The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person at the time of Nekrasov. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author nevertheless makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.
For the first time, readers get to know Grisha in the chapter “Good Time - Good Songs”, during a feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Russia” is initially associated with the concept of people's happiness. His father, the parish clerk, enjoys the love of the people - it is not without reason that he is invited to a peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as "simple guys, kind", along with the peasants, they mow and "drink vodka on holidays." So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his whole life with the people.
Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived "poorer than the seedy last peasant." Even a cat and a dog chose to run away from the family, unable to withstand hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has a “light disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, the sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts of his children, but he forgot to think about whether they are full.
It is no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the "grabber economy." That is why Grisha has a “thin” face - sometimes he cannot fall asleep from hunger until the morning, everything is waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader's attention on this particular feature of Grisha's appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could be a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Russia, which has the prerequisites for a free and happy life, but so far lives in a completely different way.
Grisha from childhood is familiar with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather hardens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: you need to live exclusively for the good of your people, no matter how poor and wretched they are. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short century because of her labors ...
The image of Grisha's mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman beloved by Nekrasov, meek, unrequited, and at the same time carrying a huge gift of love. Grisha, her "beloved son", did not forget his mother after her death, moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachin. The last mother's gift is the song "Salty", testifying to the depth maternal love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He sings it in the seminary, where "gloomy, strict, hungry."
And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally disadvantaged.
Note that the songs are very important for the characterization of Grisha in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the ideas and aspirations of the hero, his main life priorities are clearly visible.
The first of the songs that sound from the lips of Grisha conveys his attitude towards Russia. It can be seen that he perfectly understands all the problems that torn the country apart: slavery, ignorance and the disgrace of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify any, the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for his native country. And at the same time, the song contains hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!” ...
Grisha's next song, about a barge hauler, reinforces the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly earned pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies, the hero moves to the image of "all mysterious Russia" - this is how the song "Rus" is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which faith in the future is heard: "The army rises - innumerable." However, someone is needed who would become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.
There are two ways, - Grisha thinks, - one of them is wide, thorny, but a crowd greedy for temptations goes along it. There is an eternal struggle for "mortal blessings". It is on it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are sent at the beginning. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, "close, but honest." Only strong and loving souls who want to intercede for the offended go along this path. Among them is the future people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing "a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia." This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, only in this way - in unity with all the people - can one become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” in himself. At home, his enthusiasm is confirmed and shared by his brother, who spoke of Grisha's song as "divine" - i.e. finally acknowledging that he had the truth on his side.
Artwork test
The image of the "people's intercessor". He is a seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov - the son of an "unrequited laborer" and a rural deacon who lived "poorer than the last rundown peasant." A hungry childhood, a harsh youth brought him closer to the people, accelerated his spiritual maturation and determined life path Grisha:
... fifteen years old, Grigory already knew for sure.
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Grisha Dobrosklonov is a fighter for the people's happiness; he wants to be the first there, "where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard."
The image of Grigory Nekrasov gave an answer to the question: what should a fighter for the people's interests do?
Go to the downtrodden
Go to the offended
You are needed there.
Gregory joins the ranks of those. who is ready "to fight, to work for the bypassed, for the oppressed." Grisha's thoughts are constantly turned "to all mysterious Russia, to the people." In his soul, "with love for the poor mother, love for the whole zahlachina merged." Gregory is a faithful son of the people. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov sees a representative of the labor populace, vitally connected with her: “No matter how dark the vakhlachina”, no matter how crowded with corvée and slavery, the eye, “blessed, put such a messenger in Grigory Dsbrosklonov.” Concerns about personal well-being are alien to him, for him "the share of the people, their happiness, light and freedom above all."
The Nekrasov revolutionary is ready to give his life so that "every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of holy Russia."
Grisha is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already come out on the "honest paths", in the battle for an "honest cause". He, like other wrestlers,
Fate prepared
glorious path,
the loud name of the People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Grisha is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his life. He knows that his homeland "is destined to suffer a lot more", but he believes that it will not perish, and therefore feels "immense forces in his chest." He sees that a people of many millions is awakening to struggle:
The army rises
Innumerable!
The strength will affect her
Invincible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory.
To the main question of the poem - who lives well in Russia? - Nekrasov responds with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the people's protector. That's why the poet says:
To be our wanderers under the native roof.
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
Difficult, but beautiful is the path that Grisha Dobrosklonov follows. Only strong, loving souls enter this path. True happiness awaits a person on it, for only one can be happy, says Nekrasov, who devotes himself to the struggle for the good and happiness of the people.
