1. The title of nobility is a consequence of the quality and virtue of the men who ruled in antiquity, who distinguished themselves by their merits, than turning the very service into dignity, acquired a noble title for their offspring.
3. A nobleman communicates noble dignity to his wife.
4. A nobleman communicates to his children the noble dignity of the nobility hereditarily.
9. May he not lose his noble honor without trial.
12. Let no noble be judged except by his equals.
13. The case of a noble, fallen into a criminal offense and, according to the laws, worthy of deprivation of noble dignity, or honor, or life, may not be carried out without being submitted to the Senate and confirmed by the Imperial Majesty.
15. May corporal punishment not touch the noble.
17. We confirm for eternity in hereditary birth to the Russian noble nobility liberty and freedom.
18. We confirm to the nobles, who are in the service, the permission to continue the service and to ask for dismissal from the service according to the rules made for that.
19. We confirm the noble permission to enter the services of other European allied powers to us, and travel to foreign lands.
21. A noble person has the right, by his nickname, to be written as a landowner of his estates, and as a patrimony of his ancestral, hereditary and granted estates.
22. Free power and will are left to the noble, being the first acquirer of any property, the property acquired by him to give, or bequeath, or give as dowries or for a living. Or transfer, or sell, to whom it pleases. Let him not dispose of the hereditary estate otherwise, as prescribed by the laws.
26. The right to buy villages is confirmed to the noble.
28. The nobles are allowed to have factories and plants in the villages.
34. The right of ownership in the forests growing in their dachas, and their free use in full force and reason, is confirmed by the noble, as is depicted in the gracious decree of September 22, 1782.
35. In the villages, the landowner's house has to be free from standing.
36. A noble person is personally deducted from personal taxes.
B. On the meeting of nobles, the establishment of a noble society in the province and on the benefits of a noble society
38. The nobility gathers in the province at the call and permission of the governor-general, or governor, both for elections entrusted to the nobility, and for listening to the proposals of the governor-general, or governor, every three years in winter.
39. The meeting of the nobility in the governorship is allowed to elect the provincial marshal of the nobility of that province; and for that, every three years, the assembly of the nobility should nominate two of the county noble leaders to the sovereign's governor or ruler, and which of these the governor-general or governor will appoint, that will be the provincial marshal of that province.
47. The meeting of the nobility is allowed to present to the governor-general or the governor about their public needs and benefits.
48. The permission of the assembly of the nobility to make representations and complaints through their deputies to both the Senate and the Imperial Majesty on the basis of legalizations is confirmed ...
65. The meeting of the nobility is allowed to exclude from the meeting of the nobility a nobleman who has been discredited by the court, or whose obvious and dishonorable vice is known to everyone, even though he has not yet been judged, until he is justified.
Political history of Russia. Reader. M., 1993. S. 84-96.
OLD AND RARE RUSSIAN NAMES.
AVDEUS - (Heb.) - servant
AURELIUS - (lat) - golden)
AGAP - (Greek) - beloved
AKAKIY - (Greek) - gentle
AKILA - (lat) - eagle
ALEXEY - (Greek) - defender
ALIM - (Greek) - anointed
ALONY - unknown
AMFIL - (Greek) - from Amphilia
ANIKA - (Greek) - invincible
ANISIM - (Greek) - useful
ANTIP - (Greek) - stubborn
ARDALLION - (lat) - idle
ARIEL - (Heb) - God's lion
ARTAMON - (Greek) - sail
ASTION - (Greek) - urban
ASTERIUS - (Greek) - starry
BABYLA - (Heb) - from Babylon
VALENT - (lat) - healthy
VALENTIN - (lat) - healthy
BARBAR - (Greek) - foreigner
BASILIDS - (Greek) - son of the king
BASILY - (Greek) - king
BASILISK - (Greek) - king
BELISARY - (Greek) - shooter
VIANOR - (Greek) - strong
VICTOR - (lat) - winner
VISSARION - (Greek) - forest
VITALY - (lat) - vital
GALAKTION - (Greek) - milky
GALASIA - (Greek) - laughing
GERASIM - (Greek) - venerable
HERON - (Greek) - old
GILAR - (Greek) - cheerful
DAVID - (Heb) - beloved
DAN - (Heb) - judge
DAY - (Greek) - divine
DIODOR - (Greek) - God's gift
DONAT - (lat) - bestowed
EPHREM - (Heb) - prolific
ZAHAR - (Heb) - the memory of God
ZOT - (Greek) - life
IZOT - (Greek) - life
ELIY - (Greek) - sunny
ILIODOR - (Greek) - gift of Helium
JOB - (Heb) - persecuted
IONA - (Heb) - dove
IPAT - (Greek) - high
IPPOLIT - (Greek) - driver
IRINEUS - (Greek) - peaceful
ISAK (ISAAK) - (Heb) - laughter
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
KALIDIUM - (lat) - ardent
KALIST - (Greek) - beautiful
KARION - (Greek) - Karyan
CARP - (Greek) - fruit
KIRYAN - (Greek) - lord
KIRILL - (Greek) - Lord's
CLAUDIUS - (lat) - lame
KONON - (Greek) - worker
KRONID - (Greek) - son of Kron
LAVR - (Greek) - laurel
LEON - (Greek) - lion
LEONID - (Greek) - son of a lion
LEONTIUS - (Greek) - lion
LOT - (Heb) - bedspread
LUKA - (lat) - luminous
MAVR - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAXIM - (lat) - big
MARES - (lat) - lord
MARIUS - (lat) - lord
MARKIAN - (lat) - son of Mark
MARON - (sir) - our Lord
MATVEY - (Heb) - gift of God
MILY - (Greek) - apple
MODEST - (lat) - modest
NAUM - (Heb) - consolation
NIKITA - (Greek) - winner
NIKON - (Greek) - victorious
NIT - (Greek) - shine
NOY - (Heb) - unknown
ODYSSEY - (Greek) - angry
ONISIM - (Greek) - useful
ORENTIUS - (Greek) - mountainous
OREST - (Greek) - Highlander
PAUL - (lat) - small
PAISIY - (Greek) - child
PARD - (Greek) - leopard
POTAP - (Egypt) - supreme
PATRIKEY - (lat) - noble
PELEUS - (Greek) - clay
PEREGRIN - (lat) - wanderer
PETER - (Greek) - stone
PETRONIUS - (Greek) - stone
PERFIL - (Greek) - purple
PIMEN - (Greek) - shepherd
PLATON - (Greek) - wide
PONTIUS - (Greek) - marine
PROV - (lat) - honest
PROKL - (lat) - distant
PROTAS - (Greek) - advanced
RIKS - (lat) - king
RUFIN - (lat) - red
SAVIN - (lat) - Sabine
SAMSON - (Heb) - sunny
NORTH - (lat) - strict
SIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
POWER - (lat) - peace
SOLOMON - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHON - (Heb) - God covered
STRATON - (Greek) - belligerent
TIT - (lat) - caring
TIKHON - (Greek) - lucky
TRIFON - (Greek) - pampered
TURVON - (lat) - whirlwind
UVAR - (lat) - bow-legged
URVAN - (lat) - polite
URIEL - (Heb) - fire
PHEDR - (Greek) - shining
FEDUL - (Greek) - God's servant
FELIX - (lat) - happy
FERAPONT - (Greek) - servant
FILARET - (Greek) - dobrolyub
PHILII - (Greek) - love
PHILIMON - (Greek) - beloved
PHILOTHEUS - (Greek) - Bogolyub
FIRM - (Greek) - strong
FOCA - (Greek) - from Phokis
FOMA - (Greek) - twin
PHOTIUS - (Greek) - light
JULIUS - (lat) - curly
FEMALE NAMES.
