The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" shortly after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal at the same time was to show that nothing had changed in the life of the peasants. As they were dependent on the landlords, they remained. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a large compensation money, but where can a poor peasant get it? And so the peasants and women continued to go to corvée and pay exorbitant dues.

It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated condition of the poor. Therefore, in his poem, he introduces the image people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonova.

For the first time we meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter “Good time - good songs”. This is a young man who "was fifteen years old ... already knew for sure that he would live for the happiness of a murdered and dark native corner." Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.

Creating this image, the poet seeks to show in him a public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people in that he also experienced hunger and want, injustice and humiliation.

One of the songs that Grisha sings speaks of two ways of reorganizing society. One road, “spacious, passions slave”, is chosen by “the greedy crowd to the temptation”, the other, “cramped, honest road”, is chosen only by “strong, loving souls, ready to defend the oppressed”. Here is an appeal to all progressive people:

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

But the second way is very difficult.

It is chosen by people with a strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he is trying to influence the intelligentsia so that they wake up and start protecting the common people.

And in the song "Rus" the lyrical hero addresses everyone ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective way to eradicate the enslavers and oppressors:

You are poor

You are abundant

You are beaten

You are almighty

Mother Rus'!

Gregory himself calls this song a noble anthem, which embodied "people's happiness." The people are powerful and great.

When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:

Rat rises-

innumerable,

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

Therefore, in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the whole people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates a program of action for those who have chosen the path of people's intercessors.

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_0.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>“People’s Protector” – Grisha Dobrosklonov">!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_1.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>In contrast to the repulsive images of the oppressors of the people in the poem depicts a bright and noble image of the "folk"> В противовес отталкивающим образам угнетателей народа в поэме нарисован светлый и благородный образ «народного заступника». Им является семинарист Гриша Добросклонов Гриша Добросклонов - сын «батрачки безответной» и сельского дьячка, жившего «беднее захудалого последнего крестьянина». Голодное детство, суровая юность сблизили его с народом, ускорили духовное созревание и определили жизненный путь Гриши:...лет пятнадцати Григорий твёрдо знал уже, Что будет жить для счастия Убогого и тёмного Родного уголка.!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_2.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov in many ways Like Dobrolyubov, Grisha Dobrosklonov is a wrestler"> Многими чертами своего характера Гриша напоминает Добролюбова. Как и Добролюбов, Гриша Добросклонов - борец за народное счастье; он хочет быть первым там, «где трудно дышится, где горе слышится».!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_3.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>In the image of Grigory Nekrasov, he answered the question : what should a fighter for the people's interests do?"> Образом Григория Некрасов давал ответ на вопрос: что делать борцу за народные интересы? Иди к униженным, Иди к обиженным Там нужен ты.!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_4.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>Grigory joins the ranks of those who ready "to fight, to work for the bypassed, for"> Григорий становится в ряды тех, кто готов «на бой, на труд за обойдённого, за угнетённого». Мысли Гриши постоянно обращены «ко всей Руси загадочной, к народу». В его душе «с любовью к бедной матери любовь ко всей вахлачине слилась». Григорий- верный сын народа. В образе Гриши Добросклонова Некрасов видит представителя трудовой народной массы, кровно с ней связанного: «Как ни темна вахлачина», как ни забита барщиной и рабством, она, «благословясь, поставила в Григорье Добросклонове такого посланца». Ему чужды заботы о личном благополучии, для него «доля народа, счастье его, свет и свобода прежде всего».!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_5.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>Nekrasovsky revolutionary is ready to give his life for so that “every peasant lives freely and cheerfully on"> Некрасовский революционер готов отдать свою жизнь за то, чтоб «каждому крестьянину жилось вольготно-весело на всей святой Руси». Гриша не одинок. На «честные пути», в бой за «честное дело» вышли уже сотни людей, подобных ему. Ему, как и другим борцам, ...судьба готовила Путь славный, имя громкое Народного заступника, Чахотку и Сибирь.!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_6.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>But Grisha is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of that cause,"> Но Гришу не пугают предстоящие испытания, потому что он верит в торжество того дела, которому посвятил свою жизнь. Он знает, что его родине «суждено ещё много страдать», но верит в то, что она не погибнет, и поэтому чувствует «в груди своей силы необъятные». Он видит, что многомиллионный народ пробуждается к борьбе: Рать подымается Неисчислимая! Сила в ней-скажется Несокрушимая!!}

