Nekrasov Nikolay
Who lives well in Russia
Nikolai Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
In what year - count, In what land - guess, On the pole path Seven men converged: Seven temporarily liable, Tightened province, Terpigorev district, Empty volost, From adjacent villages: Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutova, Znobishina. Gorelova, Neyolova Irregular crop, Agreed - and argued: Who lives happily, Freely in Russia? Roman said: to the landowner, Demyan said: to the official, Luka said: to the priest. Fat-bellied merchant! The Gubin brothers Ivan and Mitrodor said. The old man Pakhom strained And said, looking at the ground: To the noble boyar, to the Minister of the Sovereign. And Prov said: to the tsar ... A man is like a bull: he will vtemyashitsya In the head, what a whim With a stake you won’t knock it out: they resist, Everyone stands on his own! Is it such a dispute, What do passers-by think? To know, the children found the treasure And divide it among themselves ... On business, everyone in his own way Left the house until noon: That path kept to the forge, That one went to the village of Ivankovo To call Father Prokofy The child to be christened. In the groin of honeycombs Carried to the bazaar in the Great, And the two brothers of Gubin It's so easy with a halter To catch a stubborn horse Into their own herd. It's high time for everyone to return on their own way. They walk side by side! They go, as if gray wolves are chasing them, What is farther, then sooner. They go - perekorya! They shout - they will not come to their senses! And time does not wait. The dispute was not noticed. As the red sun set, As the evening came. Probably would have spent the whole night So they went - where they didn’t know, If only the woman they met, Crooked Durandiha, Wouldn’t shout: “Venerable! .. "Where? .." - Our men looked at each other, They stand, they are silent, they look down... The night has long gone, The stars are often lit In the high skies, The moon has surfaced, black shadows The road has been cut The zealous walkers. Oh shadows! black shadows! Who won't you chase? Who won't you overtake? You only, black shadows, You can not catch - hug! He looked at the forest, at the path, looked at the path, looked silently with Pahom, Looked - scattered his mind And finally said: "Well, the goblin played a glorious joke on us! We've gone nearly thirty versts away! There's nothing to do. Let's rest until the sun!.." Blaming the misfortune on the goblin, Under the forest by the path The peasants sat down. They lit a fire, formed, Two ran away for vodka, And the rest for a while A glass was made, Birch barks were pulled. The vodka came soon. The appetizer is in time The peasants are feasting! They drank three kosushki, Ate - and argued Again: who should live happily, Freely in Russia? Roman shouts: to the landowner, Demyan shouts: to the official, Luka shouts: to the priest; Kupchin fat-bellied, Shouting brothers Gubin. Ivan and Mitrodor; Pakhom shouts: to the Most Serene Noble Boyar, Minister of the Sovereign. And Prov shouts: to the king! The visor is stronger than ever The perky men, Cursing swearing, It's no wonder that they'll grab each other's hair... Look, they've already grabbed onto each other! Roman hits Pakhomushka, Demyan hits Luka. And the two brothers of Gubin are ironing Prov hefty, And everyone shouts his own! A booming echo woke up, It went for a walk, it went for a walk, It went to shout, shout, As if to provoke Stubborn men. King! - to the right is heard, to the left it responds: Ass! ass! ass! The whole forest was alarmed, With flying birds, Fast-footed animals And creeping reptiles, And a groan, and a roar, and a rumble! First of all, a gray hare From a neighboring bush Suddenly jumped out, as if disheveled, And he took to his heels! Behind him, small jackdaws At the top of the birches raised a nasty, sharp squeak. And then at the warbler With fright, a tiny chick From the nest fell; Chirping, crying warbler, Where is the chick? - will not find! Then the old cuckoo woke up and decided to cuckle for someone; Ten times it was accepted, Yes, every time it went astray And it started again ... Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo! Bread will sting, You will choke on an ear You will not cuckle! 1 Seven eagle owls have flocked, Admiring the carnage From seven large trees, Night owls are laughing! And their yellow eyes Burn like wax of ardent Fourteen candles! And the raven is a smart bird. Has ripened, sits on a tree At the fire. He sits and prays to the devil, So that someone will be slapped to death! A cow with a bell, That has strayed from the herd since the evening, barely heard Human voices Came to the fire, fixed her Eyes on the peasants. I listened to crazy speeches And began, cordial, Mumble, mumble, mumble! A stupid cow lows, Small jackdaws squeak. Violent guys shout, And the echo echoes everything. He has one concern To tease honest people, To scare guys and women! No one has seen him, And everyone has heard to hear, Without a body - but it lives, Without a language - it screams! The owl - the Princess of Zamoskvoretskaya - immediately looms, Flies over the peasants, Shying either on the ground, or on the bushes with its wing ... The fox itself is cunning, Out of woman's curiosity, Crept up to the peasants, Listened, listened And went away, thinking: "And damn them will not understand!" And indeed: the disputants themselves hardly knew, they remembered what they were making noise about... Having kneaded their sides decently to each other, the peasants finally came to their senses, They got drunk from the puddle, half a sapling, flying low, crept up to the fire. Pakhomushka caught him, brought him to the fire, looked at him And said: "A small bird, And a nail is agile! I breathe - you roll off your palm, I sneeze - you roll into the fire, I click - you roll dead, And yet you, a small bird, Are stronger than a man! Wings will get stronger soon, bye-bye! Wherever you want, you will fly there! Oh you little pichuga! Give us your wings, We'll fly around the whole kingdom, Let's look, explore, Ask - and find out: Who lives happily, Freely in Russia? "" Wings would not be needed. If only we had bread Half a pood a day. And so we would measure Mother Russia with our feet!
