The Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi (Antonio Vivaldi) is known to us as the author of the violin concertos "The Seasons" and one of the main representatives of the violin art of Italy in the 18th century. Vivaldi experimented with musical timbres and gave the violin a new sound, making it a more comfortable and truly concert instrument. His harmonious music is still listened to today in order to cheer up, improve performance or relax.

Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice in 1678. He was born at 7 months old, with a birth injury - a squeezed chest, because of this, the musician suffered from asthma all his life. Asphyxiation attacks practically did not allow walking up stairs and walking. Due to poor health, the parents decided to appoint the boy to the priesthood: they assumed that the presence of dignity, regardless of his health and success, would always ensure a position in society.

Vivaldi began serving in the church at the age of 15, but music interested him much more than worship. He could, right during the mass, refer to an asthma attack and leave the altar to the sacristy to sketch a new fugue. As a result, the novice composer achieved his goal: the young Vivaldi was forbidden to hold services.

The main music teacher in the life of Antonio Vivaldi was his father Giovanni Batista, who was a famous virtuoso violinist. The composer also had a companion and muse - the singer Anna Giraud. She lived in Vivaldi's house, took care of his health and accompanied him on his travels.

In 1713, Antonio Vivaldi and his father were mentioned in a guide to Venice as the city's best violinists. By that time, Vivaldi had become opera composer. In total, he completed more than 400 major instrumental works. At the same time, Vivaldi was a co-owner of the Sant'Angelo Theater, led his accounting. He did not quit his job at the Pieta Conservatory in Venice, for which he wrote music. AT free time the composer staged his operas in other cities. It is surprising that all this was done by a man who, without outside help, could not walk from the door to the carriage. By the way, the theater "Sant'Angelo" was chosen by Vivaldi precisely because it was closest to his home.

In 1718, Antonio Vivaldi left to work in another Italian city - Mantua. Here he took the post of bandmaster at the court of the prince and governor. A few years later, Vivaldi returned to Venice, and from there he first brought his opera Hercules on Thermodon to Rome. The Romans liked the performances so much that the composer was granted an audience with the pope himself.

Many composers of that time experienced financial difficulties, and this also affected Vivaldi. The changeable musical tastes of the audience made his music obsolete, and the public had new idols. One of them was the German composer Johann Adolf Hasse, who was working in Venice at the time.

In 1740, Vivaldi went to Vienna with the hope of improving his financial situation at the court of Emperor Charles VI. However, soon after the composer's arrival, his powerful admirer died. In Vienna, the war for the Austrian inheritance began, and everyone forgot about Vivaldi. He died in poverty in 1741 and was buried in the paupers' cemetery. The place of his burial in Vienna has not been preserved.

Vivaldi - the name of this composer is well known to each of us. It is hard not to recognize his virtuoso violin works, they accompany us everywhere. This is because each of them is incredibly beautiful, unique, but at the same time recognizable due to the composer's unified style. The list of Vivaldi's works is extensive and varied. These are operas, concertos, sonatas and small pieces, some of which have not survived to this day.

The article provides a list famous works Vivaldi, information is given, how and when he wrote them.

The life of a great creator

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi - Italian composer - was born on March 4, 1678 in the beautiful city of Venice. His father was a hereditary barber, but part-time was fond of playing the violin. And the hobby attracted him so much that he became a virtuoso violinist, very famous in his city.

He inherited his talent, along with the instrument, to his son, and he, multiplying the talents of his parent, managed not only to play the violin, but also to compose unique melodies.

Antonio became interested in writing musical texts in his youth - he composed simple “songs”, motifs, sometimes wrote them down, sometimes just memorized them. Soon he began to invent full-fledged works that appealed to the Venetian musical elite.

