Recently, we managed to visit an amazing estate, which is one of the decorations of Staraya Basmannaya Street, the city estate of the Muravyovs-Apostols.
On the territory of the Basmanny District, that is, the former Basmannaya Sloboda, there used to be a large number of linen and silk factories. And the first buildings on the site of the current estate appeared, presumably, on the territory allocated from the site that belonged to the factory of A.I. Babushkin in the middle of the XVIII century. The site was repeatedly resold, and in 1803 it was bought by retired captain Pavel Ivanovich Yakovlev. He built a house on a brick basement of the 18th century in the style of Moscow classicism.
From 1809 to 1815 the estate was owned by Countess E.A. Saltykov and Count R.A. Vorontsov. The house was lucky: it was not damaged by the fire of 1812. In 1815, it passed into the possession of Praskovya Vasilievna Muravyova-Apostol, the second wife of Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol. The house was quite crowded, receptions were held, literary readings, musical evenings, his sons visited their father. The eldest sons of Ivan Matveyevich - Matvey and Sergey - participated in the campaign of 1812, reached Paris with the foreign campaigns of the Russian army, and later actively participated in the Decembrist uprising. In 1822, the Muravyov-Apostol family sold this house.
AT late XIX century the estate was occupied by the Alexander-Mariinsky orphanage. The shelter occupied the front and mezzanine floors, and the basement and outbuilding were rented out for apartments, shops and craftsmen's workshops. In 1912, they were going to build a 6-storey building on the site of the estate. tenement house but the project was not implemented.
After the revolution, the house housed a school, hostel, social security, communal apartments. Since 1955, the building has been occupied by the Moscow Institute of Aerial Photography and Cartography. In 1986, a branch of the State Historical Museum, the Museum of the Decembrists, was opened here, which was supposed to be arranged here as early as 1925 at the direction of Lunacharsky. The museum did not work for long, and in 1991 it was closed because the building was in disrepair.
But fate was favorable to the house, and in 1991, at the invitation of the Soviet Cultural Fund, the descendants of the owners of the estate came to Russia: Alexei, Andrei and his son Christopher Muravyov-Apostols. They brought family heirlooms as a gift to the museum and, seeing the deplorable state of the house of their ancestors, decided to restore it with the help of the family. Christopher took on this difficult task. A non-profit organization was created, which was the founder of the House-Museum of Matvey Muravyov-Apostol.
In January 2001, scientific and methodological restoration began, based on the historical appearance of the estate at the beginning of the 19th century. Upon completion in 2013, Mayor S.S. Sobyanin presented Christopher Muravyov-Apostol with a diploma of the laureate of the Moscow Restoration 2013 competition. The house-museum in Moscow was the first to receive the right to pay preferential rent. Now the second floor of it is equipped for the Muravyov-Apostol family to live, and exhibitions, receptions and other events are held on the first floor.
The two-story outbuilding was built in early XIX century. It is possible that the poet Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov lived in it when he stayed with the Muravyov-Apostols in 1816. On this road leading to the wing, carriages from the side of Basmannaya Street entered the front yard, and then through the arch in the middle of the wing they drove to the utility yard.
The outbuilding is currently owned by third parties.
And of course, the most interesting thing was to get inside and see with your own eyes what the house was like after the restoration.
And the front staircase meets us.
But this small window above the door overlooked the gallery on which the orchestra was located. When the guests went up the stairs, the conductor saw them and signaled the orchestra to start playing.
By front staircase we go up to the hallway.
In the passage on the right you can see the "anatomy" of the house. Here the wooden walls of the house are shown after restoration: all healthy logs were saved, and new ones were put in place of the damaged ones.
Parallel to the main suite are more modest rear rooms. The premises of the second floor are occupied by the Muravyov-Apostol family, and there is no passage there.
At the far end of the house from the entrance, there are low mezzanines.
