Project on the topic of the etymology of my last name. Interesting last name

This project is a joint work of the teacher Trofimova N.N. and students

4 B class Grigoryeva Yulia.

Being born, a person receives not only a name, but also inherits the surname of his

ancestors. And everyone, sooner or later, thinks about the question "What

does my last name mean? Unfortunately, most of us find it difficult

explain the meaning of even very familiar and familiar surnames. But

the original word from which the surname was formed meant something!

Hundreds and thousands of words that have disappeared from the living have come down to us through surnames.

language. The more obscure and familiar surnames we

"Decipher", the more we learn the forgotten words. And thus open

a lot of new about our ancestors, their occupations, way of life, beliefs. A material

for these discoveries is not located anywhere in the museum, archives or for the family

seals, but literally everywhere: every hour we pronounce, hear from

interlocutors, we read names in books different people.

Explore the origin story

and the meaning of their surname and the surnames of classmates.

The history of the surname is the history of our ancestors, the history of the family, and

to get in touch with history means to take a step towards the knowledge of one's own kind,

to the compilation and preservation of the genealogy of his family.

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A surname is a family name added to a person's given name and patronymic. The name for each of us was chosen by our parents. The patronymic is formed from the name of the father. Our surname is also, as a rule, paternal, and passed to the father from the grandfather ...(problem issue)

After reviewing the list of surnames of students in our class, I came to the conclusion that I find it difficult to explain the meaning of even very familiar surnames. But every original word, from which the surname was formed, meant something! Hundreds and thousands of words that have disappeared from the living language have come down to us through surnames. The more incomprehensible surnames we “decipher”, the more we will recognize forgotten words. And thus we will discover a lot of new things about our ancestors, their occupations, life, beliefs, the wider and more complete our ideas about the past of our Motherland will be.(hypothesis)

And the material for these discoveries is not found somewhere in a museum, archive or behind seven seals, but literally everywhere: every hour we pronounce, hear from interlocutors, read the names of different people in books. We read, but we don't think. Let's try to make sure that our surnames keep many curious secrets.

Target research work: study of the history of origin and the meaning of one's surname and the surnames of classmates.

tasks:

To study materials on the history of the origin and meanings of surnames in Russia;

To identify what factors influenced the process of formation of surnames;

School?

methods : collection of information and materials on this topic, analysis of the collected materials, interviewing and questioning my family members, questioning students and parents of the 4th grade, comparing different points of view and opinions on this topic.

does my last name mean? So I asked myself this question, but I could not answer it right away. At the very beginning of our work, we conducted a survey

among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you (do you know) what your (your) surname means?” Survey results again

6 gave a positive answer.

surnames.

1. The magic key to discovering these secrets of our surnames is science. anthroponymy.

This science has existed since the 60s of the 20th century. Word"anthroponymy"

translated from Greek as " anthropo" - a person and "onyma" - a name. The science

studies personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames of people.

Famous philologists dealt with issues of anthroponymy:

A.V.Superanskaya, V.D. Bondaletov, I.A. Korolev, T.F. Vedina.

2. The word "surname" of Latin origin: "famulus" means "slave",

"A surname is a hereditary family name added to a personal name."

3 .The first surnames in the now known sense arose in the 10-11th centuries in

Northern Italy.

In Russia, the first to have the right to have surnames werein the 14th-15th centuries princes and boyars.

From the 16th century surnames began to have nobles.

In the 18th and 19th centuries surnames receivedservants and merchants, in the 19th century -

Russian clergy, in end of the 19th century and up to the 30s of the 20th century –

peasants ( after the abolition of serfdom in 1861). Before

4 .Most often Russian surnames are formed from nicknames and personal namesthrough possessive adjectives. They have suffixes–ov/-ev, -in and answer the question"Whose? Whose will you be?The difference is in what sound the generating word ends with:-ov added to names and

Nicknames into a hard consonant(Ignat-Ignatov, Mikhail - Mikhailov),

Ev to names and nicknamesinto a soft consonant(Grigory-Grigoriev,

Ignatius-Ignatiev),-in - to the basics on -a, -я (Erema-Eremin, Ilya-Ilyin).

5 .According to scientists, Russian surnames can be divided into 5 main groups:

1 ) derived from Christian male baptismal names(Sergeev,

Andreev). This is the most large group surnames. So, for example, the name Ivan

In our class, out of 26 surnames, 10 are formed from male names.

2 ) surnames that retained basically worldly (which were given without the participation of the church) names and nicknames.

