OLD AND RARE RUSSIAN NAMES.
AVDEUS - (Heb.) - servant
AURELIUS - (lat) - golden)
AGAP - (Greek) - beloved
AKAKIY - (Greek) - gentle
AKILA - (lat) - eagle
ALEXEY - (Greek) - defender
ALIM - (Greek) - anointed
ALONY - unknown
AMFIL - (Greek) - from Amphilia
ANIKA - (Greek) - invincible
ANISIM - (Greek) - useful
ANTIP - (Greek) - stubborn
ARDALLION - (lat) - idle
ARIEL - (Heb) - God's lion
ARTAMON - (Greek) - sail
ASTION - (Greek) - urban
ASTERIUS - (Greek) - starry
BABYLA - (Heb) - from Babylon
VALENT - (lat) - healthy
VALENTIN - (lat) - healthy
BARBAR - (Greek) - foreigner
BASILIDS - (Greek) - son of the king
BASILY - (Greek) - king
BASILISK - (Greek) - king
BELISARY - (Greek) - shooter
VIANOR - (Greek) - strong
VICTOR - (lat) - winner
VISSARION - (Greek) - forest
VITALY - (lat) - vital
GALAKTION - (Greek) - milky
GALASIA - (Greek) - laughing
GERASIM - (Greek) - venerable
HERON - (Greek) - old
GILAR - (Greek) - cheerful
DAVID - (Heb) - beloved
DAN - (Heb) - judge
DAY - (Greek) - divine
DIODOR - (Greek) - God's gift
DONAT - (lat) - bestowed
EPHREM - (Heb) - prolific
ZAHAR - (Heb) - the memory of God
ZOT - (Greek) - life
IZOT - (Greek) - life
ELIY - (Greek) - sunny
ILIODOR - (Greek) - gift of Helium
JOB - (Heb) - persecuted
IONA - (Heb) - dove
IPAT - (Greek) - high
IPPOLIT - (Greek) - driver
IRINEUS - (Greek) - peaceful
ISAK (ISAAK) - (Heb) - laughter
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
KALIDIUM - (lat) - ardent
KALIST - (Greek) - beautiful
KARION - (Greek) - Karian
CARP - (Greek) - fruit
KIRYAN - (Greek) - lord
KIRILL - (Greek) - Lord's
CLAUDIUS - (lat) - lame
KONON - (Greek) - worker
KRONID - (Greek) - son of Kron
LAVR - (Greek) - laurel
LEON - (Greek) - lion
LEONID - (Greek) - son of a lion
LEONTIUS - (Greek) - lion
LOT - (Heb) - bedspread
LUKA - (lat) - luminous
MAVR - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAXIM - (lat) - big
MARES - (lat) - lord
MARIUS - (lat) - lord
MARKIAN - (lat) - son of Mark
MARON - (sir) - our Lord
MATVEY - (Heb) - gift of God
MILY - (Greek) - apple
MODEST - (lat) - modest
NAUM - (Heb) - consolation
NIKITA - (Greek) - winner
NIKON - (Greek) - victorious
NIT - (Greek) - shine
NOY - (Heb) - unknown
ODYSSEY - (Greek) - angry
ONISIM - (Greek) - useful
ORENTIUS - (Greek) - mountainous
OREST - (Greek) - Highlander
PAUL - (lat) - small
PAISIY - (Greek) - child
PARD - (Greek) - leopard
POTAP - (Egypt) - supreme
PATRIKEY - (lat) - noble
PELEUS - (Greek) - clay
PEREGRIN - (lat) - wanderer
PETER - (Greek) - stone
PETRONIUS - (Greek) - stone
PERFIL - (Greek) - purple
PIMEN - (Greek) - shepherd
PLATON - (Greek) - wide
PONTIUS - (Greek) - marine
PROV - (lat) - honest
PROKL - (lat) - distant
PROTAS - (Greek) - advanced
RIKS - (lat) - king
RUFIN - (lat) - red
SAVIN - (lat) - Sabine
SAMSON - (Heb) - sunny
NORTH - (lat) - strict
SIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
POWER - (lat) - peace
SOLOMON - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHON - (Heb) - God covered
STRATON - (Greek) - belligerent
TIT - (lat) - caring
TIKHON - (Greek) - lucky
TRIFON - (Greek) - pampered
TURVON - (lat) - whirlwind
UVAR - (lat) - bow-legged
URVAN - (lat) - polite
URIEL - (Heb) - fire
PHEDR - (Greek) - shining
FEDUL - (Greek) - God's servant
FELIX - (lat) - happy
FERAPONT - (Greek) - servant
FILARET - (Greek) - dobrolyub
PHILII - (Greek) - love
PHILIMON - (Greek) - beloved
PHILOTHEUS - (Greek) - Bogolyub
FIRM - (Greek) - strong
FOCA - (Greek) - from Phokis
FOMA - (Greek) - twin
PHOTIUS - (Greek) - light
JULIUS - (lat) - curly
FEMALE NAMES.
ADA - (Heb) - decoration
ANGELINA - (Greek) - messenger
ANISYA - (Greek) - successful
ANFISA - (Greek) - blooming
VARVARA - (Greek) - foreigner
VASSA - (Greek) - desert
VICTORIA - (lat) - victory
GALATEA - (Greek) - dairy
GALINA - (Greek) - quiet
DAMARA - (Greek) - wife
DARIA - (Persian) - owning
DIGNA - (lat) - slender
DOMNA - (lat) - mistress
EVE - (Heb) - life
Euphemia - (Greek) - sacred
ELENA - (Greek) - light
ESENIA - (Arabic) - beautiful
ZOYA - (Greek) - life
ILARIA - (Greek) - cheerful
INNA - (lat) - floating
IRAID - (Greek) - daughter of Hera
IRINA - (Greek) - peaceful
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
IA - (Greek) - violet
KALERIA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALIDA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALISA - (Greek) - beautiful
CASINIA - (lat) - maid
KIRA - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRYANA - (Greek) - mistress
CLAUDIA - (lat) - lame
CLARA - (lat) - clear
CONCORDIA - (lat) - consent
LARINA - (lat) - seagull
LEONIL - (Greek) - lioness
LEIA - (Heb) - antelope
LUKI - (Greek) - luminous
MAVRA - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MANETHA - (Heb) - given
MARINA - (lat) - marine
MARFA - (lat) - mistress
NIKA - (Greek) - victory
PAVLA - (Greek) - small
PAVLINA - (Greek) - small
PINNA - (lat) - pearl
RAISA - (Greek) - careless
RIMMA - (Heb) - apple
RUFINA - (lat) - red
SALOME - (Heb) - calm
SARRA - (Heb) - mistress
SOLOMONIA - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHIA - (Greek) - wise
TAIFA - (Heb) - gazelle
TAMARA - (Heb) - fig tree
TRIPHENA - (Greek) - tender
FAINA - (Greek) - shining
FYOKLA - (Greek) - the glory of God
FAIRY - (Greek) - goddess
FOTA - (Greek) - light
HARISA - (Arabic) - guard
CHRIS - (Greek) - golden
Registration number 0294525 issued for the work:
Once upon a time, the tribes of the Slavs, our ancestors, lived on the southeastern tip of Europe. They had their own, Slavic language, their own culture and, of course, their own names. These names were very different, but their meaning was quite clear to those around them, since they were compiled on the basis of their own verbal meanings. For example, men called each other like this: Bazhen, Baluy, Flea, Vlad, Second, Walk, Duda, Tomilo, Strength, Nekras, Devil, Shish, Yavul, Yaroy ... Among the ruling class, two-part names prevailed: Gostomysl, Vladimir, Mstislav, Izyaslav , Svyatopolk, Borivoy, Dobrognev and others. And the woman had the following names: Baya, Belika, Birch, Vera, Veselina, Cherry, Goditsa, Grida, Dana, Darena, Envy, Willow, Kveta, Lepa, Lyubisha, Milolika, Nezha, Pervunya, Rakita, Tsvetana, Charusha, Yara , Yasen and many, many like them, taken from the surrounding life and understandable to everyone without any translation.
