Features of the genre in the novel pride and prejudice. "Pride and Prejudice

"Pride and Prejudice" (Jane Austen "Pride and Prejudice") about the life of the English nobility and the relationship between different sections of high society.

Summary of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice" describes the life of the English nobility in the outback about two hundred years ago. Not far from the estate of the Bennet family, a new neighbor, Mr. Bingley, settles. Bingley is young, good-looking and rich, which makes him a desirable groom for unmarried ladies in the area. Together with Mr. Bingley, his friend Mr. Darcy, also a young, well-mannered and rich man, arrives.

Mrs. Bennet longs to marry Mr. Bingley to her daughter Jane, a well-bred, honest and gentle girl. Young people very quickly become saturated with sincere sympathy for each other. But between Mr. Darcy and Jane's sister Elizabeth, a spark of mutual rejection jumps: Mr. Darcy inadvertently declares that the Bennets are not people of his circle, and Elizabeth considers him puffed up and overly important.

Mr. Bingley's sister and her friends took Jane very well, considering her the only noteworthy Bennet daughter. They began to show signs of attention to her and invite her to their place. One day Jane went to Bingley's and got caught in the rain. She fell ill and selfless Elizabeth came to Bingley and nursed her sister for several days. Elizabeth saw that only Mr. Bingley took a sincere interest in Jane. Elizabeth became the object of close attention of Mr. Darcy, who began to find her charming, but did not show it in any way. Elizabeth, on the other hand, was increasingly convinced that Darcy treated her badly. Lizzie's opinion of Darcy gets even worse when she meets Mr. Wickham, who grew up with Darcy. Wickham related that Darcy had violated his father's will and deprived him of the parish that had been promised to Wickham by Darcy's father.

At the same time, their relative Mr. Collins comes to the Bennets. It is he who should get the Bennet estate after the death of Mr. Bennet, since Collins is the only male relative. Mr. Collins is a decent, well-mannered, but completely stupid and narrow-minded person. He came to the Bennets in order to woo one of the Bennet daughters. His choice falls on Lizzie and he proposes to her. Lizzie flatly refuses, much to the annoyance of Mrs. Bennet. Collins, a few days later, proposes to Lizzy's best friend Charlotte Lucas. She accepts the offer, much to Lizzie's surprise. Soon the wedding is played and the newlyweds leave for Collins' house.

Bingley travels to London on business but does not return. Soon, his sister and girlfriend also leave the estate. This frustrates Mrs. Bennet's plans for Jane's marriage and deeply hurts Jane, who sincerely had an affinity for Bingley. Jane goes to visit relatives in London to unwind a little. And Lizzie goes to visit the Collins, where they are received by Catherine de Boer, Mr. Darcy's aunt. She is sure that Darcy should marry her daughter. Soon, Mr. Darcy arrives at the estate of Catherine de Boer with his cousin, Mr. Fitzwilliam. In communication with Fitzwilliam, Lizzie learns that Darcy took part in the fate of Bingley in order to protect him from an unequal marriage. Lizzie realized that it was about her sister and began to hate Darcy even more. Darcy, on the other hand, does not avoid Lizzy's company at all and one day comes to her and confesses his great love for her and arrogantly asks for her hand. A stunned Lizzie categorically rejects his marriage proposal, accusing him of meddling in her sister's affairs and dishonest act towards Wickham.

Darcy accepts Lizzie's negative answer, but relays his explanation to her in a letter. In it, he writes that he will upset Jane and Bingley's marriage due to not being convinced of Jane's sincere affection for her friend. He also draws Lizzie's attention to Mrs. Bennet's completely tactless behavior in the company of Mrs. Bennet and the three younger sisters Jane and Lizzie (Lydia, Kitty and Mary). He also explains the situation with Wickham, who, it turns out, refused the church parish in exchange for a large amount of money that he used for entertainment, revelry and an idle lifestyle. Elizabeth resented Darcy's direct and honest letter, but for the first time she was forced to agree with Darcy and for the first time looked at him without prejudice.

Elizabeth returns home, and a little later leaves for London to visit relatives in order to take part in their journey through England. They visit many places and once pay a visit to the Darcy estate. They are sure it is not there. They spend a lot of time there and get the most flattering reviews of Darcy. Soon, he himself appears unexpectedly. Young people are very surprised. Both have feelings for each other, but both do not show them. Darcy behaves in a completely different way: he is very courteous, kind, sympathetic, spends a lot of time in the company of Elizabeth's relatives, whom he previously considered people below him. Darcy introduces Elizabeth to his sister Georgiana and they quickly bond. Darcy and Elizabeth's rekindling relationship is forcibly cut short by the news that Elizabeth's sister Lydia is running away with Wickham. Elizabeth is sure that Darcy will not be able to communicate with Elizabeth after such a family shame.

Mr. Bennet is going to look for Lydia. Uncle Elizabeth also joins the search, but to no avail. Mr. Bennet returns home and soon receives word that Wickham is ready to marry Lydia in exchange for giving her a share of the inheritance. After the wedding, the young people come to the Bennets' house to say goodbye and leave for another place, where Wickham is serving. Elizabeth learns that it was Darcy who found the fugitives and forced Wickham to marry, paying him a substantial amount of money. Elizabeth understands that she is in love with Darcy, but she also understands that the preservation of his feelings for her is highly unlikely.

Unexpectedly, Bingley returns to the village and proposes to Jane, it turned out that the young people retained tender feelings for each other. Elizabeth understands that it could not have done without Darcy. She wonders how he treats her, but does not come to unequivocal conclusions. Unexpectedly, Catherine de Beur arrives at the Bennets and interrogates Elizabeth regarding Darcy. Elizabeth refuses to promise that she will not accept Darcy's offer, which infuriates Mrs. de Boer. Soon after, Darcy arrives at the Bennets and re-proposes to Lizzie. He says that Lizzie's first rejection changed him a lot. Lizzie says that she, too, has reconsidered her opinion of Darcy and gladly accepts his offer. So Lizzy's prejudice was destroyed and Darcy stepped over his pride.

Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice" ends with a description of how the further life of the main characters settled down: Jane and Bingley are happy, no less happy, and Lizzie and Darcy. The marriage of Lydia and Wickham did not lead to anything good, as expected.

Meaning
Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is, as the title suggests, about pride and prejudice that interfere with people's happiness. The true love of the main characters overcomes different positions in society, and the negative attitude of relatives and friends, and different financial opportunities, and many different conventions.

In addition to the main characters, I was interested in the character of Mr. Bennet, an intelligent person who understands and interprets everything correctly. His wrong choice of wife and way of life led to the fact that his potential was wasted: he did not amass wealth, did not make a career, he does not love his wife and is well aware that his younger three daughters are stupid and ignorant.

The novel also describes in sufficient detail the social foundations of that time.