Vivaldi was invited to work as a composer at the Pieta Conservatory, where abandoned and orphaned girls studied music. It was for them that Antonio wrote 2 concertos a month, and they studied these creations as studies. This is how numerous works of Vivaldi came into the world. The list is endless, there are incredibly many of them, they are somewhat similar to each other, but at the same time each is unique.

concerto grosso

Antonio Vivaldi is rightfully considered the founder of a separate musical genre- concerto grosso, which translates as " big concert". The bottom line is that during the performance of the work, scores alternate in which the entire orchestra performs and individual parts, where this or that instrument is the soloist (in the case of Vivaldi, this is most often the violin). This is a variation of the pre-existing trio sonata, where the first movement is fast, the second movement is slow, and the third movement is again fast. Only now its sound has become more multifaceted and interesting due to such coloring. The list of works by Antonio Vivaldi contains 517 concertos, which are divided into the following categories:

• 44 concertos for basso continuo and string orchestra;
• 49 concerto grosso;
• 38 concertos for two instruments with string orchestra or basso continuo accompaniment;
• 32 concertos for three instruments and accompaniment in the form of basso continuo or string orchestra;
• 352 concertos for one instrument and accompaniment as basso continuo or string orchestra.

The concert list of Vivaldi's works is still almost completely the property of music schools and schools. Children learn and play concertos, thereby improving their virtuosity and sound technique.

operas

Antonio Vivaldi was a composer who could write an entire opera in three days - it was this fame that spread about him throughout Venice. And it was true. He really very quickly and at the same time talentedly composed such complex vocal and instrumental works, which were a great success.

The composer has 90 operas to his credit, many of which are undeservedly forgotten. Others still enjoy success in the leading theaters of the world.

Consider the opera list of Vivaldi's works, touching only on the most famous creations:

1. "Furious Roland".
2. "Pharnaces, ruler of Pontus".
3. "Olympics".
4. "Griselda".
5. "Aristide".
6. "Tamerlane".
7. Moses, god of the pharaoh.
8. "Adoration of the Magi".
9. Triumphant Judith.

Other works

Amazingly, given the pace at which Vivaldi wrote to order, he still had time and inspiration to compose works for his own pleasure! So to speak for the soul, the composer wrote more than 100 sonatas, as well as serenades, cantatas, symphonies and small pieces. But it is worth introducing another biographical fact about Antonio - he was a priest. He never departed from the church, which is why he wrote many Catholic sequences of the Stabat Mater.

For the most august

Thanks to his incomparable talent and genius, Vivaldi quickly became a favorite composer and musician. Louis XV simply adored his creations. Antonio, on the day of the marriage of the king, wrote a serenade-cantata "Gloria and Igomene". A year later, on the birthday of the two august princesses, Vivaldi wrote another serenade - "Celebrating the Seine." The next creation was already created specifically for Charles VI and was called "Zither". They say that the emperor was so imbued with the creativity and personality of the composer that he could talk with him all day long. He granted Vivaldi gold medal and the title of knight, and also invited to Vienna. For this, the composer sent him a copy of the work "Zither".

Seasons

Let's move on to the list of Vivaldi's musical works that have won timeless success. It's about about the famous "Seasons", which received such a simple and uncomplicated name only because there are 12 of them in the opus.

In the early 1720s, Vivaldi set about writing a new opus number 8. He called it "The Dispute of Harmony with Invention", but clearly these "sonatas" had a seasonal context. The fact is that before the execution of each of them, a sonnet was read, in which a specific time of the year was clearly represented. Presumably, Antonio himself wrote these sonnets, but hid his authorship. What is Opus No.8 like?

These are four concertos, each of which consists of three parts. The first is called "Allegro", the second - "Largo" or "Adagio" and the third again "Allegro" or "Presto". That is, the structure is like that of an ordinary sonata or concerto grosso - the two extreme parts are faster, and the middle is slow and drawn out.

Often, "The Four Seasons" is heard in films, programs, they are performed at social events or simply enjoy this wonderful music at home.

Conclusion

A complete list of Vivaldi's works, indicating the title of each work, would be incredibly huge and would not fit into a single article. It is difficult to imagine how talented and brilliant this man was, how he masterfully mastered the instrument and his own inspiration. He gave the world a rich heritage in the form of countless concerts, sonatas, operas and other musical creations that are played and listened to with great pleasure today.