ADA - (Heb) - decoration
ANGELINA - (Greek) - messenger
ANISYA - (Greek) - successful
ANFISA - (Greek) - blooming
VARVARA - (Greek) - foreigner
VASSA - (Greek) - desert
VICTORIA - (lat) - victory
GALATEA - (Greek) - dairy
GALINA - (Greek) - quiet
DAMARA - (Greek) - wife
DARIA - (Persian) - owning
DIGNA - (lat) - slender
DOMNA - (lat) - mistress
EVE - (Heb) - life
Euphemia - (Greek) - sacred
ELENA - (Greek) - light
ESENIA - (Arabic) - beautiful
ZOYA - (Greek) - life
ILARIA - (Greek) - cheerful
INNA - (lat) - floating
IRAID - (Greek) - daughter of Hera
IRINA - (Greek) - peaceful
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
IA - (Greek) - violet
KALERIA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALIDA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALISA - (Greek) - beautiful
CASINIA - (lat) - maid
KIRA - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRYANA - (Greek) - mistress
CLAUDIA - (lat) - lame
CLARA - (lat) - clear
CONCORDIA - (lat) - consent
LARINA - (lat) - seagull
LEONIL - (Greek) - lioness
LEIA - (Heb) - antelope
LUKI - (Greek) - luminous
MAVRA - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MANETHA - (Heb) - given
MARINA - (lat) - marine
MARFA - (lat) - mistress
NIKA - (Greek) - victory
PAVLA - (Greek) - small
PAVLINA - (Greek) - small
PINNA - (lat) - pearl
RAISA - (Greek) - careless
RIMMA - (Heb) - apple
RUFINA - (lat) - red
SALOME - (Heb) - calm
SARRA - (Heb) - mistress
SOLOMONIA - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHIA - (Greek) - wise
TAIFA - (Heb) - gazelle
TAMARA - (Heb) - fig tree
TRIPHENA - (Greek) - tender
FAINA - (Greek) - shining
FYOKLA - (Greek) - the glory of God
FAIRY - (Greek) - goddess
FOTA - (Greek) - light
HARISA - (Arabic) - guard
CHRIS - (Greek) - golden
Registration number 0294525 issued for the work:
Once upon a time, the tribes of the Slavs, our ancestors, lived on the southeastern tip of Europe. They had their own, Slavic language, their own culture and, of course, their own names. These names were very different, but their meaning was quite clear to those around them, since they were compiled on the basis of their own verbal meanings. For example, men called each other like this: Bazhen, Baluy, Flea, Vlad, Second, Walk, Duda, Tomilo, Strength, Nekras, Devil, Shish, Yavul, Yaroy ... Among the ruling class, two-part names prevailed: Gostomysl, Vladimir, Mstislav, Izyaslav , Svyatopolk, Borivoy, Dobrognev and others. And the woman had the following names: Baya, Belika, Birch, Vera, Veselina, Cherry, Goditsa, Grida, Dana, Darena, Envy, Willow, Kveta, Lepa, Lyubisha, Milolika, Nezha, Pervunya, Rakita, Tsvetana, Charusha, Yara , Yasen and many, many like them, taken from the surrounding life and understandable to everyone without any translation.
But then the time came for the Eastern Slavs to unite into a large and strong state. As is often the case, one of the powerful unifying factors in this process was religion. And again, as is often the case, the main religion was not its own primordial faith, but another religion, from the outside, which turned out to be stronger at that time and more suitable for uniting heterogeneous tribes and languages into one nationwide state system.
For Europeans, Christianity turned out to be such a powerful locomotive religion, based on ancient Jewish mythology. Later this mythology was creatively developed by the Greeks, the most advanced and progressive people of antiquity. The Greeks developed the cult of worship in detail, giving its actions and objects Greek names and - gave rise to the tradition of calling all those converted to the Christian faith by Greek names, for the most part. Later, the Romans came to the state leaders of southwestern Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, who contributed to the naming of Christians. And, of course, many Jewish names remained in Christianity, only a few modified in their spelling and pronunciation in a new language environment for them.
Our ancestors, the Eastern Slavs, began to be called Russian by the name of the leading state-forming people, the Rus, and their state was nicknamed Rus from those Rus. They adopted Christianity later than the Latins and most of the Germans - at the very end of the 10th century AD, and adopted it from the eastern part of the Roman world, which had split into two parts, from the state of Byzantium or Romea. The state language, as they would now say, of Byzantium was the Greek language, and the orthodox version of the Christian faith was confessed there. In Russia, this faith was later called Orthodoxy, and at first they called the right faith, and themselves - orthodox.
In addition to Russia, other neighboring peoples also became Orthodox, many of them even earlier than the Russians. For example, Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, Ossetians, and before all Georgians. It so happened that in the first centuries in the Russian state, the entire top of the priesthood-priesthood was made up of newcomer Greeks. This is probably why the Russians found their Slavic names over time far on the periphery of naming, and the number of new Christian names turned out to be disproportionately large compared to other Orthodox peoples (except for the Greeks, where these names were native). Although in the first centuries of the existence of Kievan Rus there was a so-called double naming. That is, along with the Slavic familiar name, the baby at baptism received in addition, moreover, as the official main one, also a Christian name. One of the prominent Russian princes of that time, Vladimir Monomakh (late 11th - early 12th century AD), who, according to Christian custom, was called Vasily, directly wrote about this.
Later, the original Slavic names were almost completely ousted from the life of our ancestors, except for a small part of them associated with the name of the ancient Slavic saints recognized by the church. And the Greek names in their meaning and origin began to occupy the Russians - and now they occupy - the first place in the number of name-bearers. And the first by a wide margin from the rest. The second and third places were Jewish and Roman names, only the fourth place was Slavic, and there are also a few names taken from other peoples, such as Arameans, Persians, Syrians, Egyptians, and so on.
Once in a new cultural and linguistic Slavic environment for them, the Greco-Roman-Jewish names changed somewhat, as if adjusted to the Slavic pronunciation. The Slavs abandoned the whistling Greek endings OS and EC, and the new names in their mouths became more solid and solid than before. Of the large number of Christian-Greek names proposed by the new spiritual authorities to their flock, over time, only a part of them remained, the most suitable for the Russian ear, and the most unpronounceable names, although they were included in the lists for obligatory naming (the so-called saints), in wide use and circulation were not accepted because of their complexity and incomprehensibility. Many of these names that did not come into use were very funny and strange for the Slavic consciousness, such as, for example, these among men: Varipsav, Genoflius, Honorat, Desiderius, Exuperantius, Yehudiel, Iperichiy, Kalyumnioz, Lupp, Puplius, Primitiv, Satyr, Tychik, Fafuil, Fuchsik, Hudion and others. And from among the dissonant female Greek names I will name the following: Gaafa, Golinduha, Denegatia, Dragon, Nunechia, Perpetua, Plakilla, Prepedigna, Sinferusa, Yazdundokta ...
