Well, the fact that the construction of a model school in the second half of the twentieth century, in our enlightened state, is a fabulous thing, we will leave it on the conscience of the author of the note. But the fact that he screwed in relation to the house the word "falling apart" cannot be left on anyone's conscience. Both the collective farmers of the Aksakov village and Andrei Pavlovich Tovpeko, the head of the educational department of the school, unanimously told me that the house was an amazing fortress. At one time, selected logs were used for it, not covered, from the Buzuluk pine forest, moreover, the forest was properly seasoned in the old way, and the crowns were planted on special spikes. So when they broke the house, then the log from the log, the crown from the crown was torn off with a tractor, and hence the ceilings. But now it is known that the roof was not repaired, while funds and even roofing iron for its repair were released more than once.

Incidentally, I was always struck by this love of ours to build something "instead of", and not "together". To build a school, it is necessary to break down the house. Why? For what? Why not put the school next to it? The same Andrei Pavlovich Tovpeko told me that it was unreasonable to build a school on the old foundation of the Aksakov house, because he limited its dimensions, and the internal premises of the school, that is, the classrooms, are now cramped.

I mentioned many documents (in copies, of course, with torn holes [Not all of them with torn holes. Some are rewritten by hand, that is, copied from copies in folders, at my request by Aksakov's enthusiasts, who are sick in soul and heart for Aksakov's memorabilia places]), which he acquired.

Maybe it was not necessary to drag them all out into the light of day, but still, to illustrate and confirm the "fabulous" things that happened there, some of the papers should be rewritten in this article.

"DESOLUTION OF THE REGIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ON THE STATE OF PROTECTION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS

Are being destroyed the most valuable monuments cultures of the former estate of the writer S. T. Aksakov, which are on the balance sheet of the Mordovo-Bokma MTS. Mordovo-Bokminskiy district decided to register all historical monuments before September 25, 1953 and ensure their protection.

1. Within 1 year. to complete the repair of historical monuments at the expense of the local budget for the improvement of the area. To oblige the director of the Mordovo-Bokminskaya MTS Comrade Lyubakov to complete the repair and restoration of the historical monument of the former estate within 1 year.

2. To the head of the regional department of agriculture and procurement, Comrade Dushenkov, to release funds to the MTS for repair work in a timely manner and to exercise daily control over the restoration of this building.

3. Assign control over the registration of protection, restoration and repair of a historical monument to the regional department of culture.

Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee A. Zhukov

Secretary of the Regional Executive Committee B. Beidyukov.

Nice, helpful solution. Perhaps the director of MTS, comrade Lyubakov, would have been guided by him and would have carried out repairs to the building, especially since it was ordered to the head of the regional agricultural department, comrade Dushenkov, "to release funds for repair work to MTS in a timely manner." But, as we know, MTS were abolished. There is no MTS now, there is no one to ask.

A new concern appeared: what to do with the unfortunate, turned into an ownerless building. The owner is, as you know. The owner, as you know, is the people. But formally, on whose balance sheet?

A new, also, I must say, sensible decision of the regional executive committee followed on August 11, already in 1959, a year, as we now know, before the final death of the house.

"THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE'S DECISION

ORENBURG REGIONAL COUNCIL

ON THE USE OF THE FORMER ESTATE

WRITER S. T. AKSAKOV

The Executive Committee of the Regional Council decided:

1. Place a hostel in the building of the former estate, and a boarding school in the back rooms.

2. Oblige the regional plan to find a limit in the amount of 15 thousand rubles for the preparation of technical documentation, for the repair and re-equipment of the building of the former estate of the writer and linking to it a new school building for 320 places.

3. To oblige the regional project by 15.9.59 to draw up technical documentation for the construction of a new school building. Repair and refurbish the buildings of the former estate of the writer while preserving the architecture of the main residential building.

4. Oblige the regional department of culture and the Buguruslan regional executive committee to create a museum of the writer, allocate and equip a room in the main building of the former estate.

5. To oblige the executive committee of the Buguruslan District Council to take the necessary measures to improve the territory of the estate and the garden with the involvement of the public and the school for this purpose.

Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee A. Zhukov.

It would seem - what else? And to save the building, and to make repairs while preserving the architecture of the main residential building, and to take measures to improve the territory of the estate and garden. After all, it only remained to carry out this wonderful decision, and the gratitude of the descendants, not to mention contemporaries, is guaranteed. And how did it happen that exactly one year after this decision, the Aksakov house was demolished?

Two sides of the issue. Of course, without the knowledge of the region, without having received the go-ahead, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov would not have dared to break the house. On the other hand, without Ivan Alexandrovich's energetic desire and petition, it would not have occurred to the regional executive committee to break down the house. As if the regional executive committee has no other business and worries. And the house is worth itself and worth it, especially since a decision has been made to preserve and repair it. But if an ardent request comes from below, surrounded by convincing arguments, then the regional executive committee can respect the convincing request of the collective farm chairman. Obviously, the initiative to demolish the house belonged to the chairman of the collective farm, Ivan Aleksandrovich Markov. And the commission can be convinced that the house is dilapidated, that the roof and ceiling are leaking, that the kids climb in there to play and can crush them. It was this reason that was expressed as home Ivan Aleksandrovich Markov to me personally. Became dangerous. The kids are playing. an accident could have happened.

What if it was repaired?

It was more difficult.

What to break?

What are you doing with this house? We built a school in its place!

The demolition of the house was preceded by a number of documents, some of which ended up in my hands.

"LETTER TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE REGIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

FROM THE COLLECTIVE FARM "RODINA"

The Buguruslan regional executive committee, on the basis of the decision of the general meeting of collective farmers of April 7, 1961 and the party committee of the "Rodina" committee of April 5, asks to transfer from the balance of the Aksakovskaya RTS to the collective farm an estate with a land plot, outbuildings and a writer's house, and also to allow the construction of an eleven-year school at the expense of to-for on the site of a dilapidated house ".

This little document triggered a chain of other documents, of which I have only three in front of me. Firstly, the regional executive committee, having received the request of the collective farm, confirmed by the district, made a request to its own department of culture, to which it received an answer:

"To your number (such and such) dated 01.01.01, the Department of Culture reports that the estate is registered as historical monument does not appear.

Head of the Regional Department of Culture V. Biryukov"

Well, if it does not appear, what is there to talk about? But still, the regional committee and the regional executive committee, we must do justice to them, created and sent a special commission so that it would clarify everything on the spot, sort everything out and give its recommendations. Such recommendations were given by the commission on August 1, 1961.

"MEMORY

TO THE SECRETARY OF THE REGIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPSU T. SHURYGIN V. N.

AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE REGIONAL COUNCIL MOLCHANINOV

The commission composed of oblono Tkacheva

Head of the regional design office Comrade Ivanov

The chief engineer of the UKS at the regional executive committee, comrade Trakhtenberg, suggested:

1. The organization of a boarding school on the territory of the writer's estate is considered inappropriate, since the residential building and all other buildings have fallen into a dilapidated state and at least 60 thousand rubles will be required to restore the residential building alone.

2. The residential building after its restoration cannot be fully used due to the fact that its second floor is very low, about one and a half meters (!). Other premises, in particular the stable, cannot be adapted for housing due to the lack of minimum sanitary requirements.

3. The most correct decision would be to transfer the estate of Aksakov to the agricultural artel "Rodina", and on its territory construction secondary school according to a standard project.

The collective farm intends to start building the school and allocates the necessary funds. To speed up the implementation of the school construction plan, allocation assistance should be provided during the construction period.

On August 14, 1961, the executive committee of the Buguruslansky district council asked the regional executive committee to support the petition of the board of the "Rodina" k-za.

Soon, on the basis of this memorandum, the decision of the regional executive committee took place.

"DESOLUTION OF THE REGIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ABOUT THE MONUMENT OF CULTURE

In order to preserve the local cultural monument of the former estate of the writer Aksakov and taking into account the petition of the board of the collective farm "Rodina", the executive committee of the regional council decided:

1. Satisfy the petition of the "Rodina" office of the Buguruslansky district for the transfer of a personal plot, a park and existing buildings of the former estate of the writer to the collective farm in order to put the territory of the former estate in order and build a general education school on it according to a standard project.

2. Regional Department of Culture to conclude a security agreement with the collective farm.

3. To oblige the regional department of culture (comrade Biryukov) to perpetuate the memory of the Russian writer to install a memorial plaque on the building of the new school.

Chairman of the Executive Committee N. Molchaninov

Secretary of the Executive Committee A. Krasnov.

Note that this document no longer mentions Aksakov's house, as it was in other documents of the same period. Here it is said roundly and mildly about "the transfer to the collective farm of the personal plot, the park and the existing buildings of the former estate of the writer Aksakov. Apparently, it has come to the region that the house has already been broken. It remains to install a memorial plaque on the building of the new school.

The house is pretty clear. There was still a park, a pond and a mill. The park is hard work. If the park is not looked after every day, from year to year, then it runs wild and practically dies. Old trees fall out or they are cut down for firewood, while the bush grows and becomes tangled, turning the former park into a kind of huge shapeless washcloth, from which only here and there can accidentally survive century-old trees stick out. This is exactly what happened with the park in Aksakov. It must only be said that the main part of the old trees was cut down during the war years, when there were almost no peasants left in the villages, at least strong and healthy men, and firewood was taken from somewhere closer and simpler.

[In the same way, by the way (I wrote about this, I remember, in "Vladimirskie back roads"), it was during the war that a park was completely cut down in the village of Varvarin, Vladimir Region, an estate memorialized with Tyutchev's daughter and with Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, then there is already with the son of the main and main Aksakov. If you wish, read "Vladimir country roads", the corresponding chapter.]

As for the mill and the pond, we should remember how they were formed. Fortunately, there is beauty and detailed description this event in the "Family Chronicle", on its very first pages. Since we have not yet abused Aksakov's own texts, here is a description of how the mill was created. It is also interesting because, it turns out, our grandfathers used the same method when blocking rivers, as we do now, when we block the Yenisei or the Angara. The scale, however, is not the same, and materials, and technology, and goals. It is no longer brushwood and manure, not straw, but reinforced concrete blocks, not carts, but dump trucks, not a hundred dexterous men, but a huge army of builders. But the principle, mind you, is the same.

"... Having chosen in advance a place where the water was not deep, the bottom was strong, and the banks were high and also strong, on both sides of the river they brought a dam of brushwood and earth to it, like two hands ready to grab, and for greater strength they braided the dam wattle from a flexible willow; it remained to hold fast and strong water and force it to fill the reservoir assigned to it... On the one hand, where the shore seemed lower, a mill barn was arranged in advance for two flour mills with a crush. All the gear was ready and even oiled; on huge water wheels, a river was supposed to rush through the wooden pipes of the caus when, blocked in its natural course, it would fill a wide pond and rise above the bottom of the caus When everything was ready and four long oak piles were firmly driven into the hard clay bottom of Buguruslan, across the future veshnya, grandfather did help for two days, neighbors were invited with horses, carts, shovels, pitchforks and axes.On the first day, huge piles of brushwood from chopped small woods and bushes, straw, manure and fresh turf were heaped on both sides of Buguruslan, until now freely, inviolably striving for its waters. The next day, at sunrise, about a hundred people gathered to occupy the zaimka, that is, to dam the river. There was something solicitous and solemn on every face; everyone was preparing for something; the whole village hardly slept that night. Together, at the same moment, with a loud crack, heaps of brushwood, first tied in heaps, were pushed into the river from both banks; a lot was carried away by the rapid current of water, but a lot of it, held back by piles, lay across the river bottom; bundles of straw with stones flew there, followed by manure and earth; again a layer of brushwood, and again straw and manure, and on top of everything thick layers of turf. When all this, somehow flooded, became above the surface of the water, about twenty peasants, strong and dexterous, jumped out to the top of the dam and began to trample and crush it with their feet. All this was done with such speed, with such general zeal, with such unceasing outcry, that any passer-by or passer-by would be frightened if he did not know the reason. But there was no one to be frightened: some wild steppes and dark forests in the distant space resounded with the frantic cries of hundreds of workers, who were joined by many voices of women and even more of children: for everyone took part in such important event, everything fussed, ran and screamed. They did not soon cope with the stubborn river: for a long time it tore and carried away brushwood, straw, manure and sod; but at last the people prevailed, the water could not break through any more, stopped, seemed to be thinking, swirled, went back, filled the banks of its channel, flooded, crossed them, began to overflow through the meadows, and by evening a pond had already formed, or, rather, surfaced a lake without shores, without greenery, herbs and bushes that always grow on them; here and there the tops of submerged dead trees stuck out. The next day, the crowd pushed, the mill ground down - and it grinds and pushes until now.

I don’t know until what year the mill was pushing and grinding, but its very structure, the mill barn, causa and wheels - all this burned down in 1966, outliving the Aksakov house for six years. The pond did not burn down at the same time, as you might guess, but it has not been cleaned and washed since Aksakov’s times, it is polluted and silted up, shallowed and overgrown, fishless and turned into a huge puddle.

I do not know why it has always been called and is called a pond. It is, rather, a mill whirlpool, namely a reservoir, a reservoir that adorns and ennobles the steppe place And if it were cleaned, taking all the silt to the fields of the Rodina collective farm, and properly stocking it with fish, and making a minimum of effort to keep it clean and tidy , it would even have economic significance.

Well, that means that in all respects it turned out to be in full compliance: the park ran wild, the pond was neglected, the house was broken, the mill burned down. It's time to take on the protection and restoration of the so-called memorial complex.

"ORENBURG REGIONAL BRANCH

ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF MONUMENTS.