BRIEF CATALOG OF ANTONIO VIVALDI WORKS

Antonio Vivaldi for almost forty years creative life wrote about 800 compositions in various genres, becoming the creator of a new genre - a solo instrumental concerto. Interest in creativity Venetian master appeared already in the 20th century, approximately from the 20s. From the same time, work began on the cataloging of his works, without which it is almost impossible to research and performing activities.

In 1922, a thematic catalog of the Turin finds by A. Gentili appeared, in 1939 - by O. Rudge, in 1945 - by M. Rinaldi, in 1948 - by M. Pincherle, in the second volume of his fundamental research"Antonio Vivaldi and instrumental music", in 1954 - V. Kolnedera and others. Finally, in 1973 in Copenhagen, the Danish researcher Peter Rayom published the most complete catalog of the composer's works, which included both published and handwritten instrumental, vocal and musical - stage compositions by the Italian master.

Almost simultaneously, the Italian Institute of Antonio Vivaldi initiated the publication of the Composer's Complete Works. But to create such a work today is not yet possible. The finds continue.

In 1978, an international conference dedicated to Vivaldi was held in Venice, at which new finds were announced in Manchester and Dresden. The Italian musicologist Mario Rinaldi, who spoke, reported on two unknown cantatas "Victory in a naval battle" and "Yefta", which are "pasticcio" from the music of Vivaldi himself, Scarlatti and Gasparini.

Second example. In 1973, 465 instrumental concertos by A. Vivaldi were found, of which 49 were concerti grossi, 331 for one tool with basso continue(including 228 for violin, 27 for cello, 6 for viol d'amore, 13 for transverse, 3 for longitudinal flutes, 12 for oboe, 38 for bassoon, 1 for mandolin), 38 for two instruments with basso continue(including 25 for violin, 2 for cello, 3 for violin and cello, 2 for horns, 1 for mandolins), 32 for three or more instruments with basso continue. At the beginning of the 21st century, 734 instrumental concertos have already become known, most of which are still in manuscript.

We offer readers a brief catalog of the works of A. Vivaldi, which will give a general idea of ​​the creatively diverse interests of the great Italian.