The only thing that confused us was the sticker on the window depicting the view from the window in a completely different direction.
And now let's go through the front suite and start from the ballroom.
On the wall of the hall opposite the windows there are choirs for musicians, the window from which just goes to the main staircase.
The hall is decorated with pilasters, fine stucco and panels with antique motifs.
The ballroom has access to a small glazed semi-rotunda,
which offers a wonderful view of the Old Basmannaya and the Church of Nikita the Great Martyr.
The ballroom is followed by a series of living rooms.
They preserved corner Dutch ovens and stucco cornices.
By the way, the chandeliers in the rooms are old, from the 19th century, and were bought by the modern owner of the house at auctions.
The enfilade ends with the main bedroom, in the decoration of which the technique of artificial marble was used.
This is such a wonderful house.
References:
1. Architectural monuments of Moscow
2. Presentation about the estate of the House-Museum of the Muravyovs-Apostles (
One of the most interesting architectural monuments decorating Staraya Basmannaya Street - a mansion at number 23, painted in yellow, with a six-column portico, decorated with an angular semicircular rotunda, a triangular pediment and antique-style friezes on both sides of the portico.
In the 18th century, it was the property of the Babushkin merchants, whose name the neighboring Alexander Lukyanov Lane bore until 1964.
In 1795, the daughter of the first guild merchant Peter Babushkin, Alexandra, married the prime minister, Prince Yu. P. Volkonsky, to whom, together with his wife, this property also passed as a dowry. Volkonsky built a wooden mansion here, and a few years later the estate passed to the retired captain Pavel Ivanovich Yakovlev, who rebuilt the house in the style of late classicism. Who is the author of the project of this elegant wooden building on a white stone plinth is not known for certain. For a long time, its construction was attributed to M. F. Kazakov, then to the architect I. D. Zhukov - in any case, it is his signature on the plan of the Yakovlev house.
By the way, the mansion has one curious detail - the ceilings in the rooms are of different heights.
For several years, the estate was owned by Countess E. A. Saltykova and Count R. A. Vorontsov. Around 1815, the mansion was acquired by Praskovya Vasilievna Muravieva-Apostol, the wife of a senator, a member of the Russian Academy Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol. It was in this house that the future Decembrists Ippolit, Sergei and Matvey Muravyov-Apostles lived. This estate is also associated with the name of the poet Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov, who lodged here with the Muravyovs in 1816. Perhaps A. S. Pushkin also visited the house.
In 1822, the Muravyovs sold the estate, the owners changed, and in the 1840s, the Alexander-Mariinsky orphanage was opened here, which belonged to the department of Empress Maria Feodorovna. He was in an old mansion until 1917.
Soon after the revolution, People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky proposed to open here, on the occasion of the centenary of the uprising on Senate Square Museum of the Decembrists. But then the idea was never realized. Instead, communal apartments were arranged in the house. The old mansion was dilapidated and slowly destroyed. Back in 1952, P.V. Sytin wrote that "typical for its time and rare today" Muravyov-Apostol's house on Staraya Basmannaya "survives last days". However, the house survived.
And only in 1986 the museum finally opened in it. But already in August 1991, the ceiling on the main staircase collapsed, and the museum was closed for restoration. Instead of restoration, the house was further destroyed, and the state stopped funding the work. So Moscow would have lost this most interesting monument, if not for one of the descendants of the Muravyov-Apostles - a Swiss citizen Christopher Andreevich. He offered to transfer the house to him on a long-term lease with an obligation to restore the mansion. On December 5, 2000, on the 175th anniversary of the Decembrist uprising, a corresponding decree of the Moscow Government was signed. And just a month later, a large-scale scientific and methodological restoration began. Currently, the house receives guests - exhibitions are held here, lectures, book presentations are held.
