USE-2018 Trial test
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
(1) For the Antarctic voyage under the command of Bellingshausen, the Admiralty equipped two ships: the Mirny and Vostok sloops, which turned out to be not the best choice and negatively affected the expedition plans. (2) If the Mirny, designed by Russian engineers Kolodkin and Kurepanov and fortified by Captain Lazarev before the start of the expedition, brilliantly proved itself in the ice campaign, then the Vostok, designed by British engineers, was qualitatively inferior to the Mirny and turned out to be so weak for sailing in polar ice that by the end of the expedition the condition of the sloop was unsatisfactory. (3) .... prompted Bellingshausen to think about early termination of the expedition, and then forced him to decide to return.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The Mirny sloop, designed by Russian engineers, turned out to be much stronger than the Vostok, which was designed by the British.
2) For the Antarctic expedition of Bellingshausen, the Admiralty chose ships built according to different projects and at different shipyards.
3) Not the most successful choice of ships for Bellingshausen's Antarctic expedition was the reason for its early end: the Vostok sloop was too weak to sail in the ice.
4) The commander of the Russian Antarctic expedition, Captain Bellingshausen, had at his disposal two ships of different seaworthiness: the sloops Mirny and Vostok.
5) Bellingshausen was forced to terminate the Antarctic expedition ahead of schedule due to the fact that one of the selected ships was weak for sailing in the polar ice.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
however, that's because it's because though
3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word PLAN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
PLAN, -a, husband.
1) A drawing depicting some kind of plane on a plane. area, building. P. city. P. building(its image is in a horizontal section).
2) A pre-planned system of activities, providing for the order, sequence and timing of the work. Production item. Work according to the plan. Strategic p. Calendar p.
3) Mutual arrangement of parts, brief some program. presentation. P. report.
4) Place, location of some. subject in perspective. Front, rear p. Push something. on the first p.(also trans.: to give something important, essential value).
5) The scale of the image of someone-something. Give faces close up(in the frame of a movie or TV movie: on foreground closer to the viewer).
6) The area of manifestation of something. or way of looking at something, point of view
(book). The action in the play develops in two plans. In theoretical terms.
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
overtaken busy selfishness will facilitate poured in
5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
Look what nails GROWN, little hand!
Many parents seek to SHIELD their children from material problems.
It is a pity for people: they found themselves in the most distressful situation.
Sunday will take place A charity concert. The funds from it will be used to support the activities of the Vera Foundation.
Hard work does not go well with a COMFORTABLE lifestyle, this is worth realizing.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
more than EIGHT HUNDRED rubles five KILOGRAM grandmother's boots
from NINETEEN HUNDRED THIRTY-SEVENTH YEAR eight KILOGRAMS
7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover B) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate D) misuse case form noun with preposition | SUGGESTIONS 1) The notary said that I need the original documents, and you brought copies. Now I have to bring him the originals. 2) It is quite difficult to follow the life of penguins: they are shy, especially emperor ones. 3) Globalization modern world, contrary to expectations and forecasts, exacerbated the social and political contradictions in the world. 4) Neither the plant nor the factory started working last year. 5) Rooms furnished with palace furniture and decorated with sculptures, antique bronzes and paintings tell about the owners of the estate. 6) Sources of dust in the atmosphere are very diverse: soil and sea water salts that enter the air, volcanic emissions, fires. 7) It is noticed that those who in childhood spent more time not at home, but under open sky are less likely to become nearsighted. 8) Upon returning from a business trip, father always asked us about school news. 9) When making ice cream at home, usually the process is entrusted to an electric ice cream maker |
8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
m...kat tv...rhenium fantastic...stic element...par...dox
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.
ra ... walk, in ... cheer up pr ... breathing, pr ... serving
be ... causally, be ... grumblingly search ... search, oh ... swim pr ... acquired, pr ... cut
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
poor ... caricature ... new lily of the valley ... high fear ... in calcium ... high
11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
hated ... breathed ... you glued ... rumbler ... you collect ...
12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.
Batyushkov had a difficult fate, which (not) spared his youth and talent.
I would (not) want to see him in my house more.
The power of Athens (not) gave rest to their neighbors, other Greek policies.
In 1809, the Russian navigator V. M. Golovin reached Vanuata on a (not) large sailing ship.
F. M. Dostoevsky always repelled (not) from feelings or sensations, but from an idea.
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
Nobody travels ON (THIS) path, BECAUSE (THAT) the road here is in disrepair.