Said the sullen Prov. "Yes, a bucketful of vodka," the eager brothers Gubin, Ivan and Mitrodor, added to the vodka. "Yes, in the morning there would be ten Salted cucumbers," the men joked. "And at noon, a jug of Cold kvass." "And in the evening, a teapot of a hot teapot..." While they were chatting, A chiffchaff curled and circled Above them: she listened to everything And sat down by the fire. Chiviknula, jumped up And in a human voice Pakhomu says: "Let the chick go free! For a small chick I'll give a big ransom." - What will you give?
"I'll give you a piece of bread Half a pood a day, I'll give you a bucketful of vodka, I'll give you cucumbers in the morning, And at noon sour kvass, And in the evening a cup of tea!" - And where, small pichuga, Gubin brothers asked, Will you find wine and bread Are you for seven peasants?
"Find - you will find it yourself, And I, a small pichuga, I will tell you how to find it."
"Go through the forest, Against the thirtieth pillar A straight verst: You will come to a clearing. Standing in that clearing Two old pines, Under these under these pines A box is buried. Get it, That magic box: In it is a self-assembled tablecloth, Whenever you wish, Feed, water! Quietly just say: "Hey! self-assembled tablecloth! Treat the peasants!" According to your desire, At my command, Everything will appear immediately. Now - let the chick go!"
In what year - count
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men got together...
Agreed - and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
Fat-bellied merchant! -
Gubin brothers said
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Old man Pahom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
noble boyar,
Minister of the State.
And Prov said: to the king...
Lines of the poet familiar from school. And probably that's why they are reliably blurred. And if we ignore the fact that this is a tedious Nekrasov, who had to be crammed? To whom in Russia to live well? At least here, in the Saratov province ...
New landowners
We have no landlords. Since 1917. Not? And whose palaces are in the vicinity of our cities? One of the Moscow real estate sites has already allocated a separate page for the “new landowners”, which lists places “with beautiful landscapes, the absence of restless neighbors and environmentally unfavorable objects. It is in such places that people who are not limited in their means begin to buy land for estates. Sometimes new landowners acquire former " noble nests", thus realizing the connection of times." Six months ago, the Ivanovskoye-Kozlovskoye estate, located on the 61st km of Novorizhskoye Highway, was sold (and neither the seller nor the buyer is known). For $ 10 million, the buyer got a real estate of 11 hectares with a monument estate culture XVIII-XIX centuries on the banks of the Istra reservoir, surrounded by a mixed forest, with a three-story modern mansion, inscribed in an old architectural ensemble.
In the Saratov region, this type of real estate has not yet become widespread. The former governor Dmitry Ayatskov was called the "landowner" - for his passion for Stolypin and breeding all sorts of exotic things like camels on the ground. But his house in Stolypino, although solid, is very modest by today's standards and much smaller than, for example, the castle of the former deputy of the Saratov City Duma Koftin in Sosenki. What kind of "estate" is there - so, a strong owner, no more. The palaces of our other deputies-businessmen also fall short of the estates of the landlords. No matter how hard the owners try, they look like the houses of the new Russian wealthy or officials, and that's it. In our villages, another type of rich people is common - statistics and government agencies for some reason call them "peasants" or "farmers", although these are real kulaks-capitalists with thousands of hectares of land owned, dozens of pieces of equipment and hundreds of hired laborers. There are such people everywhere, from Novouzensk to the Turks. But they are even further from the landowners than Ayatskov or Koftin. And the real landowners in Russia - Lermontov or Tolstoy in the Moscow region - oh, how difficult life is, they don’t like the “white bone” in our villages, especially the “former one”, they harass the president with complaints and slander to the courts.