Yes, such names were, as they say, God forbid!
In addition, Russian people tend to call each other by diminutive names, which greatly simplifies communication. And further. Many male Christian names sounded and sound very powerful and strong. In principle, the majority of such names. For example, the names Andron, Gerasim, Dormidont, Yegor, Evgraf, Kronid, Lavr, Martemyan, Nazar, Nikandr, Pankrat, Prokhor, Firs, Frol and others are very strong and powerful in terms of their energy - that is, the sound wave. And female names, such as these: Aksinya, Anastasia, Evlalia, Elena, Iya, Kalisa, Xenia, Natalya, Taisiya or Yulia, are gentle and soft.
This is fine. This is how it should be: strong and hard names should prevail among male names, and beautiful and soft ones among female ones. Because the main male natural essence is strength and will, and the main female natural essence is tenderness and love. Therefore, our ancestors completely tuned in to Christian names that were foreign to them and over the centuries literally got used to them. These names are now inextricably linked with our history and our former culture. True, times are inevitably changing, and now we have a lot of completely different names in everyday life, but still the basis of the current Russian name-book is now Christian names that are familiar to everyone.
The author managed to collect a large number of old Russian names of Christian origin. Most of this collection was widely used both among the people and among the ruling class, as well as among the monastics and priests. The list below contains just such names, and the author tried not to include unpronounceable and rarely used names there, although a certain number of such names are also presented in the list.
So - here is this list of old Orthodox Russian names:
ABEL - (Heb) - light breath
ARON (AARON) - (Heb) - mountainous, high
ABBAKUM (ABAKUM) - (Heb) - the embrace of God
AUGUSTINE - (lat) - sacred, majestic
AVDEUS - (Heb.) - servant
AVENIR - (Heb) - Father-light (in the sense of God-light)
AVERKY - (lat) - holding
AVERYAN - (lat) - driving away (enemies)
ABIL - from Babylon (Heb) - Babylonian
AVSEUS - from Eusebius (Greek) - pious
AKSYON - from Auxentius (Greek) - growing
ABRAAM (ABRAM) - (Heb) - father of many (nations)
AURELIUS - (lat) - golden)
AUTONOMY - (Greek) - independent
AGAP - (Greek) - beloved
AGAPIT - (Greek) - beloved
AGAFANGEL - (Greek) - messenger of love
AGAFON (GAPON) - (Greek) - good
AGEY (AGGEY) - (Heb) - solemn
Agnius - (Greek) - pure, immaculate
ADAM - (Heb) - man of clay
ASIA - from Aza (Heb) - powerful, strong
AZAR - from Azariah (Heb) - God's help
AKAKIY - (Greek) - gentle
AKILA - (lat) - eagle
Akim - from Joachim (Heb) - God affirms
AKSYON - (Greek) - multiplication
ANDRIYAN (ADRIAN) - (lat) - from Adria
ANKUDIN - from Akindin (Greek) - safe
ALIFAN - from Alvian (lat) - white
ALEXANDER - (Greek) - protector of husbands
ALEXEY - (Greek) - defender
ALIM - (Greek) - anointed
ALIPIY - (Greek) - carefree
ALONY - unknown
ALFEY - (Greek) - in honor of the god of the river of the same name
ALFYOR - (Greek) - worthy to be free
ALFIM - from Evfimy (Greek) - benevolent
AMBROSIUS (ABROSIM) - (Greek) - immortal
AMOS - (Heb) - bearing weight
AMFIL - (Greek) - from Amphilia
ANANIUS - (Heb) - the grace of God
ANASTASIO (ANASTAS) - (Greek) - resurrected
ANATOLY - (Greek) - eastern, ascending, or from Anatolia
ANGEL (ANGEL) - (Greek) - God's messenger
ANDREY (ANDRON) - (Greek) - courageous
ANDRONIK - (Greek) - winner of husbands
ANIKA - (Greek) - invincible
ANISIM - (Greek) - useful
ANTIP - (Greek) - stubborn
ANTIPATHER - (Greek) - father's deputy
ANTON (ANTONY) - (lat) - large
ANTROP (ANDROP) - from Eutrop (Greek) - well-behaved
ANFIM (ANFIR) - (Greek) - blooming
ANUFRIUS - (Greek) - sacred bull
ANTSIFER - (Greek) - beneficial
APELLES - (Greek) - collector
APOLLO (APOLLONIUS) - (Greek) - in honor of the god Apollo
APOLLINARIUS - (Greek) - dedicated to Apollo
ARDALLION - (lat) - idle
ARETHIUS - (Greek) - glorious in deeds
ARIA - (Greek) - dedicated to Ares
ARIS (ARIAN) - (Greek) - dedicated to Ares
ARISTARCH - (Greek) - the best ruler
ARISTON (ARISTION) - (Greek) - dedicated to the god Aristaeus.
