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D.S. Likhachev Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage

weaving at the D.S. Likhachev Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage

Orfinskaya O.V. - [#to_traditions] - The history of cutting, part 1

Orfinskaya O.V. - [#to_traditions] - The history of cutting, part 2

The power of fact. Rivers.

Subtitles

General information

Organizational and legal form

Organizational and legal form - Federal State Budgetary Research Institution under the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.

Heritage Institute and Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation

Story

The Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage was established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992.

The Heritage Institute was established to implement the provisions of the UNESCO Convention "On the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and to take effective measures to preserve, improve and develop the historical, cultural and natural environment. In a government decree, the purpose of creation was defined as the scientific support of the state cultural policy and regional programs for the conservation and use of national heritage.

The background of the Heritage Institute is connected with the Soviet fund culture. The personnel base of the institute was made up of specialists who participated in the work of the Council for the Fund's Unique Territories. The basic principles underlying the activities of the institute were developed while working in the Soviet Cultural Fund, in scientific expeditions and research supervised by D.S. Likhachev.

The idea of ​​the fundamental role of heritage in the preservation of the cultural and natural diversity of the country and in its sustainable development is the key to the activities of the institute. From the very beginning, the Heritage Institute has been interested in the methodology and theory of cultural and natural heritage conservation, the development of integrated territorial programs for heritage conservation, the formation of a system of specially protected areas, cartographic support of the heritage protection sphere, and the study of living traditional culture.

After the death of D.S. Likhachev in 1999, the Heritage Institute was named after him.

In 2013, public attention was drawn to the Institute in connection with the personnel changes that took place in it: under pressure from the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the founder of the Institute, Yuri Vedenin, was forced to cede leadership to Pavel Yudin, whose views on the prospects for the development of the institution had previously been sharply criticized. Some experts regarded the replacement of Vedenin with Yudin - “a young man from the United Russia party, - not a scientist, without a degree” - as cynical. The figure of Yudin is also associated with a plan to merge with the Institute of another research institution - which arose much earlier, approved, according to the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation that initiated this process, by the scientific community and representatives of both institutions. However, according to a number of former employees of the RIC, their transfer to the Heritage Institute was forced and absurd. According to the former director of the RIC Kirill Razlogov, the accession of the Institute of Cultural Studies to the Institute cultural heritage due to the fact that “our culture is perceived as a thing belonging to the past. Therefore, the Heritage Institute is very useful, and everything that concerns the present and future is considered by many to be irrelevant and even harmful”; the approval of the scientific community, Razlogov believes, is guaranteed for the merger of institutes, since all its opponents have already been fired. The final decision to merge the two institutions was made on January 23, 2014.

On May 30, 2014, within the framework of the meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the CIS Member States, a decision was signed to give the Heritage Institute the status of the basic organization of the Commonwealth of Independent States member states in the field of world heritage conservation.

Structure and activities

Directorate

• Director of the Heritage Institute - Arseniy Stanislavovich Mironov.
• First Deputy Director - Alexander Vasilyevich Okorokov, Doctor of Historical Sciences.
• Scientific secretary of the Institute - Yuri Alexandrovich Zakunov, candidate of philosophical sciences.

Discussion of the main directions and problems scientific activity institute, discussion and approval of dissertation research by graduate students and applicants, discussion of the results of research work of sectors and centers of the institute at the end of the year.

Council composition:

