Exhibition of Kandinsky in the Russian Museum. Exhibition "Vasily Kandinsky and Russia" opened in the Russian Museum

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AT Russian Museum exhibition dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky, an artist who stood at the origins of abstract art. This is the second exhibition this year dedicated to the anniversary: Russian museums, and each with their own "optics", approach the legacy of Kandinsky, closely examining all its facets. Tretyakov Gallery the spring exhibition was looking for consonances and "countersounds" of two famous and significant works of the artist, written in 1913: "Compositions VII" and "Compositions VI". The latter is kept in the Russian Museum, whose curators study Kandinsky from a slightly different angle. They are interested in the national origins in the art of the theoretician of non-objectivity, who comes from a merchant family of descendants of Siberian convicts.

"Improvisation 11"
1910

Therefore, for comparison, along with picturesque and graphic works masters, samples of author's porcelain, the exhibition will feature works by his famous contemporaries: Ivan Bilibin, Elena Polenova, Sergei Malyutin, Mikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova, Kazimir Malevich, David Burliuk, Alexei Yavlensky, Marianna Verevkina and others.

The fate of Kandinsky, it is worth recalling, was unusual: for a rather long life (1866-1944) he was a citizen of three countries: Russia, Germany and France. The artist's great-grandmother was the Tunguska princess Gantimurova, and his father was a representative of the ancient Transbaikal Kandinsky family, deriving themselves from the surname of the princes of the Mansi Kondinsky principality.

"Blue comb"
1917

Kandinsky did not get into art immediately. A student of the law faculty of Moscow University became interested in ethnography and made an expedition to the northern districts of the Vologda province.

At the age of thirty, the associate professor went to study painting in Munich, where, together with the artist Franz Marc, he created the Blue Rider group of expressionists. In 1914 an artist in Moscow. After the revolution, he sincerely tries to get along with the new government, but abstract art called decadent, and Kandinsky - "a henchman of the bourgeoisie." Having accepted a very timely offer made by the German architect Walter Gropius to teach at new school Bauhaus in Weimar, leaves for Europe, where he becomes a world famous artist.

"Two ovals"
1919

"Black Spot (I)"
1912

"Amazon in the mountains"
1917 — 1918

Mikhail Larionov
"Near Camp"
1910-1911

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    The Germans consider Wassily Kandinsky theirs, and the French, and we, of course, too. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth in St. Petersburg, the State Russian Museum opened an exhibition dedicated to the artist - "Wasily Kandinsky and Russia". The name is correct. Born here, in Moscow, as an artist established himself in Germany, there he created the first abstract painting in history, last years lived in France and died there. The exposition is held under the auspices of the V St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum.

    So, there was an amazing period in the life of Kandinsky - these are the years from 1914 to 1921, when he lived in Russia, when after the revolution he wanted to arrange his own revolution in domestic art. But the organizers of the exhibition have expanded the exposition beyond this seven years. Because they wanted to see the national origins in those works that Kandinsky created away from his homeland.

    There is pandemonium in the five halls of the Benois building. Everyone wants to see Kandinsky unknown, figurative. The period for research is taken in a quarter of a century - from the beginning of creativity in 1896, when the 30-year-old successful lawyer refused a profitable job and began to seriously engage in painting, until his departure from Russia in 1921.

    “It is the Russian part of his heritage that is represented here, moreover, it is presented in all forms in which he worked. This is not only painting, watercolor, engraving, which he cut with pleasure, this is also decorative and applied art, ”says Vladimir Kruglov, a leading researcher at the Russian Museum, curator of the exhibition.

    Distaffs, colorful popular prints, northern icons - what Kandinsky saw in his youth, when he was with an ethnographic expedition in the Vologda province. Researchers believe that it was after this trip that he understood how color and rhythm affect artistic image. And the curators of the exhibition prove that the origins of Kandinsky's abstractions are also in the north of Russia.

    “What makes Kandinsky great, because he could transform folk art through yourself. And what he received in the north of Russia, this charge of purity in color, he practically did not change, ”says artist Josef Kiblitsky.

    A separate part of the exhibition is the work of Kandinsky's contemporaries - Nicholas Roerich, David Burliuk, Marianna Verevkina, Alexei Yavlensky. Under the influence of neo-romantics, expressionists, Kandinsky moved further and further away from figurative painting and came to abstractionism. First. He composed his paintings like music, called them "Compositions", "Impressions" and "Improvisations". He foresaw and encoded in them the events of his life and of all mankind, as in the most famous - "Compositions VI" and "Compositions VII" - from the Hermitage and the Tretyakov Gallery on the plot Flood and the Last Judgment.

    Our country is the birthplace of abstractionism. This can be seen by residents and guests of St. Petersburg, who will come to the exhibition "Kandinsky and Russia" in the Benois Wing of the Russian Museum. One of the largest museum institutions in the country decided to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the artist with a conceptual exposition, the task of which is to show the origins of his style and at the same time remind the general public that abstractionism did not grow from scratch.

    At the entrance to the first hall, we are greeted by handicrafts, icons of northern writing and lubok pictures. Then we see early work Kandinsky (starting with the "Port of Odessa" in 1898). And some of them have a clear connection with folk and religious art.

    Of particular interest are several oil paintings on glass (including those from private collections). This is also Kandinsky the symbolist - his fabulous princesses fit perfectly into the aesthetics of Russian modernity.

    To paraphrase Anna Akhmatova, we can say: “If only you knew what kind of rubbish the Russian avant-garde grew from…”, commented the director of the Russian Museum Vladimir Gusev. - Kandinsky was greatly influenced by folk art. There are his memories of how he was amazed by the interior peasant hut. How many colors there are, how people decorated their things ...

    The paintings of the main character of the exhibition hang surrounded by paintings by contemporaries who turned to epic and historical subjects. Huge canvases by Apollinary Vasnetsov, Elena Polenova and Nicholas Roerich outshine Kandinsky's popular Mannerist miniatures. But he rebounds in the following halls, where his most significant works of the late 1900s and 1910s are presented. Including - "Composition No. 6" from the Hermitage. In the spring she stayed in Moscow: then the Tretyakov Gallery also remembered the anniversary of Kandinsky and hung the Hermitage masterpiece in front of their own “Composition No. 7”.

    Fortunately for Muscovites and unfortunately for Petersburgers, the Tretyakov Gallery did not give this landmark work to the exhibition "Kandinsky and Russia", but shared a number of beautiful pictures. Yes, and the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts did not refuse colleagues from the Northern capital, although he does not have so much Kandinsky. Regional museums (Kazan, Tyumen, Vladivostok) made their contribution.

    As a result, visitors to the exhibition can see dozens of "Improvisations" and "Compositions", as well as landscapes of Murnau and Moscow, clearly demonstrating the moment of transition from subject painting to abstract art. Here are the still recognizable domes of the Mother See, and next to them are similar colors and shapes, but without any specifics.


    Kandinsky was not the first (at least not the only one) who felt that lines, spots, strokes can create a convincing inner story, impress and captivate without reference to recognizable images. The works of Burliuk, Larionov, Goncharova, Yavlensky presented at the exhibition demonstrate similar searches in the field of color and form.

    But it was Kandinsky who embodied these ideas in reference works that combine emotional spontaneity with meticulous detail and almost scientific composition.


    As the exposition of the Russian Museum shows, the influence of Russian art here was no less important than European trends. The value of the exhibition lies in the fact that all this can be understood not speculatively, but with the help of concrete examples. In other words, to trace the evolution of the style of the great avant-garde artist on the best examples.

    Read an interview with the director of the Russian Museum Vladimir Gusev in the next issue of Izvestia.