operas

"Ottone in the Village", libretto, D. Lally. Vicenza, 1713

"Roland, an imaginary madman", D. Braccoli, Venice, 1714

"Nero Became Caesar" (lost) "pate", Venice, 1715

"Arsilda, Queen of Pontus", D. Lalli, Venice, 1716

"Coronation of Darius", A. Morselli, Venice, 1717

"The Triumph of the Constancy of Love and Hate" (lost), and Marco, Venice. 1716

"Tieteberga" (lost), A. Lucchini, Venice, 1717

“Armida in Egypt” (II act lost), D. Palazzi, Venice, 1718

Artaban, A. Marchi, Venice, 1718

Skanderbeg (lost), A. Salvi, Florence, 1718

"Teusone", A. Zeno, Mantua, 1719

"Titus Manlius", M. Noris, Mantua, 1719

"Truth in creativity", D. Palazzi - D. Lalli, Venice, 1720

"Candache" (lost), F. Silvani, Mantua, 1720

"Revenge for deceit" (lost), D. Palazzi, Venice. 1720

"Sylvia" (lost), P. Bissarri, Milan, 1721

"Philip, King of Macedonia" (lost), D. Lally, Venice, 1721

"Hercules on Thermodon" (lost), D. Bassani, Rome, 1723

"Giustino", N. Beregan - P. Pariati, Rome, 1724

"Tigran, or the Triumph of Virtue", F. Sylvani, Rome, 1724

“Deception triumphant in love” (lost), M. Noris - D. Ruggieri, Venice, 1725

"Griselda", A. Zeno - C. Goldoni, Venice, 1725

"Dorilla", A. Lucchini, Venice, 1726

"Kunegonda" (lost), A. Piovene, Venice, 1726

"Faithful Loyalty" (lost), F. Silvani, Venice, 1726

"Hypermestra" (lost), A. Salvi, Florence, 1727

"Roland (furious)", D. Braccoli, Venice, 1727

Siroe, King of Persia (lost), P. Metastasio, Reggio Emilia, 1727

"Farnace", A. Lucchini, Venice, 1727

Rosilena and Oronta (lost), D. Palazzi, Venice, 1728

"Athenaida", A. Zeno, Florence, 1730

"Agrippo" (lost), D. Lalli, Prague, 1730

“Alvida, the Gothic Queen” (lost), A. Zeno, Prague, 1731

"Fidelity of the nymph", S. Maffei, Verona, 1732

"Doriklea", A. Marki, Prague, 1732

"Semiramide" (lost), F. Sylvani, Mantua, 1732

"Motezuma" (lost), D. Giusti, Venice, 1733

"Aristide" (lost), C. Goldoni, Venice, 1733

"Olympias", P. Metastasio, Venice, 1734

Adelaide (lost), libretto by A. Salvi, Verona, 1735

"Bayazet (Tamerlane)" "pasticcio", Verona, 1735

"Ginevra, Queen of Scots" (lost), A. Salvi, Florence, 1736 "Cato Utica" (act I lost), P. Metastasio, Verona, 1737 "Oracle in Messenia" (lost), A. Zeno, Venice, 1738 "Rosmira" ("pasticcio"), S. Stampiglia, Venice, 1738 "Feraspe" (lost), F. Silvani, Venice, 1739

Choral and vocal music

Sacrum (complete mass)

parts of the mass:

Kyrie (two choirs)

Laudate Dominum omnes gentes

Sanctorum mentis

Te Deum (lost)

Psalms, including

Beatus vir (Psalm 111)

Confitebor tibi Domine (Psalm 110)

Credidi (psalm 115)

Dixit Dominus (Psalm 109)

Domine ad adiuvandum In exitu Israel (Psalm 113)

Laetatus sum (psalm 121)

Lauda Jerusalem (Psalm 147)

Laudate Dominum (Psalm 116)

Laudate pueri (Psalm 112)

Nisi Dominus (Psalm 126)

Hymns, antiphons, motets, including:

Deus tuorum militum

oratorios

Moses, god of the pharaohs (lost), 1715

Triumphant Judith, 1716

The Adoration of the Three Wise Men to the Child Jesus, 1722

Grand Cantata Gloria and Hymen, 1721

Under the shade of a beautiful beech

My eyes are directed towards him.

Cupid, you won

You disappeared, golden days

His innate sternness

Elvira, Elvira, my soul

It was night

So cry, sources of tears

The wave with a groan goes away

My poor heart

In vain the dove coos

Butterfly flutters, not knowing

Parting with you, my dear

I seem to be late

Foliage rustles playfully

They live soulless

If you rise in thoughts

Oh yes, kind rays

The sky turns pink

I understand you, my heart

The breeze rustles through the grass

Hand of milky white

On the hunt, on the hunt!

Dear forests, native meadows

Glimpses of Joy

Ungrateful Lydia, you won

The most insidious heart

I can't stop crying

Sobs and sighs

Who is he, stranger

In the shadow of suspicion

Why sigh

Far from the beloved

Why don't you give up

I aspire to you

Cupid, you won

Yes stop it

Oh, the purple of my cassocks

(dedicated to Di Bagni, Bishop of Mantua)

And a golden rain poured down (dedicated to Prince Philip of Darmstadt)

Serenade

Praise to Hymen A contest of duty

Competition of justice and peace My poor heart Fishing eclogue (Pug)