• Arseniy Stanislavovich Mironov - Director of the Heritage Institute
• Evgeny Vladislavovich Bakhrevsky - Deputy Director, Head of the Center for State Cultural Policy, Candidate of Philological Sciences
• Tatyana Viktorovna Bespalova - Leading Researcher at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Monitoring, Expertise and Analysis of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences
• Pyotr Vladimirovich Boyarsky - Deputy Director of the Heritage Institute, Head of the Center "Marine Arctic Complex Expedition and Marine Heritage of Russia"
• Irina Ivanovna Gorlova - Director of the Southern Branch, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
• Sergei Yuryevich Zhitenev - Advisor to the Director of the Institute, Candidate of Cultural Studies
• Yuri Alexandrovich Zakunov - Academic Secretary, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences
• Kapitolina Antonovna Koksheneva - Head of the Department of State Cultural Policy, Doctor of Philology
• Natalya Vladimirovna Kuzina - Head of Postgraduate Studies Department, Candidate of Philological Sciences
• Alexander Vasilyevich Okorokov - First Deputy Director, Doctor of Historical Sciences
• Tatyana Alexandrovna Parkhomenko - Head of the Department of Cultural Interaction between the State, Religion and Society, Doctor of Historical Sciences
• Vladimir Ivanovich Pluzhnikov - Head of the Department Documentation Heritage and Information Technologies, Ph.D.
• Yuri Stepanovich Putrik - Head of the Department of Sociocultural and Tourism Programs, Doctor of Historical Sciences
• Irina Aleksandrovna Selezneva - Director of the Siberian Branch, Candidate of Historical Sciences
• Dmitry Leonidovich Spivak - Head of the Center for Fundamental Sociocultural and Cultural-Psychological Research, Doctor of Philology
• Evgeny Petrovich Chelyshev - Chief Researcher of the Center fundamental research in the field of culture, academician Russian Academy Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy
• Ekaterina Nikolaevna Shapinskaya - Deputy Head of the Expert and Analytical Center for the Development of Educational Systems in the Sphere of Culture, Doctor of Philosophy
• Tamara Yurievna Yureneva - Leading Researcher, Museum Design Laboratory, Doctor of Historical Sciences

Scientific and practical activities of the Institute

2006

2008

• Russia: imagination of space / space of imagination. International Conference.

2012

• Domestic and world experience in the preservation and use of cultural and natural heritage. International conference as part of events dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Heritage Institute.

Seminar "World Cultural Heritage Sites: Preservation, Use, Promotion". December 2013

Seminar "World Cultural Heritage Sites: Preservation, Use, Promotion". May 2014

Conference " Improvement of the state statistical observation in tourism in Russian FederationJuly 2014

Bibliography

Proceedings of the Heritage Institute

Collective monographs

• Integrated regional programs for the conservation and use of cultural and natural heritage (collective monograph). - M.: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1994.
• Unique territories in the cultural and natural heritage of the regions / Ed. ed. Yu. L. Mazurov. - M.: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1994. - 215 p.
• Vedenin Yu. A., Fierce A. A., Elchaninov A. I., Sveshnikov V.V. Cultural and natural heritage of Russia (Concept and program of a comprehensive atlas). - M.: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1995.
• Comparative analysis of the practice of managing cultural landscapes. - M.: Heritage Institute, 1999.
• Cultural heritage of Russia and tourism (collective monograph). - M.: Heritage Institute, 2005.
• Zamyatin D. N., Zamyatina N. Yu., Mitin I. I. Modeling of images of historical and cultural territory: methodological and theoretical approaches / Otv. ed. D. N. Zamyatin. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2008. - 760 p. - ISBN 978-5-86443-133-7

Monographs

• Lavrenova O. A. Geographical Space in Russian Poetry of the 18th - Early 20th Centuries: Geocultural Aspect. - M.: Heritage Institute, 1998. - 95 p.
• Turovsky R. F. Cultural landscapes of Russia. - M.: Heritage Institute, 1998. - 210 p.
• Lavrenova O. A. Spaces and Meanings: The Semantics of the Cultural Landscape. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2010. - 330 p.

Off-system compilations

• Ecology of culture. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2000.

Information collection "Heritage and modernity"

Collection "Heritage Archive"

• Heritage archive-1999 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute.
• Heritage Archive-2000 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2001. - 336 p. - 600 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-051-X
• Heritage archive-2001 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2002. - 388 p. - 600 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-081-1
• Heritage archive-2002 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute.
• Heritage archive-2003 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2005.
• Heritage archive-2004 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute.
• Heritage archive-2005 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2007. - 448 p. - 500 copies.
• Heritage archive-2006 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute.
• Heritage archive-2007 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute.
• Heritage archive-2008 / Comp. and scientific ed. V. I. Pluzhnikov. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2010. - 371 p. - ISBN 978-5-86443-159-7

Almanac "Humanitarian Geography" (2004-2010)