(FOR) THE MEETING we were late, although (FROM) DUE TO the snowfall we left the house an hour earlier.
AND(SO), (C)CLOSING let me thank you for your cooperation.
(B) DUE TO the unstable political situation, the trip to Egypt, which we (IN) HURRY planned, had to be postponed.
(B) GAVE from civilization you AS (IF) are aware of all the imperfection of our modern world.
14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The shop sold old (1) dishes and kitchen (2) utensils: silver (3) cutlery, glass (4) dishes, honey (5) jugs and washstands.
15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1. Our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and deeds is what distinguishes us from animals.
2. Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and deeds, and this distinguishes us from animals.
3. A person is able to think over the consequences of his actions and decisions, and this distinguishes us from animals.
4. The ability to think about the consequences and distinguishes us from animals.
5. What distinguishes us from animals is the ability to think about the consequences of our actions, actions and decisions.
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
Mother N. A. Nekrasov (1) quiet and meek (2) was a well-educated woman (3) who spoke French (4) and played music beautifully.
17. Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
I couldn't tell anyone (1)
The sacred words "father" and "mother".
Of course (2) you wanted (3) old man (4)
So that I wean in the monastery (5)
From these sweet names -
In vain: their sound was born
With me. (M.Yu. Lermontov)
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
When he expressed a useless thought aloud (1), his comrade suddenly became nervous again and began to say irritably (2) that he did not understand the careless Russian people (3) who (4) not only does not put his life in anything, but also on others spit.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write out this word.
Read the text and do tasks 21-26.
(1) The accelerated pace of the modern world, the material wealth accumulated in it, cars, crazy speeds, overpopulated cities with their new architecture, continuous movement, finally, the power of television and cinema - all this sometimes creates a feeling of substituting true beauty, replacing the essence of beauty and in the real world, and in person. (2) Sometimes it seems to us that we have learned everything that nothing will surprise us with. (H) Sunset in the span of the street is unlikely to make us stop for a moment. (4) The starry sky no longer seems to us a secret of secrets.
(5) In the everyday life of everyday worries, in the rapid rhythm of life, in the noise, bustle, we slide past the beautiful. (6) We are sure: the truths are in our palm, they seem to be so clearly visible, so familiar that we are tired of them. (7) And in the end we deceive ourselves. (8) No matter how exact science dominates the earth, the world and man in it are still a mystery that we have just touched. (9) But if someone omniscient appeared on earth and suddenly revealed all the mysteries of the Universe, this is (1) The accelerated pace of the modern world, the material wealth accumulated in it, cars, crazy speeds, overpopulated cities with their new architecture, continuous movement, finally , the power of television and cinema - all this sometimes creates a feeling of substituting true beauty, replacing the essence of beauty both in the real world and in man. (2) Sometimes it seems to us that we have learned everything that nothing will surprise us with. (H) Sunset in the span of the street is unlikely to make us stop for a moment. (4) The starry sky no longer seems to us a secret of secrets.
(5) In the everyday life of everyday worries, in the rapid rhythm of life, in the noise, bustle, we slide past the beautiful. (6) We are sure: the truths are in our palm, they seem to be so clearly visible, so familiar that we are tired of them. (7) And in the end we deceive ourselves. (8) No matter how exact science dominates the earth, the world and man in it are still a mystery that we have just touched. (9) But if someone omniscient appeared on earth and suddenly revealed all the mysteries of the universe, it would give people little. (10) For everyone is destined to go a long way of knowledge, and the role of human memory on this path is huge.
(11) After all, human memory, as you know, is associated with a complex of associations. (12) A small push from the outside - and whole historical pictures, characters, phenomena arise in our excited mind. (13) Memory can explain something, it can even be a research tool. (14) For some people, memory is given as a punishment, for others as a responsibility. (15) A person cannot force himself not to think, not to remember, not to generalize.
(16) The process of cognition begins from the past, it cannot be separated from the present and localized. (17) And I think that Mikhail Sholokhov, Leonid Leonov, and Alexei Tolstoy were endowed with such a memory-responsibility and memory of knowledge when they wrote their most famous novels in the thirties. (18) It was the deepest penetration into the past, and therefore, a discovery that never lost its novelty. (19) The twenties, as well as the thirties, were thus comprehensively studied by Soviet literature.
(20) I think that now in our art the time has come for a thorough study of the forties and fifties. (21) A rich life and spiritual experience associated with this era has been accumulated. (22) This is a study of the heroic and tragic, a study of the courage of the people and their character.