Adorable Euryllia Celebrating Seine Union of Peace and Mars

Instrumental concertos and sonatas

As previously mentioned, to date, 734 instrumental concertos by A. Vivaldi are known, 73 sonatas have been found. In the performing practice of our country, there are mainly works from fourteen opuses, which were published during the composer's lifetime. We present them in our short catalogue:

op. I 12 trio sonatas (Venice, 1705, Amsterdam, 1712–1713)

op. II 12 sonatas for solo violin and basso continuo (Venice, 1709, Amsterdam, 1712–1713)

op. Ill 12 concertos for violin solo, two and four violins with basso continuo L'Estro Armonico (Amsterdam, 1712), including the concerto NNII - fugue

op. IV 12 concertos for violin and basso continuo L'Stravagenza (Amsterdam, 1712–1713)

op. V 6 sonatas, 4 for violin and basso and 2 for two violins and basso continuo (Amsterdam, 1716)

op. VI 6 concertos for various instruments (Amsterdam, 1716–1717)

op. VII 12 concertos for various instruments with basso continuo (Amsterdam, 1716–1717)

op. VIII 12 concertos "II Cimento dell'Armonia e dell'Invencione" (Amsterdam, 1725), including Nos. 1-4 for solo violin, string quintet, organ and cembalo "Quattro Staggione" ("The Seasons")

No. 5 - "Storm at Sea"

No. 6 - "Pleasure"

No. 7 - dedicated to I. Pisendel, German violinist No. 8 and No. 10 - "Hunting"

op. IX 12 concerts "La Cetra" (Amsterdam, 1728)

op. X 6 concertos for various instruments (Amsterdam, 1729–1730), including:

No. 1 - "Storm at Sea"

No. 2 - "Night"

No. 3 - "The Goldfinch"

op. XI 6 concertos for various instruments (Amsterdam, 1729–1730), including No. 2 "Favorite"

op. XII 6 concertos for various instruments (Amsterdam, 1729–1730)

op. XIII 6 sonatas for various instruments "II pastor fido" (Paris, 1737). The belonging of this opus to the pen of A. Vivaldi is disputed by some researchers

op. XIV 6 sonatas for cello with basso continuo (Paris, 1740)

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Biography:

Antonio Vivaldi (Italian Antonio Lucio Vivaldi; March 4, 1678, Venice - July 28, 1741, Vienna) - Italian composer, violinist, teacher, conductor.

He studied violin with his father, Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, violinist at St. brand; perhaps the compositions are from Giovanni Legrenzi.

In 1703 Vivaldi received the priesthood. In 1703-25 he was a teacher, then an orchestra conductor and head of concerts, and also from 1713 - the head of the orchestra and choir at the della Pieta in Venice, an orphanage, which was famous as one of the best music schools for girls. In 1735 he was again a bandmaster for a short time.

Vivaldi - the largest representative of the Italian violin Art XVIII century, which approved a new dramatized, so-called "Lombard" style of performance. He created the genre of solo instrumental concerto, influenced the development of virtuoso violin technique. Master of the ensemble and orchestral concert - concerto grosso (concerto grosso). Vivaldi established a 3-part cyclic form for the concerto grosso, singled out the virtuoso part of the soloist.

For a long time, Vivaldi was remembered only because J.S. Bach made a number of transcriptions of the works of his predecessor, and only in the 20th century was the publication of a complete collection of Vivaldi's instrumental opuses undertaken. Vivaldi's instrumental concertos were a stage on the way to the formation of a classical symphony. In Siena, the Italian Institute named after Vivaldi was created (headed by F. Malipiero).

Forgotten and abandoned by everyone, Antonio Vivaldi died in Vienna on July 28, 1741 from "internal soaring", as was recorded in the funeral protocol.

