September 9 marks 188 years since the birth of a native of the Tula region, a great writer, educator and religious thinker, author of War and Peace, Anna Karenina and Resurrection.

September 9, 1828 in Yasnaya Polyana was born Leo Tolstoy, one of the the greatest writers world, a participant in the defense of Sevastopol, the creator of the religious movement - Tolstoyism, an educator and teacher. Based on his works, films are made and plays are staged all over the world.

On the occasion of the 188th anniversary of the great writer, TULA.AIF.RU picked up 10 vivid sayings of Leo Tolstoy from different years - original advice that is still relevant to this day.

1. "Each person is a diamond that can purify and not purify himself, to the extent that he is purified, eternal light shines through him, therefore, the business of a person is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself."

2. “It is true that where there is gold, there is also much sand; but this cannot in any way be a reason to say a lot of nonsense in order to say something smart.

"What is art?"

3. “The work of life, the purpose of her joy. Rejoice in heaven, in the sun. On stars, on grass, on trees, on animals, on people. This joy is being destroyed. You made a mistake somewhere - look for this mistake and correct it. This joy is most often violated by self-interest, ambition ... Be like children - always rejoice.

Museum-Estate Yasnaya Polyana Photo: www.globallookpress.com

4. “For me, the madness, the criminality of the war, especially recently, when I have been writing and therefore thinking a lot about the war, is so clear that apart from this madness and criminality I can see nothing in it.”

5. “People are like rivers: the water is the same in all and the same everywhere, but each river is sometimes narrow, sometimes fast, sometimes wide, sometimes quiet. So are people. Each person carries in himself the rudiments of all human properties and sometimes manifests one, sometimes another, and is often completely unlike himself, remaining one and himself.

"Resurrection". 1889-1899

6. “...upbringing seems to be a complex and difficult matter only as long as we want, without educating ourselves, to educate our children or anyone else. If we understand that we can educate others only through ourselves, by educating ourselves, then the question of education is abolished and one question of life remains: how should one live oneself? I don't know of a single act of raising children that doesn't include educating yourself."

7. “A scientist is one who knows a lot from books; educated - one who has mastered all the most common knowledge and techniques of his time; the enlightened one who understands the meaning of his life.

"Reading Circle"

8. “In order to live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, abandoned, and forever struggled and deprived. And the calm mental meanness».

Letter to A.A. Tolstoy. October 1857

Frame from the film Anna Karenina, Mosfilm studio, 1967 Photo: www.globallookpress.com

9. “Happy periods of my life were only those when I devoted my whole life to serving people. These were: schools, mediation, starvation and religious assistance.”

10. "My whole idea is that if vicious people are interconnected and constitute a force, then honest people need to do only the same thing."

"War and Peace". Epilogue. 1863-1868

These words belong to the pen of a brilliant Russian writer, whom the faithful, who incite hatred and propagate ignorance, are again trying to persecute. For them, Tolstoy is more terrible than the devil, because the devil can frighten ignorant fools, and the writer taught to think and fought religious obscurantism!

A. I. Dvoryansky

Alexander Ivanovich,

Having received your letter, I immediately decided to try my best to answer the question of the first, very first importance that you pose to me and which occupies me without ceasing, but various reasons have so far delayed, and only now can I fulfill your and my desire.

Since that time - 20 years ago - when I clearly saw how humanity should and can live happily and how senselessly it, torturing itself, destroys generation after generation, I pushed further and further the root cause of this madness and this death: at first, a false economic order was provided by this cause, then state violence supporting this device; but now I have come to the conclusion that the main cause of everything is a false religious teaching transmitted by education.

We are so accustomed to this religious lie that surrounds us that we do not notice all the horror, stupidity and cruelty with which the teachings of the church are filled; we do not notice, but the children notice, and their souls are irreparably mutilated by this teaching.