• / Comp., otv. ed. D. N. Zamyatin; ed. Baldin A., Galkina T., Zamyatin D. and others - Issue. 1. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2004. - 431 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-107-9.
• Humanitarian geography: Scientific and cultural educational almanac / Comp., otv. ed. D. N. Zamyatin; ed. Andreeva E., Belousov S., Galkina T. et al. - Issue. 2. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2005. - 464 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-107-9.
• Humanitarian geography: Scientific and cultural educational almanac / Comp., otv. ed. D. N. Zamyatin; ed. Abdulova I., Amogolonova D., Baldin A. et al. - Vol. 3. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2006. - 568 p. - 350 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-107-9.
• Humanitarian geography: Scientific and cultural educational almanac / Comp., otv. ed. D. N. Zamyatin; ed. Abdulova I., Amogolonova D., Gerasimenko T. and others - Issue. 4. - M.: Heritage Institute, 2007. - 464 p. - 350 copies. - ISBN 5-86443-107-9.
• Humanitarian geography: Scientific and cultural educational almanac / Ed. ed. I. I. Mitin; comp. D. N. Zamyatin; ed. Belousov S., Vakhrushev V.,

Russian writers as a mirror of the 1917 revolution. (A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout", B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago", A. Tolstoy's story "The Viper")

The image of the revolution in literature

2017, the year of the 100th anniversary of the Russian revolution. This century is full of important, fateful events for our country. Analyzing these events now, one can note their positive and negative sides. Undoubtedly, the negative is also an invaluable experience. The country must admit and not repeat the mistakes, learn the lessons of the past.

Major events given period time, which are the main and significant lessons for our country today, I want to note: the February and October revolutions, the reign of V.I. Lenin and V. Stalin.

A revolution, as a rule, for any country, for its people, is a period of terrible snowstorms and red sunsets. Writers born in the harsh times of revolution and civil war "need" to truthfully and clearly explain the "time of change." "Necessary" for posterity, "necessary" for the history and consciousness of people. Not all writers have coped with this difficult task. Many of them never managed to show the life of ordinary people in the volcano of revolution and the fire of civil war. But the names of those who were able to show - remained forever in the history of Russia. Such authors as Sholokhov, Blok, Fadeev, Babel, Pasternak became the singers of a revolutionary country and were able to accurately and believably show the fate, thoughts, vocation of the people of this country.
The revolution of 1917 and the civil war became very significant events in the history of Russia and the fate of the Russian people. Life has changed dramatically, and the changes were accompanied by blood, death, thousands of broken lives, emotional tragedies a huge number of people.

This terrible period was captured in their works by many writers - contemporaries of those events.

So, A. Fadeev in his novel "The Rout" is more objective than others Soviet writers of that time, covered the civil war. Fadeev himself wrote about the main idea of ​​his novel: “In the civil war, the selection of human material takes place, everything hostile is swept away by the revolution, and everything that has risen from the true roots of the revolution ... develops in this struggle. There is a huge transformation of people."

It is very indicative that the writer, speaking of the heroes of "The Rout", calls them "human material". The revolution and civil war demanded precisely the “material” for victory and building a new society. Human life has not great price, she was easily sacrificed in the name of victory.

This is clearly shown in "The Defeat". The numerous detachment of Levinson receives the task of the party: by all means break through into the Tudo-Vakskaya valley free from the enemy. With great difficulty (pursuing opponents, lack of food, etc.), the detachment tries to fulfill it. But on the way to the valley, he is surrounded by Cossacks. Only nineteen people from a detachment of one and a half hundred come out of the battle alive.

Levinson, having broken through the encirclement, looks back at the detachment, "but there was no detachment: the whole road was littered with horse and human corpses ...". The human material was exterminated, but the main thing - the task - was completed. Without a doubt, Levinson's detachment will be replenished with new fighters, ready (and not quite ready) "to lay down their lives on the altar of revolution."

But it would be unfair to represent all revolutionary leaders, party members as cynical and soulless people who do not have any human emotions. That was their tragedy, that they were constantly faced with a choice: the victory of a revolutionary idea or a human life, and sometimes hundreds of lives.

In his novel, Fadeev looks at the events of the revolution from the position of "red". But it is noteworthy that he does not at all embellish revolutionary everyday life. Even his heroes, although they are quite clearly divided into positive and negative ones, do not have a one-sided pronounced coloring.