Compositions

More than 40 operas, including "Roland - imaginary mad" (Orlando fiato pozzo, 1714, theater "Sant'Angelo", Venice), "Nerone who became Caesar" (Nerone fatto Cesare, 1715, ibid.), "Coronation of Darius "(L'incoronazione di Daria, 1716, ibid.)," Deception triumphant in love" (L'inganno trionfante in amore, 1725, ibid.), "Farnace" (1727, ibid., later also called "Farnace , ruler of Pontus"), Cunegonde (1727, ibid.), Olympias (1734, ibid.), Griselda (1735, San Samuele Theatre, Venice), Aristides (1735, ibid. ), "Oracle in Messenia" (1738, theater "Sant'Angelo", Venice), "Ferasp" (1739, ibid.); oratorios - “Moses, God of the Pharaoh” (Moyses Deus Pharaonis, 1714), “Triumphant Judith” (Juditha Triumphans devicta Holo-fernis barbarie, 1716), “Adoration of the Magi” (L'Adorazione delli tre Re Magi, 1722), etc. ; secular cantatas, serenades, symphonies, Stabat Mater and other church works; more than 400 instrumental concertos, including 76 sonatas (with basso continuo), including 30 for violin, 19 for 2 violins, 10 for cello, 1 for violin and cello, 2 for lute and violin, 2 for oboe; 465 concerti, including 49 concerti grossi, 331 for one instrument with basso continuo (228 for violin, 27 for cello, 6 for viol d'amore, 13 for transverse, 3 for longitudinal flutes, 12 for oboe, 38 for bassoon, 1 for mandolin) 38 for 2 instruments with basso continuo (25 for violin, 2 for cello, 3 for violin and cello, 2 for horns, 1 for mandolins), 32 for 3 or more instruments with basso continuo; "concerti grossi" (49), for one instrument with basso continue (331, including 228 for violin), etc. One of the most famous works - a cycle of 4 violin concertos "The Seasons" - an early example of program symphonic music. Vivaldi's contribution to the development of instrumentation is significant (he was the first to use oboes, horns, bassoons and other instruments as independent, and not duplicating).

Father Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, violinist at St. Mark, taught his son to play the violin since childhood. Presumably, the teacher of composition was Giovanni Legrenzi, as well as Arcangelo Coreli from Rome.

Vivaldi was tonsured a monk on September 18, 1693, and on the same date, but already in 1700, he received the rank of deacon. Vivaldi was elevated to the priesthood on March 23, 1703. In the church of San Giovanni in Oleo, he held his first mass. He was nicknamed the red priest because the shade of his hair was unusual for the Venetians. In 1703, on September 1, he was taken to the Pietta shelter for the position of maestro in the violin class. From Countess Lucrezia Trevisan, he received an order to serve in the church of San Giovanni in Oleo for 90 votive matins. Vivaldi received an award for teaching the game on the viola d'amore in 1704 on August 17. Having health problems, he was forced to refuse the offer of Lucrezia Trevisan and stopped the service at half the votive matins. The year 1706 was remembered for the arrival in print of the "Guide to Venice", designed by the cartographer Coronelli, in whose publication it was said about the virtuoso violinists father and son Vivaldi, as well as the move from the old to newer spacious housing from Bragora Square to the neighboring parish of San Provolo.

He first came to Rome in 1723, and in 1724 for the second time, during which he attended the premiere of the opera Giustino, and also visited Pope Benedict XIII for an audience. Opus VIII "Il Cimento dell'Armonia e dell'Invenzione is published in Amsterdam in 1725. Four of the most famous concerts "The Seasons" were included in this cycle "The Art of Harmony and Invention", which already at that time made an indescribable impression on the listener with its passion and innovation. Jean Jacques Rousseau, who then worked at the French Embassy, he greatly valued Vivaldi's music and even played some of the works from this cycle on his flute himself. its fineness and harmony, which was very characteristic of his works "Gloria", "Magnificat", "Stabat Mater", "Dixit Dominus" - spiritual works belonging to the hand of Vivaldi.

In the period 1703-1725, he was a teacher, and after - the conductor of the orchestra, led concerts, starting in 1713, led the choir and orchestra in "della Pieta" (Venice), an orphanage, which bore the title of the best musical educational institution for girls. Vivaldi in 1735 was again the bandmaster, but this time not for long.

The so-called dramatized "Lombard" style of performance was approved by Vivaldi as the most authoritative representative of the violin art of the 18th century in Italy. He created the genre of instrumental solo concerto, and he had a significant impact on the development of virtuoso violin playing technique. Being a master of the concerto grosso (an ensemble-orchestral concert), Vivaldi determined for him the form in the form of a cycle in 3 parts, while defining a virtuoso part for the soloist.