Output
A very pleasant book. I read it in one breath. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is one of those books where you can't stop until you've finished reading it, and when you finish it, you regret that it's all over. I highly recommend reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Shortlisted for the best books of 2014 by my own version.

I also recommend reading book reviews (and the books themselves, of course):
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This article will discuss the famous writer and her no less famous book. For those who do not remember or do not know the plot of the imperishable novel, a brief summary is given. "Pride and Prejudice" is a story about the mores of English society in the 19th century. It would seem that it can arouse interest among modern readers? Nevertheless, Pride and Prejudice is a novel that has gone through countless reprints. Based on his motives, several films and series have been shot. Austen's novel has been read for two centuries not only in England, but also in other countries.

about the author

Not much is known about the personality and appearance of the writer. Only a portrait of Austin, painted by one of her relatives, has survived. According to some reports, she loved entertainment, but she was a very sensible lady who wrote the novel Pride and Prejudice.

The book, reviews of which are mostly laudatory both from contemporaries and from readers of today, that is, two hundred years after publication, was rejected several times by publishers. Austin began writing the novel at the age of twenty. The publishers did not like the manuscript. Jane did not change either the plot or the main characters. She shelved the work on the novel and only remembered it sixteen years later. By that time, Austin had gained considerable writing experience and was able to edit the work properly.

The hand of an accomplished author of realistic prose wrote the final version of the novel Pride and Prejudice. The book, reviews of publishers about which were initially negative, after careful revision was published. Although it is possible, the whole point is that the publishing world has changed over an impressive period of time. What was of no interest in 1798 became relevant in the second decade of the 19th century.

Style and issues

Jane Austen created her works in the genre of the novel of manners, which is considered to be the founder of Samuel Richardson. Austin's book is filled with irony, deep psychologism. The fate of the writer is similar to the fate of the heroine of the novel Pride and Prejudice. The plot of the work directly concerns the temper and prejudices that prevailed in English society at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries.

A girl from a poor family could hardly hope for personal happiness. Jane Austen, unlike her heroine, never got married. In her youth, she had an affair with a young man whose family was also experiencing financial difficulties. They separated. When Austin turned thirty, she defiantly put on a cap, thereby declaring herself an old maid.

Plot

What can be said in a summary? "Pride and Prejudice" is a story about girls from a decent English family who were not married for a long time, but were eventually led down the aisle. The Bennet sisters could have been old maids. After all, there are five daughters in their family, and this is a disaster for a poor English nobleman. Of course, no film, and even more so a retelling, will not replace the reading of Pride and Prejudice. The quotes from the book presented at the end of the article confirm that its author has a subtle sense of humor and keen powers of observation.

Retelling plan

Pride and Prejudice is a novel that every educated person should read in its entirety. It is not for nothing that Austin's work is included in the English educational program and the course in the history of world literature, which future philologists take in all European countries. For those who do not claim to be an educated, well-read person, a summary is provided.

Pride and Prejudice is a book in two parts. Each of them has several chapters. You should make a small plan before giving a summary. Pride and Prejudice has a plot that can be broken down and titled as follows:

News of the arrival of Mr. Bingley.
Darcy and Elizabeth.
Mr Collins.
Darcy's confession.

The news of Mr. Bingley's arrival

The life of a large, poor aristocratic family is at the center of the plot of the novel Pride and Prejudice. The main characters are the head of the family, Mr. Bennet, his nervous and not distinguished by wisdom and education of his wife, as well as their five daughters.

The Bennet sisters are marriageable girls. Each of them has a bright personality. The eldest - Jane - a kind, disinterested girl, according to generally accepted opinion, is the most beautiful of Bennett's daughters. Elizabeth is inferior to her older sister in beauty, but not in prudence and intelligence. Lizzie is the main character. The story of this girl's love for the rich and arrogant Darcy is the main storyline of the novel. Bennett's other daughters are Mary, Katherine, Lydia.

It all starts with the fact that Mrs. Bennet learns the good news: a young, and most importantly, a single Mr. Bingley arrives in a neighboring village, renting one of the richest local estates.

Believing that this man must fall in love with one of her daughters, the woman pesters her husband with a demand to visit a potential son-in-law. Mr. Bingley reacts to his wife's persuasion not without sarcasm. However, the next day Bingley pays a visit and receives invitations to a party, to which he should already appear with his wife and daughters.

It is worth saying that the action of the novel takes place in the province. The news of the arrival of a young aristocrat spreads with lightning speed.

Mr Darcy

To still greater excitement, and later disappointment, came Mrs. Bennet to learn that Bingley had come not alone, but in the company of her friend, Mr. Darcy. This young man is also incredibly rich, comes from an old aristocratic family. But, unlike his friend, Darcy is arrogant, pompous, narcissistic.

Bingley falls in love with Jane at first sight. Miss Bennet is also not indifferent to this young man. But only Lizzy knows about her feelings. Jane Bennet is a reserved, proud girl, which, however, does not prevent her from having an extremely kind heart. Bingley's relatives are alarmed by his attachment to a girl from a dubious family. The sisters trick him into leaving for London.

Darcy and Elizabeth

For several months, Bennett's eldest daughter will not see her lover. Later it turns out that the whole thing is in the machinations of the insidious Bingley sisters. But Darcy's act will cause particular indignation in Elizabeth. After all, it was he who made the effort to break off his friend's relationship with Jane.

Relations between Darcy and Lizzie cannot be called warm. Both are proud. But the prejudices and prejudices, which Mr. Darcy is not without, seem to repel Miss Bennet from him. Elizabeth differs significantly from other unmarried girls. She is independent, educated, has a sharp mind and powers of observation. Deep down, she feels sympathy for Darcy. But his snobbery causes a storm of indignation in her. Their dialogue is a verbal duel, each of the participants of which seeks to hurt the opponent more painfully, without violating the generally accepted norms of etiquette.

Mr. Collins

One day, their relative shows up at the Bennets' house. His name is Collins. This is a very stupid, limited person. But he knows how to flatter excellently, and therefore he has achieved considerable: he received a parish in the rich estate of a lady who later turns out to be a relative of Darcy. Collins, by virtue of his stupidity, is also self-confident. The fact is that according to English law, after the death of Bennett, he must enter into the possession of his estate. After all, he does not have a male heir.

Mr. Collins visits relatives for a reason. He decided to propose to Elizabeth. The time has come to marry, and he cannot find a better wife than Bennett's daughter. She is educated and educated. In addition, she will be grateful to him until the end of her days. The marriage of Lizzie and Collins will save the Bennet family from ruin and poverty. Imagine the surprise of this self-confident careerist when he receives a refusal! Elizabeth rejects Collins' offer, but Collins soon finds a replacement for her. Charlotte - Lizzy's friend - accepts his proposal, being a practical and reasonable girl.