ORENBURG, STR. SOVIET, 66, ROOM. 68

The State Inspectorate for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments informs that the former estate in the Buguruslansky district of the Orenburg region is included in the list of historical monuments subject to state protection.

In this regard, we ask you to enter a petition to the regional executive committee to take urgent measures to preserve the memorial park, as well as to allocate premises for the museum. Materials for this museum can be provided, according to the message received, by the museum-estate "Abramtsevo".

Head of the State Inspectorate for Protection (Makovetsky).

TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM "ABRAMTSEVO"

TOB. V. F. MANIN

The executive committee of the Orenburg Regional Council of Working People's Deputies in May 1971 adopted a decision "On the creation of a memorial complex for the writer Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, in the village of Aksakovo, Buguruslan District."

By decision of the executive committee, design and estimate organizations are required to develop a master plan for the restoration of the former estate. The project assignment for drawing up a master plan for restoration and repair work provides for: restoration of the house in the Aksakov estate, landscaping of the park, clearing of existing plantations and planting valuable tree species, arrangement of gazebos, footpaths, layout of the parterre public garden, restoration of a pond with a water mill, a dam and a diversion channel.

Design requires photographs, drawings, drawings, descriptions of Aksakov's house, mill, pond, park, pavilions and other materials. Our regional branch does not have such materials.

In order to assist the designers in the most complete restoration of the memorial complex in its former form, we kindly ask you to tell me where and how you can find necessary materials on the estate of the writer Aksakov.

If there are photographs, drawings, drawings, descriptions of Aksakov's house, a mill, a pond, a park, pavilions and other materials in your museum, would you kindly send copies of these materials to the address of the regional branch of the society: 6, room 68.

Chairman of the Presidium

regional branch of the Society

(A. Bochagov)".

ASSIGNMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF THE INSTITUTE

ORENBURGSELVEKT

"Based on the protocol of the meeting of the Presidium of the Orenburg Regional Department of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments dated 01.01.01 and the act of examining monuments and memorial places of the Buguruslan region dated 01.01.01, it is necessary to draw up design and estimate documentation for the restoration of Aksakov's estate.

When drawing up design and estimate documentation, provide for:

1. Fencing of the park (iron fence on reinforced concrete supports).

2. Clearing existing plantations and plantings of valuable tree species.

3. Cleaning and restoration of a pond with cages for breeding fish.

4. Strengthening the banks of the Buguruslan River.

5. Preservation and repair of the existing five brick buildings.

6. Construction of a memorial complex, where to place a hotel for tourists, a canteen, Aksakov's memorial room.

7. Placement of tombstones from the graves of Aksakov's parents and restoration of the inscriptions on the tombstones.

When drawing up the master plan for the village of Aksakovo, provide for the preservation of the memorial park, including it in the recreation area of ​​the central estate of the collective farm.

Payment for the preparation of the draft estimate documentation is made by the Orenburg branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

Chairman

regional branch of VOOPIK Bochagov

Chairman of the collective farm "Rodina" Markov"

"DESOLUTION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

ORENBURG REGIONAL COUNCIL

WORKING DEPUTIES

dated 01.01.01

ON THE CREATION OF THE MEMORIAL COMPLEX

WRITER SERGEI TIMOFEEVICH AKSAKOV

IN THE VILLAGE OF AKSAKOVO, BUGURUSLAN DISTRICT

October 1971 marks the 180th anniversary of the birth of the Russian writer, who lived and worked for a long time in the Orenburg region, given his great merits in the development of culture and popularity among Russian and foreign readers, in order to perpetuate his memory

Executive Committee of the Regional Council R E S H I L:

1. Create a memorial complex in the village of Aksakovo, on the territory of the former estate of the writer. The memorial complex includes all the buildings that belonged, a park, a museum and a monument to the writer. Preserve tombstones from the graves of the writer's parents and brother.

2. To oblige the head of the regional design office of Obluprkomkhoz to include in the design plan for 1972 the development of a master plan for the restoration and repair work of the former estate, in 1971 to draw up design estimates for the repair of the house for the museum, the installation of a monument and tombstones of parents and brother.

3. To oblige the director of the institute Orenburgselkhozproekt, when drawing up the master plan for the development of the village of Aksakovo (collective farm "Rodina"), to take into account the obligation to preserve the estate with all its buildings and the park. Not later than July with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to establish the boundaries of the writer's estate and a buffer zone.

Payment for the cost of design estimates and repair work on the house-museum, the installation of monuments and tombstones of parents to be made at the expense of the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

4. Oblige oblremstroytrest (t.) during 1971 to carry out major work to create a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo. The regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to conclude an agreement with the regional construction trust for the production of restoration work and provide them with funding.

5. To oblige the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (t.) by July 15, 1971, to conclude an agreement with the Rodina collective farm for the protection of the premises that were transferred to it for use for economic purposes.

6. Oblige the Buguruslan District Executive Committee (vol.):

a) no later than July d. to resolve the issue of vacating one house occupied by the boarding school in order to create a museum of the writer in it;

b) to ensure the safety of all the buildings left in the writer's estate, transferred to the collective farm "Rodina";

c) improve access roads to the village. Aksakovo.

7. Oblige the regional department of culture (t.) to come with a petition to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR to open a branch of the museum.

8. To oblige the regional council for tourism (t.) to develop by 1972 the route of excursions "Aksakovo", to consider the issue of creating a tourist base in the village. Aksakovo and together with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to publish a guide to Aksakov places.

9. Oblige the regional consumer union (t.) to resolve the issue of construction in 1972 in the village. Aksakovo canteen in place and provide for the supply of Aksakovosprefabricated houses for sale to the population of the village.

10. Oblige the regional forestry department (t.) in 1971 to carry out the necessary repair work in the park with. Aksakovo.

11. To ask the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Nature (t.) to protect the park in the Aksakov estate.

12. To instruct the Orenburg branch of Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz (t.) to draw up design and estimate documentation for the restoration of the pond in the park in 1971 at the expense of the limits of the regional water management.

13. Oblige the regional department of melioration and water management (t.) to carry out all the restoration work of the pond in the park.

14. To ask the Committee on Press Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to republish the works.

15. To ask the regional committee of the Komsomol (vol.) for the period of restoration work in the village. Aksakovo to allocate a student detachment of builders.

16. To oblige the regional department of culture (t.) and the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (t.) to monitor the implementation of work on the creation of a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo, the equipment of the house-museum, as well as jointly resolve the issue of allocating a staff unit of a museum employee for the period of its repair and organization.

Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.

A. Balandin

Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies

A. Karpunkov

That's right: head. protocol part

3. Chaplygin".

Sent to: Orenburgselkhozproekt, regional repair building, regional council for tourism, regional consumer union, regional municipal administration, regional department of melioration and water management, regional department of culture, Society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, regional department for nature protection, regional committee of the Komsomol, regional department of press, regional department for construction and architecture, t Chernysheva, Regional Plan, Regional Federal District, Regional Committee of the CPSU, Regional Prosecutor Comrade. Vlasyuk, the Buguruslan regional executive committee, the collective farm "Rodina" of the Buguruslan region, the Buguruslan city committee of the CPSU comrade. Karpets, Orenburg branch of Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz.

After all that has been said, it is not difficult to assume what I found and saw in Aksakov.

In Buguruslan, that is, in the district, I was treated well and attentively, truly as a Moscow guest, and even with a document " literary newspaper". However, the Buguruslan impressions are out of place here, because it would no longer be an Aksakov theme, or, more precisely, not an Aksakov theme in its purest form. Therefore, I can only say that I was given a car for a trip to Aksakovo, as well as fellow travelers: one a man from the district executive committee, one from a local newspaper, and another man, I don't remember which organization now.

On this day, a session of the district executive committee was held, and the chairman of the Rodina collective farm was supposed to be present at it. And we had to wait for him in Aksakovo, he promised to arrive no later than two in the afternoon, that is, for dinner. So, until two we could get acquainted with the object on our own. However, they thought that this was the first time I was in Aksakovo. But I had already lived in Buguruslan for three days before they gave me a car. And as if I could sit quietly for three days in a hotel! Meanwhile, the very next day, one private clerk took me to Aksakov for a fiver, drove me around the village, waited while I walked around and asked questions, and brought me back to Buguruslan.

But our current trip was distinguished not only by legality and officiality, so to speak, but also by the fact that we were going to come to Aksakovo from the other end of the Buguruslan region, to make big circle to get on the old Ufa road, and along it, as it were, to repeat the repeated road of Aksakov himself from Ufa to his native village.

It turned out to be a wonderful day, as if by order - quiet, sunny, rare for the end of October in these places. Two tones prevailed around us: blue and gold. Blue was the clear sky, and golden were the hills that stretched out under the sky, and even the sun, large and sharply outlined in the deep blue. Of course, sometimes the hills were reddish, which is typical for these places, sometimes, among the autumn goldness, the rectangles of plowed black soil shone brightly and velvety, of course, the forests on the hills and in the hollows between the hills had already lost most of their foliage and were now blackish, except for oak groves, but still copper-red, cast and chased. But even the black leafless forests turned golden under the clear autumn sun. There was also a different diversity: fields and villages, roads, poles on the sides of the road, oil rigs here and there. But still, now, when I want to remember the picturesque state of that day, I see two main, predominant tones - blue and gold.

The road all the time led us through a sharply broken landscape: from a hill to a deep ravine, obliquely along a slope, from a deep hollow to a hill. Finally, from a rounded height, we saw below, truly at a glance or as if on a tray, a large village, in the general picture of which stood out even rows of new standard houses under slate, built, apparently, quite recently. There were several dozen of them here, and, I remember, I immediately noted to myself, knowing the approximate price of each such house, that the Rodina collective farm was not at all a poor collective farm, and I had to link what I saw with the lines from the original letter, which, as they say, invited on a business trip. "A document was drawn up for cleaning up the pond, and the Rodina collective farm asked to take into account the need for a watering place for four thousand heads of cattle, as well as the possible organization of a profitable fish farm. The cost of all these works was expressed in the amount of up to one million rubles. Such money, of course, it did not turn out, and the collective farm itself flatly refused even to share participation, referring to the weakness of its economy.

But first I must say that at the first glance at Aksakovo from high mountain I felt that something was missing here and somehow this view was unusual. Of course, until now I have seen the village from this high place only in pictures reproduced sometimes in Aksakov's books or in books about him. The look had become accustomed to the sight of the village, and now something was missing from the familiar look. It's the same as if the view of Moscow, and suddenly - there is no Kremlin. In place of the Kremlin, there is empty space and small nondescript buildings. Involuntarily, you will notice with your eyes in search of the familiar, settled.

Near the village of Aksakov in the previous pictures there was an organizing center - a white church in the middle, in front of it was a square, and then the Aksakov house with buildings with the letter "P". The rest of the village was located around this, so to speak, architectural ancient complex. Well, and since I have not seen the church now and cannot see it, and two shops and a canteen and an oblong barrack-type collective farm House of Culture have been built on the square, the general picture of the village of Aksakova crumbled for me into a flat, architecturally unorganized cluster of houses.

We arrived earlier than expected by my escorts. There were at least three hours left before the chairman's return from the session, which we used to inspect what is called in the papers the memorial complex of the Aksakov estate. We started, of course, from the house, or rather, from the place where the house stood fifteen years ago. Well, a school is like a school. We were guided along it by the head teacher Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko. Tables, blackboards, corridors - everything is as it should be in new school. Is it possible to object to the school, and even such a good and new one? But still, but still, why "instead of" and not "together"? Moreover, it was during this excursion that Andrei Pavlovich told that it was unreasonable to build a school on the old foundation, that the rectangle of the old foundation limited the dimensions of the school and its interior is now cramped. But the windows of the school look in the same direction and the same view of the area opens from them, which was opened to the eyes of Serezha Aksakov one hundred and seventy years ago. Because of this alone, it was necessary to walk around the school and look through its windows at the former park, at the river and further, at the bare reddish Belyaevskaya mountain.

A public garden was set up in front of the school, and a specialist from Yerevan was invited to set it up. He succeeded in giving the area in front of the school that dull official look that the areas usually have in front of the offices of factories, bus stations or factory canteens. Only instead of the Board of Honor, which was indispensable in those cases, there were three tombstones made of polished granite in the middle of the square.

As we remember, these tombstones appeared more than once in various papers that we copied into this article, and, naturally, we stopped near them. All three of them were about the same forums. Well, how would you give an idea about them ... Well, three sort of caskets on stone supports, that is, more horizontal and oblong than vertical. Letters are engraved on the front walls. The research assistant of the regional museum could not read all the inscriptions, but now we have read them all the same. Apparently, the letters, all hackneyed, crumbled, managed to be updated and clarified a little. These were tombstones from the graves of the writer's father - Timofey Sergeevich, mother - Maria Nikolaevna and brother - Arkady Timofeevich. The tombstones were arranged in a row, one next to the other, in the middle of the square in front of the school, where, according to the usual layout, one could expect a Board of Honor. I immediately asked Andrei Pavlovich Tovpeko to show me the location of the graves themselves. According to the testimony, in 1968 "on the site of the church, which was built by the father of Sergei Timofeevich in late XVIII - early XIX century, there was a pile of rubble and debris and three tombstones were lying next to them. "It is obvious that they were talking about them, about these tombstones, it is obvious that the graves were located near the church, which Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko confirmed to us.

Near the church there was a small chapel, and under it - a crypt. The parents of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov were buried there. Let's go to the square, I'll show you this place.