But then the time came for the Eastern Slavs to unite into a large and strong state. As is often the case, one of the powerful unifying factors in this process was religion. And again, as is often the case, the main religion was not its own primordial faith, but another religion, from the outside, which turned out to be stronger at that time and more suitable for uniting heterogeneous tribes and languages into one nationwide state system.
For Europeans, Christianity turned out to be such a powerful locomotive religion, which was based on the Jewish religion. ancient mythology. Later this mythology was creatively developed by the Greeks, the most advanced and progressive people of antiquity. The Greeks developed the cult of worship in detail, giving its actions and objects Greek names and - gave rise to the tradition of calling all those converted to the Christian faith by Greek, for the most part, names. Later, the Romans came to the state leaders of southwestern Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, who contributed to the naming of Christians. And, of course, many Jewish names remained in Christianity, only a few modified in their spelling and pronunciation in a new language environment for them.
Our ancestors, the Eastern Slavs, began to be called Russian by the name of the leading state-forming people, the Rus, and their state was nicknamed Rus from those Rus. They adopted Christianity later than the Latins and most of the Germans - at the very end of the 10th century AD, and adopted it from the eastern part of the Roman world, which had split into two parts, from the state of Byzantium or Romea. The state language, as they would now say, of Byzantium was the Greek language, and the orthodox version of the Christian faith was confessed there. In Russia, this faith was later called Orthodoxy, and at first they called the right faith, and themselves - orthodox.
In addition to Russia, other neighboring peoples also became Orthodox, many of them even earlier than the Russians. For example, Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, Ossetians, and before all Georgians. It so happened that in the first centuries in the Russian state, the entire top of the priesthood-priesthood was made up of newcomer Greeks. This is probably why the Russians have them Slavic names over time, turned out to be far on the periphery of naming, and the number of new Christian names turned out to be disproportionately large compared to the rest Orthodox peoples(except for the Greeks, where these names were native). Although in the first centuries of the existence of Kievan Rus there was a so-called double naming. That is, along with the Slavic familiar name, the baby at baptism received in addition, moreover, as the official main one, also a Christian name. One of the prominent Russian princes of that time, Vladimir Monomakh (late 11th - early 12th century AD), who, according to Christian custom, was called Vasily, directly wrote about this.
Later, the original Slavic names were almost completely ousted from the life of our ancestors, except for a small part of them associated with the name of the ancient Slavic saints recognized by the church. And Greek names in their meaning and origin began to occupy the Russians - and now they occupy - the first place in terms of the number of name-bearers. And the first by a wide margin from the rest. The second and third places were Jewish and Roman names, only the fourth place was Slavic, and there are also a few names taken from other peoples, such as Arameans, Persians, Syrians, Egyptians, and so on.
Once in a new cultural and linguistic Slavic environment for them, the Greco-Roman-Jewish names changed somewhat, as if adjusted to the Slavic pronunciation. The Slavs abandoned the whistling Greek endings OS and EC, and the new names in their mouths became more solid and solid than before. Of the large number of Christian-Greek names proposed by the new spiritual authorities to their flock, only a part of them remained over time, the most suitable for the Russian ear, and the most unpronounceable names, although they were included in the lists for obligatory naming (the so-called saints), in wide use and circulation were not accepted because of their complexity and incomprehensibility. Many of these names that did not come into use were very funny and strange for the Slavic consciousness, such as, for example, these among men: Varipsav, Genoflius, Honorat, Desiderius, Exuperantius, Yehudiel, Iperichiy, Kalyumnioz, Lupp, Puplius, Primitiv, Satyr, Tychik, Fafuil, Fuchsik, Hudion and others. And from among the dissonant female Greek names I will name the following: Gaafa, Golinduha, Denegatia, Dragon, Nunechia, Perpetua, Plakilla, Prepedigna, Sinferusa, Yazdundokta ...
Yes, such names were, as they say, God forbid!
In addition, Russian people tend to call each other by diminutive names, which greatly simplifies communication. And further. Many male Christian names sounded and sound very powerful and strong. In principle, the majority of such names. For example, the names Andron, Gerasim, Dormidont, Yegor, Evgraf, Kronid, Lavr, Martemyan, Nazar, Nikandr, Pankrat, Prokhor, Firs, Frol and others are very energetic - that is, sound wave- tough and powerful. BUT female names, such as the following: Aksinya, Anastasia, Evlalia, Elena, Iya, Kalisa, Xenia, Natalya, Taisiya or Yulia - gentle and soft.
This is fine. This is how it should be: strong and hard names should prevail among male names, and beautiful and soft ones among female ones. Because the main male natural essence is strength and will, and the main female natural essence is tenderness and love. Therefore, our ancestors completely tuned in to Christian names that were foreign to them and over the centuries literally got used to them. These names are now inextricably linked with our history and our former culture. True, times are inevitably changing, and now we have a lot of completely different names in everyday life, but still the basis of the current Russian name-book is now Christian names that are familiar to everyone.
The author managed to collect a large number of old Russian names of Christian origin. Most of this collection was widely used both among the people and among the ruling class, as well as among the monastics and priests. The list below contains just such names, and the author tried not to include unpronounceable and rarely used names there, although a certain number of such names are also presented in the list.