The same Moscow realtors complain: the circle of “new landlords” is narrow, the rich do not want to buy secluded “family nests”, from where it is more difficult to get to Moscow than from a foreign resort. Now, if there will be small business aviation and private helicopters in Russia, then ... For Saratov, this is apparently also true.
New Russian officials
But we have a lot of these, one might say, a dime a dozen. And most of the mansions along the Ust-Kurdyum direction belong to them. Do officials live well?
By law, they publish income declarations. Our former governor Pavel Ipatov was a very wealthy man. Together with his wife, in 2010 they declared official income for 6 million rubles, three land plots with a total area of 6054 sq. m, two garden plots (3525 sq. m.), two residential buildings (750 with a small sq. m. each), a garden house (almost 83 sq. m.), two apartments (297.2 and 63.4 sq. m.) and three cars - Mercedes, BMW and Lexus. The new governor, Valery Radaev, is a beggar compared to him. He has nothing, no house, no apartment, no cottage, no car. True, my wife has - a plot of 10 acres, a house of 286.5 square meters. m and a Mercedes car. But the total income of the spouses is only 2.8 with a little million per year.
The same is true for ministers. Ipatov's ministers were rich. Deputy Chairman and Chief of Staff Pavel Lysov even showed real estate in Spain. If we draw up a “typical portrait” of the property of the deputy chairman from Pavel Ipatov, then this is somewhat land plots, a house, several apartments, several foreign cars (although some did not have cars at all).
Valery Radaev has more modest ministers. They are mostly former deputies of the regional Duma, so there are also declarations. The young vice-governor Denis Fadeev received an income of 1.7 million rubles last year, his wife - 262.8 thousand rubles. Ownership of an apartment of 80.3 sq. m they share the three of them with a minor child. The lieutenant governor drives a modest Chevrolet Niva. Well, it’s clear - at 30, how can he manage to do it? Andrey Rossoshansky, deputy chairman of the regional government for the social sphere, earned 1.6 million rubles. He owns half of the land for individual construction of 24 acres, a garden plot of eight acres, half of a residential building (409.2 sq. M) and an apartment (161.37 sq. M), a garage. Mr. Rossoshansky's car is a Volvo SX-90. The wife, who earned 169.3 thousand rubles, owns two and one sixth apartments, as well as a Hyundai Getz car. Too modest for today. They do not reach the level of the Ipatovsky deputy chairmen. It is interesting to see what kind of property Radaev's deputies have by the end of his term.
Statistics, of course, is a specific thing, but even it states: in the Saratov region, the average monthly salary of an official (19,165 rubles) is 2.2 times higher than that of an agricultural worker (8,882 rubles) and 1.5 times higher than that of manufacturing worker. 650 Saratov residents can live on the annual income of the richest minister. But “money does not buy happiness”... In 2011, the following were convicted for corruption crimes: the head of the municipality; 2 heads of administrations of municipalities; 3 deputies of local self-government bodies; 3 deputy heads of administrations of municipalities; Deputy Minister for the development of sports, physical culture and tourism of the region.
priests
Now it is fashionable to talk about the luxury of church hierarchs, about “lexus mania” in the Russian Orthodox Church. It is enough to see the photographs of the "patriarch's dacha" in Krasnodar Territory to understand: there is some truth in these conversations. But there is another side - a huge number of parish priests with many children, living on the verge of poverty, huddled with many growing children in strange corners, thousands of destroyed churches throughout Russia, the poverty of parishes in regions remote from Moscow. In the church - as in society: someone lives a satisfying and good life, someone - poor and difficult.
Kupchins are fat-bellied
In Nekrasov's poem, this is still collective image, in modern Russia he is most suited to the entrepreneurial class. Naturally, many wealthy Saratov businessmen who are not connected with politics do not want to put their income declarations on public display. But some - having the status of deputies - have to do this. In principle, the picture is not bad. The well-known Balakovo deputy and businessman Mikhail Kiskin declared 1.9 million rubles. income for last year. The deputy is the owner of 11 land plots (from 4312 to 406 sq. m), a house (732.1 sq. m), three apartments (69.7, 44.4 and 45.8 sq. m), four cars (vans " Gazelle and IZH, Chevrolet Viva and KamAZ), two parking lots (267 and 9,417 sq. m.), 4 non-residential buildings (244.3, 39.1, 130 and 78 sq. m.), a boiler house (10 sq. m.). m), 2 non-residential premises (118.7 and 140.8 sq. m), non-residential and residential cafe buildings (10 and 364.2 sq. m).