Our ancestors received nicknames for a certain distinguishing feature, for example, height - Korotkov, gait - Volokushin, etc. According to research, the most common surname in Russia is Smirnov. Why? It turns out that earlier, in a large family, peasant parents sighed with relief if quiet, unobtrusive children were born. This is a rather rare quality and is captured in the name of Smyrna. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life, since the church name was immediately forgotten. In our class, 11 surnames are formed from worldly names and nicknames (Gushchina, Vyguzova, etc.).

3 ) surnames formed from the professional nicknames of ancestorstelling which of them did what. There are 4 such surnames in our class (Baibara, Wagner, Gurnik, Konopkin).

4) surnames formed from the name of the area where one of the ancestors came from.The basis of such surnames became geographical names (Moskvina)

5) surnames belonging to the Orthodox clergy(Trinity - in honor of the Holy Trinity, Rozhdestvensky - in honor of Christmas).

6. Thus, after analyzing all the collected materials, we came to

I conclude that my last name Grigorieva derived from the name Gregory. From

Grigoriev. What does she mean? The baptismal name Gregory goes back to the Greek verb "grigoreo" - "keep awake." The name Gregory was associated with many saints, but above all with St. Gregory the Wonderworker, probably the first bearer of this name. The high religious and historical status of the name led to its frequent use in church circles, both in Catholic and in Orthodox tradition: 16 popes and 7 patriarchs of Constantinople were bearers of the name.

That surnames formed from full form name, had families that enjoyed great prestige in the area. Neighbors respectfully called them full name, unlike other classes, which were called, as a rule, diminutive names (Grishkin, Grishunin, etc.)

Having begun to study the meaning of my surname, the origins of its origin, I

7 .The number of surnames derived from given names is great. it

It's actually? What is the most common last name in our school?

Analysis of the lists by class led to the conclusion: the most common surname in our school- Popovs , and my surname is 0.16% of the total number of surnames (1236).

There can be many reasons for the widespread use of the Popov family name. Not all Popovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko) as a personal name was quite common among the laity. Religious parents gladly gave their children this name. This once again testifies to the deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people.

Conclusions:

There are 26 students in our class. The theme of our work has become

In order to systematize and generalize the accumulated material, we have prepared the album "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."

origins. There are a large number of dictionaries, books, scientific papers on this topic. And the topic always remains interesting and relevant.

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Slides captions:

The secret of my last name

“Who was your great-grandfather in Russia? Ask your last name ... "G. Graudin

Problematic question: Where did surnames come from and who invented them?

Hypothesis: Our surnames keep many curious secrets, are closely connected with the history of our Motherland.

Purpose: To study the history of the origin and meanings of one's own surname and the surnames of classmates.

Tasks: To study materials on the history of the origin and meanings of surnames in Russia. To identify what factors influenced the process of formation of surnames. Conduct a study "What is the most common surname in our school?" Create a cool album “4 b class. The secret of our families.

Results of the survey: At the very beginning of our work, a survey was conducted among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you know (do you know) what your (your) surname means?” children parents Number of people 54 56 Positive response 6 11 Negative response 48 45

Anthroponymy (Greek and ntropos - "man") - the science of the proper names of people - is one of the youngest philological disciplines.

Surname The word "surname" is of Latin origin. Among the ancient Romans, it did not refer to spouses and children, but only to slaves. "Familia" are slaves owned by one person

SURNAME - hereditary family naming, added to a personal name. "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova

When did the first surnames appear? In Europe: X - XI century. in. - Northern Italy, France, then - England, Denmark, Germany (X I - X I X centuries) In Russia: X IV - X V centuries. - princes, boyars of the X VI -X VIII centuries. - nobles of the XVIII -XI X centuries. - service and trading people XI X century - Russian clergy End of XI X century (until the 30s of the XX century) - peasants

Decree of Peter I: “Record all the people living in .... localities, by name with fathers and with nicknames” (

The formation of surnames from personal names and nicknames

Surname groups by meaning:

The formation of the surname Grigoriev The basis of the surname Grigoriev was church name Gregory. Baptismal male name Gregory in Greek means "awake, awake, vigilant." One of the patrons of this name is St. Gregory, Patriarch of Antioch, who became famous for his piety, modesty and desire to make the life of believers, especially people from the people, less difficult. Among the eminent representatives of the family are Vasily Vasilyevich Grigoriev (1816-1881), an orientalist, by origin a nobleman of the Vladimir province; Pyotr Grigoryevich Grigoriev (1807-1854), Russian actor and playwright.