So - here is this list of old Orthodox Russian names:
ABEL - (Heb) - light breath
ARON (AARON) - (Heb) - mountainous, high
ABBAKUM (ABAKUM) - (Heb) - the embrace of God
AUGUSTINE - (lat) - sacred, majestic
AVDEUS - (Heb.) - servant
AVENIR - (Heb) - Father-light (in the sense of God-light)
AVERKY - (lat) - holding
AVERYAN - (lat) - driving away (enemies)
ABIL - from Babylon (Heb) - Babylonian
AVSEUS - from Eusebius (Greek) - pious
AKSYON - from Auxentius (Greek) - growing
ABRAAM (ABRAM) - (Heb) - father of many (nations)
AURELIUS - (lat) - golden)
AUTONOMY - (Greek) - independent
AGAP - (Greek) - beloved
AGAPIT - (Greek) - beloved
AGAFANGEL - (Greek) - messenger of love
AGAFON (GAPON) - (Greek) - good
AGEY (AGGEY) - (Heb) - solemn
Agnius - (Greek) - pure, immaculate
ADAM - (Heb) - man of clay
ASIA - from Aza (Heb) - powerful, strong
AZAR - from Azariah (Heb) - God's help
AKAKIY - (Greek) - gentle
AKILA - (lat) - eagle
Akim - from Joachim (Heb) - God affirms
AKSYON - (Greek) - multiplication
ANDRIYAN (ADRIAN) - (lat) - from Adria
ANKUDIN - from Akindin (Greek) - safe
ALIFAN - from Alvian (lat) - white
ALEXANDER - (Greek) - protector of husbands
ALEXEY - (Greek) - defender
ALIM - (Greek) - anointed
ALIPIY - (Greek) - carefree
ALONY - unknown
ALFEY - (Greek) - in honor of the god of the river of the same name
ALFYOR - (Greek) - worthy to be free
ALFIM - from Evfimy (Greek) - benevolent
AMBROSIUS (ABROSIM) - (Greek) - immortal
AMOS - (Heb) - bearing weight
AMFIL - (Greek) - from Amphilia
ANANIUS - (Heb) - the grace of God
ANASTASIO (ANASTAS) - (Greek) - resurrected
ANATOLY - (Greek) - eastern, ascending, or from Anatolia
ANGEL (ANGEL) - (Greek) - God's messenger
ANDREY (ANDRON) - (Greek) - courageous
ANDRONIK - (Greek) - winner of husbands
ANIKA - (Greek) - invincible
ANISIM - (Greek) - useful
ANTIP - (Greek) - stubborn
ANTIPATHER - (Greek) - father's deputy
ANTON (ANTONY) - (lat) - large
ANTROP (ANDROP) - from Eutrop (Greek) - well-behaved
ANFIM (ANFIR) - (Greek) - blooming
ANUFRIUS - (Greek) - sacred bull
ANTSIFER - (Greek) - beneficial
APELLES - (Greek) - collector
APOLLO (APOLLONIUS) - (Greek) - in honor of the god Apollo
APOLLINARIUS - (Greek) - dedicated to Apollo
ARDALLION - (lat) - idle
ARETHIUS - (Greek) - glorious in deeds
ARIA - (Greek) - dedicated to Ares
ARIS (ARIAN) - (Greek) - dedicated to Ares
ARISTARCH - (Greek) - the best ruler
ARISTON (ARISTION) - (Greek) - dedicated to the god Aristaeus.
ARIEL - (Heb) - God's lion
ARKADY - (Greek) - a shepherd, or from Arcadia
ARMODY - (Greek) - suitable
ARSENY (ARSENTIY, ARSEN) - (Greek) - courageous
ARTEMIUS (ARTEM) - (Greek) - dedicated to Artemis
ARTAMON - (Greek) - sail
ARCHIP - (Greek) - senior rider
ASTAPHY - from Eustathius (Greek) - well-appointed
ASTION - (Greek) - urban
ASTERIUS - (Greek) - starry
ATHANASIUS - (Greek) - immortal
ATHINOGENS - (Greek) - born of Athena
ATHINODOR - (Greek) - Athena's gift
AFRANIUS - (lat) - African
AFRICAN - (lat) - African
ATHO (ATHONY) - (Greek) - independent
ACHILLIUS (ACHILLUS) - (Greek) - in honor of the hero Achilles
BABYLA - (Heb) - from Babylon
VALENT - (lat) - healthy
VALENTIN - (lat) - healthy
VALERIAN (VALERIAN) - (lat) - son of Valery
VALERY - (lat) - healthy, strong
BARBAR - (Greek) - foreigner
VARLAM (VARLAAM) - (aramean) - the son of God
BARNABA - (Aramaean) - the son of the prophet
BARFOLOMEY (VACHROMEUS) - (aramey) - son of arable land
BASILIDS - (Greek) - son of the king
BASILY - (Greek) - king
BASILISK - (Greek) - king
VASSIAN - (Greek) - son of Vass, Vassia
VEDENEY - from Benedict (lat) - blessed
BELISARY - (Greek) - shooter
VENEDIM - (lat) - from the Wends origin
VENEDIKT - (lat) - blessed
VENIAMIN - (Heb) - son of the right hand
VIANOR - (Greek) - strong
VIKENTIY - (lat) - victorious
VICTOR - (lat) - winner
VISSARION - (Greek) - forest
VITALY - (lat) - vital
VLAS (VLASIY) - (Greek) - rough, simple
VIKUL (VUKOL) - (Greek) - shepherd
GABRIEL (GABRIL) - (Heb) - the fortress of God
GAI - (Greek) - earthly, dedicated to Gaia
GALAKTION - (Greek) - milky
GEDEON - (Heb) - who knows how to handle weapons
GALASIA - (Greek) - laughing
HELIUM - (Greek) - solar, dedicated to Helios
HECTOR - (Greek) - Almighty
GENNADY - (Greek) - well-born
GEORGE - (Greek) - farmer
GERASIM - (Greek) - venerable
GERMAN - (lat) - consanguineous, native
HERMOGENES - (Greek) - from the genus Hermes
HERON - (Greek) - old
GILAR - (Greek) - cheerful
GORGIA - (Greek) - formidable, terrible
GORDIAN - (Greek) - son of Gordias
GORDEY (GORDIUS) - (Phrygian-Greek) - unknown
GRIGORY - (Greek) - vigilant, awake
GURIY (GURYAN) - (Heb) - lion cub
DAVID - (Heb) - beloved
DALMAT - (Greek) - from Dalmatia
DAN - (Heb) - judge
DANIEL (DANILA) - (Heb) - my destiny
DAY - (Greek) - divine
DEMENTIUM - (lat) - tamer
DEMYAN (DAMIAN) - (Heb) - tamed
DENIS (DIONISIUS) - (Greek) - dedicated to Dionysus
DIODOR - (Greek) - God's gift
DIOMIDE (DEMID) - (Greek) - God's advice
DION - (Greek) - from the name of the city
DMITRY (DEMITRY) - (Greek) - dedicated to Demeter
DONAT - (lat) - bestowed
DORMIDONT - (Greek) - head of the spearmen
DOROTHEY - (Greek) - given by God
DOSITHEY - (Greek) - given by God
EUGENE - (Greek) - noble
Evgraf - (Greek) - hand-written handsome man
Evdokim - (Greek) - full of kindness
EVLALIY - (Greek) - genteel