B. Pasternak covers the revolutionary events from a slightly different angle. In his novel "Doctor Zhivago", the writer approaches the understanding of the revolution and civil war from philosophical, universal events. First World War, revolutions, civil war - these are experiments that were started in the name of the purest, noblest ideals. But in relation to the usual human life they are artificial and contrived. The author associates them with games - grown-up boys continue to play.

But the games of adults have serious consequences. This is proved by the fate of Strelnikov, the herald and active participant in the revolution. His ideas and actions are destructive. They reflect the mood of the era: disregard for the personality of a person, the loss of the significance of spiritual ideals in the name of imaginary equality, artificial unity. These games bring blood and death to people, no matter which side they fight on. Projects to remake the world have turned into cruel experiments. The result is a terrible reality that is hostile not only to spiritual life, but to human existence itself. These are the results of playing with history.

"Playing people" is unnatural, says Boris Pasternak. It cannot replace a normal, ordinary life. Doctor Zhivago finds an outlet only in love for Lara.

A.N. Tolstoy in his story "The Viper" shows how the terrible time of war, "revolutionary" psychology cripples people, disfigures their consciousness, makes them unsuitable for normal life.

The main character of the story, Olga Zotova, is a young girl. She is only twenty-two years old, but she absolutely does not know how to live in a peaceful situation, when you do not need to kill, fight, shoot. And this is not surprising: at her age, she has to start her third life! And this is not for everyone.

Previously, everything was clear: there was a goal - to destroy the enemy, the means were known - absolutely any. Now, when there is no need to go to the barricades, the heroine feels at a loss. We see that the neighbors fear and despise this girl, because she behaves as if she is still fighting for Soviet power, and in civilian life this looks ridiculous. Such "disorientation" of Olga leads her to tragedy - she shoots her rival, not knowing how else she can cope with her pain, disappointment, despair.

Thus, both Fadeev, and Pasternak, and Tolstoy characterize the revolution and the civil war as a difficult, troubled, tragic time that breaks the fate of people. People have to make a terrible choice, no matter which side of the barricades they find themselves on. And for their choice, they, in any case, have to pay a huge price.

The revolutions of 1917 and the Civil War that followed them are a bloody and tragic time in the history of Russia. Millions of people died, millions were maimed, millions were deprived of their homeland or freedom. “Rus faded away in two days,” Rozanov wrote. In its place came the Soviet Union with a fundamentally different ideology and policy.

Already in the early 1920s, the first novels and stories about the Civil War appeared. The authors of these works, as a rule, were either active participants or witnesses of those events. Some of them had a pronounced ideological connotation (like the exemplary works of Fadeev, Serafimovich or Furmanov), but some writers managed to avoid "agitation" and create real masterpieces of Russian literature - not just to document what is happening, but to comprehend the bloody changes that have occurred with the country.

We have selected seven such books.

Quiet Don. Mikhail Sholokhov

Quiet Flows the Don is one of the main Russian novels of the last century. And one of the main literary riddles. The question of whether Sholokhov himself wrote it is still being raised by researchers of his work. It was for this epic that the writer received the Nobel Prize in Literature with the wording "For the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia." The novel is undeniably the most famous work about the Civil War, and the image of the main character, Grigory Melekhov, became a kind of symbol of that bloody and controversial period of Russian history.

Doctor Zhivago . Boris Pasternak

Doctor Zhivago is a novel about the beginning of the 20th century, about the revolution of 1905-1907, followed by the First World War, the February and October revolutions. The novel ends with a foreboding omen of World War II and the Gulag, but the fateful events of 1917 take center stage here.

Several families, several estates and the history of one talented person, who visited both whites and reds, lost two beloved women and slowly went crazy along with his country, hanging between the past and the future. "Doctor Zhivago" is metaphorical, and it was precisely for this that Boris Pasternak suffered, who never managed to fully recover from the persecution that began after the publication of the work abroad and the award to him Nobel Prize in literature (which the writer was forced to abandon).

White Guard. Michael Bulgakov

The first novel by Mikhail Bulgakov and one of the few works that accurately describes the events of the Civil War in Ukraine. "White Guard" became a requiem for the Russian intelligentsia and the way of life in which the Bulgakov family and his friends existed.