After all, one has only to clearly understand what we are doing, teaching children the so-called law of God, in order to be horrified at the terrible crime committed by such teaching. A pure, innocent, not yet deceived and not yet deceived child comes to you, to a person who has lived and possesses or can possess all the knowledge available to humanity in our time, and asks about the foundations by which a person should be guided in this life. And what do we answer him?
Often we do not even answer, but preface his questions so that he already has a suggested answer ready when his question arises. We answer these questions with a crude, incoherent, often simply stupid and, most importantly, cruel Jewish legend, which we pass on to him either in the original, or, even worse, in our own words. We tell him, suggesting to him that this is a holy truth, something that, we know, could not be and that has no meaning for us, that 6000 years ago some strange, wild creature, which we call God, took it into his head created the world, created it and man, and that man sinned, the evil god punished him and all of us for this, then redeemed his son from himself by the death, and that our main business is to propitiate this god and get rid of those sufferings to which he condemned us.
It seems to us that this is nothing and even useful to the child, and we listen with pleasure to how he repeats all these horrors, not realizing that terrible upheaval, imperceptible to us, because he is spiritual, which at the same time takes place in the soul of the child. We think that the soul of a child is a blank slate on which you can write whatever you want. But this is not true, the child has a vague idea that there is that beginning of everything, that reason for its existence, that power in the power of which he is, and he has that highest, indefinite and inexpressible in words, but conscious of the whole being idea of this beginning, which is characteristic of intelligent people. And suddenly, instead of this, he is told that this beginning is nothing but some kind of personal self-willed and terribly evil creature - the Jewish god. The child has a vague and true idea of ​​the purpose of this life, which he sees in the happiness achieved by the loving intercourse of people. Instead, he is told that common goal life is a whim of a foolish god and that the personal goal of each person is to rid himself of the eternal punishments deserved by someone, the torments that this god imposed on all people. Every child also has an awareness that the duties of a person are very complex and lie in the realm of morality. Instead, he is told that his duties lie mainly in blind faith, in prayers - pronouncing famous words V known time, in swallowing okroshka from wine and bread, which should represent the blood and body of God. Not to mention the icons, miracles, immoral stories of the Bible, transmitted as models of actions, as well as the gospel miracles and all the immoral meaning that is attached to the gospel story. After all, it’s the same as if someone compiled a whole doctrine from the cycle of Russian epics with Dobrynya, Duke, and others, with the addition of Yeruslan Lazarevich, and taught it to children as a reasonable history. It seems to us that this is unimportant, but meanwhile the teaching of the so-called law of God to children, which is committed among us, is the most terrible crime that can only be imagined. Torture, murder, rape of children is nothing compared to this crime.

The government, the ruling, ruling classes need this deception, their power is inextricably linked with it, and therefore ruling classes they always advocate that this deception be carried out on children and supported by intensified hypnotization of adults; people who do not want to maintain a false social order, but, on the contrary, change it, and, most importantly, who want the good of those children with whom they enter into communication, you need to try with all your might to save children from this terrible deception. And therefore, the complete indifference of children to religious questions and the denial of all religious forms without any replacement by any positive religious teaching is still incomparably better than Jewish-Church education, even if in the most improved forms. It seems to me that for any person who has understood the full significance of transmitting a false doctrine for sacred truth, there can be no question of what to do, even if he does not have any positive religious convictions that he could pass on to a child. If I know that a deception is a deception, then under no circumstances can I tell a child who naively, trustingly asks me that the deception known to me is a sacred truth. It would be better if I could answer truthfully all those questions to which the Church answers so falsely, but even if I cannot do this, I still must not pass off a deliberate lie for the truth, knowing without a doubt that from the fact that I will hold on to the truth, nothing but good can happen. Yes, besides, it is unfair that a person should not have something to say to a child, as a positive religious truth, which he professes. Every sincere person knows the good for which he lives. Let him say it to the child, or let him show it to him, and he will do good and probably not harm the child.

I wrote a book called "Christian Doctrine"2 in which I wanted to say, as simply and clearly as possible, what I believe. This book came out inaccessible to children, although I had children in mind when I wrote it.