Confessions of Darcy

This character appears in the story when Lizzie has nothing but dislike for Darcy. Wickham is a young, charming man. He wins over Elizabeth, and later tells a heartbreaking story in which he is a martyr and Darcy is a villain. Miss Bennet willingly believes Wickham's stories.

Later, when Darcy suddenly proposes, Elizabeth rejects him. But the reason for this refusal is not only in Wickham, who was allegedly offended by a wealthy aristocrat. It's all about pride. And in prejudice. Darcy admits that he is ready to go for a misalliance. But he drops a phrase that causes indignation in Lizzie's soul. “I am ready to relate to those who are much lower than me socially,” says Darcy and is immediately rejected.

The next day, Elizabeth receives a letter. In it, Darcy talks about Wickham, recounting the true story of their quarrel. It turns out that the person to whom Elizabeth was so disposed is a scoundrel. And the one to whom she felt hostility is offended by her cruelly and unfairly.

A few days later, one of the younger Bennet sisters disappears along with a young officer. It turns out to be the same Wickham. The Bennet family is disgraced.

denouement

Darcy suddenly appears in the eyes of the main character as a completely different person - kind, sincere. He saves the Bennet family from disgrace by forcing Wickham to almost force him to marry the girl he dishonored. He then again proposes to Lizzie to become his wife, to which she happily agrees. Bingley, meanwhile, meets with Jane. Two weddings are scheduled on the same day. This is the finale of the novel by one of the best writers of the nineteenth century.

Films

The first adaptation of Pride and Prejudice was made in 1940. But the most successful is the film, released much later.

In 1995, a six-part film based on the novel by Jane Austen was released. It stars Colin Firth and Jennifer Ehle. In 2005, the film adaptation directed by Joe Wright premiered. Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen played in this picture. Four "Oscars" collected a film based on the famous novel "Pride and Prejudice".

Quotes from the book

Austen's work has humor in a true English style. Thanks to her refined style of presentation and vivid dialogues, the works of this writer are popular all over the world. Here are some quotes from Jane Austen's novel:

“A woman who is the mother of five adult daughters has so little beauty left that one has to not think about her at all.”
"If a woman hides her feelings for her chosen one, she risks losing him."
"When you try to intimidate me, I become more defiant."
"You are too generous to play with my heart."

transcript

1 ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL “APRIORI. SERIES: HUMANITIES" FEATURES OF THE AUTHOR'S STYLE OF JANE AUSTEN IN THE NOVEL "PRIDE AND PREJUDICE" Lopukhova Elena Borisovna student Nizhny Novgorod State University. N.I. Lobachevsky Arzamas Abstract. The article presents the results of a study of the specifics of the author's style of Jane Austen, which manifests itself in the novel "Pride and Prejudice". The text of the article highlights the themes and problems of the novel, analyzes the image of Victorian England, illustrated by the writer. The material of the study also presents cases of the most interesting stylistic decisions of Jane Austen in the process of creating a special figurative space of the work. Key words: literary analysis, themes, problems, figurative system of the work, stylistic device. FEATURES OF AUTHOR S STYLE OF JANE AUSTEN IN THE NOVEL "PRIDE AND PREJUDICE" Lopukhova Elena Borisovna student Nizhny Novgorod State University of N.I. Lobachevsky Arzamas Abstract. Results of the research of Jane Austen author s style specifics shown in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are presented in article. The subject and a perspective of the novel are covered in the text of the article; the image of the Victorian England illustrated by the writer is analyzed. Also the cases of the most interesting Jane Austen s stylistic decisions in the process of creation a special figurative space of the work are presented in material of the research. Keywords: literary analysis, subject, perspective, figurative system of the novel, stylistic device. one

2 Today it is difficult to find an area that would remain unexplored in relation to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. This novel is the most famous work of the writer, and one of the most famous in the history of literature. The popularity of the novel is due to many factors: it reveals the current problems of society, touches on topics of interest to the reader. And, of course, all this is written in an interesting language that defines the author's style of Jane Austen. Despite the large number of works devoted to the novel "Pride and Prejudice", some aspects have remained unexplored to this day. In this regard, there is a need for a deeper study of them. The novel Pride and Prejudice is distinguished by its thematic diversity. It closely intertwines various problems and interests of society. In the novel, considerable attention is paid to the social customs and mores of the upper class of England in the early 19th century. Thus, Lady Catherine refers to one of the most common social customs: “Young women should always be properly guarded and attended, according to their situation in life”. Pride and Prejudice contains one of the most cherished love stories in English literature: Darcy's courtship of Elizabeth. The theme of love between the main characters is a leitmotif running through the novel. The emergence between Darcy and Elizabeth of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen sees her as something independent of social forces, something to be grasped if only the individual can escape the distorting effects of a hierarchical society. Along with the theme of love, it is advisable to highlight the theme of marriage. The work clearly highlights the idea that marriage and love do not always go together. The very first, which has become famous, the phrase of the novel sounds 2

3 as follows: "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife" . It is through this phrase that the reader understands the significance of marriage, which he was endowed with in the structure of society in Victorian England. In the society Austin demonstrates, reputation defines the individual: going beyond social norms makes the individual vulnerable to ostracism. The situation that happened to one of the heroines of the novel, Lydia, demonstrates the importance of reputation most clearly. Thus, reputation is another theme of the novel. Jane Austen comprehensively covered the problem of class in Victorian England. The writer turns to satire when describing class consciousness, especially in the character of Collins, a man spends most of his time bowing to his high-ranking patron, Lady Catherine de Burgh. One of the most striking markers of class consciousness can be traced in the following words: “Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us which becomes herself and her daughter. I could advise you merely to put on whatever of your clothes is superior to the rest there is no occasion for anything more. Lady Catherine will not think the worse of you for being simply dressed. She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved". Lady Catherine, who is the personification of "high society" in the novel, pays special attention to the appearance of people; she likes that social difference is preserved, and is so obvious that it would be expressed even in clothing. Jane Austen, through the totality of images and actions of the characters, demonstrated the hierarchical structure of society, the inequality of its members, and the presence of a large number of prejudices. One of the most common prejudices implied that not every marriage could be contracted. The position of a woman was insignificant; they had little power in making independent decisions. 3