ARIEL - (Heb) - God's lion
ARKADY - (Greek) - a shepherd, or from Arcadia
ARMODY - (Greek) - suitable
ARSENY (ARSENTIY, ARSEN) - (Greek) - courageous
ARTEMIUS (ARTEM) - (Greek) - dedicated to Artemis
ARTAMON - (Greek) - sail
ARCHIP - (Greek) - senior rider
ASTAPHY - from Eustathius (Greek) - well-appointed
ASTION - (Greek) - urban
ASTERIUS - (Greek) - starry
ATHANASIUS - (Greek) - immortal
ATHINOGENS - (Greek) - born of Athena
ATHINODOR - (Greek) - Athena's gift
AFRANIUS - (lat) - African
AFRICAN - (lat) - African
ATHO (ATHONY) - (Greek) - independent
ACHILLIUS (ACHILLUS) - (Greek) - in honor of the hero Achilles
BABYLA - (Heb) - from Babylon
VALENT - (lat) - healthy
VALENTIN - (lat) - healthy
VALERIAN (VALERIAN) - (lat) - son of Valery
VALERY - (lat) - healthy, strong
BARBAR - (Greek) - foreigner
VARLAM (VARLAAM) - (aramean) - the son of God
BARNABA - (Aramaean) - the son of the prophet
BARFOLOMEY (VACHROMEUS) - (aramey) - son of arable land
BASILIDS - (Greek) - son of the king
BASILY - (Greek) - king
BASILISK - (Greek) - king
VASSIAN - (Greek) - son of Vass, Vassia
VEDENEY - from Benedict (lat) - blessed
BELISARY - (Greek) - shooter
VENEDIM - (lat) - from the Wends origin
VENEDIKT - (lat) - blessed
VENIAMIN - (Heb) - son of the right hand
VIANOR - (Greek) - strong
VIKENTIY - (lat) - victorious
VICTOR - (lat) - winner
VISSARION - (Greek) - forest
VITALY - (lat) - vital
VLAS (VLASIY) - (Greek) - rough, simple
VIKUL (VUKOL) - (Greek) - shepherd
GABRIEL (GABRIL) - (Heb) - the fortress of God
GAI - (Greek) - earthly, dedicated to Gaia
GALAKTION - (Greek) - milky
GEDEON - (Heb) - who knows how to handle weapons
GALASIA - (Greek) - laughing
HELIUM - (Greek) - solar, dedicated to Helios
HECTOR - (Greek) - Almighty
GENNADY - (Greek) - well-born
GEORGE - (Greek) - farmer
GERASIM - (Greek) - venerable
GERMAN - (lat) - consanguineous, native
HERMOGENES - (Greek) - from the genus Hermes
HERON - (Greek) - old
GILAR - (Greek) - cheerful
GORGIA - (Greek) - formidable, terrible
GORDIAN - (Greek) - son of Gordias
GORDEY (GORDIUS) - (Phrygian-Greek) - unknown
GRIGORY - (Greek) - vigilant, awake
GURIY (GURYAN) - (Heb) - lion cub
DAVID - (Heb) - beloved
DALMAT - (Greek) - from Dalmatia
DAN - (Heb) - judge
DANIEL (DANILA) - (Heb) - my destiny
DAY - (Greek) - divine
DEMENTIUM - (lat) - tamer
DEMYAN (DAMIAN) - (Heb) - tamed
DENIS (DIONISIUS) - (Greek) - dedicated to Dionysus
DIODOR - (Greek) - God's gift
DIOMIDE (DEMID) - (Greek) - God's advice
DION - (Greek) - from the name of the city
DMITRY (DEMITRY) - (Greek) - dedicated to Demeter
DONAT - (lat) - bestowed
DORMIDONT - (Greek) - head of the spearmen
DOROTHEY - (Greek) - given by God
DOSITHEY - (Greek) - given by God
EUGENE - (Greek) - noble
Evgraf - (Greek) - hand-written handsome man
Evdokim - (Greek) - full of kindness
EVLALIY - (Greek) - genteel
Evlampy - (Greek) - blessed
Eulogius - (Greek) - blessed, eloquent
EUMEN - (Greek) - supportive
ENIKEY - (Greek) - victorious
EVSEUS (EVSEVIUS) - (Greek) - pious
EVSTIGNEY - (Greek) - a good relative
EUSTAFIUS (OSTAP) - (Greek) - well-appointed
EUSTRAT (ELISTRAT) - (Greek) - good warrior
Eutychius - (Greek) - happy
EGOR - from George (Greek) - farmer
ELIZAR (ELEAZAR) - (Greek) - God's help
ELISHA - (Heb) - God saved
EMELYAN (EMILY) - (lat) - affectionate
EPIFAN - (Greek) - revealed by God
EREMEY - (Heb) - exalted by God
YERMIL (ERMILA) - (Greek) - guardian of the Hermes Grove
YERMOLAI - (Greek) - the people of Hermes
EROFEI - (Greek) - dedicated to God
EFIM (EVFIMII) - (Greek) - benevolent
Euphrasius - (Greek) - speaking well
EPHREM - (Heb) - prolific
ZABULON - (Heb) - honor and praise
ZAHAR - (Heb) - the memory of God
ZYNOVIUS - (Greek) - living pleasing to God
ZENON - (Greek) - divine
ZOIL - (Greek) - kind to animals
ZOSIMA - (Greek) - girdling on the way
ZOT - (Greek) - life
IGNAT (IGNATIY) - (lat) - fiery
IZOT - (Greek) - life
ILLARION (ILARY) - (Greek) - cheerful
ELIY - (Greek) - sunny
ILIODOR - (Greek) - gift of Helium
ILYA (ELILYA) - (Heb) - my God
INNOCENT - (lat) - innocent
JOHN (IVAN) - (Heb) - God's grace
JOB - (Heb) - persecuted
IONA - (Heb) - dove
JOSEPH (JOSIA, OSIP) - (Heb) - God multiplied
JORDAN - (Heb) - in honor of the Jordan River
IPAT - (Greek) - high
IPPOLIT - (Greek) - driver
HERACLES - (Greek) - dedicated to Hercules
IRINEUS - (Greek) - peaceful
ISAK (ISAAK) - (Heb) - laughter
ISAI - (Heb) - God's salvation
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
KALIDIUM - (lat) - ardent
KALINIK (KALENIK) - (Greek) - beautifully victorious
KALIST - (Greek) - beautiful
CALISTRAT - (Greek) - a beautiful warrior
CALISPHENE - (Greek) - beauty and strength
CANDID - (lat) - pure, sincere
KAPITON - (lat) - big-headed
CARI - (Greek) - originally from Kari, Kari
KARION - (Greek) - Karyan
CARP - (Greek) - fruit
CASTOR - (Greek) - brilliant boss
KASYAN - (lat) - a descendant of Cassius
CAESAR - (lat) - Caesar, emperor
KIPRIAN (KUPRIYAN) - (Greek) - originally from Cyprus
KIR (KIREI) - (Greek) - lord
KIRYAK - (Greek) - Lord's Day
KIRYAN - (Greek) - lord
KIRILL - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRSAN - from Chrysanth (Greek) - golden-colored
CLAUDIUS - (lat) - lame
KLIM (KLIMENT, KLIMENTY) - (lat) - gracious
KONDRAT (KONDRATIY) - from Square (lat) - square, dense
KONON - (Greek) - worker
KONSTANTIN - (lat) - persistent, constant
CORNIL (CORNELIUS) - (lat) - horned
CORONAT - (lat) - crowned, crowned
KOZMA (KUZMA) - (Greek) - space
KRONID - (Greek) - son of Kron
LAVR - (Greek) - laurel
LAVRENTY - (Greek) - laureate crowned with laurel
LAZARUS - (Heb) - God's help
LEON - (Greek) - lion
LEONID - (Greek) - son of a lion
LEONTIUS - (Greek) - lion
LIN - (Greek) - beautiful flower
LIPAT - from Ipat (Greek) - high
LOGIN (LONGIN) - (lat) - long
LOLLI - (Greek) - cockle grass
LOT - (Heb) - bedspread
LUKA - (lat) - luminous
LUKYAN - (lat) - son of Luke, bright
MAVR - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAURITIUS - (Greek) - son of Moor
MAKAR (MAKARY) - (Greek) - blessed, happy
MACEDON (MACEDONIAN) - (Greek) - from Macedonia, Macedonian
MAXIM - (lat) - big
MAXIMILIAN - (lat) - as affectionate as possible
MALATHEY - from Malachi (Heb) - God's messenger
MALC - (Heb) - supreme ruler
MANUEL (MANUYLA) - from Emmanuel (Heb) - God is with us