If I were now to convey to a child the essence of religious teaching, which I consider to be true, I would tell him that we came into this world and live in it not of our own free will, but by the will of what we call God, and that therefore, we will be well only when we fulfill this will. The will is that we all be happy. In order for us all to be happy, there is only one means: it is necessary that everyone should treat others as he would like to be treated. To the question about how the world came into being, what awaits us after death, I would answer the first one by admitting my ignorance and the incorrectness of such a question (this question does not exist in the entire Buddhist world); to the second, I would answer with the assumption that the will of the one who called us into this life for our good leads us somewhere through death, probably for the same purpose.

I will be very glad if the thoughts expressed by me are useful to you.

Lev Tolstoy.

And here is what contemporaries said about the obscurantist and the "Kronstadt" Black Hundreds:

The Life Surgeon N. A. Velyaminov described him in an interesting way:

Livadia also gave me enough material to observe this undeniably outstanding priest. I think that he was a believer in his own way, but above all a great actor in his life, who surprisingly knew how to lead the crowd and individual weaker persons into religious ecstasy and use the situation and the prevailing conditions for this.
Interestingly, Father John had the greatest influence on women and the uncultured crowd; through women he usually acted; he sought to influence people at the first moment of meeting with them, mainly with his gaze piercing the whole person - those who were embarrassed by this look, he completely fell under his influence, those who withstood this look calmly and dryly, Father John did not love and they no longer was not interested. He acted on the crowd and on the sick with a hysterical tone in his prayers.
I saw Father John in Livadia among the courtiers and at the deathbed of the sovereign - he was a man who made almost no impression on me personally, but undoubtedly had a strong influence on weak natures and seriously ill people. Then, a few years later, I saw him at a consultation as a sick man in Kronstadt, and he was the most ordinary, decrepit old man, who strongly wanted to live, get rid of his illness, and did not at all strive to make any impression on those around him. That's why I took the liberty of saying that he was first of all a great actor ... You can read more about the pseudo-holy priest in the article Kronstadt pug. Vanka the Black Hundreds who barked at Leo Tolstoy

Class hour progress

Teacher: What is success?

IN explanatory dictionary Russian language Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov recorded the following values the words "success"

1) good luck in achieving something;

2) public recognition;

3) good results in work, study.

Guys, do you know the name Lewis Carroll? Yes of course it's famous English writer, and also a mathematician, logician, philosopher and photographer. And perhaps his most popular work- this is ... ("Alice in Wonderland"). Listen to what conversation took place one day between main character and the Cat, and answer the question: what did Alice not have?

“Will you tell me which way I should go from here?

It depends a lot on where you want to go, said the Cat.

I, in general, do not care ... - said Alice.

Then it doesn't matter which way to go, - said the Cat.

Oh, there you will surely come, - said the Cat, - if you only walk long enough.

What didn't Alice have?

(Children's answers.)

Yes, you are right, Alice had no purpose. But you and I don't care where we're going, right? It is very important to set the right goal. If a bright target beacon burns in front of a person, then exact coordinates appear on the map of life, where to follow him. And most importantly - do not go astray.

Imagine yourself as a captain who steers his ship across the ocean of life, goes around dangerous rocks, steadfastly bears the blow of hurricane winds, calmly endures the calm.

If your ship hits underwater rocks and you get hit, what should the captain do? Do not count the holes, do not look at what has died, but ask yourself: “Do I see my lighthouse, my dream, my goal? Where should I sail?"

A famous philosopher said: “When a person does not know which pier he is on his way to, not a single wind will be favorable for him.”

It often seems to us that there are insurmountable obstacles on the way to our success in life, that the path to success is difficult and thorny. Let's try to draw an "obstacle course" (drawing on the board: little man - barrier - success). What arises on a person's path to success, prevents him from moving easily and freely, makes him return to the starting point again and again?

And now I want to tell you a legend.