4 It is quite obvious that Jane Austen considers such a society unproductive, and therefore it is invisibly ridiculed throughout the work. The content of the novel is of interest to the reader not only because of the richness of events, but also because of the truthful presentation of the problems of society. However, as noted earlier, not only the content, but also the stylistic design of the work is very specific and interesting for literary research. Analysis of the compositional structure of the work demonstrates its canonicity. The hook comes from the very first line of the novel; the first act demonstrates the characters and the features of their relationship. The recipient encounters the first plot point when, after a ball in Netherfield Park, Darcy and Caroline convince Bingley to return to London and forget about his growing love for Jane. The deviation of characters' motives and reactions completely changes the setting of the story, as several well-known characters that the Bennets interact with are no longer in the neighborhood. The impelling event is undoubtedly the arrival of Bingley and Darcy in Meryton. The central point of the plot can be called the moment when Darcy proposes to the main character, who, in turn, rejects him. The third plot point can be marked on the event when Lydia runs away with Mr. Wickham. The climax of the work comes when the two main characters finally unite and recognize their love for each other. After the climax, Jane Austen ties up all the loose ends in a few neat scenes that include Bennett's reaction to their engagement: "Her father was walking about the room, looking grave and anxious. “Lizzy, said he, what are you doing? Are you out of your senses, to be accepting this man? Have not you always hated him?" This moment can be called a resolution. Despite the quite standard compositional design, 4

5 Jane Austen still brings some specifics to the novel, such as the fairly quick development of each character. All events in the novel "Pride and Prejudice" are connected and consistent, which allows you to most effectively not only reveal the plot and characters of the book, but also the problems of the work. Jane Austen managed to create an ambiguous system of character images in the work. In the process of reading, the recipient encounters different personalities, their characters, habits, strengths and weaknesses. Elizabeth Bennet is the main character and she is presented as a beautiful, intelligent and noble girl. Darcy is a kind of male copy of Elizabeth. The rest of the characters can be called secondary, but none of them is repeated: the writer managed to create a specific image for each of them. There is some symbolism in the novel, expressed through the estates. When Lizzy gets to the Rosings estate, she is definitely impressed: "Handsome, modern building with a nice park<...>enumeration of the windows in front of the house, and his relation of what the glazing altogether had cost Sir Lewis de Bourgh". After visiting Pemberley, Elizabeth shows a completely different reaction: “It was a large, handsome stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills; and in front, a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but without any artificial appearance<...>. They were all of them warm in their admiration; and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!” . The splendor of the Pemberley estate is combined with its naturalness, and therefore it is precisely this that is the symbol of Darcy himself in the novel. At first glance, Lady Catherine and Darcy look quite similar: they are both haughty, cold and proud. But, thanks to their estates, the reader understands that inside they are completely different people. Letters are also a symbol of the work. In a novel where the spoken word is 5

6 rules everything, and where personal thoughts do not have a significant reflection on the page, letters are a kind of "reserve" for the inner life of the characters. The ball is a kind of allegory in the novel. It was at such events in Victorian England that the search for a life partner was carried out. Balls are a way to form, strengthen and test community bonds. The whole work is filled with the stylistic device of irony. As a rule, it is used to ridicule the characters and their narrow views. For example, the writer uses irony to describe Mrs. Bennet in an even more ridiculous light when she talks to Elizabeth about her unfulfilled hopes for Jane: “Well, my comfort is, I am sure Jane will die of a broken heart, and then he will be sorry for what he has done" . This ironic statement demonstrates the misplaced values that Mrs. Bennet possesses. Jane Austen also uses satire to highlight the ridiculous norms of society. So, for example, in the next scene, Austin demonstrates the surprise of those present at the appearance of Elizabeth, whose attire is contrary to the ideas of a “refined” society: “with weary ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of exercise. She was shown into the breakfast-parlour, where all but Jane were assembled, and where her appearance created a great deal of surprise" . Metaphor and figurative comparison are found on almost every page of the work: "... if you lament over him much longer, my heart will be as light as a feather". In this example, Elizabeth compares her heart with a feather. Hyperbole is also quite common in the text of the work. So, for example, through hyperbole, the narrator explains how 6

7 Mr. Bennet misses his daughter a lot: "His affection for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do" . The use of contrast allows Jane Austen to solve a number of communicative tasks, one of which is the creation of a figurative system of the work: “Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared, Darcy was constantly giving offense” . From the mention of "offensive" qualities of Darcy, the positive qualities of the second character, Bingley, are only amplified. This provokes the reader to build their own images of these characters, as well as to understand why people like Bingley so much more than Darcy, as demonstrated at the beginning of the novel. With the help of alliteration, Jane Austen enhances the significance of the thoughts and actions of the characters, which allows the recipient to remember the most significant moments of the story: "From the farther disadvantaged of Lydia s society she was of course carefully kept" . Antiptosis details the new circumstances that every family should be aware of: "I wish I could say, for the sake of her family". The vocabulary that Jane Austen uses in her work is archaic, which is quite natural for the period when the novel was written. It should also be noted that the writer alternates sentences of different lengths: the first is short, the second is longer. This alternation of sentences creates the necessary structure, for if short sentences are used excessively, the text becomes "wavy" and difficult to understand. Sentence length allows the reader to read the novel smoothly. The style chosen by Jane Austen was defined to generate patterns and meanings from sentence structure and use of vocabulary. The study allows us to identify the main features of the author's style of Jane Austen, among which a special place is occupied by 7

8 humor that criticizes class society, and significant symbolism, which can be called a specific literary strategy of the writer. The totality of subject-logical and expressive-stylistic information that the writer endowed her work determine its specificity, distinguishing it from a number of other novels and making it one of the most significant in world literature. List of References 1. Austen J. Pride and Prejudice. San-Francisco: Ignatus Press, p. 2. Toolan M. Language in Literature: An Introduction to Stylistics. London: Hodder Arnold, p. 3. MacDonagh O. Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 4. Filipenko S.A. Difficulties of philological text analysis. Voronezh: Aspect, p. 5. Galperin I.R. Experiences in Stylistic Analysis (in English). M.: Higher school, p. 6. Galperin I.R. Text as an object of linguistic research. M.: Nauka, p. APRIORI. Series: Humanities apriori-journal.ru Mass media El FS ISSN

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Name today Jane Austen familiar, at least by ear, to the vast majority of people from developed countries. And associations that are not long in coming offer the phrase “women's novels”. And although traditionally it is women who read more and more often, in the Russian-speaking society, in any case, a purely masculine, slightly arrogant position has formed, classifying the works of this subgenre as second-class literature. Although it is almost certain that you will hear about the frivolity of Pride and Prejudice from lazy people who will find a hundred excuses for not picking up any book. Personally, I always openly and with interest approach cult works of literature in order to compare the prevailing opinion with my own convictions. Before proceeding to the analysis of what I have read, I will make, as it seems to me, an important remark. In order not to get confused, you need to remember that in domestic publications you can find the following common translation options: “ Pride and Pride" And " Pride and Prejudice". In addition, one should not confuse the novel with another work of the author, of a similar nature, "Sense and Sensibility" ("Reason and Sensibility") - in my university years, having no copies then, I confused.