Src="http://present5.com/presentacii/20170504/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_images/162-grisha_dobro....pptx_7.jpg" alt="(!LANG:>To the main question of the poem - who Russ live well? - Nekrasov replies in a way"> На основной вопрос поэмы - кому на Руси жить хорошо? - Некрасов отвечает образом Гриши Добросклонова, «народного заступника». Вот почему поэт говорит: Быть бы нашим странникам под родною крышею, Если б знать могли они, что творилось с Гришею. Труден, но прекрасен путь, по которому идёт Гриша Добросклонов. На этот путь вступают «лишь души сильные любвеобильные». На нём ждёт человека подлинное счастье, ибо счастлив может быть только тот, говорит Некрасов, кто себя отдаёт борьбе за благо и счастье народа.!}

Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Let me tell you a little about him. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and mediocre man. The mother was a type of the same female image, drawn by the author in the chapter "Peasant Woman". Grisha determined his place in life at the age of 15. No wonder, after all, a hungry childhood, hard labor hardening, donated by his father; strong character, broad soul, inherited from the mother; a sense of collectivism, vitality, incredible perseverance, brought up in the family and the seminary, ultimately resulted in a feeling of deep patriotism, moreover, responsibility for the fate of an entire nation! I hope I have explained the origins of Grisha's character in an accessible way?

And now let's look at the real-biographical factor of Grisha's appearance. Perhaps you already know that Dobrolyubov was the prototype. Like him, Grisha, a fighter for all the humiliated and offended, stood for peasant interests. He had no desire to satisfy prestigious needs (if anyone remembers lectures on social science), i.e. in the foreground, he does not care about personal well-being.

Now we know something about Dobrosklonov. Let's identify some of his personal qualities in order to find out the degree of significance of Grisha as a key figure. To do this, we just need to highlight from the above words that characterize it. Here they are: the ability to compassion, strong convictions, iron will, unpretentiousness, high efficiency, education, excellent mind. Here you and I, imperceptibly for ourselves, approached the meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Look: these qualities are enough to reflect the main idea of ​​the poem. Hence the conclusion is as prosaic as it is laconic: Grisha himself reflects one of the main ideas of the poem. Here is the idea: it is good to live in Rus' only for such fighters for the happiness of the oppressed people. To explain why I am unlikely to succeed is a philosophical question and knowledge of psychology is required. Nevertheless, I will try to give an example: when you save someone's life, you get the feeling that you are strong and kind, a servant of the king, a father to soldiers, ... yes? And then you save the whole people ...

But these are only consequences, and we still have to find out where it started. Let's reason, we know that from childhood Grisha lived among unfortunate, helpless, despised people. What pushed him to such a height that made him sacrifice himself for the sake of the common people, because, frankly, limitless opportunities opened up before a literate and educated, talented young man. By the way, this feeling, quality or sensation, call it what you will, nourished Nekrasov's work, the main idea of ​​the poem was determined from his submission, patriotism and a sense of responsibility originate from him. This is the capacity for compassion. The quality that Nekrasov himself possessed and endowed with him key figure of his poem. It is quite natural that this is followed by patriotism inherent in a person from the people, and, well, a sense of responsibility to the people.

It is very important to determine the era in which the hero appeared. Epoch - Uplifts social movement, millions of people rise to fight. Look:

“... The army rises innumerable -

her power is invincible…”

The text directly proves that people's happiness is possible only as a result of a nationwide struggle against the oppressors. The main hope of the democratic revolutionaries, to which Nekrasov belonged, is a peasant revolution. And who raises revolutions? - revolutionaries, fighters for the people. For Nekrasov, it was Grisha Dobrosklonov. From this follows the second idea of ​​the poem, or, rather, it has already flowed out, it remains for us to single it out from the general stream of reflections. The people, as a result of the direction of the reforms of Alexander II, remains unhappy, oppressed, but (!) Forces for protest are ripening. The reforms stimulated in him the desire to a better life. Have you noticed the words:

"…Enough! Finished with the last calculation,

Finished sir!

The Russian people gather with strength

And learns to be a citizen! ... "

The form of transmission was songs performed by Grisha. The words just reflected the feelings that the hero is endowed with. We can say that the songs were the crown of the poem because they reflect everything that I was talking about. And in general, they inspire hope that the Motherland will not perish, despite the suffering and troubles that overwhelm it, and the comprehensive revival of Russia, and most importantly, changes in the consciousness of the simple Russian people.