“One wise man in his declining years decided to find a replacement for himself - a student, in order to pass on his experience to him. The sage thought, called all his disciples to him and said: “I am interested to know if any of you can open a huge, heavy door in that wall over there?” Some students immediately gave up, considering the problem unsolvable. Other students nevertheless decided to study the door, they carefully examined it, talked about what improvised means can be used here, and in the end they came to the conclusion that this problem could not be solved. And only one single student came to the door and with special attention studied her. In fact, the door was slightly closed, while everyone else thought it was tightly locked. The student pushed the door lightly and it opened easily. The elder found his successor. He turned to the rest of the students and told them…”

Guys, what do you think the sage said exactly?

(Children's answers.)

Here are the old man's words:

“What accompanies success in life, my dear students?

First, life itself.

Second, don't rush.

Third, be prepared to make decisions.

Fourth, do not dare to retreat, since the decision has already been made.

Fifth, spare no effort and energy.

And just don't be afraid to make mistakes in this life.

Which of these tips would you take as a rule? Why? What advice do you find the most difficult? Why?

(Children's answers.)

And what qualities, traits of character are necessary for a successful person?

(Children's answers.)

And confidence, a positive attitude and innovative thinking are always important.

One day I was watching a program called The Guinness World Records Show and saw a Chinese genius who brought a completely crazy idea to life. From childhood he loved to blow bubble. And as an adult, he did not give up this occupation, but brought it to perfection. Today he blows balloons just magical - different colors and sizes. He can put a person in his ball. The spectacle is incredible! That is, this person brought his hobby to a professional level, began to participate in various shows, teach others this art, founded the science of blowing balloons, and also set up the production of balloon blowing machines! This is how a person became successful. Made a business out of a soap ball! And all because I thought outside the box.

I think you can also give similar examples from life.

(Children give examples.)

Who, in your opinion, is a successful person?

(Children's answers.)

Agree, every person should have wings of success that carry him through life and help him overcome obstacles. What are these wings made of? In my hands are treasures - scatterings of other people's thoughts, thoughts about gaining inner strength that can lead a person to success in life. Read the statements various people about happiness, luck, success and choose from them 2-3 nouns, 2-3 adjectives, 2-3 verbs - words that touched you in some way - and build your aphorism from these words. Write it on the wings of a butterfly - the wings of success. (The teacher distributes paper butterflies.)

It's time to stop waiting for unexpected gifts from life, and make life yourself. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Look inside yourself more often. (Cicero)

Nothing can replace perseverance: neither talent - there is nothing more common than talented failures, nor genius - the genius-loser has already become a proverb, nor education - the world is full of educated outcasts. Omnipotent only perseverance and perseverance. The motto "push up/don't give up" has solved and will always solve the problems of mankind. (Calvin Coolidge)

People who decide to act are usually lucky; on the contrary, they seldom occur in people who are only concerned with weighing and procrastinating. (Herodotus)

Many years ago I bought a wonderful dictionary. The first thing I did was find the page with the word "impossible" and carefully cut it out of the book. (Napoleon Hill, bestselling author of Think and Grow Rich)

Nothing is impossible for people. (Horace)

Set yourself achievable goals. (Horace)

He who achieves much, lacks much. (Horace)

In order to live honestly, one must tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again and quit again, for peace is a meanness of the soul. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Those who do not give themselves entirely to the cause will not have brilliant success. (Xun Tzu)

Have a purpose in life, a purpose for famous era your life, the goal for a certain time, the goal for the year, for the month, for the week, for the day and for the hour and for the minute ... (L.N. Tolstoy)

For success in life, the ability to deal with people is much more important than having talent. (D.Lebbock)

Success is a path, not a goal. (Ben Sweetland)

At the end of our conversation, I want to give each of you a letter from the past, it can be useful to you both now and in the future. This is a letter from Leo Tolstoy "Believe yourself." (Each student is given an envelope.) Read the letter at home and ask yourself again the question “How to become successful?”. (The text of the letter is attached.)