MARES - (lat) - lord
MARIUS - (lat) - lord
MARIAN - (lat) - a descendant of Mary, marine
MARK - (lat) - dry, withered
MARKEL (MARKELL) - (lat) - warlike
MARKIAN - (lat) - son of Mark
MARON - (sir) - our Lord
MARTYN - (lat) - warlike
MARTYAN (MARTEMYAN) - (lat) - son of Martin
MATVEY - (Heb) - gift of God
Melentius - (Greek) - caring
MELITON - (Greek) - filled with honey
MERCURY (MERCULE) - (lat) - the messenger of the gods, an analogue of Hermes
METHODIUS - (Greek) - purposeful
MILY - (Greek) - apple
MINAI (MINEY) - (Greek) - lunar
MIRON - (Greek) - exuding myrrh
MITRODOR - (Greek) - mother's gift
MITROFAN - (Greek) - manifested by the mother
MICHAEL - (Heb) - like God
MICHAEY - from Michael (Heb) - god-like
MODEST - (lat) - modest
MOSES - (Heb) - pulled out of the water
MOKEY (MOKIY) - (Greek) - mocker
NAZAR - (Heb) - dedicated to God
NAUM - (Heb) - consolation
NATHAN (NATHANAEL) - (Heb) - given by God
NECTARY - (Greek) - nectar
NEON - (Greek) - new, young
NESTOR - (Greek) - returning home
NIKANDR - (Greek) - husband-winner
NIKANOR - (Greek) - husband-winner
NIKITA - (Greek) - winner
NIKIFOR - (Greek) - victorious
NIKODEM - (Greek) - conquering people
NICHOLAS (NIKOLA) - (Greek) - conquering people
NIKON - (Greek) - victorious
NIKOSTRAT - (Greek) - victorious warrior
NIL - (Greek) - in honor of the Nile River
NIT - (Greek) - shine
NIFONT - (Greek) - sober, reasonable
NOY - (Heb) - unknown
ODYSSEY - (Greek) - angry
OLYMPUS (OLYMPIUS) - (Greek) - Olympian, in honor of Mount Olympus
ONISIM - (Greek) - useful
ONUFRY - (Greek) - sacred bull
ORENTIUS - (Greek) - mountainous
OREST - (Greek) - Highlander
ORION - (Greek) - in honor of the mythical giant hero
OSIP (JOSEPH) - (Heb) - God multiplied
PAUL - (lat) - small
PEACOCK - (lat) - from Pavel, small
PAISIY - (Greek) - child
PALAMON - (Greek) - active
PALLADIUS - (Greek) - in honor of Pallas Athena.
PAMFIL (PANFIL) - (Greek) - everyone's favorite
PANKRAT - (Greek) - almighty
PANTELEI (PANTELEIMON) - (Greek) - all-merciful
PARAMON - (Greek) - permanent, solid
PARD - (Greek) - leopard
PARIGORIUS - (Greek) - comforter
PARMEN (PARMENIUS) - (Greek) - resistant
PARTHEN (PARTHENIUS) - (Greek) - chaste
POTAP - (Egypt) - supreme
PATRIKEY - (lat) - noble
PAFNUTIUS - (Egypt) - belonging to God
PAHOM - (Greek) - broad-shouldered
PELEUS - (Greek) - clay
PEREGRIN - (lat) - wanderer
PETER - (Greek) - stone
PETRONIUS - (Greek) - stone
PERFIL - (Greek) - purple
PIMEN - (Greek) - shepherd
PITIRIM - (Sogd) - active
PLATON - (Greek) - wide
POLUEKT - (Greek) - much-desired
POLYCARP - (Greek) - multiple
POLIT - from Hippolyte (Greek) - the owner of the stable
POLYVIUS - (Greek) - multi-life
POMPEY (POMPIUS) - (Greek Lat) - participant in the procession
PONTIUS - (Greek) - marine
PORPHYRY - (Greek) - purple
PROV - (lat) - honest
PROKL - (lat) - distant
PROCOP (PROKOFII) - (Greek) - prosperous
PROTAS - (Greek) - advanced
PROKHOR - (Greek) - leader of the choir
PSOY - (Egypt) - high, high
RADIUM - (Greek) - sunbeam
RADION (RODION) - from Herodium (Greek) - heroic
RAPHAEL - (Heb) - God's healing
RIKS - (lat) - king
ROMAN - (lat) - in honor of the founder of Rome
REUBIM - (Heb) - "look - son!"
RUFIN - (lat) - red
SAVVA (SAVATIY) - (aram-heb) - old man
SAVELY - (Heb) - asked from God
SAVIN - (lat) - Sabine
SADOK (SADKO) - (Heb) - righteous
SAMSON - (Heb) - sunny
SAMUEL (SAMOYLA) - (Heb) - heard by God
SARMAT - (Greek) - from Sarmatia
SEVASTIAN (SAVOSTIAN) - (Greek) - venerable
NORTH - (lat) - strict
SEVERYAN - (lat) - son of the North
SERAPHIM - (Heb) - fiery angel
SERGEY (SERGII) - (lat) - highly esteemed
SIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
SELIFAN (SILUAN) - (lat) - forest
POWER - (lat) - peace
SILVESTR (SELIVERST) - (lat) - forest
SEMYON (SIMEON) - (Heb) - hearing God
SYSOI - from Sisoy (Heb) - white marble
SOZON (SAZON) - (Greek) - savior
SOCRATES - (Greek) - retaining power
SOLOMON - (Heb) - peaceful
SOPHON - (Heb) - God covered
SOFRON - (Greek) - prudent
SPIRIDON (SVIRID) - (Greek) - wicker basket
STEPAN (STEFAN) - (Greek) - crowned
STRATON - (Greek) - belligerent
TARAS (TARASIY) - (Greek) - rebel
TERENTIY - (Greek-lat) - threshing bread
TIGER (TIGRIUS) - (Greek) - tiger
TIMOLAY - (Greek) - honoring people
TIMON - (Greek) - respectful
TIMOTHEUS - (Greek) - worshiping God
TIT - (lat) - caring
TIKHON - (Greek) - lucky
TREFIL (TRIFIL) - (Greek) - shamrock
TRIFON - (Greek) - pampered
TROFIM - (Greek) - pupil
TROYAN - (lat) - from Troy, Trojan
TURVON - (lat) - whirlwind
UVAR - (lat) - bow-legged
ULYAN - (lat) - from the genus Yuliev
URVAN - (lat) - polite
URIEL - (Heb) - fire
USTIN - from Justin (lat) - righteous
FAUMAS - (Greek) - amazing
FADEUS (THADDEUS) - (Heb) - praise to God
FALAFE - (Greek) - flowering olive
PHEDR - (Greek) - shining
FYODOR (FEODOR) - (Greek) - divine kind
THEODORITE - (Greek) - God's gift
THEOGNIUS - (Greek) - born of God
FEDOSEY (FEODOSIY) - (Greek) - given by God
FEDOT - (Greek) - given by God
FEDUL - (Greek) - God's servant
FELIX - (lat) - happy
THEODORITE - (Greek) - given by God
FEOKTIST - (Greek) - God created
FEOFAN (FOFAN) - (Greek) - revealed by God
THEOPHIL (FEFIL) - (Greek) - God-loving
FERAPONT - (Greek) - servant
FETIS - (Greek) - God created
FILAGRIUS - (Greek) - loving the village
FILARET - (Greek) - dobrolyub
FILAT - (Greek) - God-protected
PHILII - (Greek) - love
PHILIMON - (Greek) - beloved
PHILIP - (Greek) - horse lover
PHILO - from Filimon (Greek) - favorite
PHILOTHEUS - (Greek) - Bogolyub
FIRM - (Greek) - strong
FIRS - (Greek) - thyrsus, a rod entwined with grapes
FLAVIA - lat) - yellow, golden
FLEGON - (lat) - burning, zealous
FLORENT - (lat) - blooming
FOCA - (Greek) - from Phokis
FOMA - (Greek) - twin
FORT (FORTUNAT) - (lat) - happy
PHOTIUS - (Greek) - light
FROL - from Flor (Greek) - blooming
KHARLAM (HARLAMPIY) - (Greek) - glowing with joy
KHARITON - (Greek) - fertile, beautiful
CHRISTIAN - (Greek) - Christian
CHRISTOPHER - (Greek) - Christ-bearer
SHALAM (SHALAMAN) - from Solomon (Heb) - peaceful
JULIAN - (lat) - from the genus Julius
JULIUS - (lat) - curly
YURI - from George (Greek) - winner
YAKIM - from Joachim (Heb) - God affirms
YAKOV - from Jacob (Heb) - grasping the heel
YAREMA (YAREMA) - (Greek) - messenger of the gods, from Hermes
FEMALE NAMES.