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So that my countrymen And every peasant Live freely and cheerfully In all of holy Russia! N. A. Nekrasov. Who should have a good life in Russia? goodie . This image was the result of N. A. Nekrasov’s thoughts about the paths leading to the happiness of the Russian people. Truthfully, but very poetically, the poet managed to display the best character traits of Grisha - an optimistic wrestler, closely connected with the people and believing in their great and bright future. Ros Grisha in poverty. His father, Tryphon, a rural deacon, lived "poorer than the last poor peasant", was always hungry. Grisha's mother, Domna, is "an unrequited laborer for everyone who helped her in some way on a rainy day." Grisha himself studies at the seminary, which for him was a "nurse". No matter how poorly they were fed in the seminary, the young man shared the last piece of bread with his mother. Grisha thought about life early, and at the age of fifteen he already knew for sure "to whom he would give his whole life and for whom he would die." In front of him, as in front of any thinking person, he clearly saw only two roads: One spacious Road - a torn one. The passions of a slave... A crowd greedy for temptation is moving along this path, for which even the thought of "a sincere life" is ridiculous. This is the road of soullessness and cruelty, because “for mortal blessings” “eternal, inhuman enmity-war” boils there. But there is also a second road: Another is narrow, The road is honest, Only strong souls, Loving souls, Go to battle, to work ... Grigory Dobrosklonov chooses this path, because he sees his place next to the "humiliated" and "offended" . This is the road of popular intercessors, revolutionaries, and Grisha is not alone in his choice: Russia has already sent a lot of its Sons, marked with the Seal of God's gift, On honest paths ... Grisha has not only a bright mind and an honest rebellious heart, he is also endowed with the gift of eloquence. He knows how to convince the peasants who listen to him and believe his words, to console them, to explain that it is not they who are to blame for the appearance of people like Gleb the traitor, but the “string”, which gave birth to both the “sins of the landowner” and the sins of Gleb and "poor Jacob". There is no support - there will be no new Gleb in Russia! Gregory understands the great power of the word better than the rest, since he is a poet. His songs raise the spirits of the peasants, delight the Vakhlaks. Still quite young Grisha can draw the attention of the disadvantaged people to the idea of protest with his songs and lead him. He believes that the people's strength is "a calm conscience, truly tenacious", therefore he feels "immense strength in his chest." Grigory Dobrosklonov finds his happiness in love for the motherland and people, in the struggle for their freedom, and with this he not only answers the question of wanderers about who lives happily in Russia, but is also the personification of Nekrasov's understanding of the true purpose of his work, his life.
Grisha Dobrosklonov is fundamentally different from other characters in the poem. If the life of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, Yakim Nagogoy, Saveliy, Ermil Girin and many others is shown in obedience to fate and the prevailing circumstances, then Grisha has a completely different attitude to life. The poem shows Grisha's childhood, tells about his father and mother. His life was more than hard, his father was lazy and poor: Poorer than the seedy Last peasant Lived Tryphon. Two little chambers: One with a smoky stove, The other a sazhen - summer, And all here is short-lived; There are no cows, no horses, There was a dog Zudushka, There was a cat - and they left. Such was Grisha's father, he least of all cared about what his wife and children eat. The deacon boasted of the children, And what they eat - And he forgot to think. He himself was always hungry, All spent on searches, Where to drink, where to eat. Grisha's mother died early, she was ruined by constant sorrows and worries about daily bread. The poem contains a song that tells about the fate of this poor woman. The song cannot leave any reader indifferent, because it is evidence of a huge inescapable human grief. The lyrics of the song are very simple, they tell how a child suffering from hunger asks his mother for a piece of bread with salt. But salt is too expensive for poor people to buy. And the mother, in order to feed her son, waters a piece of bread with her tears. Grisha remembered this song from childhood. She made him remember his unfortunate mother, mourn her fate. And soon in the boy's heart With love for the poor mother Love for the whole Vakhlachin Merged - and for fifteen years Grigory knew for sure That he would live for the happiness of the Poor and dark Good Corner. Gregory does not agree to submit to fate and lead the same sad and miserable life that is characteristic of most people around him. Grisha chooses a different path for himself, becomes a people's intercessor. He is not afraid that his life will not be easy. Fate prepared for him the Glorious Path, the loud name of the People's Protector, Consumption and Siberia. From childhood, Grisha lived among poor, unfortunate, despised and helpless people. He absorbed all the troubles of the people with his mother's milk, therefore he does not want and cannot live for the sake of his selfish interests. He is very smart and has a strong character. And it leads him to a new road, does not allow him to remain indifferent to national disasters. Grigory's reflections on the fate of the people testify to the liveliest compassion that makes Grisha choose such a difficult path for himself. In the soul of Grisha Dobro-Sklonov, confidence is gradually growing that his homeland will not perish, despite all the suffering and sorrows that have befallen her: In moments of despondency, oh motherland! I am thinking ahead. You are still destined to suffer a lot, But you will not die, I know. The reflections of Gregory, which “poured out in song,” betray in him a very literate and educated person. He is well aware of the political problems of Russia, and the fate of the common people is inseparable from these problems and difficulties. Historically, Russia "was a deeply unhappy country, repressed, slavishly without justice." The shameful seal of serfdom has turned the common people into disenfranchised creatures, and all the problems caused by this cannot be discounted. The consequences of the Tatar-Mongol yoke also had a significant impact on the formation national character. Russian man combines slavish obedience to fate, and this is the main cause of all his troubles. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is closely connected with the revolutionary democratic ideas that began to appear in society in the middle of the 19th century. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N. A. Dobrolyubov Grigory Dobrosklonov is a type of revolutionary raznochinets. He was born into the family of a poor deacon, from childhood he felt all the disasters that are characteristic of the life of ordinary people. Grigory received an education, and besides, being an intelligent and enthusiastic person, he cannot remain indifferent to the situation in the country. Grigory understands perfectly well that now there is only one way out for Russia - radical changes in the social system. The common people can no longer be the same dumb community of slaves that meekly endures all the antics of their masters: Enough! Finished with the last calculation, Finished with the master! The Russian people are gathering strength And learning to be a citizen. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” inspires hope in the moral and political revival of Russia, in changes in the consciousness of the simple Russian people. The end of the poem shows that people's happiness is possible. And even if it is still far from the moment when a simple person can call himself happy. But time will pass and everything will change. And far from the last role in this will be played by Grigory Dobrosklonov and his ideas.
“Who should live well in Russia” is the most powerful and amazing creation of Nekrasov. This is not a poem in the traditional sense of the word, and not even a novel in verse. This is folk epic new time, which absorbed the traditions of ancient Russian epics. In "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" the original features of the Russian national character, its unshakable foundations, people's grief and people's happiness are embodied. N. A. Nekrasov wrote his poem in one of the turning points in our history. The abolition of serfdom, economic reforms - all this happened in front of the writer. Nekrasov's wanderers never managed to find a happy person in Russia. What is the root of evil, the source of human sorrows? Grisha Dobrosklonov answers this question: "Be strong with everything." But this opinion, it seems to me, would be wrong to consider the real point of view of the author. The motive of true happiness arises in the last chapter of the poem - "Good time - good songs." It is associated with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, in which the moral ideal of the writer was embodied: For him, fate prepared a glorious path, the loud name of the People's Protector. Consumption and Siberia. The son of a sexton, fed by the whole peasant world, having absorbed the bitter peasant environment with his mother's milk, Grisha does not just experience a deep and devoted love for the people. This hero becomes a people's protector, a conscious fighter for the people's happiness. The fate of Grisha Dobrosklonov is typical of Russian revolutionary democrats. Interestingly, the hero's surname is similar to the surname of Dobrolyubov, whom Nekrasov loved and appreciated very much. For a long time in Soviet literary criticism, the image of Dobrosklonov was perceived as an artistic cast of Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, as the highest ideal of a revolutionary figure. Indeed, it seems to me that the socio-political features of that time were reflected in the image of this hero: “going to the people” and more. But I think Grisha Dobrosklonov is the poet's dream, his hope. Some critics of Nekrasov's work pointed to the sketchiness of the hero's image. I think this is quite understandable. Grisha is a simple guy. Biographically, he is no different from the peasants, he experienced the same need as all of them. The ending of the chapter "A Feast for the West" plays the role of the denouement of the whole epic. After all, it was here that the answer was given to the question posed at the very beginning of the work - “who in Russia should live well?” happy man turns out to be none other than the people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov. His happiness is based on the joy of creative success. "I got a good song!" Grisha said: If only they could know what was happening to Grisha, He heard immense strength in his chest, Gracious sounds delighted his ears, Radiant sounds of a noble hymn - He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! As a poet, Grisha is revealed through songs. In them, he finds the opportunity to point out the path to happiness for the whole people. The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is connected with the problem of the image of the author and the weak expression of the author's position. It is shown in the poem not as clearly as the position of the defender of the Russian people: The army rises - Innumerable! The power in it will be indestructible! The song "Rus" is the anthem of peasant Russia, which, having overcome impotence, will wake up and rise to fight for its liberation. But the thoughts of the revolutionary transformation of the world, according to Nekrasov, have not yet fully entered the people's consciousness. In his songs, Grisha raises moral questions that are based not only on social inequality: Power does not get along with untruth. The victim of unrighteousness is not called. The style and language of the hero's song have folk roots, a folklore basis. This gives it an epic sound and pushes the boundaries. art space works. It is thanks to them that the image of Grisha acquires the halo of a man from the people and a popular intercessor: You are poor, You are plentiful, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother Russia! In slavery, the saved Heart is free - Gold, gold The heart of the people! Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is the result of the poet's creative path. It is a deep artistic study of folk life, raises the most important problems of the era.