And I believe that you are smart and happy people, the real captains of their destiny! Favorable wind and seven feet under the keel!

Vera BUSHKOVA, teacher in English, participant of the All-Russian final of the competition "Teacher of the Year of Russia-2009", Irina CHERNYKH, class teacher of Lyceum No. 9 of the city of Slobodskoy, Kirov Region

Application

Lev Tolstoy

Believe yourself

Appeal to youth

Believe yourself, young men and women emerging from childhood, when for the first time questions arise in our souls: who am I, why do I live and why do all the people around me live? And the main, most exciting question Is this how everyone around me lives? Believe in yourself even when the answers that will be presented to you to these questions will not agree with those that were instilled in us in childhood, will not agree with the life in which you find yourself living together with all the people around you . Don't be afraid of this disagreement; on the contrary, know that in this disagreement between you and everything around you, the best that is in us is expressed - that divine principle, the manifestation of which in life is not only the main, but the only meaning of our existence. Then believe not yourself, a famous person, - Vanya, Petya, Lisa, Masha, son; the daughter of a king, minister or worker, merchant or peasant, but to herself, to that eternal, reasonable and good principle that lives in each of us and which for the first time awakened in you and asked you these most important questions in the world and seeks and demands their resolution . Then do not believe people who will tell you with a condescending smile that they once looked for answers to these questions, but did not find them, because it is impossible to find any other than those that are accepted by everyone ...

I remember how, when I was 15 years old, I experienced this time, when suddenly I woke up from the childish obedience to other people's views, in which I had lived until then, and for the first time I realized that I had to live on my own, choose the path myself, answer myself for my life before the beginning that gave it to me...

I did not believe myself then, and only after many decades spent on achieving worldly goals, which I either did not achieve or which I achieved and saw their futility, futility, and often their harm, I realized that the very thing that I knew 60 years ago and did not believe then, and can and should be the only reasonable goal of the efforts of any person.

Yes, dear young men, ... do not believe people who will tell you that aspirations are only unfulfillable dreams of youth, that they also dreamed and aspired, but that life soon showed them that it has its own requirements and that one should not fantasize about what our life could be like, but to try in the best possible way to coordinate our actions with the life of the existing society and try only to be a useful member of this society.

Do not believe in that dangerous temptation, which has especially intensified in our time, that the highest purpose of man is to contribute to the reorganization of society that exists in a certain place and at a certain time ... Do not believe this. Do not believe that the realization of good and truth is impossible in your soul...

Yes, believe yourself, when it is not the desire to surpass people, to distinguish yourself from others, to be powerful, famous, glorified, to be the savior of people, to deliver them from the harmful arrangement of life for yourself, when the main desire of your soul will be to be yourself better...

Russian literature of the 2nd half of the 19th century

“In order to live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, made mistakes ... and calmness is spiritual meanness” (L. N. Tolstoy). (According to the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”)

“War and Peace” is one of the rarest examples of the epic novel genre in world literature. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy is one of the most widely read Russian authors abroad. The work had an explosive effect on world culture. "War and Peace" - a reflection of Russian life early XIX century, life high society, advanced