Evlampy - (Greek) - blessed
Eulogius - (Greek) - blessed, eloquent
EUMEN - (Greek) - supportive
ENIKEY - (Greek) - victorious
EVSEUS (EVSEVIUS) - (Greek) - pious
EVSTIGNEY - (Greek) - a good relative
EUSTAFIUS (OSTAP) - (Greek) - well-appointed
EUSTRAT (ELISTRAT) - (Greek) - good warrior
Eutychius - (Greek) - happy
EGOR - from George (Greek) - farmer
ELIZAR (ELEAZAR) - (Greek) - God's help
ELISHA - (Heb) - God saved
EMELYAN (EMILY) - (lat) - affectionate
EPIFAN - (Greek) - revealed by God
EREMEY - (Heb) - exalted by God
YERMIL (ERMILA) - (Greek) - guardian of the Hermes Grove
YERMOLAI - (Greek) - the people of Hermes
EROFEI - (Greek) - dedicated to God
EFIM (EVFIMII) - (Greek) - benevolent
Euphrasius - (Greek) - speaking well
EPHREM - (Heb) - prolific
ZABULON - (Heb) - honor and praise
ZAHAR - (Heb) - the memory of God
ZYNOVIUS - (Greek) - living pleasing to God
ZENON - (Greek) - divine
ZOIL - (Greek) - kind to animals
ZOSIMA - (Greek) - girdling on the way
ZOT - (Greek) - life
IGNAT (IGNATIY) - (lat) - fiery
IZOT - (Greek) - life
ILLARION (ILARY) - (Greek) - cheerful
ELIY - (Greek) - sunny
ILIODOR - (Greek) - gift of Helium
ILYA (ELILYA) - (Heb) - my God
INNOCENT - (lat) - innocent
JOHN (IVAN) - (Heb) - God's grace
JOB - (Heb) - persecuted
IONA - (Heb) - dove
JOSEPH (JOSIA, OSIP) - (Heb) - God multiplied
JORDAN - (Heb) - in honor of the Jordan River
IPAT - (Greek) - high
IPPOLIT - (Greek) - driver
HERACLES - (Greek) - dedicated to Hercules
IRINEUS - (Greek) - peaceful
ISAK (ISAAK) - (Heb) - laughter
ISAI - (Heb) - God's salvation
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
KALIDIUM - (lat) - ardent
KALINIK (KALENIK) - (Greek) - beautifully victorious
KALIST - (Greek) - beautiful
CALISTRAT - (Greek) - a beautiful warrior
CALISPHENE - (Greek) - beauty and strength
CANDID - (lat) - pure, sincere
KAPITON - (lat) - big-headed
CARI - (Greek) - originally from Kari, Kari
KARION - (Greek) - Karian
CARP - (Greek) - fruit
CASTOR - (Greek) - brilliant boss
KASYAN - (lat) - a descendant of Cassius
CAESAR - (lat) - Caesar, emperor
KIPRIAN (KUPRIYAN) - (Greek) - originally from Cyprus
KIR (KIREI) - (Greek) - lord
KIRYAK - (Greek) - Lord's Day
KIRYAN - (Greek) - lord
KIRILL - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRSAN - from Chrysanth (Greek) - golden-colored
CLAUDIUS - (lat) - lame
KLIM (KLIMENT, KLIMENTY) - (lat) - gracious
KONDRAT (KONDRATIY) - from Square (lat) - square, dense
KONON - (Greek) - worker
KONSTANTIN - (lat) - persistent, constant
CORNIL (CORNELIUS) - (lat) - horned
CORONAT - (lat) - crowned, crowned
KOZMA (KUZMA) - (Greek) - space
KRONID - (Greek) - son of Kron
LAVR - (Greek) - laurel
LAVRENTY - (Greek) - laureate crowned with laurel
LAZARUS - (Heb) - God's help
LEON - (Greek) - lion
LEONID - (Greek) - son of a lion
LEONTIUS - (Greek) - lion
LIN - (Greek) - beautiful flower
LIPAT - from Ipat (Greek) - high
LOGIN (LONGIN) - (lat) - long
LOLLI - (Greek) - cockle grass
LOT - (Heb) - bedspread
LUKA - (lat) - luminous
LUKYAN - (lat) - son of Luke, bright
MAVR - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAURITIUS - (Greek) - son of Moor
MAKAR (MAKARY) - (Greek) - blessed, happy
MACEDON (MACEDONIAN) - (Greek) - from Macedonia, Macedonian
MAXIM - (lat) - big
MAXIMILIAN - (lat) - as affectionate as possible
MALATHEY - from Malachi (Heb) - God's messenger
MALC - (Heb) - supreme ruler
MANUEL (MANUYLA) - from Emmanuel (Heb) - God is with us
MARES - (lat) - lord
MARIUS - (lat) - lord
MARIAN - (lat) - a descendant of Mary, marine
MARK - (lat) - dry, withered
MARKEL (MARKELL) - (lat) - warlike
MARKIAN - (lat) - son of Mark
MARON - (sir) - our Lord
MARTYN - (lat) - warlike
MARTYAN (MARTEMYAN) - (lat) - son of Martin
MATVEY - (Heb) - gift of God
Melentius - (Greek) - caring
MELITON - (Greek) - filled with honey
MERCURY (MERCULE) - (lat) - the messenger of the gods, an analogue of Hermes
METHODIUS - (Greek) - purposeful
MILY - (Greek) - apple
MINAI (MINEY) - (Greek) - lunar
MIRON - (Greek) - exuding myrrh
MITRODOR - (Greek) - mother's gift
MITROFAN - (Greek) - manifested by the mother
MICHAEL - (Heb) - like God
MICHAEY - from Michael (Heb) - god-like
MODEST - (lat) - modest
MOSES - (Heb) - pulled out of the water
MOKEY (MOKIY) - (Greek) - mocker
NAZAR - (Heb) - dedicated to God
NAUM - (Heb) - consolation
NATHAN (NATHANAEL) - (Heb) - given by God
NECTARY - (Greek) - nectar
NEON - (Greek) - new, young
NESTOR - (Greek) - returning home
NIKANDR - (Greek) - husband-winner
NIKANOR - (Greek) - husband-winner
NIKITA - (Greek) - winner
NIKIFOR - (Greek) - victorious
NIKODEM - (Greek) - conquering people
NICHOLAS (NIKOLA) - (Greek) - conquering people
NIKON - (Greek) - victorious
NIKOSTRAT - (Greek) - victorious warrior
NIL - (Greek) - in honor of the Nile River
NIT - (Greek) - shine
NIFONT - (Greek) - sober, reasonable
NOY - (Heb) - unknown
ODYSSEY - (Greek) - angry
OLYMPUS (OLYMPIUS) - (Greek) - Olympian, in honor of Mount Olympus
ONISIM - (Greek) - useful
ONUFRY - (Greek) - sacred bull
ORENTIUS - (Greek) - mountainous
OREST - (Greek) - Highlander
ORION - (Greek) - in honor of the mythical giant hero
OSIP (JOSEPH) - (Heb) - God multiplied
PAUL - (lat) - small
PEACOCK - (lat) - from Pavel, small
PAISIY - (Greek) - child
PALAMON - (Greek) - active
PALLADIUS - (Greek) - in honor of Pallas Athena.