Deputy and businessman Sergei Kurikhin indicated an income of 47.9 million rubles. Ownership - 7 land plots (from 2.6 thousand to 58.6 thousand square meters), 12 non-residential premises (from 31.5 to 8241.4 square meters), of which 4 - 1/2 share , 3 vehicles (Mercedes Benz S 500, Mercedes Benz cabriolet, VAZ-2109). In use - a plot (993 sq. m) and an apartment (37 sq. m). Builder Leonid Pisnoy indicated an income of 16.1 million rubles. Owns, as an owner, six non-residential premises (from 10.8 to 166.2 sq. m.), a garden plot (600 sq. m.), an apartment (122 sq. m.), a household without rights to register residence (104 sq. m.), sauna with a garage (30 sq. m.), a garage (30 sq. m.). The deputy indicated 31 cars in the declaration - from the "jeep" to the armored personnel carrier "ganomag". In use - apartment 147.5 sq. m. Zinaida Samsonova earned in 2011 6.9 million rubles. The deputy declared 2 land plots (2298 and 2953 sq. m), part of a residential building (348 sq. m), an apartment (113.4 sq. m) and a parking garage (16.1 sq. m). All - on the property rights. The income of Vladimir Solovyov amounted to 1.9 million rubles. He owns 2 land plots (1.5 thousand (1/2 share) and 1211 sq. m), 2 houses (181.3 (1/2 share) and 207.3 sq. m), two apartments (81 , 2 and 101, 4 sq. m), as well as "a small vehicle R28-38SZ". Viktor Tyukhtin indicated an income of 10.1 million rubles. The deputy owns 2 cars (“Toyota Land Cruiser 100” and “Range Rover”), a house (85 sq.m.) is in use.
Noble boyars, sovereign ministers
Natives of Saratov are also striving for these outstanding posts. But with declarations of income they have different ways. If Vyacheslav Volodin, First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, regularly reports on his income, then the former First Vice Speaker of the State Duma, Lyubov Sliska, probably avoids this in every possible way. The media have repeatedly written about the strange absence on the website of the State Duma of her declaration of income and property for 2010, but earlier, during the robbery of her apartment in Moscow, thieves took away valuables worth more than tens of thousands of dollars: for the most part, exclusive products from the best jewelry houses in the world - Chopard , Tiffany, Louvre, Frank Muller. And in Montenegro, cunning journalists (even before the lady left ER) found an apartment of 76 sq. m, the names of the two owners of which completely coincide with the names of Lyubov Sliska and her brother Sergei.
King?
Against the backdrop of the Saratov "fat-bellied merchants," the head of Russia looks modest in terms of property. According to the declaration of income of Vladimir Putin for 2010, he earned only 5.04 million rubles, his wife Lyudmila - 146 thousand rubles. The head of state owns a land plot for individual housing construction in the amount of 1500 sq. m and an apartment of 77 sq. m. Also in the perpetual use of Vladimir Putin is an apartment with an area of 153.7 square meters. m; in the list of real estate in the prime minister's declaration, two garages are indicated - 12 and 18 square meters. m. In general, he is much poorer than many of our deputies of the regional Duma.
The Nekrasov peasants did not agree on who should live well in Russia. It is unlikely that we will be able to do this even now. But the same statistics dispassionately testify: the gap between the incomes of 10% of the poorest and 10% of the richest residents of the country is several times higher than the normal and safe levels for the state - 5-7, typical for developed countries Western Europe. In the Russian Federation, according to various estimates, it ranges from 15 to 25, although anything above 10 is considered socially dangerous.
(351 words) 140 years ago, an epic poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who is it good to live in Russia?” Describing the difficult folk life. And if the poet were our contemporary, how would he answer the question posed in the title? In the original poem, the peasants were going to look for a happy man among the landowners, officials, priests, merchants, noble boyars, sovereign ministers, and, in the end, intended to reach the king. During the search, the plan of the heroes changed: they learned the stories of many peasants, townspeople, even robbers. And the seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov turned out to be the lucky one among them. He saw his happiness not in peace and contentment, but in intercession for his beloved Motherland, for the people. It is not known how his life will turn out, but it was not lived in vain.
After almost a century and a half, who is happy? If you follow the original plan of the heroes, it turns out that almost all of these paths also remain thorny. Being a farmer is extremely unprofitable, because growing agricultural products is more expensive than selling them. Businessmen constantly maneuver in a changing market situation, risking burnout every day. Bureaucratic work has remained dull, it is free only in areas close to the government. The presidential service is complex, responsible, because the lives of millions depend on it. The priests received quite comfortable conditions, unlike in the 19th century, but there was even less respect.