In 2001, scientific restoration began, which included the restoration of the main house of the estate - as of the period of the first quarter of the 19th century. By the beginning of the work, the house was literally half destroyed (the white-stone plinth of the facade - by 50%, windows, doors, wooden frame, ceilings - by 40%); the ground floor is partly embedded into the ground. Engineering communications had to be completely shifted. After repairing the walls and vaults of the basement, a temporary roof was erected. Then, step by step, the stucco decoration of the facades and interior was dismantled. The general approach was to preserve the original elements to the maximum extent, if not possible, to replace them with similar ones made according to old technologies.
In the course of the work, wallpapers of the late 18th and second half of XIX century. The interiors of the front rooms were restored: Venetian plaster, gypsum reliefs, Dutch stoves with glazed monochrome and polychrome tiles, artificial marble of friezes under the cornices and pilaster trunks. When restoring the facades, the approach was similar - to leave as much as possible what was preserved. As a result, one high relief was replaced, one was restored. The same was done with some capitals and columns of the portico. Modern communications were inscribed in the ancient interior.
The territory adjacent to the building was completely landscaped, and also recreated according to historical drawings lost fence with a gate and a gate.
The restoration of the unique mansion on Staraya Basmannaya is a vivid example of the complex scientific restoration of architectural monuments of the capital.
In 2013, the estate became the winner of the competition of the Moscow Government for the best project in the field of conservation and promotion of objects cultural heritage"Moscow Restoration" in the nomination "For the best organization of repair and restoration work."
The yellowish-white mansion at 23/9 Staraya Basmannaya Street truly adorns this area of Moscow. Its classical forms - a six-column portico, a semicircular rotunda located on the corner, "ancient" friezes arranged on the facade and a triangular high pediment - the building received at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The history of this house dates back to the 18th century, when the property belonged to the Babushkin merchant family (it was by their last name that the current one was called until 1964).
In 1795, the daughter of the merchant of the 1st guild Peter Babushkin, Alexandra Petrovna, married Prince Yu.P. Volkonsky, who at that time had the rank of prime minister. The estate was also included in the bride's dowry.
Volkonsky immediately erects a wooden mansion on this site, which a couple of years later was bought by Pavel Ivanovich Yakovlev, a retired captain. It is at last house rebuilt and gave it a classic look that has survived to this day.
Unfortunately, the issue of architectural authorship has not yet been resolved. At one time, this wooden structure on a white stone plinth was attributed to Matvey Kazakov, and then, after the discovery of the old building plan, the architect I.D. Zhukov, whose signature was found on this document.
Presumably in 1815, the wife of Senator Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol, Praskovya Vasilievna, bought the house at 23 Staraya Basmannaya Street. Further, the history of the house will be connected with the Decembrist movement in Russia. The fact is that the future Decembrists lived here - the brothers Ippolit, Sergey and Matvey.
Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov, a famous poet, visited the hosts. It is believed that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin also visited them.
In 1822, the Muraviev-Apostol family left the estate. Further, there were other owners, until the Alexander-Mariinsky shelter for teenagers and children was opened within these walls in the 40s, patronized by Empress Maria Feodorovna herself. This institution existed in the mansion until the revolution of 1917.
In the first years of Soviet power, the People's Commissar of Education Anatoly Vasilievich Lunacharsky, on the occasion of the imminent celebration of the December uprising of 1825 on Senate Square, proposed to open the Museum of the Decembrists on these squares. The idea was not supported former mansion given to communal apartments.
In 1986, the museum was nevertheless opened, but no measures were taken to restore it, which led in 1991 to the collapse of the ceiling at the location of the main staircase. The building was closed for restoration, but due to the difficult financial situation in the country, state support was not provided. In 1997, the museum was completely closed.
Perhaps Moscow would have lost this historical monument if it were not for the support of the Swiss citizen Christopher Andreevich Muravyov-Apostol, one of the descendants of this famous family. He proposed and the building of the former manor was given to him on a long-term lease. The agreement was signed on the eve of the 175th anniversary of the December uprising - December 5, 2000. Immediately after that, restoration and restoration work began here.