The most common surnames in our school: 1. Popov 2. Ivanov 3. Belyakov (Belyaev) 4. Mikhailov (Mikhalin) 5. Ushakov 6. Petrov 7. Fomin 8. Filatov 9. Uvarov 10. Pavlov 11. Nikulin (Nikolin, Nikolaev ) 12.Miloserdov 13.Matveev 14.Makarov 15.Kuznetsov

The result of our work:

Conclusions: The history of a surname is the history of my ancestors, the history of my family, and to get in touch with history means to take a step towards knowing one's kind, to compiling and preserving the genealogy of one's family. Interest in the study of surnames instills in us love for our family, our origins, respect for the history of both our own and other peoples.

Some surnames originated from place names. From them you can get an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the settlement of this area took place. Many surnames are reminiscent of disappeared professions: Bortnikov, Konovalov, Luchnikov, Mechnikov, Sokolnikov and others. The history of work and life left a trace in surnames, the lexical bases of which meant social relations (Batrakov, Polovnikov), items of clothing (Laptev, Nogovitsyn), food (Shangin, Sbitnev), customs and rituals (Panihidin, Ryazhenykh). Many surnames talk about past superstitions: in families where children often died, newborns, in order to deceive " evil spirit", gave the names of the amulets: Naiden, Nenash, Nakhodka, patronymics from which later became surnames - Naidenov, Nenashev, Nakhodkin. The surnames Nekrasov, Fools, Negodyaev are connected with the names-amulets.

The research work convinced us that surnames can be an interesting source for historical, sociological, linguistic research, as they reflect time and a person - his social status and spiritual world.

Sources of information: About Russian surnames /A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. : Shkola Press, 1993. Russian surnames. Popular etymological dictionary / Yu.A. Fedosyuk. : Flinta: Science, 2006. Sweet Gift, or The Secret of Names and Nicknames /A. Ktorova.: Gamma-Press, 2002. Dictionary of Russian surnames / Compiled by E.L. Krushelsky. : School-Press, 1993. Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning / T.F. Vedina .: AST Astrel, 2007. http: // ru. Wikipedia.org/http://slovari.yandex.ru./

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my secret

surnames

municipal autonomous

educational institution

"medium comprehensive school No. 30"

4th grade b

scientific adviser

Trofimova Natalya Nikolaevna

Pages

Contents 1

Introduction 2 - 3

Project relevance

Goals and objectives of the project

Research methods

Literature review

Main part 4 - 8

Conclusion 9

References 10

Applications

The word "surname" comes from the Latin familia - family. Once and in

in Russian, “surname” could mean “family”, this is reminded

expressions "family resemblance", "family traditions". Connection between

the words "family" and "surname" are not accidental, the surname is a family

the name added to the name and patronymic of a person. Name for everyone

we were chosen by our parents. The patronymic is formed from the name of the father, which, in

in turn, he was given by his parents - our grandparents. Last name

us, too, as a rule, paternal, and passed to the father from the grandfather, to the grandfather from the great-grandfather ...

Who invented it first, where did it come from?

After reviewing the list of names of students in our class, I came to the conclusion that

that I find it difficult to explain the meaning of even very familiar and familiar

surnames such as Vorobyova, Androsov, Nikitina. But each original

the word from which the surname was formed meant something! Through surnames

hundreds and thousands of words have come down to us that have disappeared from the living language completely or

preserved only in local dialects. The more

we will “decipher” incomprehensible surnames, the more we will learn the forgotten words.

And thus we will discover a lot of new things about our ancestors, their occupations, life,

beliefs, the wider and fuller will be our ideas about the past of our

Motherland. And the material for these discoveries is not somewhere in the museum,

archive or behind seven seals, but literally everywhere: we say hourly,

we hear from interlocutors, we read the names of different people in books. We read, but

we do not think. Let's try to make sure that our names are stored in

a lot of interesting secrets.

The magic key to the discovery of these mysteries is the science of anthroponymy.

This science has existed since the 60s of the 20th century. The word "anthroponymy"

translated from Greek as "anthropo" - a person and "onyma" - a name. The science

studies personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames of people. Development

The main issues of anthroponymy were dealt with by well-known philologists:

A.V.Superanskaya, V.D. Bondaletov, I.A. Korolev, T.F. Vedina. This science

young, only developing, there are still many questions to be answered

find answers to scientists (for example, it is not known exactly how many surnames

exists in Russia - it is believed that from 500 thousand to 2 million).

The purpose of our research work:study the history of origin and

the meaning of my surname and the surnames of my classmates.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following

tasks:

To study materials on the history of origin and the meaning of surnames in Russia;

Find out what factors influenced the process of forming surnames;

Conduct a study "What is the most common surname in our

School?