(23) Everything related to morality is a subject of art, and everything related to morality lies in the social sphere. (24) Literature cannot be non-social!
(According to Yu.V. Bondarev*)
* Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev(born in 1924) - Russian writer, screenwriter, author of numerous works about the Great Patriotic War.
21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Due to the hustle and bustle of everyday life, we often do not notice the beauty in life.
2) The process of cognition begins with the past and proceeds autonomously, regardless of the present.
3) Despite the rapid development of the exact sciences, the world and man in it have not yet been studied.
4) Even if all the mysteries of the Universe are solved, each person will have to go his own way of knowledge.
5) A person, if necessary, can force himself not to think, not to remember, not to generalize.
22. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Sentence 8 presents the narrative.
2) Proposition 12 explains the judgment expressed in sentence 11.
3) Sentences 17-18 confirm the judgment made in sentence 16.
4) Sentences 20-24 contain reasoning.
5) The predominant type of text is narrative.
23. Write out antonyms from sentences 16-18.
24. Among sentences 13–19, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).
25. Read the review fragment. It examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.
“Calling the reasons that, in his opinion, distract people from true beauty, Yuri Bondarev uses the syntactic means of expression - (A) _____ (in sentence 1). Speaking about the main value in our world, the writer uses the trope - (B) _____ (“truth in our palm” in sentence 6). To characterize the role of the literature of the thirties, Y. Bondarev is helped by the trope - (B) _____ (“rich experience” in sentence 21), as well as the syntactic means of expression - (D) _____ (sentence 24) ".
List of terms:
1) rhetorical appeal
2) exclamatory sentence
3) rows of homogeneous members
contextual synonyms
5) contextual antonyms
6) metaphor
7) parceling
8) epithet
9) dialectism
26. Write an essay on the read text.
Answers
small
In view of the success
presumptive
Past/Present
Facilitate
fence
eight hundred
Fantastic
PreviousTeaching
Cautiously
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It would seem that our world has been studied far and wide, and science will certainly have an answer to any question that interests us. However, no matter how. Until now, there are many mysterious things and phenomena that have no rational explanation.
website collected for you 10 questions that scientists are not able to answer.
cat purr
Everyone knows that cats always purr when they feel good. However, no one knows how they do it. There is no special organ in the throat of cats to make such sounds. It is interesting that during the purring it is impossible to listen to the heart or lungs of cats, and the purring itself is continuous, on inhalation and exhalation.
Scientists believe that cats use their vocal cords to make vibrating sounds that we hear as purrs. Also, in the course of research, it turned out that the frequency of purring is in the range necessary to accelerate regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, your cat is probably an excellent doctor.
Appearance of views out of nowhere
Scientists have been struggling with this riddle for many years. The fact is that many species of animals and plants on our planet simply appeared out of nowhere. They had no ancestors from which they could evolve, and this baffles science.
So it was, for example, with amphibians: the stage at which the fish gave birth to amphibians is not exactly known. And the very first land animals appeared already with developed limbs and a well-defined head. And dozens of various kinds. Then, after the alleged cataclysm (about 65 million years ago), which led to the extinction of dinosaurs, several various groups mammals.
Magnetic compass in cows
You probably didn't even think about it. In general, no one thought before the advent of Google Earth. It was this service that allowed us to study thousands of pictures of grazing cows (don't ask why) and discover one strange pattern. About 70% of cows, when eating or drinking, turn their heads due north or south. Moreover, this is observed on all continents, regardless of the terrain, weather and other factors.
What is dark matter made of?
About 27% of the entire universe is dark matter. This is such a thing that does not emit electromagnetic radiation and does not directly interact with it. That is, dark matter does not emit light at all. This property makes it impossible to directly observe it.
The first theories about dark matter appeared about 60 years ago, but scientists still cannot provide direct evidence of its existence, although everything indicates that it is.
How many planets are in our solar system?
Since scientists officially excluded Pluto from the club of planets, it is believed that there are 8 of them left in our solar system. But no matter how. Most of our solar system has not yet been explored. The region between Mercury and the Sun is too bright, and the region beyond Uranus is too dark.
By the way, right in the outskirts of our solar system, beyond Pluto, is the so-called Kuiper belt, which consists of icy objects. There, scientists discover hundreds of thousands of objects every day, the size of Pluto, and even more.
By the way, they noticed a big gap in the Kuiper Belt. This suggests that there is another planet the size of Earth or Mars, which has attracted all these stones around. So scientists will have to rewrite textbooks many times to explain how many planets there are in our solar system.