PAMFIL (PANFIL) - (Greek) - everyone's favorite
PANKRAT - (Greek) - almighty
PANTELEI (PANTELEIMON) - (Greek) - all-merciful
PARAMON - (Greek) - permanent, solid
PARD - (Greek) - leopard
PARIGORIUS - (Greek) - comforter
PARMEN (PARMENIUS) - (Greek) - resistant
PARTHEN (PARTHENIUS) - (Greek) - chaste
POTAP - (Egypt) - supreme
PATRIKEY - (lat) - noble
PAFNUTIUS - (Egypt) - belonging to God
PAHOM - (Greek) - broad-shouldered
PELEUS - (Greek) - clay
PEREGRIN - (lat) - wanderer
PETER - (Greek) - stone
PETRONIUS - (Greek) - stone
PERFIL - (Greek) - purple
PIMEN - (Greek) - shepherd
PITIRIM - (Sogd) - active
PLATON - (Greek) - wide
POLUEKT - (Greek) - much-desired
POLYCARP - (Greek) - multiple
POLIT - from Hippolyte (Greek) - the owner of the stable
POLYVIUS - (Greek) - multi-life
POMPEY (POMPIUS) - (Greek Lat) - participant in the procession
PONTIUS - (Greek) - marine
PORPHYRY - (Greek) - purple
PROV - (lat) - honest
PROKL - (lat) - distant
PROCOP (PROKOFII) - (Greek) - prosperous
PROTAS - (Greek) - advanced
PROKHOR - (Greek) - leader of the choir
PSOY - (Egypt) - high, high
RADIUM - (Greek) - sunbeam
RADION (RODION) - from Herodium (Greek) - heroic
RAPHAEL - (Heb) - God's healing
RIKS - (lat) - king
ROMAN - (lat) - in honor of the founder of Rome
REUBIM - (Heb) - "look - son!"
RUFIN - (lat) - red
SAVVA (SAVATIY) - (aram-heb) - old man
SAVELY - (Heb) - asked from God
SAVIN - (lat) - Sabine
SADOK (SADKO) - (Heb) - righteous
SAMSON - (Heb) - sunny
SAMUEL (SAMOYLA) - (Heb) - heard by God
SARMAT - (Greek) - from Sarmatia
SEVASTIAN (SAVOSTIAN) - (Greek) - venerable
NORTH - (lat) - strict
SEVERYAN - (lat) - son of the North
SERAPHIM - (Heb) - fiery angel
SERGEY (SERGII) - (lat) - highly esteemed
SIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
SELIFAN (SILUAN) - (lat) - forest
POWER - (lat) - peace
SILVESTR (SELIVERST) - (lat) - forest
SEMYON (SIMEON) - (Heb) - hearing God
SYSOI - from Sisoy (Heb) - white marble
SOZON (SAZON) - (Greek) - savior
SOCRATES - (Greek) - retaining power
SOLOMON - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHON - (Heb) - God covered
SOFRON - (Greek) - prudent
SPIRIDON (SVIRID) - (Greek) - wicker basket
STEPAN (STEFAN) - (Greek) - crowned
STRATON - (Greek) - belligerent
TARAS (TARASIY) - (Greek) - rebel
TERENTIY - (Greek-lat) - threshing bread
TIGER (TIGRIUS) - (Greek) - tiger
TIMOLAY - (Greek) - honoring people
TIMON - (Greek) - respectful
TIMOTHEUS - (Greek) - worshiping God
TIT - (lat) - caring
TIKHON - (Greek) - lucky
TREFIL (TRIFIL) - (Greek) - shamrock
TRIFON - (Greek) - pampered
TROFIM - (Greek) - pupil
TROYAN - (lat) - from Troy, Trojan
TURVON - (lat) - whirlwind
UVAR - (lat) - bow-legged
ULYAN - (lat) - from the genus Yuliev
URVAN - (lat) - polite
URIEL - (Heb) - fire
USTIN - from Justin (lat) - righteous
FAUMAS - (Greek) - amazing
FADEUS (THADDEUS) - (Heb) - praise to God
FALAFE - (Greek) - flowering olive
PHEDR - (Greek) - shining
FYODOR (FEODOR) - (Greek) - divine kind
THEODORITE - (Greek) - God's gift
THEOGNIUS - (Greek) - born of God
FEDOSEY (FEODOSIY) - (Greek) - given by God
FEDOT - (Greek) - given by God
FEDUL - (Greek) - God's servant
FELIX - (lat) - happy
THEODORITE - (Greek) - given by God
FEOKTIST - (Greek) - God created
FEOFAN (FOFAN) - (Greek) - revealed by God
THEOPHIL (FEFIL) - (Greek) - God-loving
FERAPONT - (Greek) - servant
FETIS - (Greek) - God created
FILAGRIUS - (Greek) - loving the village
FILARET - (Greek) - dobrolyub
FILAT - (Greek) - God-protected
PHILII - (Greek) - love
PHILIMON - (Greek) - beloved
PHILIP - (Greek) - horse lover
PHILO - from Filimon (Greek) - favorite
PHILOTHEUS - (Greek) - Bogolyub
FIRM - (Greek) - strong
FIRS - (Greek) - thyrsus, a rod entwined with grapes
FLAVIA - lat) - yellow, golden
FLEGON - (lat) - burning, zealous
FLORENT - (lat) - blooming
FOCA - (Greek) - from Phokis
FOMA - (Greek) - twin
FORT (FORTUNAT) - (lat) - happy
PHOTIUS - (Greek) - light
FROL - from Flor (Greek) - blooming
KHARLAM (HARLAMPIY) - (Greek) - glowing with joy
KHARITON - (Greek) - fertile, beautiful
CHRISTIAN - (Greek) - Christian
CHRISTOPHER - (Greek) - Christ-bearer
SHALAM (SHALAMAN) - from Solomon (Heb) - peaceful
JULIAN - (lat) - from the genus Julius
JULIUS - (lat) - curly
YURI - from George (Greek) - winner
YAKIM - from Joachim (Heb) - God affirms
YAKOV - from Jacob (Heb) - grasping the heel
YAREMA (YAREMA) - (Greek) - messenger of the gods, from Hermes
FEMALE NAMES.