AT late XVIII- 1st quarter of the 19th century. It is open to the public as a house-museum.
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A three-story house, based on a wooden frame on a brick plinth, on its second floor there is a front suite of rooms, consisting of an office, a front bedroom, two living rooms, a ballroom, and a small semi-rotunda. The street façade is decorated with a six-column portico and antique friezes above the high windows of the second floor; the left side of the building ends with a semi-rotunda. The former Babushkin Lane (now Lukyanov Street) leads to Basmannaya Street, in which the factory of the merchant Babushkin was located; the main entrance to house number 23 is also from the alley. The building looks very proportionate, creating the image of a simple but elegant city estate and giving an opportunity to imagine Basmannaya Street two hundred years ago, when the Church of Nikita the Martyr (Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God) still completely dominated the district, and the neighboring mansions of the Kurakins, Demidovs, Razumovskys had not yet been rebuilt .
Story
On the territory that stretched from Staraya Basmannaya to Novaya Basmannaya Street, there were linen and silk factories. The first buildings were made in the middle of the 18th century. The house has been resold many times. In particular, it was owned by the heiress of the daughter of the manufacturer P. A. Babushkin - Alexandra Petrovna Volkonskaya, the wife of Prime Major Prince Yu. P. Volkonsky, who sold the house at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1803, the estate was bought by retired captain Pavel Ivanovich Yakovlev, who rebuilt the house in 1803-1806 on the basis of an old house in the style of late classicism: a white-stone plinth, a six-column portico with Corinthian columns and bas-reliefs on antique scenes on the sides of the portico, a triangular pediment, a semicircular rotunda at the corner of the street and alley.
Then it is bought by Praskovya Vasilievna Grushetskaya. The estate was not affected by the fire in 1812, and in 1815, perhaps, passed as a dowry Grushetskaya into the possession of her husband, Senator Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol (after his second marriage). The house was quite crowded, receptions were held, the father was visited by his sons. In 1816 the poet Batyushkov lived here. This period was outwardly prosperous for the family, but at that time the Decembrist movement was taking shape. All three sons of Ivan Matveyevich were among the main participants in the uprising, who fought for the abolition of serfdom in Russia. The suppression of the rebellion also became a family tragedy: Sergei was hanged, Ippolit shot himself, Matvey was sent to hard labor. The house has been sold.
At a later time, one of its owners opened the Alexander-Mariinsky orphanage for girls here, which then passed into the possession of the department of Empress Maria. The shelter occupied the front and mezzanine floors. Director of the shelter V. A. von Levdik. The ground floor and outbuilding were rented out as apartments, shops and craftsmen's workshops. In 1912, on the site of the estate, they were going to build a 6-storey apartment building. The project was not implemented.
In 1925, A. Lunacharsky was going to open a museum of the Decembrists, which was realized only in 1986, when a branch of the State Historical Museum was opened in the estate.
Museum of the Decembrists
In 1986, as a branch of the State Historical Museum, the museum of the Decembrists was opened in the building (closed in 1992). In 1816-1817 the house was visited by the future Decembrists M. I., S. I. and I. I. Muravyov-Apostols, the poet K. N. Batyushkov.
The first attempt to create an exhibition on the history of the Decembrists in Moscow was the opening in the Rumyantsev Museum in the 1890s of the “Rooms of the people of the 40s”. The exposition was created on the initiative of E. S. Nekrasova and the director of the museum M. A. Venivitinov and existed until 1925, then transferred to the State Historical Museum. The issue of establishing the Museum of the Decembrists was discussed in 1925 and 1975. In 1976, the State Historical Museum, where a rich collection of materials on the Decembrist uprising was collected, developed the concept of creating a museum. Since 1977, the creation of the Museum of the Decembrists was facilitated by the activities of the Commission on the History of the Decembrist Movement at the Moscow City Branch of the All-Russian Union of People's Commissariats of the Russian Federation.