What is the people? Citizens, in general, live from paycheck to paycheck, being in constant time pressure. They sit out their working day, go home, sit down at the TV, then go to bed. And so every day, all my life. Existence is not so poor (at least in comparison with the 19th century), but is becoming more and more standardized. Villagers live more bleakly, because the villages are bent: there are no roads, hospitals, schools. Only old people live there, others have nothing to do - either run or drink.
If we take material goods as the criterion of happiness, then in our time deputies live well. Their business is to receive a salary of 40 living wages and periodically come to meetings. But if the criterion of happiness is non-material, then the happiest of all today is a person free from routine and fuss. You can not completely get rid of it, but you can build your own inner world in such a way that the "mud of trifles" will not drag out: achieve some goals, love, communicate, be interested. You don't need to be specific for this. In order to live well, you need to be able to sometimes look around and think about something intangible.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!
Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
PART ONE
In what year - count
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men came together:
Seven temporarily liable,
tightened province,
County Terpigorev,
empty parish,
From adjacent villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryavina,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neelova -
Crop failure, too,
Agreed - and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
Fat-bellied merchant! -
Gubin brothers said
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Old man Pahom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
noble boyar,
Minister of the State.
And Prov said: to the king ...
Man what a bull: vtemyashitsya
In the head what a whim -
Stake her from there
You won’t knock out: they rest,
Everyone is on their own!
Is there such a dispute?
What do passers-by think?
To know that the children found the treasure
And they share...
To each his own
Left the house before noon:
That path led to the forge,
He went to the village of Ivankovo
Call Father Prokofy
Baptize the child.
Pahom honeycombs
Carried to the market in the Great,
And two brothers Gubina
So simple with a halter
Catching a stubborn horse
They went to their own herd.
It's high time for everyone
Return your way -
They are walking side by side!
They walk like they're running
Behind them are gray wolves,
What is further - then sooner.
They go - they perekorya!
They shout - they will not come to their senses!
And time does not wait.
They didn't notice the controversy
As the red sun set
How the evening came.
Probably a whole night
So they went - not knowing where,
When they meet a woman,
Crooked Durandiha,
She did not shout: “Venerable!
Where are you looking at night
Have you thought about going?..”
Asked, laughed
Whipped, witch, gelding
And jumped off...
"Where? .." - exchanged glances
Here are our men
They stand, they are silent, they look down...
The night has long gone
Frequent stars lit up
In high skies
The moon surfaced, the shadows are black
The road was cut
Zealous walkers.
Oh shadows! black shadows!
Who won't you chase?
Who won't you overtake?
Only you, black shadows,
You can not catch - hug!
To the forest, to the path
He looked, was silent Pahom,
I looked - I scattered my mind
And he said at last:
"Well! goblin glorious joke
He played a trick on us!
After all, we are without a little
Thirty miles away!
Home now toss and turn -
We are tired - we will not reach,
Come on, there's nothing to be done.
Let's rest until the sun! .. "
Having dumped the trouble on the devil,
Under the forest along the path
The men sat down.
They lit a fire, formed,
Two ran away for vodka,
And the rest for a while
The glass is made
I pulled the birch bark.
The vodka came soon.
Ripe and snack -
The men are feasting!
Kosushki drank three,
Ate - and argued
Again: who has fun to live,
Feel free in Russia?
Roman shouts: to the landowner,
Demyan shouts: to the official,
Luke yells: ass;
Fat-bellied merchant, -
The Gubin brothers are screaming,
Ivan and Mitrodor;
Pahom shouts: to the brightest
noble boyar,
Minister of the State,
And Prov shouts: to the king!
Taken more than ever
perky men,
Cursing swearing,
No wonder they get stuck
Into each other's hair...
Look - they've got it!
Roman hits Pakhomushka,
Demyan hits Luka.
And two brothers Gubina
They iron Prov hefty, -
And everyone screams!
A booming echo woke up
Went for a walk, a walk,
It went screaming, shouting,
As if to tease
Stubborn men.
King! - heard to the right
Left responds:
Butt! ass! ass!
The whole forest was in turmoil
With flying birds
By swift-footed beasts
And creeping reptiles, -
And a groan, and a roar, and a rumble!
First of all, a gray bunny
From a neighboring bush
Suddenly jumped out, as if tousled,
And off he went!
Behind him are small jackdaws
At the top of the birches raised
Nasty, sharp squeak.
And here at the foam
With fright, a tiny chick
Fell from the nest;
Chirping, crying chiffchaff,
Where is the chick? - will not find!