Why are people divided into left-handers and right-handers?
Scientists have studied well why most people use right hand more often than the left. However, they still cannot understand what mechanisms work in this case.
It is believed that the majority (from 70 to 95%) are right-handed, a minority (from 5 to 30%) are left-handed. And there is also a percentage of ambidexters in which both hands are equally developed. Although scientists disagree here.
It has been proven that left-handedness and right-handedness are influenced by genes, but the exact “left-handed gene” has not yet been identified. There is also evidence that environment can also influence dominant hand selection. So, for example, teachers retrained children to use their right hand more often than their left hand.
Extinction of the megafauna
The common name for giant animals that once walked the Earth is megafauna. Megafauna disappeared about 10 thousand years ago. And scientists haven't been able to figure out why.
Some believe that the megafauna became extinct due to climate change, but there is little hard evidence for this. Another theory is that they simply did not have enough food. However, everything is not so simple here either. Scientists in Alaska sometimes find perfectly preserved ones, in the stomachs and even in the mouths of which undigested greens were found. This suggests that the animals died literally at the dinner table, and all at once. Why this happened, scientists do not know.
Why do we dream
Some people believe that dreams are just random images and brain impulses, while others believe that they are deep meaning, these are subconscious desires, problems and experiences. But one way or another, no one will give you an exact answer.
Who comes up with modern riddles?
Hypothesis
I think modern riddles are invented by writers.
Questions that concern me
- What is a riddle and how is it built?
- What are the riddles?
- When and in connection with what did the riddles appear?
- Who composed riddles in the old days, and who composes them now?
My actions
Everyone loves riddles: both adults and children. What is a riddle? This is special and interesting world. It is the world, since riddles contain knowledge and information about the people, as well as about the world around them. The very word "mystery" derived from the word "guess", which meant "think", "to ponder".
Mystery- this is short description implied object or phenomenon according to the initial or hinting signs of another object or phenomenon. When constructing a riddle, various artistic means are often used: description, comparison, contrast, denial, hyperbole, epithets. Here, for example, is a riddle constructed with the help of epithets:
Guess easily and quickly:
Soft, lush and fragrant,
They are black, they white,
And sometimes burnt.
But more often than not, the "soul" of the riddle is a metaphor. She is always unique and fantastic. It turns the ordinary idea of the world upside down.
Riddles are different: children's and adults, mathematical and logical, funny and tricky, riddles, rebuses and historical. They teach us to be attentive and active, develop our imagination and curiosity, train our memory and just have fun.
Riddles are one of the oldest genres of oral folk poetry. Many scientists believe that riddles arose as a phenomenon of allegorical secret speech. It was used by our distant ancestors in military, diplomatic affairs, as well as in everyday economic life. ancient man endowed nature with the ability to feel and influence the fate of a person, and therefore believed that with the help of allegorical speech one can deceive animals or plants, avert misfortune from oneself. A folk riddle is connected with these "dummy" words, in which an unnamed object or phenomenon was described by pointing to some signs, for example: -tavta, snoring-ottoman would eat me "(" I went after a horse, took a dog with me and met a bear). Also, according to scientists, in ancient times, riddles were a means of teaching young people "secret" words. Many centuries ago, people used riddles and just to communicate, if they didn’t want others to know what they were talking about. in question. In more recent times, riddles have been used to test wisdom and wit, ingenuity and resourcefulness. Riddles were often used in ancient Russian fairy tales and were considered a kind of test, the passage of which led to the fulfillment of desires.
Nowadays, riddles have not lost their popularity. They attract the attention of many children's poets who compose riddles following folk patterns. Author's riddles are easier to guess, and the best of them become real folk riddles, sometimes adapting for oral guessing. Here, for example, is a riddle about a saw:
"Ela, ate, oak, oak, broke a tooth, a tooth"
everyone knows and perceives it as folk. But it was composed by a famous children's writer S.Ya.Marshak. And although most of them arose long ago, many are perceived as modern. And many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk.
Conclusion
While working on this project, I learned that riddles originated in antiquity as a language of "secret" speech. Then riddles were used to test the ingenuity of young people, to communicate, or to have an interesting pastime. Thus, I came to the conclusion that all the riddles were composed by the people themselves and passed them on to each other from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. In the twentieth century, riddles appeared that writers and poets wrote specifically for children, the so-called author's riddles. Currently, many modern author's riddles are perceived by us as folk, as many do not remember or simply do not know that these riddles have an author. And although most of the mysteries arose long ago, many of them are perceived as modern.