What does your emphatic remark mean, ma'am? he asked in surprise. - Do you think it is absurd custom, according to which, before dealing with a stranger, he should be introduced to you? Or do you not like the existing order of such representation?

If we talk about the feelings that accompany the reading of Pride & Prejudice, then they can be commensurate with the easy reader's abstraction from the outside world, outside the pages of the book. To some, such a comparison will seem strange, but it’s like getting acquainted with a fantastic work. Not in the sense that the story told turns to boldly invented - just with every decade Jane Austen's creative universe and the society that lives in it become something expressively different, acquire those very romantic notes, often alien to modern globalization and information dependence in which we are accustomed to live. The heroines of the novel live, guided by concepts that are alien to most people who have picked up a book. And although the Bennet family experiencing condescending treatment from the wealthy aristocracy of the province, they are also noble people. Thus, during the hours that we foresee with the characters of the novel, we touch life English aristocracy in the early 19th century its literary variety. Moreover, the author did not have to look far for inspiration - she surrounded the fictional history of specific people with quite real attributes that were very familiar to her.

If you say out loud the well-known rhetorical question: what can a book teach us, then “Pride and Pride” is one of the highest quality works, the history of which is based on such a concept as morality. A young girl can compromise herself for life and become an object of contempt and ridicule if she goes on a horseback ride with an unfamiliar young man, or agrees to communicate with him in the house, without the presence of her parents. The gentleman is obliged to show attention and affection to the participants of the ball, so that none of them is on the sidelines of attention this evening. The family, which may forfeit the right to its property, due to bureaucratic conventions, does not consider intrigue, incitement and deceit. To some, such social chastity will seem superfluous and alien, but we are just so accustomed to liberalism, accustomed to closing our eyes for immorality, depravity, that a defensive reaction of our own convictions can work. I'm not talking about biblical sins and superstitions of the Bronze Age, but about self-esteem.

When she reached the place where the shortcomings of her relatives were severely and at the same time deservedly condemned, her sense of shame became even more acute. She understood too well the validity of the reproaches expressed in the letter to try to refute them.

The storyline affects the well-being of the Bennet family living in Hertfordshire, which gives the story told a kindly deceptive sense of the reality of what happened. In a house where five young girls live, naturally, the main headache of the mother and, to a lesser extent, the father, is the organization of their future life. The novel gave us several fascinating images at once and Elizabeth Bennet is considered an example of a strong female image in world literature. She is really a rebel, without excesses rejecting pressure on herself from outside, including denying public censure. We will spend most of the work in her campaign, although the scale of events covers other sisters and persons involved in their fate. For example, the older sister Jane just causes attacks of sympathy and empathy, as an incredibly bright and open, vulnerable image. It acts as one of the facets of the eternal rivalry between good and evil.

The main male character, who became the title character, deserves a separate meaningful mention. In case of Mr Darcy, as the hero of the novel Pride and Prejudice, his fame, as they say, is ahead of himself. The young man shows prudence and composure of mind, not characteristic of his environment. Throughout the part of the work, where Darcy is present, his actions and behavior, in sharp contrast to even his best friend, Charles Bingley, evoke a mixture of emotions - from censure to admiration. The small volume of Austin's book provides a certain richness of what is happening, and here, frankly, one does not want to skip any separate parts.

Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen's most popular novel, known to millions of readers around the world. The critical literature devoted to its analysis is also enormous. Among the authors of books and articles are such well-known literary scholars as D. Cecil, M. Butler, A. Brown, M. Maysfield, M. Kennedy, J. Kestner, N.M. Demurova, T.A. Amelina and many others.

D. Cecil believes that Jane Austen correlates her characters with three basic standards of behavior: virtue, common sense and taste. Virtue is perceived in its Christian interpretation. Common sense refers to the desire to achieve something better in this inevitably imperfect world. Jane Austen believed that what a person lives for is more important than how he lives. Culture and the external signs of its manifestation can make a person's existence much happier. D. Cecil, thus, believes that the ideal of Jane Austen is not only a virtuous and prudent person, but also a well-mannered one.

M. Masefield highlights D. Austin's desire to ridicule and condemn snobbery, especially its extremes, embodied in the image of Lady Catherine de Boer, among the most important problems of the novel. M. Masefield believes that the genre specificity of this novel is determined by the combination of comedy with the genre of romance, where an unusually attractive heroine rises above all the characters. J. Kestner considers it a great success, a sign of the increased skill of the writer, that her secondary characters become more definite, clear, more accurately written out.

N.M. Demurova noted that Jane Austen significantly expanded and enriched the “humor” method characteristic of classicism, refusing to divide heroes into villains, victims and reasoners. Having thus noted Austin's characteristic realistic vision of characters, N.M. Demurova showed how it is embodied in the novel at the stylistic level. She, for example, believes that one of the innovative methods of J. Austin was the use of improperly direct speech. A very significant feature of Jane Austen's poetics was noticed by T.A. Amelina. She writes: "The artist reveals the human essence mainly through the depiction of people's verbal communication, that is, direct and dialogic speech."

Thus, critics, giving the characteristics of the heroes of the novel, pay attention to the social motivation of the behavior and relationships of the characters and pay considerable attention to the stylistic devices that Jane Austen used, but the mechanism of the functioning of these methods needs a more specific and detailed consideration.

An analysis of the means used by the writer to create images of her characters is the main task of this article. Its solution will determine the nature of Jane Austen's ethical and aesthetic ideal.

All the storylines of the novel converge around the two main characters Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. The initial opinion about them can be largely formed under the influence of the title of the novel "Pride and Prejudice". That is, one might get the impression that each of them embodies one of these traits: Darcy - pride, Elizabeth - prejudice against him - a rich, arrogant man, accustomed to the servility of others. In fact, each of them is equally characterized by pride and long-term prejudice against each other.

The character of Elizabeth Bennet is revealed gradually through a complex system of relations between the heroine and her parents, sisters, friends, those who wish her happiness and her ill-wishers, and finally, with those men who were applicants for her hand. For all the impersonality of the narrative, the author's attitude towards her expresses itself already in what features of her character stand out first of all: a sense of humor, a lively, cheerful disposition. Upon hearing Darcy's first, unflattering opinion of her, Elizabeth “told the story, however, with great spirit among her friends; for she had a lively, playful disposition which delighted in anything ridiculous ”Here, the epithets lively (full of life and spirit), playful (full of fun, fond of play) to the noun disposition (one "s nature or temper) perform a characterological function. Their positive connotations are an indirect confirmation of the author's approving attitude towards the heroine.In Elizabeth's speech part, the words "laugh, laugh" do occur repeatedly: "I dearly love a laugh ... Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies, do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can,” she says about herself.