Then the old cuckoo
I woke up and thought
Someone to cuckoo;
Taken ten times
Yes, it crashed every time
And started again...
Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo!
Bread will sting
You choke on an ear -
You won't poop!
Seven owls flocked,
Admire the carnage
From seven big trees
Laugh, midnighters!
And their eyes are yellow
They burn like burning wax
Fourteen candles!
And the raven, the smart bird,
Ripe, sitting on a tree
At the very fire.
Sitting and praying to hell
To be slammed to death
Someone!
Cow with a bell
What has strayed since the evening
From the herd, I heard a little
human voices -
Came to the fire, tired
Eyes on men
I listened to crazy speeches
And began, my heart,
Moo, moo, moo!
Silly cow mooing
Small jackdaws squeak.
The boys are screaming,
And the echo echoes everything.
He has one concern -
To tease honest people
Scare guys and women!
Nobody saw him
And everyone has heard
Without a body - but it lives,
Without a tongue - screaming!
Owl - Zamoskvoretskaya
Princess - immediately mooing,
Flying over peasants
Rushing about the ground,
That about the bushes with a wing ...
The fox herself is cunning,
Out of curiosity,
Sneaked up on the men
I listened, I listened
And she walked away, thinking:
"And the devil does not understand them!"
And indeed: the disputants themselves
Hardly knew, remembered -
What are they talking about...
Naming the sides decently
To each other, come to their senses
Finally, the peasants
Drunk from a puddle
Washed, refreshed
Sleep began to roll them ...
In the meantime, a tiny chick,
Little by little, half a sapling,
flying low,
Got to the fire.
Pakhomushka caught him,
He brought it to the fire, looked at it
And he said: "Little bird,
And the nail is up!
I breathe - you roll off the palm of your hand,
Sneeze - roll into the fire,
I click - you will roll dead,
And yet you, little bird,
Stronger than a man!
Wings will get stronger soon
Bye-bye! wherever you want
You will fly there!
Oh you little pichuga!
Give us your wings
We will circle the whole kingdom,
Let's see, let's see
Let's ask and find out:
Who lives happily
Feel free in Russia?
"You don't even need wings,
If only we had bread
Half a pood a day, -
And so we would Mother Russia
They measured it with their feet!” -
Said the sullen Prov.
"Yes, a bucket of vodka," -
Added willing
Before vodka, the Gubin brothers,
Ivan and Mitrodor.
“Yes, in the morning there would be cucumbers
Salty ten, "-
The men joked.
“And at noon would be a jug
Cold kvass."
"And in the evening for a teapot
Hot tea…”
While they were talking
Curled, whirled foam
Above them: listened to everything
And sat by the fire.
Chiviknula, jumped up
And in a human voice
Pahomu says:
"Let go of the chick!
For a little chick
I'll give you a big ransom."
– What will you give? -
"Lady's bread
Half a pood a day
I'll give you a bucket of vodka
In the morning I will give cucumbers,
And at noon sour kvass,
And in the evening a seagull!
- And where, little pichuga, -
Gubin brothers asked, -
Find wine and bread
Are you on seven men? -
“Find - you will find yourself.
And I, little pichuga,
I'll tell you how to find it."
- Tell! -
"Go through the woods
Against the thirtieth pillar
A straight verst:
Come to the meadow
Standing in that meadow
Two old pines
Beneath these under the pines
Buried box.
Get her -
That box is magical.
It has a self-assembled tablecloth,
Whenever you wish
Eat, drink!
Quietly just say:
"Hey! self-made tablecloth!
Treat the men!”
At your request
At my command
Everything will appear at once.
Now let the chick go!”
Womb - then ask
And you can ask for vodka
In day exactly on a bucket.
If you ask more
And one and two - it will be fulfilled
At your request,
And in the third, be in trouble!
And the foam flew away
With my darling chick,
And the men in single file
Reached for the road
Look for the thirtieth pillar.
Found! - silently go
Straight, straight
Through the dense forest,
Every step counts.
And how they measured a mile,
We saw a meadow -
Standing in that meadow
Two old pines...
The peasants dug
Got that box
Opened and found
That tablecloth self-assembled!
They found it and shouted at once:
“Hey, self-assembled tablecloth!
Treat the men!”
Look - the tablecloth unfolded,
Where did they come from
Two strong hands
A bucket of wine was placed
Bread was laid on a mountain
And they hid again.
“But why aren’t there cucumbers?”
"What is not a hot tea?"
“What is there no cold kvass?”
Everything suddenly appeared...
The peasants unbelted
They sat down by the tablecloth.
Went here feast mountain!