Almost every character in this book has a real prototype. Even the house where the Turbins live is the same house where the Bulgakovs lived until 1918. A separate hero here is the semi-mystical revolutionary Kyiv, which throughout the novel is simply called the "City".

The Road to Calvary . Alexey Tolstoy

The trilogy "Walking through the torments" Alexey Nikolayevich Tolstoy created more than 20 years (from 1919 to 1941). He began work on "Sisters" in exile, "The Eighteenth Year" and "Gloomy Morning" he wrote after returning to his homeland.

The first book reflected the life of the Russian intelligentsia Silver Age: literary circles and salons, disputes of writers and poets, everyday life of Petrograd, Moscow, Samara and other cities of the country in 1914-1917. The second and third novels of the cycle are devoted to the events of the Civil War. Together with the heroes of Tolstoy, the reader wanders through the blood-drenched expanses of Russia and Ukraine, meets Nestor Makhno and his anarchists, is next to General Kornilov on the day of his assassination, watches the assault on Yekaterinoslav and becomes an eyewitness to many other events of those terrible years.

The writer managed to create a truly epic panorama of the life of the country in one of the most difficult periods in Russian history.

Sun of the Dead. Ivan Shmelev

At the center of the novel by the famous Russian émigré writer, author of Praying Man and The Summer of the Lord, lies the confrontation in the Crimea. His "Sun of the Dead" is called one of the most truthful and terrible works about the Civil War in Russia. Shmelev saw with his own eyes the atrocities committed by the Bolsheviks against the defeated troops of General Wrangel and local residents during the Red Terror. At the same time, the 25-year-old son of the writer was shot. Ivan Sergeevich himself miraculously managed to escape. He fled from the peninsula to Moscow, and in 1924 left the country forever.

Russia washed with blood. Artem Vesely

Artem Vesely (real name Nikolai Kochkurov) was born in the same year as Olesha, Nabokov and Platonov. In terms of the style of his work, he was close to Pilnyak. His most famous work is considered to be the novel “Russia, washed with blood”, the name of which speaks for itself. Vesely fought on the Denikin front, then served as a Chekist for some time, so he had no problems with the material. During the Great Terror, the writer was arrested and shot. His closest relatives were also repressed.

Red horse. Alexey Cherkasov and Polina Moskvitina

"The Red Horse" is the second part of the epic trilogy "Tales of the People of the Taiga", written by Alexei Cherkasov and Polina Moskvitina in 1972. The book is a direct continuation of the novel Khmel, which tells about the life of the Siberian Old Believers in the 19th and early 20th centuries (until 1917).

"Red Horse" covers the events that took place in the south of the Yenisei province during the Civil War. It describes the revolutionary Krasnoyarsk and Minusinsk, the Kolchak massacre of railway workers, the bloody struggle of the peasants against the white Cossacks, the terror and robberies of the Czechoslovak Corps, and many other terrible events of those years. The plot is based on the story of the Tashtyp Cossack Noah Lebed, who took the side of the Reds in a fratricidal war.

1. Alexander Rabinovich "The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd" Here, the process of coming to power of the Bolsheviks is analyzed by an American historian, which is already interesting. He also tries to understand what could and could not really be done in that current social situation. 2. Andrei Romanov "The Military Diary of Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich Romanov (1914-1917)" All the Romanovs loved to keep diaries, but most of these ...

1. Alexander Rabinovich "The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd"

Here, the process of coming to power of the Bolsheviks is analyzed by an American historian, which is already interesting. He also tries to understand what could and could not really be done in that current social situation.

2. Andrei Romanov "The Military Diary of Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich Romanov (1914-1917)"

All the Romanovs loved to keep diaries, but most of these entries are unbearably boring to read. But not in this case! Andrei Romanov is a distant relative of the emperor, who managed to emigrate in time. This did not prevent him from describing the First World War and the revolution in a very entertaining way, adding also interesting gossip, to which he had access due to his position.

3. Vladimir Lenin "State and Revolution"

More than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren and students suffered over this book, but this main book about the revolution in the 20th century as a whole and about the Russian revolution. It formulated the main positions of the Bolsheviks, thanks to which they were able and civil war win and build your own state.