But in the character of Elizabeth there was no frivolity, a thoughtless pursuit of entertainment, characteristic of her younger sister Lydia. Her mindset can be called analytical. She thinks a lot and seriously, observing the morals of the people around her. The monotony, the monotony of the daily life of the family made any trip that promised a change of impressions, the possibility of meeting new people, so desirable. Thus, the proposal of her aunt, Mrs. Gardiner, to go on a big trip with them, perhaps to the romantic Lake District, causes frank delight (“What delight! What felicity!”).

In the composition "Pride and Prejudice" the chronotope of the road not only contributes to the development of the plot, enlivening it with new events and characters. Its main function here is to show the evolution of the characters of the main characters, the gradual development of relationships between them. So, during Elizabeth's trip to the Collins, Darcy's first explanation takes place with her. During a trip with her aunt, her fate is decided: having visited Darcy's house, she begins to change her mind about him, gets rid of her prejudice against him, begins to understand that she could love him.

But no matter how much the reader learns about the heroine through the author's comments and characteristics, the main thing is that Elizabeth herself speaks about herself. This main thing is never mentioned, but it is present in her every act and every remark. This is the main thing - pride, or rather self-esteem and real fearlessness. Elizabeth herself is not rich, after the death of her father they can be deprived of the house, the owner of which will be Reverend Collins. Under such circumstances, not to marry means dooming yourself to a miserable existence. It would seem that one should rejoice at the proposal of Collins, but Elizabeth indignantly rejects it. Even more incredible may seem her reaction to Darcy's proposal. A rich, powerful man, whose marriage is the pipe dream of many brides, proposes to her, Elizabeth Bennet. Instead of accepting such a flattering offer, Elizabeth in the sharpest form accuses Darcy of humiliating her dignity, insulting her sister, and offending Wickham. In order to become her chosen one, it is not enough to occupy a high position in society, it is much more important to always behave like a noble person. Time must pass so that Elizabeth could better understand the character of Darcy, appreciate his merits.

Darcy has his own pride. As soon as he appears on the pages of the novel, all the characters and readers become aware of the amount of his income - 10,000 pounds a year, a colossal amount for that time. He immediately makes a certain impression on others: a proud, arrogant person. And although he himself, trying to explain his behavior, speaks of his isolation, of his inability to easily get along with people, this does not convince Elizabeth. The fact is that almost simultaneously with Darcy, Wickham, acting as the opposite of Darcy, is introduced into the number of characters. If no one hears almost a word from Darcy, then Wickham easily enters into a conversation. He has a pleasant, endearing appearance, he knows how to be a very entertaining conversationalist. Having barely met Elizabeth, he tells her the story of his life, in which Darcy played the most unseemly, in his words, role. Thus, all circumstances are not in favor of Darcy, and the further development of the plot seems unpredictable. The rebuke that Elizabeth gives to Darcy should, as it were, mark the end of their acquaintance. But the main plot intrigue lies precisely in the fact that Elizabeth's refusal only gives impetus to a new development of their relationship.

The refusal received by Darcy was not an easy test for his pride. A man of aristocratic upbringing, he did not betray the feelings raging in him. With his restraint, the most natural way to express emotions was not direct dialogue with his chosen one, but correspondence with her.

The development of Elizabeth's feelings for Darcy appears before the reader in all its complexity and inconsistency: from hostility to doubts, then regret about her judgments about him, finally, to admiration, to the understanding that meeting him is the main event of her life. The complexity of the emotional experiences of the heroine corresponds to a complex system of stylistic means of expression. Here is the author's comment, which conveys to the reader the confusion of her feelings (a flutter of spirits). Here are the details of the interior and landscape, which allow Elizabeth to see Darcy in a new light: "She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste". The feeling that seized Elizabeth at the sight of the beauty around her is expressed by one adjective - delighted. "Elizabeth was delighted" is the key phrase describing her state during her visit to Pemberley. She admires the impeccable taste of the owner, who managed not to disturb the natural beauty of the landscape. No less pleasure gives her the interior decoration of the house - not eye-catching luxury, but genuine elegance. An enthusiastic review of Darcy by his housekeeper becomes another revelation for Elizabeth. Finally, the masculine beauty of his appearance in the portrait, which both Elizabeth and her uncle and aunt admire, is in harmony with the beauty of everything that surrounds him.

All these external impressions gradually transform Elizabeth's initially hostile attitude towards Darcy into completely different feelings, and her internal and improperly direct speech, intertwined with the author's narration, makes it possible to trace all the shades of this evolution. So, Elizabeth's first reaction to everything she saw in Pemberley was expressed in her internal remark "And of this place", thought she, "I might have been mistress!". This involuntary regret is replaced by a phrase in which she reminds herself: “...that could never be; my uncle and aunt would have been lost to me; I should not have been allowed to invite them". The subjunctive with the perfect infinitive here indicates not so much regret for a missed opportunity in the past, but the complete impossibility for her to marry such a snob who would not allow her to receive her relatives. But then, listening to the housekeeper Darcy, looking at his portrait, she begins to understand the scale of his personality. Each phrase in her internal monologue, marked with an exclamation mark, betrays her inner excitement, a gradual change in her assessments: “What praise is more valuable than the praise of an intelligent servant? As a brother, a landlord, a master, she considered how many people "s happiness were in his guardianship! How much of pleasure or pain it was in his power to bestow! How much of good or evil must be done by him!" .

And yet the main result of her reflections is different. Unexpectedly for herself, she begins to understand how harmoniously they complement each other. At the end of the novel, Darcy's words about what meeting with Elizabeth meant in his life will become consonant with her reflections. But his first statement was arrogantly contemptuous: "I am in no humor of present to give a consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men". Later, in the moments of the first confession, at first confident in her consent, then stunned by her refusal, he speaks directly about all his fears regarding their possible union:

“These bitter accusations might have been suppressed, had I, with greater policy, concealed my struggles, and flattered you into the belief of my being impelled by unqualified, unalloyed inclination; by reason, by reflection, by everything. But disguise of every sort is my abhorrence... Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?” .

In his speech, an allied enumeration of homogeneous prepositional additions (by reason, by reflection, by everything), the use of conditional and subjunctive moods (might have been suppressed, had I concealed, could you expect), a parallel construction in two consecutive interrogative sentences ( Could you expect me to rejoice... To congratulate myself...) create a build-up effect, thanks to which his resentment and irritation find their expression. Darcy's love is perhaps the main psychological mystery of this novel. There is nothing rational in his feeling, although he is undoubtedly a reasonable and insightful person. As he himself speaks for the first time about his love: “In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.