AVDOTYA - from Evdokia (Greek) - fertilized, filled with good
AUGUSTINA - (lat) - august
AURORA - (lat) - morning dawn
AGAFIA - (Greek) - good, kind
AGLAYA - (Greek) - shining, magnificent
AGNIA - from Agnes (Greek) - innocent
AGAFEN (AGRIPPINA) - (lat) - woeful
ADA - (Heb) - decoration
AZA - (Heb) - firm, confident
AKULINA - from Akilina (lat) - an eagle
AKSINIA - from Xenia (Greek) - guest, foreigner
ALEFTINA (ALEFTINA) - (Greek) - rubbed with incense
ALEXANDRA - (Greek) - courageous
ALYONA - from Elena (Greek) - light
ALLA - (Greek) - second, another
ALBINA - (lat) - white, blond
ANASTASIA - (Greek) - resurrected
ANGELINA - (Greek) - messenger
ANISYA - (Greek) - successful
ANNA - (Heb) - God's grace
ANTONINA - (lat) - entering the battle
ANFISA - (Greek) - blooming
APPOLINARIA - (Greek-lat) - dedicated to Apollo
Apraksia - from Eupraxia (Greek) - a philanthropist
ARIADNA - (Greek) - worthy of respect
ARINA - from Irina (Greek) - peaceful
VALENTINA - (lat) - healthy, strong
VALERIA - (lat) - healthy, strong
VARVARA - (Greek) - foreigner
VASILISA - (Greek) - regal
VASSA - (Greek) - desert
VIVEA - (Greek) - faithful, firm
VERA - Russian pronunciation of the Greek form "vera" (Pistis)
VERONICA - (Greek) - bringing victory
VICTORIA - (lat) - victory
VIRINEA - (lat) - green, blooming
GAYANA - from Gaia (Greek) - earthly
GALATEA - (Greek) - dairy
GALINA - (Greek) - quiet
GLAFIR - (Greek) - graceful, slender
GLYKERIA (GLIKERIA) - (Greek) - sweet
DAMARA - (Greek) - wife
DARIA - (Persian) - owning
DEINA - (Greek) - divine
DIGNA - (lat) - slender
DOMNA - (lat) - mistress
DOMINICA (DOMINICA) - (lat) - mistress
DOROTHEA - (Greek) - given by God
EVE - (Heb) - life
EUGENIA - (Greek) - noble
Evdokia - (Greek) - fertilized, filled with goodness
Evlalia - (Greek) - eloquent
EVLAMPIA - (Greek) - luminous
EUPRAXIA - (Greek) - philanthropist
EUSEVIA - (Greek) - pious
EUTYCHIA - (Greek) - happy
Euphalia - (Greek) - blooming
Euphemia - (Greek) - sacred
EPHROSINIA - (Greek) - well-intentioned
EKATERINA - (Greek) - immaculate
ELENA - (Greek) - light
ELESA - (Heb) - the one whom God will help
ELIZABETH - (Heb) - promised to God
EPISTIMIA (PISTIMEA) - (Greek) - knowing
ESENIA - (Arabic) - beautiful
ZINAIDA - (Greek) - divine
ZINOVIA - (Greek) - the life of Zeus
ZOYA - (Greek) - life
ILARIA - (Greek) - cheerful
INNA - (lat) - floating
IVANNA - (Heb) - pardoned by God
IRAID - (Greek) - daughter of Hera
IRINA - (Greek) - peaceful
ISIDOR - (Greek) - gift of Isis
IA - (Greek) - violet
KALERIA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALIDA - (Greek) - beautiful
KALISA - (Greek) - beautiful
CALLINIC - (Greek) - beautifully victorious
KAPITOLINA - (lat) - from the name of the Capitol Hill
CASINIA - (lat) - maid
CYPRIAN - (Greek) - from the island of Cyprus
KIRA - (Greek) - Lord's
KIRYANA - (Greek) - mistress
CLAUDIA - (lat) - lame
CLARA - (lat) - clear
CLEOPATRA - (Greek) - glory of the father
CONCORDIA - (lat) - consent
XENIA - (Greek) - guest, foreigner
LARINA - (lat) - seagull
LARIS (LARISSA) - (Greek) - seagull
LEONID - (Greek) - from the male Leonid (son of a lion)
LEONIL - (Greek) - lioness
LEIA - (Heb) - antelope
LIBYA - (Greek) - from Libya, Libyan
LYDIA - (Greek) - from Lydia, Lydian
LUKERIA - from Glykeria (Greek) - sweet
LUKI - (Greek) - luminous
LOVE - Russian translation from Greek "Agape" (love)
MAVRA - (Greek) - dark-skinned
MAMELFA - (Syrian) - contributing to the Lord
MANETHA - (Heb) - given
MARGARITA - (Greek) - pearl
MARIANA - (lat) - daughter Mary, marine
MARIANNA - from Mary and Anna (lat-Heb) - the desired grace of God
MARINA - (lat) - marine
MARY - (Heb) - either bitter or desirable
MARTINA - (lat) - warlike
MARFA - (lat) - mistress
MATRYONA - from Matrona (lat) - noble
MALANIA (MELANIA) - (Greek) - swarthy, dark
MELITINA (MILITINA) - (Greek) - honey
MINODORA - (Greek) - a gift from the moon goddess Mina
MITRODORA - (Greek) - mother's gift
MUSE - (Greek) - in honor of the Muses, goddesses of art
HOPE - Russian translation of the Greek Elpis (hope)
NATALIA (NATALIA) - (lat) - Christmas
NEONIL (NENILA) - (Greek) - new, young
NIKA - (Greek) - victory
NINA - (Greek-Sumerian-Semitic) - mistress
NONNA - (Egyptian) - dedicated to God
OKSANA - from Xenia (Greek) - guest, foreigner
OLYMPIAD - (Greek) - from Olympus, majestic, divine
OLGA - origin unclear
PAVLA - (Greek) - small
PAVLINA - (Greek) - small
PALLADIA - (Greek) - in honor of Pallas Athena
PELAGIA (PELAGIA) - (Greek) - sea
PETRONYA - (Greek) - from "stone".