The Decembrist Museum did not have its own funds, instead, as a branch, it used the funds of the State Historical Museum collection to arrange temporary exhibitions: "Pushkin and the Decembrists" (1987), "Relics Patriotic War 1812” (1987), “Decembrists and their contemporaries in daguerreotype and photography” (1988), dedicated to M. S. Lunin (1989), Muravyov (1990), M. A. Fonvizin (1991) and others. work on the creation of a permanent exhibition on the topic "Decembrists in Moscow".
However, already in 1991, the museum was closed to the public due to the emergency state of the building.
The revival of the estate
In the same 1991, at the invitation of the Soviet Cultural Foundation, Muravyov-Apostles visited Russia: Alexei, Andrei and his son Christopher. They returned some family heirlooms and decided to restore the family mansion. A non-profit organization was created under the leadership of Christopher, which was the founder of the House-Museum of Matvey Muravyov-Apostol.
After several years spent on various formalities, in December 2000, the main house of the Muravyov-Apostolov estate was leased to the museum for 49 years by order of the Moscow Government, and restoration began. The restoration is taking place with the preservation of the old wooden frame of the building; during the restoration, open fragments of wood were left in the walls. In the courtyard of the building, a one and a half meter cultural layer of earth was removed, the artifacts found during the excavations were transferred to the museum, which was opened to the public in 2013.
The estate hosts exhibitions and receptions. In particular, he celebrated his 15th anniversary in Russia here. auction house
The estate of the Muravyov-Apostles in Moscow on Staraya Basmannaya Street is one of the decorations of the capital. The Museum of the Decembrists, which opened in an old mansion, acquaints guests with the tragic story that happened in the life of the Moscow nobility. In addition to the main exposition, exhibitions and musical evenings are held here, lectures are given.
Story
In the 18th century, the house was located in the suburbs of Moscow, next to a textile factory, which, like the house, belonged to the merchant Babushkin. The memory of the industrialist lasted in this part of the city until 1964, and the neighboring lane named after. bore the name of the manufacturer Babushkin. In 1795, the house passed into the possession of Prince Volkonsky, for whom the merchant married his daughter. The dignitary rebuilds the mansion, but soon sells it to a retired military man, Yakovlev. The new owner rebuilds the country estate, giving it the style of late classicism.
It is not known for certain who was the author of the project, but the plans of the house bear the signature of the architect I. D. Zhukov. Subsequently, the house repeatedly changed owners, among them were Countess Saltykova E.A., R.A. Approximately in 1815, this suburban property was bought into the ownership of Praskovya Ivanovna Grushevskaya, who became the second wife of Ivan Matveevich Muravyov-Apostol.
Ruined Nest
Within the walls of this mansion, guests were in full swing, balls were given, many were welcomed by the influential senator Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol. The estate saw celebrities, for example, the poet Batyushkov lodged with the family in 1816. There are suggestions that Pushkin A.S. came to visit.
The house was crowded, sons often came to visit their parents: Ippolit, Sergey and Matvey. Life was prosperous, but this period was the time of the birth of the Decembrist movement, in which the three sons of the family became active participants. After the suppression of the uprising, Ippolit Muravyov-Apostol, not wanting to be arrested, committed suicide. Sergei was publicly hanged, and Matvey was sent to Siberia for hard labor. In 1822 the estate was sold.
Museum of the Decembrists
After the Muravievs-Apostols, the house was resold several more times, until the Alexander-Mariinsky shelter for orphans was opened in the mansion in the 1840s. The second one was given to the shelter, and premises for housing, shops, craft workshops were rented on and in the wing. The estate of the Muraviev-Apostols was an orphanage until 1917.