The glory of the composer, who is able to create an opera in 3 acts in 5 days and make a lot of variations for one theme, received during his lifetime. In Europe, he became famous as a virtuoso violinist. Goldoni, whom Vivaldi simply cherished, after the death of the second in his memoirs, spoke of him as a "mediocre" composer. The memory of Vivaldi was kept for a long time due to a number of transcriptions made by J.S. Bach from the works of his predecessor, and only the 20th century was marked by the release of all instrumental opuses in one collection. The classical symphony was formed, passing through the stage of instrumental concerts by Vivaldi. F.Malipiero in Siena headed the Italian Institute, named after Vivaldi.

Vivaldi finally left Venice in May 1740. Arriving in Vienna at an unfortunate period for himself, the period of the death of Emperor Charles VI and the beginning of the war for the succession of Austria, Vivaldi was out of interest. On July 28, 1741, he died in Vienna, forgotten, poor and sick. The quarterly doctor recorded death from internal inflammation. Vivaldi was buried for a small fee of 19 florins 45 kreuzers in a cemetery for the poor. The sisters Margherita and Zanetta learned of Antonio's death only a month later. On August 26, the bailiff made an inventory of his property in order to pay off debts.

Because he was too carried away by the opera stage, showing haste and illegibility, often succumbed to criticism of his contemporaries, Vivaldi was nicknamed by his friends as Dirus (Furious) after he staged the opera Furious Roland. To date, the entire operatic wealth of the composer, estimated at 90 operas, has not yet been able to become the property of the opera stage of the world, and only in the 1990s was Furious Roland staged in San Francisco.

Vivaldi and his work greatly influenced the musicians of various nations, especially the Germans, and not only the composers - compatriots. Of great interest is the influence of Vivaldi's work on J.S. Bach, who is one of the greatest German composers of the 18th century. In 1802, the first biography of Bach was published, in which its creator, Johann Nikolaus Forkel, focused on the name Vivaldi among all the masters who influenced the young Bach. The study of Vivaldi's work is associated with the strengthening of the theme, characterized by instrumental virtuosity in the period 1717-1723, the so-called Köthen creative period. The influence was monitored not only in the mastery and alteration of some techniques, everything was much more serious. Vivaldi's style was so warmly received by Bach that it became his personal language of music. The closeness of Bach from the inside with the music of Antonio is noticeable in various works, even in the "High" Mass in B minor. It is undeniable that the impact on the German composer of Vivaldi's music was very great. It is worth recalling the words of A. Casella, who spoke of Bach as the greatest admirer, who was almost the only one who at that time managed to appreciate all the genius of Vivaldi.

He created more than 40 operas, including Roland the imaginary madman (1714), Nero who became Caesar (1715), The Coronation of Darius (1716), Deception triumphant in love (1725), Farnace "(1727)," Cunegonde "(1727)," Olympias "(1734), Oracle in Messinia" (1738), "Ferasp" (1739) - theater "Sant'Angelo" in Venice. "Griselda" (1735), "Aristide" (1735) - theater "San Samuele" in Venice. Oratorios - "Moses, God of the Pharaoh" (1714), "Triumphant Judith" (1716), "Adoration of the Magi" (1722), etc.

Creator of 500 concertos, including: 44 for basso continuo and string orchestra, 352 for instrument accompanied by string orchestra or basso continuo (for cello - 26, for violin - 253, for transverse - 13, for bassoon - 38, for oboe - 12, for longitudinal flutes - 3, for mandolin - 1, for viol d'amore - 6), 49 concerti grossi, 32 for 3 or more instruments accompanied by string orchestra or basso continuo, 38 for 2 instruments accompanied by string orchestra or basso continuo (for violin - 25, for cello - 2, for horns - 2, for violin and cello - 3, for mandolins - 1).

4 violin concertos "Seasons" - this is one of his most famous creations, which is an example of symphonic music. Vivaldi was one of the first to use horns, oboes, bassoons and other instruments in the role of independent, and not duplicating, so his contribution to the development of instrumentation is more than significant.