Kissing for joy
promise to each other
Forward do not fight in vain,
And it's quite controversial
By reason, by God,
On the honor of the story -
Do not toss and turn in the houses,
Don't see your wives
Not with the little guys
Not with old old people,
As long as the matter is controversial
Solutions will not be found
Until they tell
No matter how it is for sure:
Who lives happily
Feel free in Russia?
Having made such a vow,
In the morning like dead
Men fell asleep...
From 1863 to 1877, Nekrasov wrote "Who in Russia should live well." The idea, the characters, the plot changed several times in the process of work. Most likely, the idea was not fully revealed: the author died in 1877. Despite this, "Who is it good to live in Russia" as folk poem considered to be a completed work. It was supposed to be 8 parts, but only 4 were completed.
With the introduction of the characters, the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" begins. These heroes are seven men from the villages: Dyryavino, Zaplatovo, Gorelovo, Crop failure, Znobishino, Razutovo, Neelovo. They meet and start a conversation about who lives happily and well in Russia. Each man has his own opinion. One believes that the landowner is happy, the other - that the official. A merchant, a priest, a minister, a noble boyar, a tsar, a peasant from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is also called happy. The heroes began to argue, lit a fire. It even came to a fight. However, they fail to come to an agreement.
Self-assembly tablecloth
Suddenly, Pahom quite unexpectedly caught a chick. The little warbler, his mother, asked the peasant to set the chick free. She suggested for this where you can find a self-assembled tablecloth - very useful thing which will certainly come in handy in long road. Thanks to her, the men during the trip did not lack food.
Pop's story
The following events continue the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia." The heroes decided to find out at any cost who lives happily and cheerfully in Russia. They set off on the road. First on the way they met a pop. The men turned to him with the question of whether he lives happily. Then the pop spoke about his life. He believes (in which the peasants could not disagree with him) that happiness is impossible without peace, honor, wealth. Pop believes that if he had all this, he would be completely happy. However, he is obliged day and night, in any weather, to go where he is told - to the dying, to the sick. Every time the priest has to see human grief and suffering. He even sometimes lacks the strength to take retribution for his service, since people tear the latter away from themselves. Once upon a time, everything was completely different. Pop says that rich landowners generously rewarded him for funerals, baptisms, and weddings. However, now the rich are far away, and the poor have no money. The priest also has no honor: the peasants do not respect him, as many folk songs speak of.
Wanderers go to the fair
Wanderers understand that this person cannot be called happy, which is noted by the author of the work "Who Lives Well in Russia". The heroes set off again and find themselves on the road in the village of Kuzminsky, at a fair. This village is dirty, although rich. There are a lot of establishments in which residents indulge in drunkenness. They drink their last money. For example, the old man did not have money left for shoes for his granddaughter, since he drank everything. All this is observed by wanderers from the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia" (Nekrasov).
Yakim Nagoi
They also notice fairground entertainment and fights and talk about the fact that the peasant is forced to drink: this helps to endure hard work and eternal hardship. An example of this is Yakim Nagoi, a man from the village of Bosovo. He works to death, "drinks half to death." Yakim believes that if there were no drunkenness, there would be great sadness.
The wanderers continue on their way. In the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia," Nekrasov says that they want to find happy and cheerful people, they promise to give these lucky people water for free. Therefore, the most different people trying to pass themselves off as such - a former courtyard suffering from paralysis, long years licking plates after the master, exhausted workers, beggars. However, travelers themselves understand that these people cannot be called happy.
Ermil Girin
The men once heard about a man named Yermil Girin. His story is further told by Nekrasov, of course, he does not convey all the details. Ermil Girin is a burgomaster who was highly respected, a fair and honest person. He intended to buy the mill one day. The peasants lent him money without a receipt, they trusted him so much. However, there was a peasant revolt. Now Yermil is in jail.
Obolt-Obolduev's story
Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev, one of the landowners, spoke about the fate of the nobles after They used to own a lot: serfs, villages, forests. Nobles could invite serfs to the house on holidays to pray. But after the master was no longer the full owner of the peasants. The wanderers knew perfectly well how difficult life was in the days of serfdom. But it is also not difficult for them to understand that it became much harder for the nobles after the abolition of serfdom. And the men are no longer easy. The wanderers understood that they would not be able to find a happy man among men. So they decided to go to the women.
Life of Matrena Korchagina
The peasants were told that in one village there lived a peasant woman named Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, whom everyone called the lucky one. They found her, and Matrena told the peasants about her life. Nekrasov continues with this story "Who lives well in Russia."