We came to a flat, paved area, lined on four sides with low, sand-lime brick buildings of two shops, a canteen, and the collective farm House of Culture. There was no rubble, no debris. As well as the signs of the Church of the Sign that once stood on this square. Only at the entrance to the House of Culture, instead of a threshold, there was a large semi-circular flat stone, which was in no way combined with silicate brick and slate and was, obviously, a detail of an old church building. Perhaps he was in front of the entrance to the altar. Stepping on it, we went to the House of Culture and found ourselves in small white-blue low rooms, cells, heated to a stupefying stuffiness. In one cell there was a collective-farm thin library. We asked the girl librarian what books by Aksakov she kept. The girl, embarrassed, replied that they did not have a single book by Aksakov.

That is, like none? So, none? At least a cheap edition?

None.

Behind the wall there was some kind of loud conversation, more like a radio. It turned out that the main and most part of the House of Culture is a cinema hall and that now there is an afternoon screening. We dropped by for five minutes. A foreign spy ran away from our scouts, either jumping out of the train on the move, then jumping back into the train. Cars rushed by, barriers were lowered, policemen were talking on the radio. In a word, it was clear that the spy was not going anywhere.

But still, I wanted to more accurately establish the location of the crypt, and Andrei Pavlovich led me to a flat paved area between the House of Culture, two shops and a canteen to a small rectangular hatch.

This is where the crypt was.

I looked into the hole and saw that the top of it had recently been cemented. There was nothing to be seen further down.

Well, yes, exactly, - repeated Tovpeko, looking around. - Here stood a church, here was a porch, here is a chapel, and this is a crypt.

But why, if the church and the chapel are broken, did they leave this hole in the middle of the square? For what?

Adapted. In theory, they were going to hold water there. Fire prevention measures. Storage tank. The chairman will even tell you that they dug and built this reservoir on purpose. But where have you seen such tanks in at least one village or city? The crypt was adapted. And since there is never any water in it and, thank God, there have not been fires in Aksakov since its very foundation, the stores, in turn, adapted this hatch for garbage.

Can't be! I will not believe. Now we will ask.

A woman walked by - a collective farmer in her fifties. I turned to her and began to ask where the church was, where the chapel, where the porch. The woman answered and showed up to a meter.

And this? I pointed to the hole.

Here they were buried. Mother father. Now near the school... Stones... maybe they saw...

Why is this hole?

Garbage is thrown out of shops.

My idea of ​​the park as a huge tangled washcloth coincided with amazing accuracy. Only a few ancient kurguz lindens created a semblance of an alley in one place. The rest of the space was filled with overgrown shrubs, flavored with tall herbaceous plants, now withered and thorny.

Tovpeko tried to explain to me where there were fish tanks, where there was an arbor, where there was a park pond in which (as if!) Swans swam, but it was impossible to imagine any of this now. From the park, pushing our way through the bushes and thorns, we came to the mill pond, already covered with ice. There were a lot of stones and sticks thrown on the ice. We, too, used to throw the boys casually, who will slip further and roll away. They also showed me the place where the Aksakovs' mill, which burned down nine years ago, stood.

Now we had to look at what was nevertheless done to perpetuate the memory of the writer. Well, we have already talked about the square and the three tombstones placed there in a row. At the very beginning of the square, a monument to Sergei Timofeevich was erected in 1971 (one hundred and eighty years since his birth). A large and heavy bust, resting on an even heavier pedestal, or rather, on a rough rectangular concrete ingot. If the square was entrusted to a specialist from Yerevan, then the monument was commissioned for some reason in Georgia and installed (there is a detailed story about this by Tamara Alexandrovna Lazareva) hastily, at night, in cold rain, with muddy ground and a piercing wind. But be that as it may, the monument stands in the park.

To the side of the square, in the surviving auxiliary building, repaired and covered with slate, there is a school dormitory. They took one room from this hostel, with an area of ​​​​fifteen meters, and turned this room into a museum of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. Dear girl Galya, a Bashkir by nationality, is the only staff member of this museum. She carefully hung on the walls of the room photographs (copies of copies), blurry and grainy, sent here from the museum near Moscow in Abramtsevo. The writer's parents View of the house. Type of mill. View of the village. rephotographed title pages some books of Sergei Timofeevich. Nothing, of course. I was especially touched by one Galina invention. She folded white sheets of paper so that they looked like the spines of a book, and wrote on these "roots": Turgenev, Gogol, Tolstoy ... That is, she imitated the books of writers with whom Aksakov was close in life. She arranged these "roots" as if on a bookshelf.

As far as I understand, there is a struggle going on (from whom with whom?) to take away from the school dormitory for a museum, if not all this side building, then at least one more room. Then Galya will have the opportunity to hang another dozen or two photographs.

Meanwhile, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov, chairman of the "Rodina" collective farm, was about to arrive from the session of the district executive committee. Frankly, I was looking forward to this meeting with great interest. I wanted to look at the man who personally broke Aksakov's house. In the district, he was given the most flattering description. Great host. Fulfills all plans. Delivers products promptly. Builds new houses for collective farmers. Built new house under the office of the collective farm gave the hospital. Twice awarded with orders- the Order of Lenin and the Order October revolution. Holds a challenge Red Banner. Lots of awards and honors.

All this somehow did not fit one with the other: wonderful person- and suddenly broke Aksakov's house. And the crypt adapted for the tank? And what about the burnt-out mill and the neglected pond? And the overgrown park, and the collective farm library, in which there is not a single book by Aksakov?

As a starting point in assessing this event (the liquidation of Aksakov's house), I took one speculative assumption. Only a person who had never read Aksakov could raise his hand against Aksakov's house. It cannot be that a person who has read the "Family Chronicle" and "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson", involuntarily got used to that era, got to know the heroes of these books, that is, with the inhabitants of the Aksakov house, empathized with Seryozha all the joys of his childhood, who looked with his eyes at the surroundings, at the nature around, in short, it cannot be that a person who has read, and therefore fell in love with Aksakov, could raise his hand and break the writer’s real (genuine!) house.

How close is the elbow! Fifteen years ago, the original house was intact and could still be repaired. And now I have to apply to Abramtsevo - will they send at least a photograph of the house or memories of it and verbal descriptions. And everything depended on the will of one person, and this person showed an unkind will towards the house, and the house was pulled by tractors over a log. Does this mean that this man did not read Aksakov and acted out of blindness, not knowing what he was doing? That was my speculative premise.

Imagine my surprise when, during the conversation, Ivan Alexandrovich began to pour out quotations from the Family Chronicle, from Notes on Fishing, from Notes of a Rifle Hunter. But first, of course, we greeted each other, got to know each other, when the chairman got out of the car and, smiling, walked towards us, who were standing and waiting for him on the square near the store. It was already four o'clock in the afternoon, we had not eaten anything since morning, so the chairman, as really good host, immediately moved on to the question of lunch. Dinner, it turned out, was already waiting for us at the house of the secretary of the party organization. Moreover, the lunch is hot (fatty fiery cabbage soup with pork), as well as with a "light" - with a snack invented and existing in those places. They pass horseradish, garlic and ripe tomatoes through a meat grinder in equal amounts. It turns out liquid spicy food, nicknamed "light". It is served on the table in a bowl and eaten with spoons. Behind the cabbage soup, behind this "light", the conversation flowed like a river. It was then that the erudition of Ivan Alexandrovich Markov came to light. However, he deftly evaded direct answers and my direct questions.

Yes, they allocated funds, but then they did not find it possible ...

Yes, there was roofing iron, but then they did not find it possible ...

The house was in disrepair. He had an attic and the upper floor filled with snow, and then the snow melted ... You understand ... The kids climb, how long before trouble. A heavy beam would break...

Was it not possible to insert glass so that the floor would not fill with snow? ..

Then they didn’t find it possible ... Why are you all with this house, yes, a house? You better look at what kind of school we built on this place!

The chairman was a man of about fifty, reddish, with a reddish, freckled face, well-fed and even slightly self-satisfied. Things are going well, the authorities praise, they give orders and diplomas ... But why are they all sticking with this Aksakov? Well, the landlords lived in a bar, pray, or what, now on them? These tourists too ... go in the summer large groups, they have nothing to do ... They would all go to the collective farm, dig potatoes ...

I attributed such rude thoughts to the chairman in the first half hour of our acquaintance, trying to understand his psychology and the motives of his behavior. But of course, when he himself began to scribble whole periods from the "Family Chronicle" by heart, I had to change my mind. Tem greater mystery for me, let's say, the indifference of this village owner to Aksakov's memorable places, to all this, using the language of documents, to the memorial complex became, let's say, softer. Already the cabbage soup was eaten, and the "light", but I still did not understand anything about the motives and actions of this person.

My conclusion is that there is no riddle here and that the chairman of the collective farm is by no means an intruder, but a really good owner and, probably, a good person. I do not categorically affirm this only because our acquaintance was too brief and I did not have time to get to know this person wider, deeper, more thoroughly for a more categorical statement of his human and spiritual qualities. Let us assume that he is even very good man.

But he is the chairman of the collective farm with all the ensuing consequences, and not at all an enthusiastic local historian, not a guardian of antiquity, not the chairman of the local Society for the Protection of Architectural Monuments, not a museum worker. The chairman of a collective farm is not obliged to have broad, enlightened views on national culture, literature in particular, especially when it comes to the past of our culture and literature. The potato digger does not have to plant flowers at the same time. This is not her function. It is not designed for this purpose. And if she had been adapted, she probably would have done her main job poorly.

Again, I do not want to offend the huge army of collective farm chairmen, conscientious and diligent workers, who, by the way, are becoming more cultured and educated. Simply - other functions. The collective farm receives phone calls and papers demanding indicators and figures (and hence, agricultural products), the chairman, in response to these demands, gives indicators and figures. Such a concept as a memorial complex does not fit into these two oncoming flows. He has nowhere to fit in. And since the fulfillment of indicators and figures requires the daily tension of both ordinary collective farmers and the chairman himself, since this tension leaves no “backlash” for doing side affairs like putting in order a park, a pond, a mill (which can now only carry a decorative function) Naturally, the chairman perceives these side affairs only as an unfortunate hindrance and distraction from the main daily and urgent collective farm affairs.

In order to confirm the correctness of this conclusion, we take the idea to the extreme and use the mathematical method of proving by contradiction. There is such a method in mathematics for proving theorems. For example, when they want to prove the equality of two angles, they say: "Suppose that the angles are not equal, then ..." Then it turns out to be absurd and it immediately becomes obvious that these angles are equal. I'm simplifying, but basically true. So proof by contradiction. The question is: can Yasnaya Polyana be transferred to the maintenance of the nearby collective farm? Mikhailovskoye? Tarkhany? Muranovo? Spasskoye-Lutovinovo? And what would happen if the entire memorial complex of Tolstoy's Yasnaya Polyana were transferred to the jurisdiction and, so to speak, to the balance of the local collective farm? After all, besides the park, there is a genuine Tolstoy's house. Library, old furniture, mirrors, parquet floors, piano, paintings, fresh flowers in the house, authentic Tolstoy items. All of this needs to be kept safe. This requires a whole staff of employees, watchmen, stokers, floor polishers, fat experts, guides and gardeners.

Suppose further that the collective farm would have strained and would have done everything there in Aksakov. He would find the one million rubles indicated in the project estimate (or let them give him this money in the region), and he would build a house again, put the park and pond in order, and restore the mill. So what is next? Without a whole staff of employees, specialists in museum business, everything would again very quickly overgrow, deteriorate, lose its decent appearance, and become unusable. Without the daily and attentive maintenance of the memorial complex, which, in turn, requires daily material costs, the matter could not have been done.

Let's agree that it is not the business of the collective farm at all - to maintain a large and troublesome memorial and literary complex on a daily basis. Then it will be possible to understand the almost instinctive desire of the chairman of the collective farm to shove off the Aksakov affairs imposed on him and to get rid of them as radically and permanently as possible. As a person who read Aksakov, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov can be condemned for this, as the chairman of a collective farm - hardly.

Thus, if we want to preserve, and now actually restore the Aksakov complex, we need to put the matter on a state, all-Union basis. We need to put this memorial complex on a par with those mentioned: Yasnaya Polyana, Tarkhanami, Spassky-Lutovinov, Muranov, Mikhailovsky. You can add here Karabikha, Polenovo, or at least the same Abramtsevo near Moscow.

This is where they can say: "There is already one Aksakov complex - Abramtsevo. Isn't it enough?"

But, firstly, because we have three Chekhov memorial complexes, no one is suffering yet. House-Museum in Moscow, House-Museum in Yalta and House-Museum in Melikhovo.

Secondly, Abramtsevo is already more mammoth (Vasnetsov, Vrubel, Serov, Polenov, Korovin) complex than pure Aksakov.

Thirdly, the most important. Abramtsevo is located near Moscow, where there are many other museum, tourist, and guide places nearby. In Buguruslan, in the Orenburg steppes, the Aksakov complex would be one for five hundred kilometers around as the only and necessary for those places a reference center of culture, attracting both school excursions and free tourist groups, combining elements of both education and education of love for native nature (education of patriotism), and even recreation. I am opposed to the construction of camp sites near literary memorable places, but there, in the Orenburg remoteness and, so to speak, without a museum, one could even go to the organization of a tourist base, especially since a beautiful pond, if it was cleaned, and the Buguruslan river itself, and a park, put in order, and the surrounding copses would be conducive to health and at the same time cultural recreation.