Some researchers (for example, M. Puvey), referring the novel to realistic works, consider its end to be purely romantic. It is too incredible (not like in life) that Elizabeth's fate is happily shaping up. But perhaps Jane Austen's psychologism, the reliability of her characters, is manifested in the fact that she portrays Darcy's love as a passion beyond reason and calculation (and therefore possible). Darcy's path towards Elizabeth is a path of getting rid of prejudice and arrogance, from vanity, pride and self-confidence to a sharply self-critical assessment of his character: “I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle ... I was spoiled by my parents, who, though good themselves ... allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing, to care for none beyond my own family circle, to think meanly of all the rest of the world, to wish at least to think meanly of their sense and worth compared with my own... You taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous” . In this conversation with Elizabeth, his self-esteem is heard. The repetition of the word selfish, italicization of the words right, child, wish, parallel constructions (I was taught, I was given, I was spoiled) and enumerations betray his excited, confessional mood, his gratitude to Elizabeth, love for whom made him different.

So from the many observations, meetings, impressions in the souls of Elizabeth and Darcy, a new image of each other gradually arises. The fullness of life that each of them finds in the other creates a common major key of the whole work. And besides, throughout the novel, the dramatic twists and turns of their relationship are intertwined with comic scenes.

Comic characters constantly bring the story to life. The first of them is Mrs. Bennet. The mother of five adult daughters, she only thinks about how to marry them off. There are many obstacles to this, not the least of which is the stupidity and vulgarity of Mrs. Bennet herself. Mrs. Bennet is a very impulsive and impatient creature.

The essence of her character is perfectly betrayed by each of her remarks. The lexico-syntactic composition of her dialogue is always simple: words from everyday life, abrupt exclamations and interrogative sentences, betraying the heroine's vanity, her ineradicable curiosity: “Well, Jane, who is it from? What is it about? What does he say? Well, Jane, make haste and tell us, make haste, my Love.

In describing the character of Mrs. Bennet, J. Austin effectively uses the dramatization of the narrative, i.e., gives the character an opportunity for self-expression. For example, in chapter 59, she calls Darcy disagreeable, that is, an unpleasant subject, and remains sincere in her dislike for him: “I am quite sorry Lizzy, that you should be forced to have that disagreeable man all to yourself; but I hope you won "t mind. It is all for Jane sake". But at the end of the same chapter, she breaks through with a stream of enthusiastic cries: "... Mr. Darcy! Who would have thought it? And is it really true? Oh , my sweetest Lizzy! How rich and how great you will be! What pin-money, what jewels, what carriages you will have! Jane "s is nothing to it - at all. I am so pleased - so happy. These exclamations are no less sincere than what she said about Darcy before, although they are directly opposite in meaning. This change of values in Mrs. Bennet's speech creates a visible image of a truly comic heroine.

But there are characters in the novel that are not outlined with soft comic strokes, but in a truly satirical way. Unlike the main characters of the novel, who are constantly learning to better understand themselves and each other, who sincerely experience their delusions and shortcomings, comic and, especially, satirical characters do not undergo any changes in their development.

The first of these is Mr. Collins, whose name has become a household name in English literature. Collins is presented as a self-satisfied fool on his first visit to the Bennet household. He is unbearably pompous and verbose. He endlessly praises his own virtues and the advantages of his position, the main of which is the patronage of the wealthy aristocrat Lady Catherine de Boer. Having never seen him, only by the tone of his letter, eloquent, verbose, Elizabeth determined the character of its author in one word - pompous. She will have to make sure that there was something worse in him - the ability to basely worship the powerful of this world and the ability to humiliate someone who was lower than him in wealth and position. The base essence of his nature makes itself felt most of all in the most difficult period for the Bennet family: during the flight of Lydia with Wickham. Collins sends them a letter - "condolences". The lexical composition of this letter is represented by sublime literary vocabulary: respectable family, present distress of the bitterest kind, the death as a blessing, augmented satisfaction, involved in disgrace, etc. and a great deal of gloating and self-satisfaction at the knowledge that, having been rejected by Elizabeth and married to Charlotte Lucas, he is now spared the need to share the shame with the Bennet family.

Thus, the author's strategy can be defined here as the desire to create an image of such a character as Mr. Collins on the basis of self-disclosure of his character, because in all cases, Collins' own statements and actions become the main means of characterizing the various properties of his nature: hypocrisy, lackey humiliation and narrow-mindedness.

Lady Catherine de Boer, who appears on the pages of the novel twice, perfectly complements and sets off Collins. Elizabeth meets with her when she comes to visit the Collins. She is struck by the arrogance of the mistress of the estate: she considers herself entitled to ask the Collins and Elizabeth about any details of their private life, intervene and give advice on how to manage the household, etc. Another time, Lady de Boer herself comes to the Bennet house. Now she pours out real streams of abuse on Elizabeth. She called the rumor of a possible engagement of her nephew, Mr. Darcy, and Elizabeth a vile fabrication, then launched threats and insults against Elizabeth and her relatives. The imperious and peremptory tone of her speech, the very choice of words like the upstart, retentions of a young woman without family, connections, or fortune testifies not only to dislike for Elizabeth, but also to the rudeness and arrogance of this noble lady. However, ironically, it was she who became the unwitting accomplice of the marriage of her nephew and Elizabeth. Upon learning of her conversation with Elizabeth, Darcy realized that Elizabeth loved him and would accept his proposal. So evil punished itself, and if we can talk about the influence of Ben Jonson's ideas on D. Austin, then it affected precisely this: evil in her novel is defeated due to internal causes and contradictions.

In addition to the lyrical-dramatic plot line, represented by the images of the main characters, in addition to its comedic-satirical beginning, which is carried by Mrs. Bennet, the Reverend Collins and Lady de Boer, the novel also has an adventurous and picaresque component, represented by such characters as Wickham and Lydia Bennet . By themselves, as individuals, they are quite ordinary and do not represent anything. Lydia thinks only about her admirers and about getting married as soon as possible, and running away with Wickham is the result of her next passion. Wickham seems to be a more significant person in comparison with her, he is an attractive young man, an interesting conversationalist. But the difference between what he says about himself and who he really is is very striking. The fact that, running away from the regiment, he drags Lydia along with him, shows not so much the depravity of his nature as his inability to foresee the consequences of his actions. The adventurous and picaresque episode itself, associated with these two characters, gives considerable tension to the plot. At stake is not only the honor of Lydia, but the entire Bennet family, the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy. Thanks to Darcy, the episode gets a happy ending, because in the wonderful world of Jane Austen's heroes there is no place for evil and dishonesty.

Among the most important stylistic devices of Jane Austen is, first of all, irony, already mentioned in connection with the characteristics of the characters. The ironic effect is created both with the help of grammatical means (for example, the use of the subjunctive mood), and by means of vocabulary, when the spoken words are directly opposite in meaning to what is meant. So, Mr. Bennet is ironic when he says that, admiring his three sons-in-law, he singles out Wickham as his favorite (“Wickham, perhaps, is my favorite”), while he has nothing but antipathy for Wickham.