A brief summary of the life story of this woman is as follows. Her childhood was cloudless and happy. She had a working, non-drinking family. Mother cherished and cherished her daughter. When Matryona grew up, she became a beauty. A stove-maker from another village, Philip Korchagin, once wooed her. Matrena told how he persuaded her to marry him. This was the only bright memory of this woman in her entire life, who was hopeless and dreary, although her husband treated her well by peasant standards: he hardly beat her. However, he went to the city to work. Matryona lived in her father-in-law's house. Everyone treated her badly. The only one who was kind to the peasant woman was the very old grandfather Savely. He told her that for the murder of the manager he got to hard labor.
Soon Matryona gave birth to Demushka - sweet and beautiful child. She could not part with him even for a minute. However, the woman had to work in the field, where her mother-in-law did not allow her to take the child. Grandfather Savely watched the baby. He once missed Demushka, and the child was eaten by pigs. They came from the city to sort it out, in front of the mother's eyes they opened the baby. This was a severe blow for Matryona.
Then five children were born to her, all boys. Matryona was a kind and caring mother. One day Fedot, one of the children, was tending sheep. One of them was carried away by a she-wolf. The shepherd was to blame for this, who should have been punished with whips. Then Matryona begged to be beaten instead of her son.
She also said that they once wanted to take her husband into the soldiers, although this was a violation of the law. Then Matrena went to the city, being pregnant. Here the woman met Elena Alexandrovna, a kind governor who helped her, and Matrena's husband was released.
The peasants considered Matryona a happy woman. However, after listening to her story, the men realized that she could not be called happy. There was too much suffering and trouble in her life. Matrena Timofeevna herself also says that a woman in Russia, especially a peasant woman, cannot be happy. Her lot is very hard.
Out of his mind landowner
The path to the Volga is held by wandering men. Here comes the mowing. People are busy with hard work. Suddenly, an amazing scene: the mowers are humiliated, pleasing the old master. It turned out that the landowner He could not understand what had already been canceled. Therefore, his relatives persuaded the peasants to behave as if it was still valid. They were promised for this. The men agreed, but were deceived once again. When the old master died, the heirs gave them nothing.
The Story of Jacob
Repeatedly along the way the wanderers listen folk songs- hungry, soldier and others, as well as different stories. They remembered, for example, the story of Jacob, the faithful serf. He always tried to please and appease the master, who humiliated and beat the serf. However, this led to the fact that Yakov loved him even more. The master's legs gave up in old age. Yakov continued to take care of him, as if he were his own child. But he didn't get any credit for it. Grisha, a young guy, Yakov's nephew, wanted to marry one beauty - a serf girl. Out of jealousy, the old master sent Grisha as a recruit. Jacob from this grief hit drunkenness, but then returned to the master and took revenge. He took him to the forest and hanged himself right in front of the master. Since his legs were paralyzed, he could not go anywhere. The master sat all night under Yakov's corpse.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - people's protector
This and other stories make men think that they will not be able to find happy people. However, they learn about Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian. This is the son of a sexton, who has seen the suffering and hopeless life of the people since childhood. He made a choice in his early youth, decided that he would devote his strength to the struggle for the happiness of his people. Gregory is educated and smart. He understands that Russia is strong and will cope with all troubles. Gregory will have a glorious path ahead, a big name people's protector, "Consumption and Siberia".
Men hear about this intercessor, but they still do not understand that such people can make others happy. This won't happen soon.
Heroes of the poem
Nekrasov depicted various segments of the population. Ordinary peasants become the main characters of the work. They were emancipated by the reform of 1861. But their life after the abolition of serfdom did not change much. The same hard work, hopeless life. After the reform, moreover, the peasants who had their own land found themselves in an even more difficult situation.
The characterization of the heroes of the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia" can be supplemented by the fact that the author created surprisingly reliable images of peasants. Their characters are very accurate, although contradictory. Not only kindness, strength and integrity of character is in the Russian people. They retained at the genetic level obsequiousness, servility, readiness to submit to a despot and tyrant. The advent of Grigory Dobrosklonov, a new man, is a symbol of the fact that honest, noble, smart people appear among the downtrodden peasantry. May their fate be unenviable and difficult. Thanks to them, self-consciousness will arise in the peasant masses, and people will finally be able to fight for happiness. This is what the heroes and the author of the poem dream about. ON THE. Nekrasov ("Who Lives Well in Russia", "Russian Women", "Frost, and other works) is considered a truly folk poet, who was interested in the fate of the peasantry, its suffering, problems. The poet could not remain indifferent to his hard lot. The work of N. A. Nekrasov's "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" was written with such sympathy for the people, which makes even today to empathize with their fate at that difficult time.