If, however, we believe that Aksakov as a writer, as a literary and historical phenomenon, is not worthy that his memorable place be put on a par with memorable places Turgenev and Tyutchev, Tolstoy and Nekrasov, Lermontov and Pushkin, Polenov and Chekhov, and that the village of Aksakovo can only be literary monument of local importance, on the balance sheet of a collective farm, district (and even if only regions!), then it is better to immediately stop all conversations about this, all correspondence, decisions, resolutions, inspection reports, projects and estimates. A long and fruitless history of conversations, projects, decisions, acts and estimates confirms the correctness of this sad conclusion.

Apparently, my trip to Aksakovo could not end without one poignant motif connected with nature. This happened when the train was already moving. I stood at the window in the aisle of the car and looked at the hills and valleys running past. By the way, it was still autumn, the direct and frank breath of winter was still not heard, but the train (long-distance, Karaganda) arrived at the Buguruslan station with snow-covered footboards, and this snow no longer melted. Through the golden autumn lands of the western Orenburg region, we carried on the steps of the train to Moscow the fine corrosive snow of the Karaganda steppes.

Then a fellow passenger stopped next to me near another window. We stood at two different windows, but looked in the same direction.

Aksakov places! - told me a fellow traveler. - Here he had all the hunting, and all the fishing.

There was a lot of game, and a different animal, but now it has diminished.

Animals and game have diminished everywhere. The twentieth century. But do you know what a miracle happened in Aksakov last year?

A pair of swans started up on the pond in Aksakov. They arrived in the spring and stayed here to breed chicks. What brought them here? Maybe a distant memory. Has anything been passed on through these... genes? Maybe their ancestors were once here, and the memory of this place woke up in the blood of their descendants. But if they had bred the chicks, then the chicks would have flown here next year as to their homeland. They would definitely come. So, you look, and swans would take root here. They would decorate the pond and in general, so to speak, the landscape. It's a beauty if wild swans swim in the pond! And Aksakov, too, would have had a kind of memory, as a connoisseur and singer of nature.

The interlocutor fell silent, and I dared to ask him after a minute or two:

What about swans? Why didn't they take root?

Why, why... They laid two eggs and began to incubate them. And someone stole those eggs from them. Maybe boys. And even an adult will not put a hand on his hand. Huge eggs, larger than goose. Well, they flew away immediately from the pond, they no longer appear. It's a pity...

Of course it's a pity, I said. - Is it bad - swans on the pond? So I heard in other countries: in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, that swans easily swim on the lakes there. The people around, the population, and they swim with the swans.

I'll say this: we ourselves are to blame. We are unworthy, apparently, by our behavior, so that swans swim with us. They didn't deserve it. Swans - this, brother, must be earned ...

The train was moving, dusk was rapidly gathering. I had to go to the dining car for dinner. My trip to Aksakov places has come to an end.