The author's comment at the beginning of chapter 61 is also ironic: “Happy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters". The happiest day in the life of a mother, Mrs. Bennet, is called the day when she "got rid" of her two most worthy daughters. The dictionary definition of the phrasal predicate get rid (to make a person free from - get rid) to some extent contrasts in meaning with the words happy day (a day of pleasure - a happy day), so the author expresses his ironic attitude to Mrs. Bennet's maternal aspirations.

Widely uses Jane Austen and indirect speech, which allows you to see the inner world of the heroine in the moments of her most powerful emotional experiences and emotions. So, a series of short interrogative and exclamatory sentences, uttered by the heroine “to herself” after an unexpected meeting with Darcy in Pemberley, perfectly conveys her excitement at that moment: “Her coming there was the most unfortunate, the most ill-judged thing in the world! How strange must it appear to him! In what a disgraceful light might it not strike so vain a man! It might seem as if she had purposely thrown herself in his way again! Oh! Why did she come? Or, why did he thus come a day before he was expected?” .

The lexical composition of the author's speech is determined by commonly used or neutral vocabulary. Even to convey strong emotional tension, the writer does not resort to any sophisticated techniques, but very skillfully uses the superlative degree of comparison of adjectives. Thus, the changed opinion about Wickham is expressed in a simple phrase: “Everybody declared that he was the wickedest young man in the world”.

The nervous state in which Elizabeth and Jane were waiting for news of Lydia is conveyed with the help of a metaphorical epithet: “Every day at Longbourn was now a day of anxiety; but the most anxious part of each was when the post was expected” .

Adjectives in a superlative degree characterize the state of the heroes in the happiest moments of their lives: “... the liveliest emotion; ...the happiest creature in the world; ...the happiest, wisest, and most reasonable end!" - all about Jane Bennet after Mr. Bingley proposed to her. If Bingley was a universal favorite, then the attitude of those around him to Darcy was more difficult, epithets also help to understand all his shades and changes. Austin first describes the general admiration for him: “A fine figure of a man... much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration...» . But Darcy's restrained behavior, which everyone takes for arrogance, very soon causes dislike for him. Now the attitude towards him is expressed in a gradually increasing stream of enumerations of all kinds of negative qualities:

“.He was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend" .

This list uses constructions with the infinitive (to be proud, to be above his company) and gerund (above being pleased, from having a ... countenance, being unworthy), as well as epithets with negative connotations (forbidding, disagreeable, unworthy) . This first impression of Darcy very soon turned into a persistent negative attitude towards him both on the part of the entire provincial society, and Elizabeth and her family in particular. It took a lot of events, meetings, explanations before Elizabeth saw and learned the true essence of his nature.

An important stylistic role is played in the novel by the size of sentences: from short replicas in dialogues and sentences of medium length, which form the author's commentary, to very large sentences, sometimes occupying a whole paragraph. One such example is a passage from Jane's letter to Elizabeth about the unsuccessful search for Lydia and Wickham: “By this time, my dearest sister, you have received my hurried letter; I wish this may be more intelligible, but though not confined for time, my head is so bewildered that I cannot answer for being coherent... Imprudent as a marriage between Mr. Wickham and our poor Lydia would be, we are now anxious to be assured it has taken place, for there is but too much reason to fear they are not gone to Scotland” . In this passage, the author strings together a series of compound sentences (that I cannot answer for being coherent, imprudent as a marriage ... would be; for there is but too much reason to fear they are not gone to Scotland) and compound sentences (By this time, my dearest sister, you have received my hurried letter; I wish this may be more intelligible...) to create either retrospective or conjectural (a marriage between Mr. W and Lydia would be), or a synchronous depiction of events and feelings (my head is so bewildered, there is too much reason to fear they are not gone to Scotland), as well as to convey feverish states of thought and action (my head is so bewildered; I cannot answer for being coherent). Complex constructions turn out to be necessary and adequate for the entire complex range of feelings experienced by Jane.

One of the novel's climaxes is an evening at the Bennets' house, when Mr. Darcy asks for Elizabeth's hand in marriage from her father. It seems that all the diversity of J. Austin's stylistic devices is concentrated on these pages. Here is the dramatization of the narrative: Darcy's whispered words “Go to your father; he wants you in the library", Elizabeth's dialogue with her father, which uses the escalation effect: "Lizzy", said he, "what are you doing? Are you out of your senses, to be accepting this man? Haven't you always hated him?" . Here are parallel constructions, the stylistically colored use of the subjunctive mood and italics in Elizabeth's non-direct speech: “... But he was going to be made unhappy, and that it should be through her means; that she, his favorite child, should be distressing him by her choice, should be filling him with fears and regrets in disposing of her, was a wretched reflection” . This convergence of stylistic devices creates the effect of enormous emotional tension and complete authenticity of what is happening.

The skillful stylistic skill of Jane Austen creates a very lively, very reliable picture of the customs, way of life, life of a small provincial society. It was inhabited by quite ordinary people. Only a few of them possessed a developed mind, independence of judgment and nobility. But it was they who filled this novel with such a joyful acceptance of life, such optimism, which did not sound with such force in any subsequent work of J. Austin.

In this novel, that system of ethical values (sincerity, benevolence, rejection of class swagger, self-esteem) that Jane Austen's characters embody is finally formed. Her ethical ideal also finds an equivalent artistic expression: impeccable stylistic mastery is combined with the skillful use of the genre possibilities of the novel.

In Pride and Prejudice, such compositional principles of a realistic novel as a complex system of characters, a significant role of the chronotope in the development of the plot, as well as portrait and landscape sketches in their characterological and aesthetic functions, and finally, the complex subjective organization of the text, in which the dominant role belongs impersonal narration, but where each character, not only the main one, but also the secondary one, thanks to dramatization, the inclusion of improperly direct speech and intexts, gets the opportunity to express himself, as it were, on his own.

Thus, in the novel "Pride and Prejudice", 25-30 years before the release of the first novels of Dickens, the recognized founder and classic of English critical realism, the characteristic features of this artistic method were already showing through.

Bibliography

1. Amelina T.A. Problems of realism in the work of Jane Austen (method and style): author. dis. ... cand. philol. Sciences. - M., 1973.
2. Demurova N.M. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice // Austen J. Pride and Prejudice. - M.: Progress, 1961.
3. Austen J. Pride and Prejudice. - M., 1961.
4. Cecil D. A Portrait of Jane Austen. - London, Constable, 1979.
5. Kestner J. Jane Austen. Spatial Structure of Thematic Variations. - Salzburg, IESL, 1974.
6. Masefield M. Women Novelists from Fanny Burney to George Eliot. - London, Y.N. & Watson, 1967.
7. Poovey M. The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer. Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen. - Chicago and L. - UCP, 1985. - Pp. xxi+288.

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