4. Nikolai Berdyaev "The Origins and Meaning of Russian Communism"

In Berdyaev's book, the revolution is placed in the context of Russian culture. So the author tries to discover its true meaning, hidden under politics and violence. The advantage of the book is that even an absolutely unprepared person who wants a smart reflection on the topic of revolution can read it with pleasure.

5. Ivan Bunin "Cursed Days"

Bunin sees the revolution through the eyes of the losing side, for him this is the end of civilization in general. The revolution took everything away from him (but there was something!), so he chooses a different path - he defends his class, the old system and the order of things, but he does not rejoice at all about the revolution. He even buried this diary, because he was afraid of a search by the Odessa Chekists.

More books about the 1917 revolution can be found.

(Composition. Grade 7).
Just a hundred years ago, in October 1917, a revolution took place in Russia that changed the course of history on the entire planet. How did it happen that poor, semi-literate people managed to take power and keep it in one of the most powerful powers in Europe? How did it happen that the men-bast shoes and hungry artisans, with one rifle for three people, were able to defeat the professional White Army, and well-trained and armed troops of 14 intervention countries? I find answers to these questions in books and films dedicated to the events of the October Revolution, but only in those written and created by participants or eyewitnesses of those events...
A wonderful film trilogy about a simple working guy Maxim - "Maxim's Youth", "Maxim's Return" and "Vyborg Side". The film tells not only about the transformation of a semi-literate worker into a conscious underground revolutionary, but shows in detail the entire history of the revolutionary movement in tsarist Russia- from the barricades on the streets of Petrograd to the capture Winter Palace in October 1917. Awareness of their complete lack of rights and poverty against the backdrop of the fabulous enrichment of the capitalists and landowners of tsarist Russia, contemptuous attitude towards the needs of workers and peasants in the State Duma and among officials of all stripes, drove the common people to despair. Under these conditions, people are emerging who know exactly what needs to be done to save the working people from poverty and establish equal rights in the country for everyone, and not just for a select few of the rich and aristocrats. The film about Maxim begins with his meeting with a simple girl, Natasha, who turns out to be a convinced and competent revolutionary. Gradually and persistently, Maxim is drawn into revolutionary activity, turning his spontaneous hatred of the oppressors into a systematic and conscious struggle. The Bolshevik Party, which at the beginning of the trilogy we see as a small group experiencing arrests and failures, due to the growth of precisely such fighters as Maxim, by 1917 becomes a formidable organization capable of not only carrying out a revolution, but also creating a powerful, completely new in its own way. essence of the state. In the 21st century, we often hear that the Bolsheviks deceived the people, strangled them with terror and repression. But how could a deceived and intimidated people overcome in the Civil War white guard and professional troops of the interventionist countries, build a superpower - the Soviet Union, and defeat the Nazi hordes that easily conquered all the countries of Europe? Despite the fact that the Maxim trilogy is Feature Film, all his shots are perceived as a documentary presentation of the events of history, the plot is truthfully and reliably constructed before that.
But the second question arises - if it is clear why people came to the Bolsheviks who experienced "hard, dashing and joyless work", how intelligent people, from relatively wealthy families, even teenagers, almost children, ended up in the camp of Leninists? The answer to this question is given by the story of Arkady Gaidar "School", Boris Gorikov did not starve, he studied at a rather prestigious real school, despite the fact that his father was a professional revolutionary, he himself had a very vague idea of ​​​​the revolution. But on his way, he met a Bolshevik - teacher Galka, who did not dismiss the boy, but carefully and carefully took care of him, helped free his head from unnecessary garbage and directed him on the path of fighting injustice and oppression. In the future, this work was continued and completed by the Red Army soldier Chubuk. This means that the strength of the Bolsheviks lay in the fact that they were attentive to every doubting person, convincing him of the correctness of their position not with fanatical slogans and empty promises, but with mathematical logic based on science. Before the Bolsheviks, there were quite a few people in Russia who sincerely fought for the good of the whole people - Stepan Razin, Emelyan Pugachev, the Decembrists, but their attempts were unsuccessful and ended in the death of the heroes because they were spontaneous, not organized and not supported by scientific knowledge.
The Bolsheviks started a huge business, began the construction of a great and bright building. True, the citizens of the Soviet Union at the end of the 20th century destroyed this building, because they decided that the desire for personal enrichment was more important than caring for the welfare of the generations that would come later ...