3. To oblige the director of the Orenburgselkhozproject Institute G. A. Reshetnikov, when drawing up the master plan for the development of the village of Aksakovo (collective farm "Rodina"), to take into account the obligation to preserve the estate of S. T. Aksakov with all its buildings and the park. Not later than July with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to establish the boundaries of the writer's estate and a buffer zone.
Payment for the cost of design estimates and repair work on the house-museum, the installation of monuments and tombstones of S. T. Aksakov's parents is to be made at the expense of the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.
4. To oblige the oblremstroytrest (comrade Chekmarev S.S.) during 1971 to carry out major work to create a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo. The regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to conclude an agreement with the regional construction trust for the production of restoration work and provide them with funding.
5. To oblige the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (comrade Bochagov A.K.) by July 15, 1971, to conclude an agreement with the Rodina collective farm for the protection of the premises that were transferred to it for use for economic purposes.
6. Oblige the Buguruslan District Executive Committee (comrade Proskurin V.D.):
a) no later than July d. to resolve the issue of vacating one house occupied by the boarding school in order to create a museum of the writer in it;
b) to ensure the safety of all the buildings left in the writer's estate, transferred to the collective farm "Rodina";
c) improve access roads to the village. Aksakovo.
7. To oblige the regional department of culture (comrade A. V. Solovyov) to enter the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR with a request to open a branch of the museum of S. T. Aksakov.
8. To oblige the regional council for tourism (comrade Pustovalov M.F.) to develop the Aksakovo excursion route by 1972, to consider the creation of a tourist base in the village. Aksakovo and together with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to publish a guide to Aksakov places.
9. To oblige the regional consumer union (comrade of Serbia G.P.) to resolve the issue of construction in 1972 in the village. Aksakovo canteen for 25 - 30 seats and provide in the plan for the supply for sale to the population of the village of Aksakovo 20 - 30 prefabricated houses.
10. To oblige the regional forestry department (comrade Nechaev N.A.) in 1971 to carry out the necessary repair work in the park with. Aksakovo.
11. To ask the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Nature (comrade Vlasyuk A.E.) to take under protection the park in the Aksakov estate.
12. To instruct the Orenburg branch of the Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz (t. Tafintsev A. G.) to draw up design estimates for the restoration of the pond in the park in 1971 at the expense of the limits of the regional water management.
13. Oblige the regional department of melioration and water management (comrade Bomov P.I.) to carry out all the restoration work of the pond in the park.
14. Ask the Committee on Press Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to reprint the works of S. T. Aksakov.
15. To ask the regional committee of the Komsomol (comrade Zelepukhin A. G.) for the period of restoration work in the village. Aksakovo to allocate a student detachment of builders.
16. To oblige the regional department of culture (comrade Soloviev A.V.) and the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (comrade Bochagov A.K.) to monitor the implementation of work on the creation of a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo, the equipment of the house-museum, as well as jointly resolve the issue of allocating a staff unit of a museum employee for the period of its repair and organization.
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.
A. Balandin
Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies
A. Karpunkov
That's right: head. protocol part
3. Chaplygin".
Sent to: Orenburgselkhozproekt, regional repair building, regional council for tourism, regional consumer union, regional municipal administration, regional department of melioration and water management, regional department of culture, Society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, regional department for nature protection, regional committee of the Komsomol, regional department of press, regional department for construction and architecture, t Chernysheva, Regional Plan, Regional Federal District, Regional Committee of the CPSU, Regional Prosecutor Comrade. Vlasyuk, the Buguruslan regional executive committee, the collective farm "Rodina" of the Buguruslan region, the Buguruslan city committee of the CPSU comrade. Karpets, Orenburg branch of Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz.
After all that has been said, it is not difficult to assume what I found and saw in Aksakov.
In Buguruslan, that is, in the district, I was treated well and attentively, truly as a Moscow guest, and even with a document from the Literary Gazette. However, the Buguruslan impressions are out of place here, because it would no longer be an Aksakov theme, or, more precisely, not an Aksakov theme in its pure form. Therefore, I will only say that I was given a car for a trip to Aksakovo, as well as fellow travelers: one person from the district executive committee, one from the local newspaper and another person, I now don’t remember from which organization. In a word, the "jeep" of the new model was packed, and we drove off.
On this day, the session of the district executive committee was held, and the chairman of the collective farm "Rodina" I. A. Markov was supposed to be present at it. And we had to wait for him in Aksakovo, he promised to arrive no later than two in the afternoon, that is, for dinner. So, until two we could get acquainted with the object on our own. However, they thought that this was the first time I was in Aksakovo. But I had already lived in Buguruslan for three days before they gave me a car. And as if I could sit quietly for three days in a hotel! Meanwhile, the very next day, one private clerk took me to Aksakov for a fiver, drove me around the village, waited while I walked around and asked questions, and brought me back to Buguruslan.
But our current trip was distinguished not only by, so to speak, legality and officiality, but also by the fact that we were going to come to Aksakovo from the other end of the Buguruslan region, make a big circle to get to the old Ufa road, and along it, as it were, repeat the multiple road Aksakov himself from Ufa to his native village.
It turned out to be a wonderful day, as if by order - quiet, sunny, rare for the end of October in these places. Two tones prevailed around us: blue and gold. Blue was the clear sky, and golden were the hills that stretched out under the sky, and even the sun, large and sharply outlined in the deep blue. Of course, sometimes the hills were reddish, which is typical for these places, sometimes, among the autumn goldness, the rectangles of plowed black soil shone brightly and velvety, of course, the forests on the hills and in the hollows between the hills had already lost most of their foliage and were now blackish, except for oak groves, but still copper-red, cast and chased. But even the black leafless forests turned golden under the clear autumn sun. There was also a different diversity: fields and villages, roads, poles on the sides of the road, oil rigs here and there. But still, now, when I want to remember the picturesque state of that day, I see two main, predominant tones - blue and gold.
The road all the time led us through a sharply broken landscape: from a hill to a deep ravine, obliquely along a slope, from a deep hollow to a hill. Finally, from a rounded height, we saw below, truly at a glance or as if on a tray, a large village, in the general picture of which stood out even rows of new standard houses under slate, built, apparently, quite recently. There were several dozen of them here, and, I remember, I immediately noted to myself, knowing the approximate price of each such house, that the Rodina collective farm was not at all a poor collective farm, and I had to link what I saw with the lines from the original letter, which, as they say, invited on a business trip. “A document was drawn up for cleaning up the pond, and the Rodina collective farm asked to take into account the need for a watering place for four thousand head of cattle, as well as the possible organization of a profitable fish farm. The cost of all these works was expressed in the amount of up to one million rubles. Such money, of course, it did not turn out, and the collective farm itself flatly refused even to share participation, referring to the weakness of its economy.
But first I must say that at the first glance at Aksakovo from a high mountain, I felt that something was missing here and that this view was somehow unusual. Of course, until now I have seen the village from this high place only in pictures reproduced sometimes in Aksakov's books or in books about him. The look had become accustomed to the sight of the village, and now something was missing from the familiar look. It's the same as if the view of Moscow, and suddenly - there is no Kremlin. In place of the Kremlin, there is empty space and small nondescript buildings. Involuntarily, you will notice with your eyes in search of the familiar, settled.
Near the village of Aksakov in the previous pictures there was an organizing center - a white church in the middle, in front of it was a square, and then the Aksakov house with buildings with the letter "P". The rest of the village was located around this, so to speak, architectural ancient complex. Well, and since I have not seen the church now and cannot see it, and two shops and a canteen and an oblong barrack-type collective farm House of Culture have been built on the square, the general picture of the village of Aksakova crumbled for me into a flat, architecturally unorganized cluster of houses.
We arrived earlier than expected by my escorts. There were at least three hours left before the chairman's return from the session, which we used to inspect what is called in the papers the memorial complex of the Aksakov estate. We started, of course, from the house, or rather, from the place where the house stood fifteen years ago. Well, a school is like a school. We were guided along it by the head teacher Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko. Tables, blackboards, corridors - everything is as it should be in a new school. Is it possible to object to the school, and even such a good and new one? But still, but still, why "instead of" and not "together"? Moreover, it was during this excursion that Andrei Pavlovich told that it was unreasonable to build a school on the old foundation, that the rectangle of the old foundation limited the dimensions of the school and its interior is now cramped. But the windows of the school look in the same direction and the same view of the area opens from them, which was opened to the eyes of Serezha Aksakov one hundred and seventy years ago. Because of this alone, it was necessary to walk around the school and look through its windows at the former park, at the river and further, at the bare reddish Belyaevskaya mountain.
A public garden was set up in front of the school, and a specialist from Yerevan was invited to set it up. He succeeded in giving the area in front of the school that dull official look that the areas usually have in front of the offices of factories, bus stations or factory canteens. Only instead of the Board of Honor, which was indispensable in those cases, there were three tombstones made of polished granite in the middle of the square.
As we remember, these tombstones appeared more than once in various papers that we copied into this article, and, naturally, we stopped near them. All three of them were about the same forums. Well, how would you give an idea about them ... Well, three sort of caskets on stone supports, that is, more horizontal and oblong than vertical. Letters are engraved on the front walls. A. S. Popov, a researcher at the regional museum, could not read all the inscriptions, but now we have read them all the same. Apparently, the letters, all hackneyed, crumbled, managed to be updated and clarified a little. These were tombstones from the graves of the writer's father - Timofey Sergeevich, mother - Maria Nikolaevna and brother - Arkady Timofeevich. The tombstones were arranged in a row, one next to the other, in the middle of the square in front of the school, where, according to the usual layout, one could expect a Board of Honor. I immediately asked Andrei Pavlovich Tovpeko to show me the location of the graves themselves. According to A. S. Popov, in 1968, "on the site of the church, which was built by the father of Sergei Timofeevich in the late 18th - early 19th centuries, there was a pile of rubble and debris and three tombstones lay next to them." It is obvious that they were talking about them, these tombstones, it is obvious that the graves were located near the church, which Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko confirmed to us.
- Near the church there was a small chapel, and under it - a crypt. The parents of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov were buried there. Let's go to the square, I'll show you this place.
We came to a flat, paved area, lined on four sides with low, sand-lime brick buildings of two shops, a canteen, and the collective farm House of Culture. There was no rubble, no debris. As well as the signs of the Church of the Sign that once stood on this square. Only at the entrance to the House of Culture, instead of a threshold, there was a large semi-circular flat stone, which was in no way combined with silicate brick and slate and was, obviously, a detail of an old church building. Perhaps he was in front of the entrance to the altar. Stepping on it, we went to the House of Culture and found ourselves in small white-blue low rooms, cells, heated to a stupefying stuffiness. In one cell there was a collective-farm thin library. We asked the girl librarian what books by Aksakov she kept. The girl, embarrassed, replied that they did not have a single book by Aksakov.
- That is, like none? So, none? At least a cheap edition?
- None.
Behind the wall there was some kind of loud conversation, more like a radio. It turned out that the main and most part of the House of Culture is a cinema hall and that now there is an afternoon screening. We dropped by for five minutes. A foreign spy ran away from our scouts, either jumping out of the train on the move, then jumping back into the train. Cars rushed by, barriers were lowered, policemen were talking on the radio. In a word, it was clear that the spy was not going anywhere.
But still, I wanted to more accurately establish the location of the crypt, and Andrei Pavlovich led me to a flat paved area between the House of Culture, two shops and a canteen to a small rectangular hatch.
- This is where the tomb was.
I looked into the hole and saw that the top of it had recently been cemented. There was nothing to be seen further down.
- Well, yes, exactly, - Tovpeko repeated, looking around. - Here stood a church, here was a porch, here is a chapel, and this is a crypt.
- But why, if the church and the chapel are broken, did they leave this hole in the middle of the square? For what?
- Adapted. In theory, they were going to hold water there. Fire prevention measures. Storage tank. The chairman will even tell you that they dug and built this reservoir on purpose. But where have you seen such tanks in at least one village or city? The crypt was adapted. And since there is never any water in it and, thank God, there have not been fires in Aksakov since its very foundation, the stores, in turn, adapted this hatch for garbage.
- Can't be! I will not believe. Now we will ask.
A woman walked by - a collective farmer in her fifties. I turned to her and began to ask where the church was, where the chapel, where the porch. The woman answered and showed up to a meter.
- And this? I pointed to the hole.
- Here they were buried. Mother father. Now near the school... Stones... maybe they saw...
Why is this hole?
- Garbage is thrown out of shops.
My idea of ​​the park as a huge tangled washcloth coincided with amazing accuracy. Only a few ancient kurguz lindens created a semblance of an alley in one place. The rest of the space was filled with overgrown shrubs, flavored with tall herbaceous plants, now withered and thorny.
Tovpeko tried to explain to me where there were fish tanks, where there was an arbor, where there was a park pond in which (as if!) Swans swam, but it was impossible to imagine any of this now. From the park, pushing our way through the bushes and thorns, we came to the mill pond, already covered with ice. There were a lot of stones and sticks thrown on the ice. We, too, used to throw the boys casually, who will slip further and roll away. They also showed me the place where the Aksakovs' mill, which burned down nine years ago, stood.
Now we had to look at what was nevertheless done to perpetuate the memory of the writer. Well, we have already talked about the square and the three tombstones placed there in a row. At the very beginning of the square, a monument to Sergei Timofeevich was erected in 1971 (one hundred and eighty years since his birth). A large and heavy bust, resting on an even heavier pedestal, or rather, on a rough rectangular concrete ingot. If the square was entrusted to a specialist from Yerevan, then the monument was commissioned for some reason in Georgia and installed (there is a detailed story about this by Tamara Alexandrovna Lazareva) hastily, at night, in cold rain, with muddy ground and a piercing wind. But be that as it may, the monument stands in the park.
To the side of the square, in the surviving auxiliary building, repaired and covered with slate, there is a school dormitory. They took one room from this hostel, with an area of ​​​​fifteen meters, and turned this room into a museum of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. Dear girl Galya, a Bashkir by nationality, is the only staff member of this museum. She carefully hung on the walls of the room photographs (copies of copies), blurry and grainy, sent here from the museum near Moscow in Abramtsevo. The writer's parents View of the house. Type of mill. View of the village. Rephotographed title pages of some books by Sergei Timofeevich. Nothing, of course. I was especially touched by one Galina invention. She folded white sheets of paper so that they looked like the spines of a book, and wrote on these "roots": Turgenev, Gogol, Tolstoy ... That is, she imitated the books of writers with whom Aksakov was close in life. She arranged these "roots" as if on a bookshelf.
As far as I understand, there is a struggle going on (from whom with whom?) to take away from the school dormitory for a museum, if not all this side building, then at least one more room. Then Galya will have the opportunity to hang another dozen or two photographs.
...Meanwhile, the chairman of the "Rodina" collective farm, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov, was about to arrive from the session of the district executive committee. Frankly, I was looking forward to this meeting with great interest. I wanted to look at the man who personally broke Aksakov's house. In the district, he was given the most flattering description. Great host. Fulfills all plans. Delivers products promptly. Builds new houses for collective farmers. He gave the new house built for the office of the collective farm to the hospital. Twice awarded orders - the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. Holds a challenge Red Banner. Lots of awards and honors.
All this somehow did not fit one with the other: a wonderful person - and suddenly he broke Aksakov's house. And the crypt adapted for the tank? And what about the burnt-out mill and the neglected pond? And the overgrown park, and the collective farm library, in which there is not a single book by Aksakov?
As a starting point in assessing this event (the liquidation of Aksakov's house), I took one speculative assumption. Only a person who had never read Aksakov could raise his hand against Aksakov's house. It cannot be that a person who has read the "Family Chronicle" and "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson", involuntarily got used to that era, got to know the heroes of these books, that is, with the inhabitants of the Aksakov house, empathized with Seryozha all the joys of his childhood, who looked with his eyes at the surroundings, at the nature around, in short, it cannot be that a person who has read, and therefore fell in love with Aksakov, could raise his hand and break the writer’s real (genuine!) house.
How close is the elbow! Fifteen years ago, the original house was intact and could still be repaired. And now I have to apply to Abramtsevo - whether they will send at least a photograph of the house or memories of it and verbal descriptions. And everything depended on the will of one person, and this person showed an unkind will towards the house, and the house was pulled by tractors over a log. Does this mean that this man did not read Aksakov and acted out of blindness, not knowing what he was doing? That was my speculative premise.
Imagine my surprise when, during the conversation, Ivan Alexandrovich began to pour out quotations from the Family Chronicle, from Notes on Fishing, from Notes of a Rifle Hunter. But first, of course, we greeted each other, got to know each other, when the chairman got out of the car and, smiling, walked towards us, who were standing and waiting for him on the square near the store. It was already four o'clock in the afternoon, we had not eaten anything since the morning, so the chairman, like a really good host, immediately turned to the question of dinner. Dinner, it turned out, was already waiting for us at the house of the secretary of the party organization. Moreover, the lunch is hot (fatty fiery cabbage soup with pork), as well as with a "light" - with a snack invented and existing in those places. They pass horseradish, garlic and ripe tomatoes through a meat grinder in equal amounts. It turns out liquid spicy food, nicknamed "light". It is served on the table in a bowl and eaten with spoons. Behind the cabbage soup, behind this "light", the conversation flowed like a river. It was then that the erudition of Ivan Alexandrovich Markov came to light. However, he deftly evaded direct answers and my direct questions.
- Yes, they allocated funds, but then they did not find it possible ...
- Yes, there was roofing iron, but then they did not find it possible ...
- The house was in disrepair. He had an attic and the upper floor filled with snow, and then the snow melted ... You understand ... The kids climb, how long before trouble. A heavy beam would break...
“Wouldn’t it have been possible to insert glass so that the floor would not be filled with snow? ..
- Then they didn’t find it possible ... Why are you all with this house, yes, house? You better look at what kind of school we built on this place!
The chairman was a man of about fifty, reddish, with a reddish, freckled face, well-fed and even slightly self-satisfied. Things are going well, the authorities praise, they give orders and diplomas ... But why are they all sticking with this Aksakov? Well, the landlords lived in a bar, pray, or what, now on them? These tourists too ... go in large groups in the summer, they have nothing to do ... They should all go to the collective farm, dig potatoes ...
I attributed such rude thoughts to the chairman in the first half hour of our acquaintance, trying to understand his psychology and the motives of his behavior. But of course, when he himself began to scribble whole periods from the "Family Chronicle" by heart, I had to change my mind. The more mysterious for me, let's say, to put it mildly, the indifference of this village owner to Aksakov's memorable places, to all this, using the language of documents, the memorial complex. Already the cabbage soup was eaten, and the "light", but I still did not understand anything about the motives and actions of this person.
My conclusion is that there is no riddle here and that the chairman of the collective farm is by no means an intruder, but a really good owner and, probably, a good person. I do not categorically affirm this only because our acquaintance was too brief and I did not have time to get to know this person wider, deeper, more thoroughly for a more categorical statement of his human and spiritual qualities. Let's say that he is even a very good person.
But he is the chairman of the collective farm with all the ensuing consequences, and not at all an enthusiastic local historian, not a guardian of antiquity, not the chairman of the local Society for the Protection of Architectural Monuments, not a museum worker. The chairman of a collective farm is not obliged to have broad, enlightened views on national culture, literature in particular, especially when it comes to the past of our culture and literature. The potato digger does not have to plant flowers at the same time. This is not her function. It is not designed for this purpose. And if she had been adapted, she probably would have done her main job poorly.
Again, I do not want to offend the huge army of collective farm chairmen, conscientious and diligent workers, who, by the way, are becoming more cultured and educated. Simply - other functions. The collective farm receives phone calls and papers demanding indicators and figures (and hence, agricultural products), the chairman, in response to these demands, gives indicators and figures. Such a concept as a memorial complex does not fit into these two oncoming flows. He has nowhere to fit in. And since the fulfillment of indicators and figures requires the daily tension of both ordinary collective farmers and the chairman himself, since this tension leaves no “backlash” for doing side affairs like putting in order a park, a pond, a mill (which can now only carry a decorative function) Naturally, the chairman perceives these side affairs only as an unfortunate hindrance and distraction from the main daily and urgent collective farm affairs.
In order to confirm the correctness of this conclusion, we take the idea to the extreme and use the mathematical method of proving by contradiction. There is such a method in mathematics for proving theorems. For example, when they want to prove the equality of two angles, they say: "Suppose that the angles are not equal, then ..." Then it turns out to be absurd and it immediately becomes obvious that these angles are equal. I'm simplifying, but basically true. So proof by contradiction. The question is: can Yasnaya Polyana be transferred to the maintenance of the nearby collective farm? Mikhailovskoye? Tarkhany? Muranovo? Spasskoye-Lutovinovo? And what would happen if the entire memorial complex of Tolstoy's Yasnaya Polyana were transferred to the jurisdiction and, so to speak, to the balance of the local collective farm? After all, besides the park, there is a genuine Tolstoy's house. Library, old furniture, mirrors, parquet floors, piano, paintings, fresh flowers in the house, authentic Tolstoy items. All of this needs to be kept safe. This requires a whole staff of employees, watchmen, stokers, floor polishers, fat experts, guides and gardeners.
Suppose further that the collective farm would have strained and would have done everything there in Aksakov. He would find the one million rubles indicated in the project estimate (or let them give him this money in the region), and he would build a house again, put the park and pond in order, and restore the mill. So what is next? Without a whole staff of employees, specialists in museum business, everything would again very quickly overgrow, deteriorate, lose its decent appearance, and become unusable. Without the daily and attentive maintenance of the memorial complex, which, in turn, requires daily material costs, the matter could not have been done.
Let's agree that it is not the business of the collective farm at all - to maintain a large and troublesome memorial and literary complex on a daily basis. Then it will be possible to understand the almost instinctive desire of the chairman of the collective farm to shove off the Aksakov affairs imposed on him and to get rid of them as radically and permanently as possible. As a person who read Aksakov, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov can be condemned for this, as the chairman of a collective farm - hardly.
Thus, if we want to preserve, and now actually restore the Aksakov complex, we need to put the matter on a state, all-Union basis. We need to put this memorial complex on a par with those mentioned: Yasnaya Polyana, Tarkhanami, Spassky-Lutovinov, Muranov, Mikhailovsky. You can add here Karabikha, Polenovo, or at least the same Abramtsevo near Moscow.
This is where they can say: "There is already one Aksakov complex in Abramtsevo. Isn't it enough?"
But, firstly, because we have three Chekhov memorial complexes, no one is suffering yet. House-Museum in Moscow, House-Museum in Yalta and House-Museum in Melikhovo.
Secondly, Abramtsevo is already more mammoth (Vasnetsov, Vrubel, Serov, Polenov, Korovin) complex than pure Aksakov.
Thirdly, the most important. Abramtsevo is located near Moscow, where there are many other museum, tourist, and guide places nearby. In Buguruslan, in the Orenburg steppes, the Aksakov complex would be one for five hundred kilometers around as the only and necessary for those places a reference center of culture, attracting both school excursions and free tourist groups, combining elements of both education and education of love for native nature (education of patriotism), and even recreation. I am opposed to the construction of camp sites near literary memorable places, but there, in the Orenburg remoteness and, so to speak, without a museum, one could even go to the organization of a tourist base, especially since a beautiful pond, if it was cleaned, and the Buguruslan river itself, and a park, put in order, and the surrounding copses would be conducive to health and at the same time cultural recreation.
If, however, we believe that Aksakov as a writer, as a literary and historical phenomenon, is not worthy that his memorable place be put on a par with the memorial places of Turgenev and Tyutchev, Tolstoy and Nekrasov, Lermontov and Pushkin, Polenov and Chekhov, and that the village of Aksakovo can be only a literary monument of local significance, on the balance sheet of a collective farm, district (and even if it’s a region!), then it’s better to immediately stop all talk about it, all correspondence, decisions, resolutions, survey reports, projects and estimates. A long and fruitless history of conversations, projects, decisions, acts and estimates confirms the correctness of this sad conclusion.
Apparently, my trip to Aksakovo could not end without one poignant motif connected with nature. This happened when the train was already moving. I stood at the window in the aisle of the car and looked at the hills and valleys running past. By the way, it was still autumn, the direct and frank breath of winter was still not heard, but the train (long-distance, Karaganda) arrived at the Buguruslan station with snow-covered footboards, and this snow no longer melted. Through the golden autumn lands of the western Orenburg region, we carried on the steps of the train to Moscow the fine corrosive snow of the Karaganda steppes.
Then a fellow passenger stopped next to me near another window. We stood at two different windows, but looked in the same direction.
- Aksakov places! - told me a fellow traveler. - Here he had all the hunting, and all the fishing.
- There was a lot of game, and a different animal, but now it has diminished.
- Animals and game have diminished everywhere. The twentieth century. But do you know what a miracle happened in Aksakov last year?
- Well?
- A pair of swans was wound up on a pond in Aksakov. They arrived in the spring and stayed here to breed chicks. What brought them here? Maybe a distant memory. Has anything been passed on through these... genes? Maybe their ancestors were once here, and the memory of this place woke up in the blood of their descendants. But if they had bred the chicks, then the chicks would have flown here next year as to their homeland. They would definitely come. So, you look, and swans would take root here. They would decorate the pond and in general, so to speak, the landscape. It's a beauty if wild swans swim in the pond! And Aksakov, too, would have had a kind of memory, as a connoisseur and singer of nature.