AVDOTYA - from Evdokia (Greek) - fertilized, filled with good
AUGUSTINA - (lat) - august
AURORA - (lat) - morning dawn
AGAFIA - (Greek) - good, kind
AGLAYA - (Greek) - shining, magnificent
AGNIA - from Agnes (Greek) - innocent
AGAFEN (AGRIPPINA) - (lat) - woeful
ADA - (Heb) - decoration
AZA - (Heb) - firm, confident
AKULINA - from Akilina (lat) - an eagle
AKSINIA - from Xenia (Greek) - guest, foreigner
ALEFTINA (ALEFTINA) - (Greek) - rubbed with incense
ALEXANDRA - (Greek) - courageous
ALYONA - from Elena (Greek) - light
ALLA - (Greek) - second, another
ALBINA - (lat) - white, blond
ANASTASIA - (Greek) - resurrected
ANGELINA - (Greek) - messenger
ANISYA - (Greek) - successful
ANNA - (Heb) - God's grace
ANTONINA - (lat) - entering the battle
ANFISA - (Greek) - blooming
APPOLINARIA - (Greek-lat) - dedicated to Apollo
Apraksia - from Eupraxia (Greek) - a philanthropist
ARIADNA - (Greek) - worthy of respect
ARINA - from Irina (Greek) - peaceful
VALENTINA - (lat) - healthy, strong
VALERIA - (lat) - healthy, strong
VARVARA - (Greek) - foreigner
VASILISA - (Greek) - regal
VASSA - (Greek) - desert
VIVEA - (Greek) - faithful, firm
VERA - Russian pronunciation of the Greek form "vera" (Pistis)
VERONICA - (Greek) - bringing victory
VICTORIA - (lat) - victory
VIRINEA - (lat) - green, blooming
GAYANA - from Gaia (Greek) - earthly
GALATEA - (Greek) - dairy
GALINA - (Greek) - quiet
GLAFIR - (Greek) - graceful, slender
GLYKERIA (GLIKERIA) - (Greek) - sweet
DAMARA - (Greek) - wife
DARIA - (Persian) - owning
DEINA - (Greek) - divine
DIGNA - (lat) - slender
DOMNA - (lat) - mistress
DOMINICA (DOMINICA) - (lat) - mistress
DOROTHEA - (Greek) - given by God
EVE - (Heb) - life
EUGENIA - (Greek) - noble
Evdokia - (Greek) - fertilized, filled with goodness
Evlalia - (Greek) - eloquent
EVLAMPIA - (Greek) - luminous
EUPRAXIA - (Greek) - philanthropist
EUSEVIA - (Greek) - pious
EUTYCHIA - (Greek) - happy
Euphalia - (Greek) - blooming
Euphemia - (Greek) - sacred
EPHROSINIA - (Greek) - well-intentioned
EKATERINA - (Greek) - immaculate
ELENA - (Greek) - light
ELESA - (Heb) - the one whom God will help
ELIZABETH - (Heb) - promised to God
EPISTIMIA (PISTIMEA) - (Greek) - knowing
ESENIA - (Arabic) - beautiful
ZINAIDA - (Greek) - divine
ZINOVIA - (Greek) - the life of Zeus
ZOYA - (Greek) - life
ILARIA - (Greek) - cheerful
INNA - (lat) - floating
IVANNA - (Heb) - pardoned by God
IRAID - (Greek) - daughter of Hera
IRINA - (Greek) - peaceful
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
IA - (Greek) - violet
KALERIA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALIDA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALISA - (Greek) - beautiful
CALLINIC - (Greek) - beautifully victorious
KAPITOLINA - (lat) - from the name of the Capitol Hill
CASINIA - (lat) - maid
CYPRIAN - (Greek) - from the island of Cyprus
KIRA - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRYANA - (Greek) - mistress
CLAUDIA - (lat) - lame
CLARA - (lat) - clear
CLEOPATRA - (Greek) - glory of the father
CONCORDIA - (lat) - consent
XENIA - (Greek) - guest, foreigner
LARINA - (lat) - seagull
LARIS (LARISSA) - (Greek) - seagull
LEONID - (Greek) - from the male Leonid (son of a lion)
LEONIL - (Greek) - lioness
LEIA - (Heb) - antelope
LIBYA - (Greek) - from Libya, Libyan
LYDIA - (Greek) - from Lydia, Lydian
LUKERIA - from Glykeria (Greek) - sweet
LUKI - (Greek) - luminous
LOVE - Russian translation from Greek "Agape" (love)
MAVRA - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAMELFA - (Syrian) - contributing to the Lord
MANETHA - (Heb) - given
MARGARITA - (Greek) - pearl
MARIANA - (lat) - daughter Mary, marine
MARIANNA - from Mary and Anna (lat-Heb) - the desired grace of God
MARINA - (lat) - marine
MARY - (Heb) - either bitter or desired
MARTINA - (lat) - warlike
MARFA - (lat) - mistress
MATRYONA - from Matrona (lat) - noble
MALANIA (MELANIA) - (Greek) - swarthy, dark
MELITINA (MILITINA) - (Greek) - honey
MINODORA - (Greek) - a gift from the moon goddess Mina
MITRODORA - (Greek) - mother's gift
MUSE - (Greek) - in honor of the Muses, goddesses of art
HOPE - Russian translation of the Greek Elpis (hope)
NATALIA (NATALIA) - (lat) - Christmas
NEONIL (NENILA) - (Greek) - new, young
NIKA - (Greek) - victory
NINA - (Greek-Sumerian-Semitic) - mistress
NONNA - (Egyptian) - dedicated to God
OKSANA - from Xenia (Greek) - guest, foreigner
OLYMPIAD - (Greek) - from Olympus, majestic, divine
OLGA - origin unclear
PAVLA - (Greek) - small
PAVLINA - (Greek) - small
PALLADIA - (Greek) - in honor of Pallas Athena
PELAGIA (PELAGIA) - (Greek) - sea
PETRONYA - (Greek) - from "stone".