Nekrasov, the great Russian writer, created many works in which he sought to reveal something new to the world. The poem "Who lives well in Rus'" is no exception. The most important hero for revealing the topic is Grisha Dobrosklonov, a simple peasant with complex desires and thoughts.

Prototype

The last to be mentioned, but the first most important image of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is Grisha Dobrosklonov. According to the sister of the poet Butkevich A.A., the artist Dobrolyubov became the hero. Butkevich argued so for a reason. Firstly, such statements were made by Nekrasov himself, and secondly, this is confirmed by the consonance of surnames, the character of the hero and the attitude of the prototype towards selfless and purposeful fighters on the side of the people.

Tverdokhlebov I. Yu. believes that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is a kind of cast of the features of such famous figures as Belinsky, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who together create the ideal of the hero of the revolution. It should also be noted that Nekrasov did not disregard and new type a public figure - a populist, who combined the features of both a revolutionary and a religious activist.

Common features

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov demonstrates that this bright representative propagandist of the revolution, who seeks to prepare populace to the struggle against the capitalist foundations. The features of this hero embodied the most romantic features of the revolutionary youth.

Considering this hero, one must also take into account that Nekrasov set about creating him in 1876, that is, at a time when "going to the people" was already complicated by many factors. Some scenes of the work confirm that Grisha was preceded by "wandering" propagandists.

As for Nekrasov's attitude to the simple working people, here he expressed his special attitude. His revolutionary leads him to live and grow up in Vakhlachin. The people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov is a hero who knows his people well, understands all the troubles and sorrows that have befallen him. He is one of them, therefore, there is no doubt or suspicion among a simple man. Grisha is the poet's hope, his bet on the representatives of the revolutionary peasantry.

Composite image

The poet himself notes that in the image of Grisha, he captured the features that were characteristic of the revolutionary-minded youth of the 1860-1870s, the French Communards and progressive representatives of the peasantry. The researchers argue that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is somewhat schematic. But this is easily explained by the fact that Nekrasov created a new historical type hero and could not fully portray in him everything he wanted. This was influenced by the conditions that accompanied the creation of a new type, and historical features time.

Nekrasov reveals his vision of a public figure, concretizing deep historical roots struggle of the people, depicting the spiritual and political connection of the hero with the fate and hopes of the people, systematizing them in the images of specific individuals and individual characteristics of the biography.

Characteristics of the hero

The image of the people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov describes a simple guy from the people who is eager to fight the established social strata. He stands on the same level with ordinary peasants and is no different from them. Already at the very beginning of his life path he learned what need, hunger and poverty are, and he realized that these phenomena must be resisted. For him, the order that prevailed in the seminary was the result of an unjust social order. Already during his studies, he realized all the hardships of seminary life and was able to comprehend them.

In the 60s of the XIX century, seminarians grew up on the works of freedom-loving Russian authors. Many writers came out of the clerical students, for example, Pomyalovsky, Levitov, Chernyshevsky and others. Revolutionary hardening, closeness to the people and natural abilities make the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov a symbol of the people's leader. The character of the young seminarian contains characteristic youthful features, such as spontaneity, shyness, combined with selflessness and strong will.

Hero Feelings

Grisha Dobrosklonov is full of love, which he pours out on his suffering mother, on his homeland and people. In the poem there is even a specific reflection of his love for ordinary people, whom he helps "to the best of his ability." He reaps, mows, sows and celebrates holidays together with ordinary peasants. He likes to spend time with other guys, wander through the forest and pick mushrooms.

He sees his personal, personal happiness in the happiness of others, in peasant joy. It is not so easy to protect the downtrodden, but Grisha Dobrosklonov does everything to alleviate the fate of the disadvantaged.

Image disclosure

Grisha reveals his feelings through songs, and through them he also points the way to the happiness of a simple peasant. The first song is addressed to the intelligentsia, which the hero seeks to encourage to protect the common people - this is the whole Grisha Dobrosklonov. The characteristic of the next song is explained simply: it motivates the people to fight, seeks to teach the peasants "to be a citizen." After all, this is precisely the goal of his life - he longs to improve the life of the poor class.