3. To oblige the director of the Orenburgselkhozproject Institute G. A. Reshetnikov, when drawing up the master plan for the development of the village of Aksakovo (collective farm "Rodina"), to take into account the obligation to preserve the estate of S. T. Aksakov with all its buildings and the park. Not later than July with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to establish the boundaries of the writer's estate and a buffer zone.
Payment for the cost of design estimates and repair work on the house-museum, the installation of monuments and tombstones of S. T. Aksakov's parents is to be made at the expense of the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.
4. To oblige the oblremstroytrest (comrade Chekmarev S.S.) during 1971 to carry out major work to create a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo. The regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to conclude an agreement with the regional construction trust for the production of restoration work and provide them with funding.
5. To oblige the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (comrade Bochagov A.K.) by July 15, 1971, to conclude an agreement with the Rodina collective farm for the protection of the premises that were transferred to it for use for economic purposes.
6. Oblige the Buguruslan District Executive Committee (comrade Proskurin V.D.):
a) no later than July d. to resolve the issue of vacating one house occupied by the boarding school in order to create a museum of the writer in it;
b) to ensure the safety of all the buildings left in the writer's estate, transferred to the collective farm "Rodina";
c) improve access roads to the village. Aksakovo.
7. To oblige the regional department of culture (comrade A. V. Solovyov) to enter the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR with a request to open a branch of the museum of S. T. Aksakov.
8. To oblige the regional council for tourism (comrade Pustovalov M.F.) to develop the Aksakovo excursion route by 1972, to consider the creation of a tourist base in the village. Aksakovo and together with the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments to publish a guide to Aksakov places.
9. To oblige the regional consumer union (comrade of Serbia G.P.) to resolve the issue of construction in 1972 in the village. Aksakovo canteen for 25 - 30 seats and provide in the plan for the supply for sale to the population of the village of Aksakovo 20 - 30 prefabricated houses.
10. To oblige the regional forestry department (comrade Nechaev N.A.) in 1971 to carry out the necessary repair work in the park with. Aksakovo.
11. To ask the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Nature (comrade Vlasyuk A.E.) to take under protection the park in the Aksakov estate.
12. To instruct the Orenburg branch of the Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz (t. Tafintsev A. G.) to draw up design estimates for the restoration of the pond in the park in 1971 at the expense of the limits of the regional water management.
13. Oblige the regional department of melioration and water management (comrade Bomov P.I.) to carry out all the restoration work of the pond in the park.
14. Ask the Committee on Press Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to reprint the works of S. T. Aksakov.
15. To ask the regional committee of the Komsomol (comrade Zelepukhin A. G.) for the period of restoration work in the village. Aksakovo to allocate a student detachment of builders.
16. To oblige the regional department of culture (comrade Soloviev A.V.) and the regional branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (comrade Bochagov A.K.) to monitor the implementation of work on the creation of a memorial complex in the village. Aksakovo, the equipment of the house-museum, as well as jointly resolve the issue of allocating a staff unit of a museum employee for the period of its repair and organization.
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies.
A. Balandin
Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Workers' Deputies
A. Karpunkov
That's right: head. protocol part
3. Chaplygin".
Sent to: Orenburgselkhozproekt, regional repair building, regional council for tourism, regional consumer union, regional municipal administration, regional department of melioration and water management, regional department of culture, Society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, regional department for nature protection, regional committee of the Komsomol, regional department of press, regional department for construction and architecture, t Chernysheva, Regional Plan, Regional Federal District, Regional Committee of the CPSU, Regional Prosecutor Comrade. Vlasyuk, the Buguruslan regional executive committee, the collective farm "Rodina" of the Buguruslan region, the Buguruslan city committee of the CPSU comrade. Karpets, Orenburg branch of Sredvolgovodgiprovodkhoz.
After all that has been said, it is not difficult to assume what I found and saw in Aksakov.
In Buguruslan, that is, in the district, I was treated well and attentively, truly as a Moscow guest, and even with a document from the Literary Gazette. However, the Buguruslan impressions are out of place here, because it would no longer be an Aksakov theme, or, more precisely, not an Aksakov theme in its pure form. Therefore, I will only say that I was given a car for a trip to Aksakovo, as well as fellow travelers: one person from the district executive committee, one from the local newspaper and another person, I now don’t remember from which organization. In a word, the "jeep" of the new model was packed, and we drove off.
On this day, the session of the district executive committee was held, and the chairman of the collective farm "Rodina" I. A. Markov was supposed to be present at it. And we had to wait for him in Aksakovo, he promised to arrive no later than two in the afternoon, that is, for dinner. So, until two we could get acquainted with the object on our own. However, they thought that this was the first time I was in Aksakovo. But I had already lived in Buguruslan for three days before they gave me a car. And as if I could sit quietly for three days in a hotel! Meanwhile, the very next day, one private clerk took me to Aksakov for a fiver, drove me around the village, waited while I walked around and asked questions, and brought me back to Buguruslan.
But our current trip was distinguished not only by, so to speak, legality and officiality, but also by the fact that we were going to come to Aksakovo from the other end of the Buguruslan region, make a big circle to get to the old Ufa road, and along it, as it were, repeat the multiple road Aksakov himself from Ufa to his native village.
It turned out to be a wonderful day, as if by order - quiet, sunny, rare for the end of October in these places. Two tones prevailed around us: blue and gold. Blue was the clear sky, and golden were the hills that stretched out under the sky, and even the sun, large and sharply outlined in the deep blue. Of course, sometimes the hills were reddish, which is typical for these places, sometimes, among the autumn goldness, the rectangles of plowed black soil shone brightly and velvety, of course, the forests on the hills and in the hollows between the hills had already lost most of their foliage and were now blackish, except for oak groves, but still copper-red, cast and chased. But even the black leafless forests turned golden under the clear autumn sun. There was also a different diversity: fields and villages, roads, poles on the sides of the road, oil rigs here and there. But still, now, when I want to remember the picturesque state of that day, I see two main, predominant tones - blue and gold.
The road all the time led us through a sharply broken landscape: from a hill to a deep ravine, obliquely along a slope, from a deep hollow to a hill. Finally, from a rounded height, we saw below, truly at a glance or as if on a tray, a large village, in the general picture of which stood out even rows of new standard houses under slate, built, apparently, quite recently. There were several dozen of them here, and, I remember, I immediately noted to myself, knowing the approximate price of each such house, that the Rodina collective farm was not at all a poor collective farm, and I had to link what I saw with the lines from the original letter, which, as they say, invited on a business trip. “A document was drawn up for cleaning up the pond, and the Rodina collective farm asked to take into account the need for a watering place for four thousand head of cattle, as well as the possible organization of a profitable fish farm. The cost of all these works was expressed in the amount of up to one million rubles. Such money, of course, it did not turn out, and the collective farm itself flatly refused even to share participation, referring to the weakness of its economy.
But first I must say that at the first glance at Aksakovo from a high mountain, I felt that something was missing here and that this view was somehow unusual. Of course, until now I have seen the village from this high place only in pictures reproduced sometimes in Aksakov's books or in books about him. The look had become accustomed to the sight of the village, and now something was missing from the familiar look. It's the same as if the view of Moscow, and suddenly - there is no Kremlin. In place of the Kremlin, there is empty space and small nondescript buildings. Involuntarily, you will notice with your eyes in search of the familiar, settled.
Near the village of Aksakov in the previous pictures there was an organizing center - a white church in the middle, in front of it was a square, and then the Aksakov house with buildings with the letter "P". The rest of the village was located around this, so to speak, architectural ancient complex. Well, and since I have not seen the church now and cannot see it, and two shops and a canteen and an oblong barrack-type collective farm House of Culture have been built on the square, the general picture of the village of Aksakova crumbled for me into a flat, architecturally unorganized cluster of houses.
We arrived earlier than expected by my escorts. There were at least three hours left before the chairman's return from the session, which we used to inspect what is called in the papers the memorial complex of the Aksakov estate. We started, of course, from the house, or rather, from the place where the house stood fifteen years ago. Well, a school is like a school. We were guided along it by the head teacher Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko. Tables, blackboards, corridors - everything is as it should be in a new school. Is it possible to object to the school, and even such a good and new one? But still, but still, why "instead of" and not "together"? Moreover, it was during this excursion that Andrei Pavlovich told that it was unreasonable to build a school on the old foundation, that the rectangle of the old foundation limited the dimensions of the school and its interior is now cramped. But the windows of the school look in the same direction and the same view of the area opens from them, which was opened to the eyes of Serezha Aksakov one hundred and seventy years ago. Because of this alone, it was necessary to walk around the school and look through its windows at the former park, at the river and further, at the bare reddish Belyaevskaya mountain.
A public garden was set up in front of the school, and a specialist from Yerevan was invited to set it up. He succeeded in giving the area in front of the school that dull official look that the areas usually have in front of the offices of factories, bus stations or factory canteens. Only instead of the Board of Honor, which was indispensable in those cases, there were three tombstones made of polished granite in the middle of the square.
As we remember, these tombstones appeared more than once in various papers that we copied into this article, and, naturally, we stopped near them. All three of them were about the same forums. Well, how would you give an idea about them ... Well, three sort of caskets on stone supports, that is, more horizontal and oblong than vertical. Letters are engraved on the front walls. A. S. Popov, a researcher at the regional museum, could not read all the inscriptions, but now we have read them all the same. Apparently, the letters, all hackneyed, crumbled, managed to be updated and clarified a little. These were tombstones from the graves of the writer's father - Timofey Sergeevich, mother - Maria Nikolaevna and brother - Arkady Timofeevich. The tombstones were arranged in a row, one next to the other, in the middle of the square in front of the school, where, according to the usual layout, one could expect a Board of Honor. I immediately asked Andrei Pavlovich Tovpeko to show me the location of the graves themselves. According to A. S. Popov, in 1968, "on the site of the church, which was built by the father of Sergei Timofeevich in the late 18th - early 19th centuries, there was a pile of rubble and debris and three tombstones lay next to them." It is obvious that they were talking about them, these tombstones, it is obvious that the graves were located near the church, which Andrey Pavlovich Tovpeko confirmed to us.
- Near the church there was a small chapel, and under it - a crypt. The parents of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov were buried there. Let's go to the square, I'll show you this place.
We came to a flat, paved area, lined on four sides with low, sand-lime brick buildings of two shops, a canteen, and the collective farm House of Culture. There was no rubble, no debris. As well as the signs of the Church of the Sign that once stood on this square. Only at the entrance to the House of Culture, instead of a threshold, there was a large semi-circular flat stone, which was in no way combined with silicate brick and slate and was, obviously, a detail of an old church building. Perhaps he was in front of the entrance to the altar. Stepping on it, we went to the House of Culture and found ourselves in small white-blue low rooms, cells, heated to a stupefying stuffiness. In one cell there was a collective-farm thin library. We asked the girl librarian what books by Aksakov she kept. The girl, embarrassed, replied that they did not have a single book by Aksakov.
- That is, like none? So, none? At least a cheap edition?
- None.
Behind the wall there was some kind of loud conversation, more like a radio. It turned out that the main and most part of the House of Culture is a cinema hall and that now there is an afternoon screening. We dropped by for five minutes. A foreign spy ran away from our scouts, either jumping out of the train on the move, then jumping back into the train. Cars rushed by, barriers were lowered, policemen were talking on the radio. In a word, it was clear that the spy was not going anywhere.
But still, I wanted to more accurately establish the location of the crypt, and Andrei Pavlovich led me to a flat paved area between the House of Culture, two shops and a canteen to a small rectangular hatch.
- This is where the tomb was.
I looked into the hole and saw that the top of it had recently been cemented. There was nothing to be seen further down.
- Well, yes, exactly, - Tovpeko repeated, looking around. - Here stood a church, here was a porch, here is a chapel, and this is a crypt.
- But why, if the church and the chapel are broken, did they leave this hole in the middle of the square? For what?
- Adapted. In theory, they were going to hold water there. Fire prevention measures. Storage tank. The chairman will even tell you that they dug and built this reservoir on purpose. But where have you seen such tanks in at least one village or city? The crypt was adapted. And since there is never any water in it and, thank God, there have not been fires in Aksakov since its very foundation, the stores, in turn, adapted this hatch for garbage.
- Can't be! I will not believe. Now we will ask.
A woman walked by - a collective farmer in her fifties. I turned to her and began to ask where the church was, where the chapel, where the porch. The woman answered and showed up to a meter.
- And this? I pointed to the hole.
- Here they were buried. Mother father. Now near the school... Stones... maybe they saw...
Why is this hole?
- Garbage is thrown out of shops.