PINNA - (lat) - pearl
PLATONIS - (Greek) - daughter of Plato
POLYXENA - (Greek) - hospitable
POLINA - from Apollo (Greek) - solar
PRASKOVIA - from Paraskeva (Greek) - Friday
PULCHERIA - (lat) - beautiful
RAISA - (Greek) - careless
REBEKKA - (Heb) - captivity by beauty
RIDOR - (Greek) - origin is unclear
RIMMA - (Heb) - apple
RUFINA - (lat) - red
SAVINA (SABINA) - (lat) - Sabine
SALOME - (Heb) - calm
SARRA - (Heb) - mistress
SEVASTYANA - (Greek) - venerable
SERAPHIM - (Heb) - fiery angel
SOLOMONIA - (Heb) - peaceful
SUSANNA - (Heb) - white lily
SOPHIA - (Greek) - wise
STEPANIDA - (Greek) - daughter of Stepan, crowned
TAIFA - (Heb) - gazelle
TAISIA (TAISSA) - (Greek) - belonging to Isis
TAMARA - (Heb) - fig tree
TATYANA - (Greek) - organizer
TRIPHENA - (Greek) - tender
ULITA - from Julita (lat) - little Julia
ULYANA - from Julian (lat) - from the genus Julia
USTINA - from Justin (lat) - righteous
FAINA - (Greek) - shining
FEVRONIA - from Efrosinya (Greek) - well-thought
FYOKLA - (Greek) - the glory of God
FEDOR (THEODOR) - (Greek) - a gift of the gods, a divine kind
FEDOSIA (FEODOSIA) - (Greek) - given by God
FEDULA - (Greek) - God's slave
THEOSA - (Greek) - pious
FEOKTISTA - (Greek) - God created
PHEON - (Greek) - divine
THEOPHANIA - (Greek) - revealed by God
FEFILA (THEOFILA) - (Greek) - God-loving
FAIRY - (Greek) - goddess
FILITSATA (FELITSATA) - (lat) - happy
FOTA - (Greek) - light
HAVRONYA - from Euphrosyne (Greek) - well-thought
HARISA - (Arabic) - guard
HARITA - (Greek) - fertile
HARITINA - (Greek) - fertile
CHIONA - (Greek) - in honor of the goddess Chione, wife of Dionysus
CHRIS - (Greek) - golden
CHRISTINA - (Greek) - Christian
SHUSHANIKA - from Susanna (Heb) - white lily
Juliana - (lat) - from the genus Julia
YULITA - (lat) - little Julia
JULIA - from Julius (lat) - curly
JUNIA - from Juno (lat) - young, young
Since ancient times, the surname could change a person's life, it carried the whole history of the family and gave many privileges. People spent a lot of effort and money to have a good title, and sometimes they sacrificed their lives for this. It was almost impossible for a common resident to get on the list of nobles.
Types of titles
There were many titles in tsarist Russia, each of them had its own history and carried its own capabilities. All noble families followed the family tree and very carefully selected couples for their family members. The marriage of two noble families was more of a calculated calculation than a love relationship. Russian noble families kept together and did not allow members without a title into their families.
Such genera could include:
- Princes.
- Counts.
- Barons.
- Tsars.
- Dukes.
- Marquises.
Each of these genera had its own history and maintained its own family tree. It was strictly forbidden for a nobleman to create a family with a commoner. Thus, it was almost impossible for an ordinary ordinary resident of tsarist Russia to become a nobleman, except perhaps for very great achievements before the country.
Princes Rurikovich
Princes is one of the highest titles of nobility. Members of such a family always had a lot of land, finance and slaves. It was a great honor for a family member to be at court and help the ruler. Having shown himself, a member of the princely family could become a trusted special ruler. The famous noble families of Russia in most cases had a princely title. But the titles could be divided according to the methods of obtaining them.
One of the most famous princely families of Russia were the Rurikovichs. The list of noble families begins with her. Rurikovichs are immigrants from Ukraine and descendants of Igor's great Russia. The roots of many European rulers come from This is a strong dynasty that brought to the world many famous rulers who have been in power throughout Europe for a long time. But a number of historical events that took place in those days divided the family into many branches. Russian noble families, such as Pototsky, Przemyslsky, Chernigov, Ryazan, Galician, Smolensky, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Belozersky, Suzdal, Smolensky, Moscow, Tver, Starodubsky belong specifically to the Rurik family.
Other princely titles
In addition to the descendants of the Rurik family, the noble families of Russia can be such as the Otyaevs. This clan received its title thanks to the good warrior Khvostov, who had the nickname Otyai in the army, and has been going on since the year 1543.
The Ofrosmovs are an example of a strong will and a great desire to achieve a goal. The founder of the clan was a strong and courageous warrior.
The Pogozhevs are from Lithuania. Oratory and the ability to conduct military negotiations helped the founder of the family to receive a princely title.
The list of noble families also includes Pozharsky, Field, Pronchishchev, Protopopov, Tolstoy, Uvarov.
Count's titles
But surnames of noble origin are not only princes. The count dynasties also had a high title and powers at court. This title was also considered very high and gave many powers.
To receive the title of count was a great achievement for any member of the royal society. Such a title first of all made it possible to have power and be closer to the ruling dynasty. The noble families of Russia for the most part consist of counts. The easiest way to achieve this title was when conducting successful military operations.
One of these surnames is Sheremetev. This is a county family that still exists in our time. The army general received this title for his achievements in military operations and service to the royal family.
Ivan Golovkin is the ancestor of another surname of noble origin. According to many sources, this is a count who appeared in Russia after the wedding of his only daughter. One of the few count families that ended with a single representative of the dynasty.
The noble surname Minich had many branches, and the main reason for this was the large number of women in this family. When marrying, Milich women took a double surname and mixed titles.
Courtiers received many count titles during the reign of Ekaterina Petrovna. She was a very generous queen and awarded titles to many of her military leaders. Thanks to her, such names as Efimovsky, Gendrikov, Chernyshev, Razumovsky, Ushakov and many others appeared in the list of nobles.
Barons at court
Famous noble families also had many holders of the titles of baron. Among them are ancestral families and granted barons. This, like all other titles, could be obtained with good service. And of course, the simplest and most effective way was to conduct military operations for the homeland.
This title was very popular in the Middle Ages. The family title could be obtained by wealthy families who sponsored the royal family. This title appeared in the fifteenth century in Germany and, like everything new, gained great popularity. The royal family practically sold it to all wealthy families who had the opportunity to help and sponsor all royal undertakings.