Create a cool album "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."

In writing our research paper, we used the following

methods: collection of information and materials on this topic, analysis of the collected

materials, interviewing and questioning my family members, questionnaires

pupils and parents of the 4th grade, comparison of different points

perspectives and opinions on the topic.

Being born, a person receives not only a name, but also inherits the surname of his

Ancestors. And everyone, sooner or later, thinks about the question "What

does my last name mean? So I asked myself this question, but to answer immediately

couldn't do it. At the very beginning of our work, we conducted a survey

among parents and fourth-grade students “Do you know (do you know)

What does your (your) last name mean? Survey results again

proved the relevance of work on this topic. Of the 54 children surveyed

6 gave a positive answer, and 48 do not know the meaning of their last name.

Of the 56 parents interviewed, 11 attempted to explain the meaning of their

surnames, 45 - gave a negative answer. (See Appendix)

I tried to involve my classmates in my research work,

to interest them in this topic, and I succeeded. Guys with pleasure

engaged in work on this topic.

Having collected and studied materials from various sources of information (books,

dictionaries, the Internet), here's what we learned:

1. The word "surname" of Latin origin: "famulus" means "slave",

"servant". And originally the "surname" in Ancient Rome called everyone

Slaves owned by one person. This is a late one-root word

"Familia" began to denote family, genus. In Russia, the word "surname" is also

At first it was used in the meaning of "family". In the 17th and 18th centuries there were still

The word "nickname": in those days it meant, called a surname. And

Only in the 19th century did the word "surname" acquire its second meaning, which became

Main. AT " explanatory dictionary Russian language ”S.I. Ozhegov is written:

Surname is a hereditary family name added to a personal name.

Name."

2. The first surnames in the now known sense arose in the 10-11 centuries in

Northern Italy.

In Russia, the first to have the right to have surnames were the princes in the 14-15 centuries

And boyars. From the 16th century, nobles began to have surnames.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Emperor Peter I issued a Decree: “Record all

People living in localities, by names with fathers and with nicknames.

In the 18-19 centuries, servants and merchants received surnames, in the 19 century -

Russian clergy, at the end of the 19th century and up to the 30s of the 20th century -

Peasants (after the abolition of serfdom in 1861). Before

Serfs in Russia were not supposed to have a surname.

3. Most often, Russian surnames are formed from nicknames and personal names through

Possessive adjectives. They have suffixes –ov/-ev, -in and

They answer the question “Whose? Whose will you be? The difference lies in which

The sound ends with the generating word: -ov was added to the names and

Nicknames for a hard consonant (Ignat-Ignatov, Mikhail - Mikhailov),

Ev to names and nicknames on a soft consonant (Grigory-Grigoriev,

Ignatius-Ignatiev), -in - to the basics on -a, -i (Erema-Eremin, Ilya-Ilyin).

4. According to scientists, Russian surnames can be divided into 5 main groups:

1) formed from Christian male baptismal names (Sergeev,

Andreev). This is the largest group of surnames, which indicates

The deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people. So, for example, the name Ivan

(John), translated as "the grace of God", was the most

Common in Russia. Hence one of the most common

In Russia, surnames are Ivanov (Vanin, Vanyushin, Ivannikov).

In our class, out of 26 surnames, 10 are formed from male names (see appendix).

2) surnames that retained basically worldly ones (which were given without

church participation) names and nicknames. Our ancestors got nicknames for

Some distinguishing feature, for example, height - Korotkov, gait -

Volokushin, etc. According to research, the most common

The surname in Russia is Smirnov. Why? It turns out that earlier in a large

Peasant parents sighed with relief if they were born quiet,

Non-screaming children. This is a rather rare quality and imprinted in the name

Smirnaya. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life,

Because the church was immediately forgotten.

In our class, 11 surnames are formed from worldly names and nicknames (Gushchina,

Vyguzov, Shishkin and others).

3) surnames formed from professional nicknames of ancestors,

Telling which of them did what. In our class of such surnames -

4 (Baibara, Wagner, Gurnik, Konopkin).

4) surnames formed from the name of the area where one of the

Ancestors. Geographical names became the basis of such surnames.

(Novgorodtsev, Moskvina)

5) surnames belonging to the Orthodox clergy (Troitsky - in

Honor of the Holy Trinity, Rozhdestvensky - in honor of Christmas).