My idea of ​​the park as a huge tangled washcloth coincided with amazing accuracy. Only a few ancient kurguz lindens created a semblance of an alley in one place. The rest of the space was filled with overgrown shrubs, flavored with tall herbaceous plants, now withered and thorny.
Tovpeko tried to explain to me where there were fish tanks, where there was an arbor, where there was a park pond in which (as if!) Swans swam, but it was impossible to imagine any of this now. From the park, pushing our way through the bushes and thorns, we came to the mill pond, already covered with ice. There were a lot of stones and sticks thrown on the ice. We, too, used to throw the boys casually, who will slip further and roll away. They also showed me the place where the Aksakovs' mill, which burned down nine years ago, stood.
Now we had to look at what was nevertheless done to perpetuate the memory of the writer. Well, we have already talked about the square and the three tombstones placed there in a row. At the very beginning of the square, a monument to Sergei Timofeevich was erected in 1971 (one hundred and eighty years since his birth). A large and heavy bust, resting on an even heavier pedestal, or rather, on a rough rectangular concrete ingot. If the square was entrusted to a specialist from Yerevan, then the monument was commissioned for some reason in Georgia and installed (there is a detailed story about this by Tamara Alexandrovna Lazareva) hastily, at night, in cold rain, with muddy ground and a piercing wind. But be that as it may, the monument stands in the park.
To the side of the square, in the surviving auxiliary building, repaired and covered with slate, there is a school dormitory. They took one room from this hostel, with an area of ​​​​fifteen meters, and turned this room into a museum of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. Dear girl Galya, a Bashkir by nationality, is the only staff member of this museum. She carefully hung on the walls of the room photographs (copies of copies), blurry and grainy, sent here from the museum near Moscow in Abramtsevo. The writer's parents View of the house. Type of mill. View of the village. Rephotographed title pages of some books by Sergei Timofeevich. Nothing, of course. I was especially touched by one Galina invention. She folded white sheets of paper so that they looked like the spines of a book, and wrote on these "roots": Turgenev, Gogol, Tolstoy ... That is, she imitated the books of writers with whom Aksakov was close in life. She arranged these "roots" as if on a bookshelf.
As far as I understand, there is a struggle going on (from whom with whom?) to take away from the school dormitory for a museum, if not all this side building, then at least one more room. Then Galya will have the opportunity to hang another dozen or two photographs.
...Meanwhile, the chairman of the "Rodina" collective farm, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov, was about to arrive from the session of the district executive committee. Frankly, I was looking forward to this meeting with great interest. I wanted to look at the man who personally broke Aksakov's house. In the district, he was given the most flattering description. Great host. Fulfills all plans. Delivers products promptly. Builds new houses for collective farmers. He gave the new house built for the office of the collective farm to the hospital. Twice awarded orders - the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. Holds a challenge Red Banner. Lots of awards and honors.
All this somehow did not fit one with the other: a wonderful person - and suddenly he broke Aksakov's house. And the crypt adapted for the tank? And what about the burnt-out mill and the neglected pond? And the overgrown park, and the collective farm library, in which there is not a single book by Aksakov?
As a starting point in assessing this event (the liquidation of Aksakov's house), I took one speculative assumption. Only a person who had never read Aksakov could raise his hand against Aksakov's house. It cannot be that a person who has read the "Family Chronicle" and "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson", involuntarily got used to that era, got to know the heroes of these books, that is, with the inhabitants of the Aksakov house, empathized with Seryozha all the joys of his childhood, who looked with his eyes at the surroundings, at the nature around, in short, it cannot be that a person who has read, and therefore fell in love with Aksakov, could raise his hand and break the writer’s real (genuine!) house.
How close is the elbow! Fifteen years ago, the original house was intact and could still be repaired. And now I have to apply to Abramtsevo - whether they will send at least a photograph of the house or memories of it and verbal descriptions. And everything depended on the will of one person, and this person showed an unkind will towards the house, and the house was pulled by tractors over a log. Does this mean that this man did not read Aksakov and acted out of blindness, not knowing what he was doing? That was my speculative premise.
Imagine my surprise when, during the conversation, Ivan Alexandrovich began to pour out quotations from the Family Chronicle, from Notes on Fishing, from Notes of a Rifle Hunter. But first, of course, we greeted each other, got to know each other, when the chairman got out of the car and, smiling, walked towards us, who were standing and waiting for him on the square near the store. It was already four o'clock in the afternoon, we had not eaten anything since the morning, so the chairman, like a really good host, immediately turned to the question of dinner. Dinner, it turned out, was already waiting for us at the house of the secretary of the party organization. Moreover, the lunch is hot (fatty fiery cabbage soup with pork), as well as with a "light" - with a snack invented and existing in those places. They pass horseradish, garlic and ripe tomatoes through a meat grinder in equal amounts. It turns out liquid spicy food, nicknamed "light". It is served on the table in a bowl and eaten with spoons. Behind the cabbage soup, behind this "light", the conversation flowed like a river. It was then that the erudition of Ivan Alexandrovich Markov came to light. However, he deftly evaded direct answers and my direct questions.
- Yes, they allocated funds, but then they did not find it possible ...
- Yes, there was roofing iron, but then they did not find it possible ...
- The house was in disrepair. He had an attic and the upper floor filled with snow, and then the snow melted ... You understand ... The kids climb, how long before trouble. A heavy beam would break...
“Wouldn’t it have been possible to insert glass so that the floor would not be filled with snow? ..
- Then they didn’t find it possible ... Why are you all with this house, yes, house? You better look at what kind of school we built on this place!
The chairman was a man of about fifty, reddish, with a reddish, freckled face, well-fed and even slightly self-satisfied. Things are going well, the authorities praise, they give orders and diplomas ... But why are they all sticking with this Aksakov? Well, the landlords lived in a bar, pray, or what, now on them? These tourists too ... go in large groups in the summer, they have nothing to do ... They should all go to the collective farm, dig potatoes ...
I attributed such rude thoughts to the chairman in the first half hour of our acquaintance, trying to understand his psychology and the motives of his behavior. But of course, when he himself began to scribble whole periods from the "Family Chronicle" by heart, I had to change my mind. The more mysterious for me, let's say, to put it mildly, the indifference of this village owner to Aksakov's memorable places, to all this, using the language of documents, the memorial complex. Already the cabbage soup was eaten, and the "light", but I still did not understand anything about the motives and actions of this person.
My conclusion is that there is no riddle here and that the chairman of the collective farm is by no means an intruder, but a really good owner and, probably, a good person. I do not categorically affirm this only because our acquaintance was too brief and I did not have time to get to know this person wider, deeper, more thoroughly for a more categorical statement of his human and spiritual qualities. Let's say that he is even a very good person.
But he is the chairman of the collective farm with all the ensuing consequences, and not at all an enthusiastic local historian, not a guardian of antiquity, not the chairman of the local Society for the Protection of Architectural Monuments, not a museum worker. The chairman of a collective farm is not obliged to have broad, enlightened views on national culture, literature in particular, especially when it comes to the past of our culture and literature. The potato digger does not have to plant flowers at the same time. This is not her function. It is not designed for this purpose. And if she had been adapted, she probably would have done her main job poorly.
Again, I do not want to offend the huge army of collective farm chairmen, conscientious and diligent workers, who, by the way, are becoming more cultured and educated. Simply - other functions. The collective farm receives phone calls and papers demanding indicators and figures (and hence, agricultural products), the chairman, in response to these demands, gives indicators and figures. Such a concept as a memorial complex does not fit into these two oncoming flows. He has nowhere to fit in. And since the fulfillment of indicators and figures requires the daily tension of both ordinary collective farmers and the chairman himself, since this tension leaves no “backlash” for doing side affairs like putting in order a park, a pond, a mill (which can now only carry a decorative function) Naturally, the chairman perceives these side affairs only as an unfortunate hindrance and distraction from the main daily and urgent collective farm affairs.
In order to confirm the correctness of this conclusion, we take the idea to the extreme and use the mathematical method of proving by contradiction. There is such a method in mathematics for proving theorems. For example, when they want to prove the equality of two angles, they say: "Suppose that the angles are not equal, then ..." Then it turns out to be absurd and it immediately becomes obvious that these angles are equal. I'm simplifying, but basically true. So proof by contradiction. The question is: can Yasnaya Polyana be transferred to the maintenance of the nearby collective farm? Mikhailovskoye? Tarkhany? Muranovo? Spasskoye-Lutovinovo? And what would happen if the entire memorial complex of Tolstoy's Yasnaya Polyana were transferred to the jurisdiction and, so to speak, to the balance of the local collective farm? After all, besides the park, there is a genuine Tolstoy's house. Library, old furniture, mirrors, parquet floors, piano, paintings, fresh flowers in the house, authentic Tolstoy items. All of this needs to be kept safe. This requires a whole staff of employees, watchmen, stokers, floor polishers, fat experts, guides and gardeners.
Suppose further that the collective farm would have strained and would have done everything there in Aksakov. He would find the one million rubles indicated in the project estimate (or let them give him this money in the region), and he would build a house again, put the park and pond in order, and restore the mill. So what is next? Without a whole staff of employees, specialists in museum business, everything would again very quickly overgrow, deteriorate, lose its decent appearance, and become unusable. Without the daily and attentive maintenance of the memorial complex, which, in turn, requires daily material costs, the matter could not have been done.
Let's agree that it is not the business of the collective farm at all - to maintain a large and troublesome memorial and literary complex on a daily basis. Then it will be possible to understand the almost instinctive desire of the chairman of the collective farm to shove off the Aksakov affairs imposed on him and to get rid of them as radically and permanently as possible. As a person who read Aksakov, Ivan Alexandrovich Markov can be condemned for this, as the chairman of a collective farm - hardly.
Thus, if we want to preserve, and now actually restore the Aksakov complex, we need to put the matter on a state, all-Union basis. We need to put this memorial complex on a par with those mentioned: Yasnaya Polyana, Tarkhanami, Spassky-Lutovinov, Muranov, Mikhailovsky. You can add here Karabikha, Polenovo, or at least the same Abramtsevo near Moscow.
This is where they can say: "There is already one Aksakov complex in Abramtsevo. Isn't it enough?"
But, firstly, because we have three Chekhov memorial complexes, no one is suffering yet. House-Museum in Moscow, House-Museum in Yalta and House-Museum in Melikhovo.
Secondly, Abramtsevo is already more mammoth (Vasnetsov, Vrubel, Serov, Polenov, Korovin) complex than pure Aksakov.
Thirdly, the most important. Abramtsevo is located near Moscow, where there are many other museum, tourist, and guide places nearby. In Buguruslan, in the Orenburg steppes, the Aksakov complex would be one for five hundred kilometers around as the only and necessary for those places a reference center of culture, attracting both school excursions and free tourist groups, combining elements of both education and education of love for native nature (education of patriotism), and even recreation. I am opposed to the construction of camp sites near literary memorable places, but there, in the Orenburg remoteness and, so to speak, without a museum, one could even go to the organization of a tourist base, especially since a beautiful pond, if it was cleaned, and the Buguruslan river itself, and a park, put in order, and the surrounding copses would be conducive to health and at the same time cultural recreation.
If, however, we believe that Aksakov as a writer, as a literary and historical phenomenon, is not worthy that his memorable place be put on a par with the memorial places of Turgenev and Tyutchev, Tolstoy and Nekrasov, Lermontov and Pushkin, Polenov and Chekhov, and that the village of Aksakovo can be only a literary monument of local significance, on the balance sheet of a collective farm, district (and even if it’s a region!), then it’s better to immediately stop all talk about it, all correspondence, decisions, resolutions, survey reports, projects and estimates. A long and fruitless history of conversations, projects, decisions, acts and estimates confirms the correctness of this sad conclusion.
Apparently, my trip to Aksakovo could not end without one poignant motif connected with nature. This happened when the train was already moving. I stood at the window in the aisle of the car and looked at the hills and valleys running past. By the way, it was still autumn, the direct and frank breath of winter was still not heard, but the train (long-distance, Karaganda) arrived at the Buguruslan station with snow-covered footboards, and this snow no longer melted. Through the golden autumn lands of the western Orenburg region, we carried on the steps of the train to Moscow the fine corrosive snow of the Karaganda steppes.
Then a fellow passenger stopped next to me near another window. We stood at two different windows, but looked in the same direction.
- Aksakov places! - told me a fellow traveler. - Here he had all the hunting, and all the fishing.
- There was a lot of game, and a different animal, but now it has diminished.
- Animals and game have diminished everywhere. The twentieth century. But do you know what a miracle happened in Aksakov last year?
- Well?
- A pair of swans was wound up on a pond in Aksakov. They arrived in the spring and stayed here to breed chicks. What brought them here? Maybe a distant memory. Has anything been passed on through these... genes? Maybe their ancestors were once here, and the memory of this place woke up in the blood of their descendants. But if they had bred the chicks, then the chicks would have flown here next year as to their homeland. They would definitely come. So, you look, and swans would take root here. They would decorate the pond and in general, so to speak, the landscape. It's a beauty if wild swans swim in the pond! And Aksakov, too, would have had a kind of memory, as a connoisseur and singer of nature.