In order to bring wealthy families closer to him, he introduced a new title - baron. One of the first owners of this title was the banker de Smith. Thanks to banking and trade, this family earned its finances and was elevated by Peter to the rank of barons.
Russian noble families with the title of baron also replenished with the surname Fridriks. Like de Smith, Yuri Fridriks was a good banker who lived and worked at the royal court for a long time. Born into a titled family, Yuri also received a title under Tsarist Russia.
In addition to them, there were a number of surnames with the title of baron, information about which was stored in military documents. These are warriors who have earned their titles by actively participating in hostilities. Thus, the noble families of Russia were replenished with such members as: Baron Plotto, Baron von Rummel, Baron von Malama, Baron Ustinov and the family of the brothers of the barons Schmidt. Most of them were from European countries and came to Russia on business.
royal families
But not only titled families are included in the list of noble families. Russian noble families headed the royal families for many years.
One of the oldest royal families in Russia was the Godunovs. This is the royal family, which has been in power for many years. The first of this family was Tsarina Godunova, who formally ruled the country for only a few days. She renounced the throne, and decided to spend her life in a monastery.
The next, no less famous surname of the royal Russian family is the Shuiskys. This dynasty spent a little time in power, but entered the list of noble families in Russia.
The Great Queen of Skavron, better known as Catherine the First, also became the founder of the royal family dynasty. Do not forget about such a royal dynasty as Biron.
Dukes at Court
The noble families of Russia also have the title of dukes. Getting the title of duke was not so easy. Basically, these clans included very rich and ancient families of tsarist Russia.
The owners of the title duke in Russia were the Chertozhansky family. The clan existed for many centuries and was engaged in agriculture. It was a very wealthy family that owned a lot of land.
The Duke of Nesvizh is the founder of the town of the same name Nesvizh. There are many versions of the origin of this family. The Duke was a great connoisseur of art. His castles were the most remarkable and beautiful buildings of that time. Owning large lands, the duke had the opportunity to help tsarist Russia.
Menshikov is another of the famous ducal families in Russia. Menshikov was not just a duke, he was a famous military leader, army general and governor of St. Petersburg. He received his title for the achievement and service to the royal crown.
Marquis title
The title of marquis in Tsarist Russia was mainly received by wealthy families with foreign origins. It was an opportunity to attract foreign capital into the country. One of the most famous surnames was Traversi. This is an ancient French family, whose representatives were at the royal court.
Among the Italian marquises was the Paulluchi family. Having received the title of marquis, the family remained in Russia. Another Italian family received the title of marquis at the royal court of Russia - Albizzi. This is one of the richest Tuscan families. They earned all their income from entrepreneurial activities in the manufacture of fabrics.
The meaning and privileges of the title
For the courtiers, having a title gave many opportunities and wealth. Upon receiving the title, it often carried lavish gifts from the crown. Often such gifts were land and wealth. The royal family gave such gifts for special achievements.
For rich families who earned their wealth on the generous Russian land, it was very important to have a good title, for this they financed the royal undertakings, which bought their family a high title and a good attitude. In addition, only titled families could be close to the royal family and participate in the government of the country.
If we take the Russian nobility, then there is a special collection of genera, compiled at the end of the 19th century, where 136 surnames are mentioned. Of course, time has made its own adjustments in terms of supplementing the list based on the results of various studies, but the main data is still relevant. When it becomes necessary to establish the authenticity of one or another noble family, one must turn to this collection.
The nobility in Russia appeared around the 12th - 13th centuries as a military service estate, belonging to which could be obtained through zeal in the service of a prince or boyar. Hence the meaning of the word "nobleman" - a person "court", "from the princely court." This lower stratum of the nobility was different from the boyars, who were considered the aristocracy, and the title was inherited. In a couple of centuries, the two estates will be equal in rights, including the right of succession of titles and regalia.
When the nobles began to receive land plots under the condition of service (a semblance of a feudal militia was formed), it became necessary to designate them in the lists as independent units, and not attached to princes and boyars. We decided that it would be more convenient to do this on the basis of reference to the location of his lands. This is how the first noble families appeared: Arkhangelsk, Ukhtomsk, Suzdal, Shuisky, Belozersky.
Another version of the origin of noble surnames is from nicknames: Toothed, Persian.
Sometimes, for clarification, they made a double surname, taking as a basis the place of the allotment and the nickname: Nemirovichi-Danchenko.
Gradually, the penetration of representatives of foreign powers into the territory of Russia was also reflected in the family noble families: Matskevichi, von Plehve, Lukomsky.
The era of the reign of Peter I was marked by many changes in the structure of the Russian state, including the strengthening of the role of the nobility. It was possible to obtain the title through diligent service to the sovereign, which was used by many active and landless people of the lower classes. So the noble family of the Menshikovs appeared on the list, by the name of the tsar's associate - Alexander Menshikov. Unfortunately, the ancient family has died out in the male line, and it is this factor that is decisive in the transfer of hereditary rights.
Based on the origin and antiquity of the family, the existing wealth and proximity to the highest power, as well as the trace left in the history of the state, the nobility was divided into several categories. These are: pillar, titled, foreign, hereditary and personal. They can also be identified by their last names. For example, the descendants of the noble princely and boyar families of the Scriabins and Travins made up the branches of the ancient nobility, or columnar.
The weakening of the positions of this estate in the 19th century was due to changes in the political structure of the state, as well as ongoing reforms. The abolition of serfdom in 1861 had a great impact, after which the dominant role of the nobility weakened. And after 1917, all estates were completely abolished.
But the names are still there! True, it is possible to determine their belonging to a particular genus only after a thorough study of the documents, because over the past centuries too many events have happened. Also, for clarification, you can refer to the "List of noble families included in the general coat of arms of the Russian Empire" (there is one). And only the owners of rare surnames need not worry - they are known even without reference literature. All they have to do is meet the high rank.
List of noble families included in the General Armorial of the Russian Empire
Annex to the article General armorial of the noble families of the Russian Empire The general armorial of the noble families of the Russian Empire is a set of coats of arms of the Russian noble families, established by decree of Emperor Paul I of January 20, 1797. Includes over ... ... Wikipedia
Title page of the Alphabetical list of noble families of the Mogilev province for 1909 List of noblemen of the Mogilev city ... Wikipedia
- ... Wikipedia
Title page of the Alphabetical list of noble families of the Minsk province for 1903. List of noble families ... Wikipedia
General Armorial of the noble families of the All-Russian Empire ... Wikipedia
List of princely families of the Russian Empire. The list includes: the names of the so-called "natural" Russian princes descended from the former ruling dynasties of Russia (Rurikovich) and Lithuania (Gediminovichi) and some others; surnames, ... ... Wikipedia
More than 300 count families (including extinct ones) of the Russian Empire include: dignity elevated to the count of the Russian Empire (at least 120 by the beginning of the 20th century), elevated to the count Kingdom of the Polish dignity ... ... Wikipedia