5. Thus, after analyzing all the collected materials, we came to

I conclude that my surname (Grigorieva) came from the name Grigory. From

The name was formed patronymic (Grigoriev son), and then the surname

Grigoriev. What does she mean?

The family name of the Grigorievs refers to a common type of Russian

Surnames. The baptismal name Gregory comes from the Greek verb

"grigoreo" - "keep awake". Gregory is one of the few actually

Christian names that appeared in the era of the formation of Christianity,

The name was metaphorically compared with the personal qualities of the ideal

Christian. The name Gregory was associated with many saints, but before

In total - with St. Gregory the Wonderworker, probably the first bearer

This name. The high religious and historical status of the name determined it

Frequent use in ecclesiastical circles, both Catholic and

Orthodox tradition: the bearers of the name were 16 popes and

7 Patriarchs of Constantinople.

Our ancestors believed that when forming a surname from a baptismal name

The patronage of the saints goes to the whole family. Most likely the founder

The Grigoriev family was a man from the privileged class. The thing is

The fact that surnames formed from the full form of the name had mainly

Social nobility or families who enjoyed great

Other estates, called, as a rule, diminutive derivatives,

Common names (Grishkin, Grishunin, etc.)

Of course, the surname Grigorieva is a wonderful

Monument Slavic writing and culture. No wonder that

Having begun to study the meaning of my surname, the origins of its origin, I

I would like to know my family tree. And this topic, I think, will become

Continuation of our further research work.

6. The number of surnames derived from names is a great many. it

It prompted us to do a little research. Everyone is hearing

The most common surnames: Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov. But is it

Is it for real? What is the most common last name in our school?

Where does my last name fit on this list?

Analysis of the lists by class led to the conclusion that the most common

The last name in our school is the Popovs, and my last name is 0.16% of

The total number of surnames (1236), (see appendix).

There can be many reasons for the widespread use of the Popov family name.

Not all Popovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko)

As a personal name, it was quite common among the laity. religious

Parents gladly named their children by this name. This is once again

It testifies to the deep Orthodox faith of the Russian people.

Conclusion.

The history of the surname is the history of my ancestors, the history of my family, and

to get in touch with history means to take a step towards the knowledge of one's own kind,

to the compilation and preservation of the genealogy of his family.

This research work is the result of a collaboration between scientific

leader, students and parents of our class for several

months. There are 26 students in our class. The theme of our work has become

Interesting to classmates, they also wanted to unravel the secret of their

Surnames. We shared the results of our work with other students.

classes who enthusiastically joined the study of this topic.

In order to systematize and generalize the accumulated material, we are preparing

collection "4 B class. The secret of our surnames."

We have achieved our goal, but we do not consider that our work is finished.

Interest in the study of surnames instills in us love for our family, our

origins, respect for the history of both their own and other peoples. Exists

a large number of dictionaries, books, scientific papers on this topic. A theme

always remains interesting and relevant.

Bibliography.

About Russian surnames

/A.V.Superanskaya, A.V.Suslova. : School Press, 1993.

Russian surnames. Popular etymological dictionary

/ Yu.A. Fedosyuk. : Flint: Science, 2006.

Sweet Gift, or the Secret of Names and Nicknames

/BUT. Ktorova.: Gamma-Press, 2002.

Dictionary of Russian surnames

/ Compiled by E.L. Krushelsky. : School-Press, 1993.

Surnames

/B. Higir. : AST Astrel, 2006.

Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning

/T.F.Vedina.: AST Astrel, 2007.

Applications.

Mini survey.

Parents and children were asked the question “Do you know what

Your last name?"

Number of participants: 110 people.

Analysis of the names of students according to the method of their education.

Purpose: Determining the most common way of education

Surnames among students of two classes.

Number of participants: 54 people.

Analysis of the lists of students of MAOU secondary school No. 30 in Tambov.

Purpose: Identification of the most common surnames among students

Our school.

Number of participants: 1236 people.

The 15 most common surnames of our school (in descending order):

1.Popov

2. Ivanov

3.Belyakov (Belyaev)

4.Mikhailov (Mikhalin)

5. Ushakov

6. Petrov

7. Fomin

8.Filatov

9. Uvarov

10. Pavlov

11. Nikulin (Nikolin, Nikolaev)

12. Merciful

13. Matveev

14. Makarov

15. Kuznetsov

my secret

municipal autonomous

educational institution

"Secondary School No. 30"

4th grade b

scientific director

Trofimova Natalia Nikolaevna

pages

Introduction 2 - 3

Project relevance

Goals and objectives of the project

Research methods

Literature review

Main part 4 - 8

Conclusion 9

References 10

Applications