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is revealed not only in songs, but also in his noble, radiant anthem. The seminarian devotes himself to chanting the time when a revolution will become possible in Rus'. To explain whether there will be a revolution in the future or whether it has already started its first sprouts, Nekrasov used the image of the “Third Day”, which is mentioned four times in the poem. This is not a historical detail, the city burned to the ground is a symbol of the overthrow of the fortress foundations.

Output

The realization of wandering peasants who are trying to figure out who in Rus' should live well, how they can use their strength to improve the life of the people, is the result of the poem. They realized that the only way to make people happy is to eradicate the “support”, to make everyone free - Grisha Dobrosklonov prompts them to such an idea. The characterization of his image emphasizes the existence of two main problematic lines: who is "happier" and who is "sinner" - which are resolved as a result. The happiest for Grisha are the fighters for the people's happiness, and the most sinful are the traitors of the people. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a new revolutionary hero, an engine of historical force that will consolidate freedom.

“Who should live well in Rus'” is the most powerful and amazing creation of Nekrasov. This is not a poem in the traditional sense of the word, and not even a novel in verse. This folk epic new time, which absorbed the traditions of ancient Russian epics. In "Who in Rus' to live well" embodied the primordial features of the Russian national character, its unshakable foundations, people's grief and people's happiness. N. A. Nekrasov wrote his poem in one of the turning points in our history. The abolition of serfdom, economic reforms - all this happened in front of the writer. Nekrasov's wanderers never managed to find a happy person in Rus'. What is the root of evil, the source of human sorrows? Grisha Dobrosklonov answers this question: "Be strong with everything." But this opinion, it seems to me, would be wrong to consider the real point of view of the author. The motive of true happiness arises in the last chapter of the poem - "Good time - good songs." It is associated with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, in which the moral ideal of the writer was embodied: For him, fate prepared a glorious path, the loud name of the People's Protector. Consumption and Siberia. The son of a sexton, fed by the whole peasant world, having absorbed the bitter peasant environment with his mother's milk, Grisha does not just experience a deep and devoted love for the people. This hero becomes a people's protector, a conscious fighter for the people's happiness. The fate of Grisha Dobrosklonov is typical of Russian revolutionary democrats. Interestingly, the hero's surname is similar to the surname of Dobrolyubov, whom Nekrasov loved and appreciated very much. For a long time in Soviet literary criticism, the image of Dobrosklonov was perceived as an artistic cast of Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, as the highest ideal of a revolutionary figure. Indeed, it seems to me that the socio-political features of that time were reflected in the image of this hero: “going to the people” and more. But I think Grisha Dobrosklonov is the poet's dream, his hope. Some critics of Nekrasov's work pointed to the sketchiness of the hero's image. I think this is quite understandable. Grisha is a simple guy. Biographically, he is no different from the peasants, he experienced the same need as all of them. The ending of the chapter "A Feast for the West" plays the role of the denouement of the whole epic. After all, it was here that the answer was given to the question posed at the very beginning of the work - “who in Rus' should live well?” happy man turns out to be none other than the people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov. His happiness is based on the joy of creative success. "I got a good song!" Grisha said: If only they could know what was happening to Grisha, He heard immense strength in his chest, Gracious sounds delighted his ears, Radiant sounds of a noble hymn - He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! As a poet, Grisha is revealed through songs. In them, he finds the opportunity to point out the path to happiness for the whole people. The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is associated with the problem of the image of the author and a weak expression author's position. It is shown in the poem not as clearly as the position of the defender of the Russian people: The army rises - Innumerable! The power in it will be indestructible! The song "Rus" is the anthem of peasant Rus', which, having overcome impotence, will wake up and rise to fight for its liberation. But thoughts about the revolutionary transformation of the world, according to Nekrasov, have not yet fully entered into popular consciousness. In his songs, Grisha raises moral questions that are based not only on social inequality: Power does not get along with untruth. The victim of unrighteousness is not called. The style and language of the hero's song have folk roots, a folklore basis. This gives it an epic sound and pushes the boundaries. art space works. It is thanks to them that the image of Grisha acquires the halo of a man from the people and a popular intercessor: You are poor, You are plentiful, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother Rus'! In slavery, the saved Heart is free - Gold, gold The heart of the people! Nekrasov's poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" - the result creative way poet. She is a deep artistic study folk life, raises the most important problems of the era.