Each new era not only creates new mysteries, but also loses them. Who invents riddles now? Studying children's magazines and pages on the Internet, I came to the conclusion that they are composed by both writers and simple people, that is, the people. The popularity of riddles is due to the fact that they allow us to test ourselves, as well as simply entertain us. I also tried to come up with my own riddles:
In zoo,
Believe, don't believe
resides
Miracle beast.
He has a hand in his forehead
It looks like a pipe! (Elephant)
Redhead, with a fluffy tail,
Lives in the forest under a bush. (Fox)
Let's start with the definition of this concept: in short, a problem is a question that the author asks.
Most the right way identify the problem in the text - find the position of the author. If there is an author's position, there must certainly be a problem on which this position is expressed. It is best to take the main problem of the text, but indirect checkers, as a rule, are loyal.
In an effort to make the reader his ally, the author claims that ...
In an effort to make the reader think about the problem, the author ...
In an effort to show the topicality of the topic he is considering, the author ...
Trying to understand why....
It's interesting to write about old problems...
Inviting to talk about the difficult problems of our life, the author ...
Ironically (sarcastically, indignantly) narrating about the heroes and events, the author...
It's troubling to say that...
Trying to explain why...
Encourage, seek the truth...
To give new life old problems...
positive
negative
sarcastic,
ironic
condemning.
ambiguous,
dual,
not indifferent,
skeptical
humorous.
For entry:
1. Everyone knows that ... Thousands of books have been written about this and hundreds of films have been shot, both inexperienced teenagers and experienced people talk about it ... Probably, this topic interests each of us, therefore the text ... is also dedicated to ...
2. About the need ... everyone knows. Teachers at school talk about it, writers in their books. Problems ... - these are the problems that confront a person constantly. It would seem that everything should have been decided long ago. But how often everything remains only at the level of formal knowledge.
3. (Rhetorical questions). These questions have always troubled mankind. Oh… reflects in his article….
4. (Rhetorical questions). These questions seem simple at first glance. For some people, they are, as it were, not questions, they do not stand before them. The answers to them seem to them for granted.
Some people think that…. Others emphasize ... . But the meaning of this article is somewhat broader than it seems at first glance. The problem that the author poses concerns not only the chosen people, it concerns any of us. …. Why does it happen? The answer to this question can be found in the article ...
5. Start with a quote that contains the main idea text. (Reception "Thread") "(Statement)," - this is how the article begins .... Already in the first sentence it is clearly expressed main topic text. Oh… a lot of talking and writing. The importance of this topic can hardly be overestimated: not all people understand ... (Define the problem in the form of a question).
6. One of the most exciting mysteries that have always troubled human thought was the question related to .... (Rhetorical questions).
7. (Rhetorical question). This question arises before each new generation, because a person does not want to be content with the old answers and seeks to find his own truth.
8. Reception " Keyword". a) Determine the topic of the text. b) Highlight the key concept. c) Explain the meaning of this concept.
9. Reception "Allegory". It is necessary to illustrate the importance of the problem posed by some specific example.
10. Reception "Quote". "...," - wrote the famous .... These words sound... Really, …
11. (Questions). These questions are in the article .... The author raises a problem, the relevance of which no one doubts.
12. People often think about what ... . (The fact that ..., people thought both in ancient times and in times of modern history).
13. What do we know about ...? (every one of us sometime...). Most often, our knowledge about ... is limited to the most general ideas: ...
14. (Questions). These questions are very important because they make us think about the essence of … . Some people think that…. Somebody … .
15. "...," - in these words, it seems to me, the main idea of the text is expressed ....
Let's think about the meaning of this supposedly "textbook" and understandable phrase? (Questions. Then you need to reveal the complexity of the questions posed). If you ask any of us ..., then probably we will answer this question in the affirmative. We know that…
1. To formulate the topic (problem) source code:
1) In the text proposed for analysis (indicate the author) raises (affects) problem...
3) This text is dedicated to topic (problem) ...
4) The text presents a point of view (indicate the author) to the problem...
5) In the text proposed for analysis (specify the author) concerns following questions… (stops at the following issues...)
9) The problem that concerns us all ... raises (indicate the author).
10) Problem, lifted (set) (indicate the author), - this is...
11) Problem... can't help but worry modern man. thought about it and (indicate the author).
12) What...? (What is...? What role does... play in a person's life?) This important issue is raised (indicate the author).