PINNA - (lat) - pearl
PLATONIS - (Greek) - daughter of Plato
POLYXENA - (Greek) - hospitable
POLINA - from Apollo (Greek) - solar
PRASKOVIA - from Paraskeva (Greek) - Friday
PULCHERIA - (lat) - beautiful
RAISA - (Greek) - careless
REBEKKA - (Heb) - captivity by beauty
RIDOR - (Greek) - origin is unclear
RIMMA - (Heb) - apple
RUFINA - (lat) - red
SAVINA (SABINA) - (lat) - Sabine
SALOME - (Heb) - calm
SARRA - (Heb) - mistress
SEVASTYANA - (Greek) - venerable
SERAPHIM - (Heb) - fiery angel
SOLOMONIA - (Heb) - peaceful
SUSANNA - (Heb) - white lily
SOPHIA - (Greek) - wise
STEPANIDA - (Greek) - daughter of Stepan, crowned
TAIFA - (Heb) - gazelle
TAISIA (TAISSA) - (Greek) - belonging to Isis
TAMARA - (Heb) - fig tree
TATYANA - (Greek) - organizer
TRIPHENA - (Greek) - tender
ULITA - from Julita (lat) - little Julia
ULYANA - from Julian (lat) - from the genus Julia
USTINA - from Justin (lat) - righteous
FAINA - (Greek) - shining
FEVRONIA - from Efrosinya (Greek) - well-thought
FYOKLA - (Greek) - the glory of God
FEDOR (THEODOR) - (Greek) - a gift of the gods, a divine kind
FEDOSIA (FEODOSIA) - (Greek) - given by God
FEDULA - (Greek) - God's slave
THEOSA - (Greek) - pious
FEOKTISTA - (Greek) - God created
PHEON - (Greek) - divine
THEOPHANIA - (Greek) - revealed by God
FEFILA (THEOFILA) - (Greek) - God-loving
FAIRY - (Greek) - goddess
FILITSATA (FELITSATA) - (lat) - happy
FOTA - (Greek) - light
HAVRONYA - from Euphrosyne (Greek) - well-thought
HARISA - (Arabic) - guard
HARITA - (Greek) - fertile
HARITINA - (Greek) - fertile
CHIONA - (Greek) - in honor of the goddess Chione, wife of Dionysus
CHRIS - (Greek) - golden
CHRISTINA - (Greek) - Christian
SHUSHANIKA - from Susanna (Heb) - white lily
Juliana - (lat) - from the genus Julia
YULITA - (lat) - little Julia
JULIA - from Julius (lat) - curly
JUNIA - from Juno (lat) - young, young
Documentary"Noble families of Russia" - a story about the most famous noble families of Russia - Gagarins, Golitsins, Apraksins, Yusupovs, Stroganovs. The nobles were originally in the service of the boyars and princes and replaced the combatants. For the first time in history, the nobles are mentioned in 1174 and this is due to the murder of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. As early as the 14th century, nobles began to receive estates for their service. But unlike the boyar layer, they could not inherit land. During the creation and formation of a single state, the nobles became a reliable support for the grand dukes. Starting from the 15th century, their influence in the political and economic life of the country increased more and more. Gradually the nobles merged with the boyars. The concept of "nobles" began to denote the upper class of the population of Russia. The final distinctions between nobility and boyars disappeared in early XVIII century, when estates and estates were equated to each other.
Gagarins
The Russian princely family, whose ancestor, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Golibesovsky, a descendant of the princes of Starodub (XVIII generation from Rurik), had five sons; of these, the three eldest, Vasily, Yuri and Ivan Mikhailovich, had the nickname Gagara and were the founders of the three branches of the Gagarin princes. The older branch, according to some researchers, ceased at the end of the 17th century; representatives of the last two exist to this day. The princes Gagarins are recorded in the fifth part of the genealogical books of the provinces: Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Saratov, Simbirsk, Tver, Tambov, Vladimir, Moscow, Kherson and Kharkov.
Golicins
Russian princely family, descended from the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. The immediate ancestor of the family was Mikhail Ivanovich, nicknamed Golitsa, the son of the boyar Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Bulgak. In the 5th generation from the ancestor, the family of the princes Golitsyn was divided into four branches, of which three still exist. From this family there were 22 boyars, 3 okolnichi, 2 kravchi. According to the genealogy of the princes Golitsyns (see "The family of the princes Golitsyns", op. N. N. Golitsyn, St. Petersburg, 1892, vol. I), in 1891 there were 90 males, 49 princesses and 87 princesses Golitsyns alive. One branch of the Golitsyns, represented by the Moscow Governor-General, Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, received in 1841 the title of lordship. The genus of the princes Golitsyn is included in the V part of the genealogy book of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Kursk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula and Chernigov provinces (Gerbovnik, I, 2).
Apraksins
Russian noble and count family, descended from Salkhomir-Murza. In the old days they were written by the Opraksins. Salkhomir had a great-grandson Andrey Ivanovich, nicknamed Opraks, from whom the clan descended, whose representatives were first written Opraksins, and then - Apraksins. The grandchildren of Andrei Opraksa (Apraksa), Yerofey Yarets and Prokofy Matveyevich, under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, moved from Ryazan to serve in Moscow. From Yerofey Matveyevich, nicknamed Yarets, a branch went, the representatives of which were later elevated to the dignity of a count. From the brother of Erofey, Ivan Matveyevich, nicknamed Dark, another branch of the Apraksin family went. Stepan Fedorovich (1702-1760) and his son Stepan Stepanovich (1757/47-1827) Apraksins belonged to it.
Yusupovs.
Russian extinct princely family descended from Yusuf-Murza (d. 1556), the son of Musa-Murza, who in the third generation was a descendant of Edigei Mangit (1352-1419), the ruling Khan of the Nogai Horde and a military commander who was in the service of Tamerlane. Yusuf-Murza had two sons, Il-Murza and Ibragim (Abrey), who were sent to Moscow in 1565 by the murderer of their father, Uncle Ishmael. Their descendants in the last years of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich accepted holy baptism and were written by the princes Yusupov or Yusupovo-Knyazhevo until late XVI II century, and after that they began to be written simply by the Yusupov princes.
Stroganovs.
A family of Russian merchants and industrialists, from which large landowners and statesmen XVI-XX centuries. Natives of the rich Pomeranian peasants. From the 18th century - barons and counts of the Russian Empire. A direction in Russian icon painting of the late 16th - early 17th centuries (the Stroganov school of icon painting) and best school church front sewing of the 17th century (Stroganov front sewing), as well as the Stroganov direction of the Moscow baroque. The Stroganov family is descended from Spiridon, a Novgorodian, a contemporary of Dmitry Donskoy (first mentioned in 1395), whose grandson owned lands in the Dvina region. According to another version, not confirmed by anything, the surname allegedly comes from a Tatar who adopted the name Spiridon in Christianity.
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Economic differentiation among the nobility clearly shows the heterogeneity of the nobility. An important factor dividing the nobles was also the presence of a title, division into titled nobility(princes, counts, barons) and untitled nobility(the majority of the class) has always been present in the life of the noble society.
Family titles appeared in medieval Europe to indicate the degree of vassal dependence on the lord. In modern times, neither in Russia nor in Europe, the possession of a title did not bring its owner any special legal rights, the title made it possible to join the chosen circle, was an indicator of either the nobility of the family, or special merits before the throne.
PRINCES
In Russia, until the XVIII century, there was only a princely title, which was inherited. The title of prince meant belonging to a family that once ruled a certain territory of the country. Among the Slavs, the leaders of the squad were called princes, and then the rulers of individual lands - principalities.
From the 11th century the princely title belonged only to the descendants of Rurik, who ruled in various lands. In the XIV century. the descendants of the Lithuanian grand-ducal dynasty - the Gediminoviches - pass to the Russian service. In the Muscovite state of the XVII century. the princely title was held by the descendants of these two families - the Rurikoviches (Obolensky, Volkonsky, Repnin, Odoevsky, Gagarin, Vyazemsky, etc.), the Gediminoviches (Kurakins, Golitsyns, Khovansky, Trubetskoy), as well as some descendants of the Golden Horde nobility and Caucasian families (Urusovs, Yusupovs , Cherkassky). In total there were 47 princely families.
Until the 18th century princely title passed only by inheritance, it could not be received as a royal favor. The granting of a princely title for the first time occurs under Peter I, when A.D. Menshikov in 1707 began to be called Prince of Izhora.