gives epithets?

Of course, sometimes the hills were reddish, which is typical for these places, sometimes, among the autumn goldness, the rectangles of plowed black soil shone brightly and velvety, of course, the forests on the hills and in the hollows between the hills had already lost most of their foliage and were now blackish, except for oak groves, but still copper-red, cast and chased. But even the black leafless forests turned golden under the clear autumn sun. There was also a different diversity: fields and villages, roads, poles on the sides of the road, oil rigs here and there. But still, now, when I want to remember the picturesque state of that day, I see two main, predominant tones - blue and gold.

The road all the time led us through a sharply broken landscape: from a hill to a deep ravine, obliquely along a slope, from a deep hollow to a hill. Finally, from a rounded height, we saw below, truly at a glance or as if on a tray, a large village, in the general picture of which stood out even rows of new standard houses under slate, built, apparently, quite recently.

It turned out to be a wonderful day, as if by order - quiet, sunny, rare for the end of October in these places. Two tones prevailed around us: blue and gold. Blue was the clear sky, and golden were the hills that stretched out under the sky, and even the sun, large and sharply outlined in the deep blue. Of course, sometimes the hills were reddish, which is typical for these places, sometimes, among the autumn goldness, the rectangles of plowed black soil shone brightly and velvety, of course, the forests on the hills and in the hollows between the hills had already lost most of their foliage and were now blackish, except for oak groves, but still copper-red, cast and chased. But even the black leafless forests turned golden under the clear autumn sun. There was also a different diversity: fields and villages, roads, poles on the sides of the road, oil rigs here and there. But still, now, when I want to remember the picturesque state of that day, I see two main, predominant tones - blue and gold.

Lesson topic: “Repetition and generalization of the material for the year. Comparison, metaphor, personification. General and excellent"

Lesson Objectives:

1. Improve spelling skills;

2. Repeat ways of connecting words in phrases; morphemic analysis of words and syntactic analysis of a complex sentence;

3.Summarize the material on the topic “Comparison. Metaphor. Personification";

4. Perform control exercises.

Equipment:

1. Cards with an individual task;

2. Handout "Varieties of literary tropes", "Training exercises", "Texts for control";

3.Algorithm "Distinguish: comparison, metaphor, personification"

During the classes

I. Vocabulary dictation.

Fadeless, made up, contact, hopeless, four-story, adjutant, gallop, like a human, from side to side, due to bad weather, silver, as if he hates, ridiculous, cheap, citrus, glassy, ​​on tiptoe, spread out, run around the stadium, light up, gigantic, grow, crouch, occasionally.

Tasks for the dictation:

1. Make a morphemic analysis of words: unfading, contact, spread, giant, occasionally;

2. Compose phrases with different types communications (with control, connection, coordination)

II. Work on cards at the blackboard.

Card #1

1. Write off, insert missing letters, open brackets, arrange and explain punctuation marks. Make a syntactic analysis of the last sentence.

It turned out to be a wonderful day as (by order) quiet sunny rare ... for the end of October .. brea in these m..stakh. Ex .. had two tones (in) a circle of blue and s..l..tisty. Blue was the clear sky and the ..l..muddy hills of the river ..thrown under the sky and even ... with ... not big and (sharply) outlined ... in a thick blue.

Card #2

1. Write off, insert missing letters, open brackets, arrange and explain punctuation marks. Write out examples for all types of connection of words in a phrase.

Of course, sometimes h..lms were kr..quite that x..typically for ... cheap places sometimes in the middle of autumn ... it’s ... bright and velvety ... but black ... the (rect) angles of plowing ... wow (black) earth, of course, the forests on h ... lmah and in the hollows between the hills they already ... drank a large part ... of l ... sts and were now ... blackish except for oak groves ... (still) (copper) red l ... ty and check ... s.

III. Copy from the board, insert missing letters, open brackets, put and explain punctuation marks.

1. (Not) far from the hill, a small ... small speech ... ka r ... slipped into a puddle of g ... hot rays and r ... rock ... th soil ... greedily drank ... waking it off ... mali she had strength, but a little further she probably sl ... it was with another such (same) river ... because (because) a hundred steps from the hill along its course, a thick lush sedge was lazy, from which, when a brich drove up ... three b ... kasa flew out with a cry. 2. The song is quiet t ... goo ... I’m mournful and similar to crying ... and barely audible ... I heard it (from) left, then (c) from above, then from (under) (Z, h) the earth just above the steppe n ... hovering ( not)visible spirit and sang.

Exercise: Option I parses the first sentence, Option II parses the second sentence.

IV. Checking work on cards.

V. Stylistics.

1. Using the table "Varieties of literary tropes", define comparison, metaphor, personification.

Comparison - a figurative definition of an object, concept or phenomenon by comparing it with another; necessarily contains two elements: that which is compared, and that with which it is compared; expressed with the help of words: as, as if, as if, exactly, similar to ...

Metaphor - the use of a word or expression denoting an object, phenomenon, action, sign, for the figurative name of another object, phenomenon, action, sign, according to the principle of their similarity.

Personification - reception artistic image, consisting in the fact that animals, inanimate objects, natural phenomena are endowed with human abilities and properties: the gift of speech, feelings and thoughts.

2. Find these paths in the written sentences (metaphor: the river was spreading; rays and soil, drinking it, took away strength; comparison: a song similar to crying, as if an unknown spirit was rushing and singing).

3. Refer to the handouts "Training exercises".

Task by options: verbally comment on the use of tropes in these examples (I variant - 1-5 example, II variant - 6-10 example). Write out sentences in which comparisons are used with different conjunctions.

VI. Summing up the lesson.

VII. Homework: exercise No. 503 (select all the paths you know)

Didactic material for the lesson

Training exercises

Comparison

1. The accurate and figurative Russian language is especially rich in proverbs. There are thousands, tens of thousands! As on wings they fly from century to century, from one generation to another, and the boundless distance where this winged wisdom directs its flight is not visible. (M. Sholokhov)

2. Many Russian words themselves radiate poetry,similar togemstones radiate a mysterious brilliance.(K. Paustovsky)

3. Approaching the porch, he noticed two faces looking out of the window almost at the same time: female, in a cap, narrow, long like a cucumber and male, round, widelike Moldovan pumpkins, called gourds, from which balalaikas are made in Rus', two-string light balalaikas, the beauty and fun of a grasping twenty-year-old guy ... (N. Gogol)

4. He walked, staggering and carefully leaning against the wall. The girl was walking like an arrow hastily and timidly, as all the girls generally go who do not want someone to volunteer to accompany them home at night.(F. Dostoevsky)

5. It burned so brightly like the sun and brighter than the sun , and the whole forest fell silent, illuminated by this torch of great love for people, and the darkness scattered from its light and there, deep in the forest, trembling, fell into the rotten mouth of the swamp. (M. Gorky)

6. The root crop sows at an amble, the front lean horses, snorting, rush at a gallop, clods of snow hit the front, and near the sleigh quickly, quickly, like a snake the long whip of the coachman twists. (I. Bunin)

7. By lunchtime, a sunny day finally breaks out. Drops fall from the porch canopy.Like ivory, polished bumps of the road shine on the rustic pasture. (I. Bunin)

8. And now, in the narration, which began with an accident, thoughts arise, difficult fate of people. And the writer is no longer able to cope with his excitement. He, like dickens , crying over the pages of his manuscript, groaning in pain, like Flaubert, or laughing like Gogol. (K. Paustovsky)

9. Again over the Kulikov field

The darkness has risen and dispersed,

AND, like a harsh cloud

The coming day is clouded.

(A. Blok)

10. People, years and nations

Run away forever

Like flowing water.

(V. Khlebnikov)

11. Above me is an air vault,

Like blue glass.

(A. Akhmatova)

4. Task: write down two sentences with metaphors in which, in your opinion, a particularly vivid image is created. Comment.

Training exercises

Metaphor

1. When you go out into the field and the wind treblet ears of wheat seem to be the world plunged into silence, all other sounds disappeared, and this song of the wind caresses ear so that you look around and understand what silence is around. (E.Leonov)

2. I looked at the maple and saw how carefully separated from a red leaf branch, startled , for a moment has stopped in the air and began to fall obliquely at my feet, rustling and swaying. (K. Paustovsky)

3 A writer is often surprised when some long and completely forgotten incident or some detail suddenly bloom in his memory just when they are needed for work. (K. Paustovsky)

4. The train is running fast among the flat snowy fields, the car is illuminated by the morning sun. White smoke billowing floats in front of the windows, smoothlyfalls and creepson the snow near the road, and on the wagon walk wide shadows. The light of the sun from this then seems to fade, then again bursts into the windows bright, amber stripes. (I. Bunin)

5. Meanwhile, a short day is burning out; got up purple clouds from the west, the sun gone into them, and comes quiet winter evening. (I. Bunin)

6. Ashes at times overcame me, choked the flame but I fought him, and romance, stubbornly resisting, yet died . (According to M. Bulgakov)

7. In the garden red rowan bonfire burns,

But he cannot warm anyone.

(S. Yesenin)

8. Through the wavy mists the moon is creeping

It pours on sad glades she is a sad light.

(A. Pushkin)

9. A golden cloud spent the night

On the chest of a giant cliff,

On her way in the morning rushed off early

Fun on the blue playing .

(M. Lermontov)

10. And, having removed the former wreath, they are the crown of thorns,

Wreathed in laurels, put on him,

But secret needles are harsh

A glorious brow was stinged.

(M. Lermontov)

11. Will burn out with a golden flame

Candle made of body wax

And the moon clock is wooden

croak my twelfth hour.

(S. Yesenin)

5.Task:

1. Write out a sentence in which there is both personification and comparison.

2. Write out a sentence in which personification is a separate circumstance.

Training exercises

personification

1 .The old house had its own character. Some tenants house loved, others, not so much. Sometimeshe was in good mood, slamming doors merrily, jingling festively, whistling through all the cracks, and even in the darkest corners let out sunbeams ... Sometimesthe house was angry or bored.(V.Krapivin)

2. But finally, when the sun began to descend to the west, the steppe, hills and air could not withstand the oppression and, having exhausted their patience, exhausted, tried to throw off the yoke.An ash-gray curly cloud suddenly appeared from behind the hills. It looked at each other with the steppe - I, they say, is ready - and frowned. (A.Chekhov)

3. Suddenly, something broke in the stagnant air, the wind blew violently and whirled around the steppe with noise, with a whistle. Immediately grass and last year's weeds raised a murmur , on the road dust spiraled, ran across the steppe… (A. Chekhov)

4. Pinwheel all the timespinning like a fidget, snooping, murmur, mutter, rings and foams near each stone or fallen birch trunk,sings softly, talks to herself, whispers and carriescartilaginous bottom very clear water. (K. Paustovsky)

5. Vasya fell silent, only the violin spoke, the violin sang, the violin faded away.Her voice became quieter, quieter, it stretched out in the dark with a thin, light cobweb. The web trembled, swayed, and almost soundlessly broke off. (V. Astafiev)

6.Rain persistently jumped up and down the window, dancing on window sill zinc, spray looking into the room, persuading throw the body over the ledge, plunge into the night dampness ... (D. Gromov, O. Ladyzhensky)

7. A strange tulip, resembling parchment covered in fresh blood, leaned towards me from a vase andtried to read what was written. I covered

words with the palm of his hand, smiled and tickled the curious flower with the tip of his pen. Heswayed offendedlyon an elastic stem and closed the petals. Tulip cold, as I. (D. Gromov, O. Ladyzhensky)

8. A cloud stretches to the homeland,

So that just cry for her.

(A. Fet)

9. And blossoming brushes of bird cherry

Washed the frames of transoms with leaves.

(B.Pasternak)

10. About the red eveningthought the road,

Bushes of rowan hazy depths,

Hut-old woman jaw threshold

Chews the odorous crumb of silence.

(S. Yesenin)

6. Draw conclusions: what unites and what distinguishes comparison, metaphor and personification?

These pictorial means are united by the fact that they contain a juxtaposition, explicit or implicit.

Distinctive features of these trails:

in comparison, there are two elements of comparison - what is being compared, and what is being compared;

in the metaphor there is only the second part of the comparison (what is being compared with);

personification is a special kind of metaphor, the comparison occurs only with human abilities and properties.

7. Work on texts for control.

In the texts (on leaflets), underline the comparison, metaphor, personification. In the margins, next to the numbers, indicate the path (s - comparison, m - metaphor, o - personification)

Texts for control

1 . None of us would wish for life's trials: they make us suffer. Unhappiness invades our lives, devastating it, depriving it of meaning. Betrayal of a friend loved one, a terrorist attack, the death of someone who is dear to you ... All these are tests that not only hurt, but jeopardize the foundations of our existence ... (According to Yu. Puchkova, Zh. Sergeeva)

2 Apparently, it was not easy to keep these qualities in the heart even in Pushkin's times. What to say about ours? Sometimes we, like Cinderella in an old movie, want to exclaim: “ Good people, where are you?" (D.Shevarov)

3 .If there were no living roses, Konstantin Alekseevich bought paper roses and they came to life on his canvas. Roses on the window, roses against the sea, roses in moonlit night. (D.Shevarov)

4 .There are holidays in nature. Ice drift. First green. First snow. The first nightingales. And there is a time in the year when the earth puts on the most expensive outfits. (According to V. Peskov)

5 .At such an hour you feel like a birthday person on earth. Heightened hearing catches the distant shadow of a bird, you notice the blue cold of a forest stream, stacks in a clearing, a red mushroom that has not been plucked by anyone. Rowan fire. Silver threads of the web. (According to V. Peskov)

6. Of course, Savrasov remembered: rooks, spring, there is still snow, and the trees woke up. (According to V. Konetsky)

7 The children were crying; (According to K. Akulinin)

8 .I ask you to look at him when he is sitting among his subordinates - you just can’t utter a word out of fear! Pride and nobility, and what does not his face express? Just take a brush and draw: Prometheus, determined Prometheus! He looks out like an eagle, performs smoothly, measuredly. (N.V. Gogol)

9 .But the Russian language is shrinking like shagreen leather, disappearing like water into sand. Why? To find the answer, you need to remember where the language comes from: from communication and reading. (According to I. Kabysh)