In 1925, the Soviet People's Commissar Lunacharsky planned to open a museum of the Decembrists and coincide with the centenary of the uprising, but the idea did not find a real continuation. Instead of museum halls the mansion was adapted for a communal apartment, which contributed to the rapid decay. The idea of founding a museum hovered in the air, but it was realized only in 1986. The building was in disrepair, and when the main staircase collapsed in 1991, it was closed for restoration. Perestroika and confusion contributed to further destruction - there was no funding, restoration work was stopped.
rebirth
In Moscow, many historical monuments lost, for many reasons. The mansion could also have sunk into oblivion, if not for the heir of the family, Christopher Muravyov-Apostol. The ancestral home made a great impression on him. The authorities met his desire to revive the estate, and the premises were leased for 49 years. were carried out using the latest technologies, which made it possible to keep the frame of the mansion intact. In order to see the old walls, open fragments of a wooden frame were left in the already open halls.
Restoration work was carried out in the yard, where carriages used to call in. Artifacts found around the building are on display at the museum. During the entire existence of the house, a lot of layers accumulated around the basement floor, and therefore, despite the presence of windows, it was hidden from the sun. From the front side, it is impossible to remove the layer of earth to the original level, but from the side of the courtyard, it was possible to clear the territory to the historical layer, and now the basement is open. The lower rooms of the mansion previously housed a kitchen, a well-preserved wine cellar, and utility rooms.
In the museum-estate, the preservation of historical heritage is carried out using modern methods: a constant temperature is maintained and the humidity regime is controlled.
Architecture
The estate of the Muravyov-Apostols in Moscow is a three-storey wooden log house erected on a white brick basement. The facade of the building is made in the style of late Moscow classicism. The high windows of the second floor are hidden behind a Greek portico decorated with Corinthian columns. Above the windows are finely crafted bas-reliefs depicting ancient scenes. The left side of the building, overlooking the intersection, ends in a light, full of light semicircular rotunda.
The halls of the second floor are connected by an enfilade, where there is an office, a main bedroom, a ballroom, two living rooms and a semi-rotunda room. The mansion has one feature - the ceilings in all rooms have different heights. The Museum-Estate of the Muravyovs-Apostles is a restored space, where everything that was possible was carefully preserved. According to the director of the museum, Tatyana Makeeva, the restorers showed all their professionalism and knowledge of their business. “Under the ceiling are preserved reliefs, we only washed them from oil paint. In general, everything that could be saved, we saved, ”says Makeeva.
Modern Museum
The estate of the Muravievs-Apostles today is a museum space of the first two floors, the last and mezzanine floors are living quarters. permanent exhibition The museum is dedicated to the family of the Decembrists. Here is stored the last letter of the son of Sergei, sent from Peter and Paul Fortress to his father. In it, he begs for forgiveness for the grief that his death will bring to the family, and asks not to leave his two sons without guardianship. This letter is a relic that the heirs of the family brought with them to Russia. A special room is reserved for him, where only one exhibit is exhibited.
The suite of rooms on the second floor is dedicated to the history of the Decembrist movement. Here are collected personal items, albums, reproductions, artifacts that belonged to the family and close people. Getting into the space of the museum, visitors find themselves in the atmosphere of the 19th century. Already on the front staircase, everyone is met by the owner of the house, Ivan Matveyevich, or rather, his cardboard image. In the rooms of the mansion, you can see almost revived images of all family members in the ballrooms of the century before last.
The basement is completely provided for art space, where cultural events are constantly taking place. The vaulted ceiling and the vast square refer to the times when the estate of the Muravyov-Apostols was here. Exhibition, lecture, presentation, musical evening or any other social event is welcome within the walls of the revived home. In 2012 noted here memorable date Christie's auction house, in early 2016 and until mid-summer, a photo exhibition "Genesis", dedicated to the beauty of nature, was held. The author of the works is the eminent photo artist Sebastio Salgado. In addition to significant events, the museum also hosts more intimate events. The patio is also open to visitors and guests.