Under Catherine, there were a number of princely awards from the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - G. A. Potemkin, P. A. Zubov, G. G. Orlov and others. Under Paul, 5 people were elevated to princely dignity, among them A. V. Suvorov, named Prince of Italy. Suvorov was later granted the title of the Most Serene Prince. Most Serene Princes(among them were M. I. Golinishchev-Kutuzov, N. I. Saltykov, A. K. Razumovsky) were called "Your Mightiness"; hereditary princes, unlike them, had the title "Your Excellency".
To late XIX in. due to the suppression of some clans (Bezborodko, Lopukhins, Razumovskys), the number of princely families that received the title through an award, it was about 20.
New princely families arose in the 19th and early 20th centuries. also as a result of morganatic marriages. So called the marriages of members of the imperial family with persons who did not belong to the sovereign houses. Such marriages were legal, except for inheritance rights. If the husband was a member of the imperial family, then the wife and children had a different surname, being the founders of a new family.
GRAPHS
The title of count originally existed in Western European monarchies. It has appeared in Russia since the time of Peter the Great. In 1706, the first Russian count became B.P. Sheremetev. Among the first nobles elevated to the dignity of a count were G. I. Golovkin, F. M. Apraksin, P. A. Tolstoy. The first morganatic marriage in the Russian royal dynasty was the union of the prince Konstantin Pavlovich with the Polish Countess Grudzinskaya, who later became known as the Most Serene Princess Lovich.
In 1880, the family of the Yuryevsky princes appeared, this title was bestowed on E. M. Dolgorukova, with whom Emperor Alexander II entered into a morganatic marriage. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna awarded the Razumovsky and Shuvalov brothers with the title of count, Ekaterina - the Orlov brothers.
NOBILITY SURNAME
Some surnames are transformed from foreign ones, the owners of which arrived in Russia from other states. Thus, the Russian noble family of the Golovins descended from the famous Byzantine family of Khovrins, and the nobles Empress Elizaveta Petrovna awarded the Razumovsky and Shuvalov brothers with the title of count, Ekaterina - the Orlov brothers.
Counts at this time often became favorites of emperors and empresses, the closest relatives of the imperial family, people who distinguished themselves on the battlefields, in the diplomatic and public service. These representatives of the nobility often stood closer to the throne than the descendants of the old, dying princely families, therefore, in the 18th century. the title of a count was sometimes valued higher than that of a prince. At the beginning of the XX century. 320 count families were taken into account.
BARONS
The baronial title also came to Russia from Western Europe in the 18th century. Among the first Russian barons were P. P. Shafirov, A. I. Osterman, the Stroganov brothers. Traditionally, the baronial title was granted to financiers and industrialists (Fredericks, Stieglitz) and foreigners who distinguished themselves in the Russian service (Nikolai, Delvig, Bellingshausen).
Most of the hereditary baronial families were of Baltic origin. Among the most famous Baltic barons are Wrangels, Richters, Palens. By the beginning of the XX century. in Russia there were more than 250 baronial families.
At all times, among the nobility, the antiquity of the family was still valued above any title, therefore the most honorable was the title of pillar nobles, leading their noble family tree for more than 100 years. After all, a title, even a princely one, could be acquired, and noble ancestors, if they do not exist, cannot be given by any power. An illustrative example is the noble family of the Naryshkins, who never had any titles, but were among the first among the nobles and courtiers.
NOBILITY SURNAME
Noble dignity in the Russian nominal formula was not expressed in any way, there were no special prefixes indicating noble origin (for example, background in German or devo French names). The very possession of a name, patronymic and surname at a certain stage already spoke of a noble rank. Other estates did not have surnames at all for a long time. For the nobles, belonging to a certain surname meant tribal self-identification.
Surnames of the ancients noble families often came from the names of places of reign. This is how the names of Vyazemsky, Beloselsky, Obolensky, Volkonsky, Trubetskoy associated with the names of rivers, lakes, cities and villages appeared. Often the surnames of the whole family came from some ancient ancestor who left a mark on history (Golitsyns, Tolstoy, Kurakins).
Some surnames are transformed from foreign ones, the owners of which arrived in Russia from other states. So, the Russian noble family of the Golovins descended from the famous Byzantine family of the Khovrins, and the nobles of the Khomutovs had the Scottish Hamilton as their ancestor. The German surname Levenshtein eventually turned into a Russian one - Levshins, and the descendants of immigrants from Florence, Chicheri, began to be called Chicherins in Russia. Many surnames originated from Tatar noble families - Godunovs, Karamzins, Kudashevs.
Usually surnames in Russia were single, but sometimes, especially among the nobility, there was a doubling of surnames. The reasons for this could be different, sometimes the surname of a separate branch was added to the surname of a large family. An example is the princes of Rostov, whose various branches became known as Buynosov-Rostov, Lobanov-Rostov, Kasatkin-Rostov. In order not to lose the well-known extinct surname, it was attached to its heirs along the female or lateral line. This is how the Repnin-Bolkonsky, Vorontsov-Dashkov, Golitsyn-Prozorovsky, Orlov-Denisov, etc. appeared.
Another group of double surnames arose as a result of the award of a higher title and the addition of an honorary prefix to family surname. Often such prefixes were given for military victories, as a result of these famous names become part of Russian history: Orlov-Chesmensky, Rumyantsev-Zadu-Naisky, Potemkin-Tavrichesky, Suvorov-Rymniksky.
FAMILY TIES
The nobleman never lived on his own, he was always a member of the family, he always felt belonging to a certain family, he thought of himself as the successor of his many ancestors, he was responsible for his descendants. For the noble world in this regard, close attention to family ties and relationships, sometimes very complex, is very characteristic.
The ability to understand all the intricacies of kinship was caused by necessity, because the title of nobility, and family titles, and, finally, lands and property were inherited according to the kinship principle. In addition, noble families were, as a rule, numerous, in each generation they entered into family relations with several clans *.
The basis of noble family ties was belonging to a certain family; the concept of "kind" meant that people of different generations had one common ancestor - the ancestor. The figure of the ancestor is rather arbitrary, because he also had ancestors. Usually the ancestor was the earliest ancestor, about whom information has been preserved, who committed some high-profile deeds, who has merits before the fatherland or who arrived to serve in Russia from foreign lands.
With the general scarcity of the nobility family ties could be a hindrance in marriages, because the church banned marriages between close relatives. Therefore, knowledge of one's own and someone else's family circle was the most important part of noble life. The tribal generation, or tribe, is made up of descendants who are at an equal distance from a common ancestor. If kinship is transmitted through the male line, and this was precisely the tradition among the Russian nobility, the descendants of the brothers form different branches of the family.
In the event that one of the representatives of the clan received the title, his descendants represented a special line of the clan - count or prince. So, in the Orlov family tree, three lines were noted: noble (most of the representatives of the family), count (descendants of the five Orlov brothers, who became counts under Catherine II), princely (heirs of A. F. Orlov, whose title was granted in 1856 by Alexander II).
Based on the materials of the book "Noble and merchant families of Russia" Zhukov A.V.
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