nobility. In the future, the sons of these people will come out on Senate Square uphold the ideals of freedom, will go down in history under the name of the Decembrists. The novel was conceived precisely as a disclosure of the motives of the Decembrist movement. Let's figure out what could serve as the beginning of such a great search.
L. N. Tolstoy, as one of the greatest Russian thinkers and philosophers, could not ignore the problem of the human soul and the meaning of existence. In his characters, the views of the writer on what a person should be are clearly visible. Tolstoy has his own view of how a person should be. The main quality that characterizes the greatness of the soul for him is simplicity. Noble simplicity, not pretentiousness, lack of artificiality, embellishment. Everything should be simple, clear, open and this is great. He likes to create conflicts between small and great, sincere and far-fetched, illusory and real. On the one hand, simplicity and nobility, on the other - pettiness, weakness, unworthy behavior.
Tolstoy does not accidentally create critical, extreme situations for his heroes. It is in them that the true essence of man is manifested. It is important for the author to show that what causes intrigues, strife and squabbles, is unworthy of the spiritual greatness of a person. And it is in the awareness of his own spiritual beginning that Tolstoy sees the meaning of the existence of his heroes. So, the impeccable Prince Andrei only on his deathbed realizes that he really loves Natasha, although life throughout the novel gave him lessons, but he was too proud to learn them. Therefore, he dies. There was an episode in his life when, almost by a hair's breadth, he was able to renounce even the proximity of death, seeing the purity and calmness of the sky over Austerlitz. At that moment, he could understand that everything around is vain and, in fact, insignificant. Only the sky is calm, only the sky is eternal. Tolstoy does not then introduce war into the plot in order to get rid of unnecessary characters or to follow historical themes. For him, war is, first of all, a force that cleanses the world mired in lies and squabbles.
Secular society does not give peace of mind or happiness the best heroes Tolstoy. They do not find a place for themselves among pettiness and malice. Both Pierre and Prince Andrei are trying to find their way in life, because both understand the greatness of their destiny, but they cannot determine what it is or how to realize it.
The path of Pierre is the path of the search for truth. He passes the temptation of copper pipes - he owns almost the most extensive ancestral lands, he has huge capital, marriage to a brilliant secular lioness. Then he enters the Masonic order, but he cannot find the truth there either. Tolstoy sneers at the mysticism of "free masons" as a person who sees meaning not in paraphernalia, but in essence. Pierre is waiting for captivity, a critical and humiliating situation in which he finally realizes the true greatness of his soul, where he can come to the truth: “How? Can they capture me? My immortal soul?!” That is, all the suffering of Pierre, his inability to social life, bad marriage, the ability to love that did not show itself was nothing more than from ignorance of one's inner greatness, one's true essence. After this turning point in his destiny, everything will work out, he will find peace of mind as the long-awaited goal of his search.
The path of Prince Andrei is the path of a warrior. He goes to the front, the wounded returns to the light, tries to start a quiet life, but again ends up on the battlefield. The pain he has experienced teaches him to forgive, and he accepts the truth through suffering. But, being still too proud, he cannot, having known, stay alive. Tolstoy deliberately kills Prince Andrei and leaves Pierre to live, full of humility and unconscious spiritual search.
A worthy life for Tolstoy consists in a constant search, in striving for truth, for light, for understanding. It is no coincidence that he gives his best heroes such names - Peter and Andrei. The first disciples of Christ, whose mission was to follow the truth, for he was the way, and the truth, and the life. The heroes of Tolstoy do not see the truth, and only its search makes them life path. Tolstoy does not recognize comfort, and the point is not that a person is not worthy of it, the point is that a spiritual person will always strive for the truth, and this state cannot be comfortable in itself, but only it is worthy of human essence, and only so he is able to fulfill his purpose.

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An excellent source for the spiritual improvement of a person is the Russian classics of the second half of the 19th century, which is represented by writers of that era. Turgenev, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov, Tolstoy - this is only a small part of that outstanding galaxy ... The female theme occupies an important place in L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" (1863-1869). This is the writer's answer to supporters of women's emancipation. At one of the poles of artistic research are numerous types of...
24. In the novel "War and Peace" L, N, Tolstoy appears before the reader not only as a brilliant writer, but also as a philosopher and historian. The writer creates his own philosophy of history. The writer's point of view...

“In order to live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, made mistakes ... and calmness is spiritual meanness” (L. N. Tolstoy). (According to the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”)

Witness what historical events was the writer? (A.S. Pushkin, 1837; M.Yu. Lermontov, 1841; N.V. Gogol, 1852; N.G. Chernyshevsky, 1854 employee of Sovremennik; Crimean War,; death of Nicholas I, 1855; “Peasant reform ", 1861; attempt on the life of Alexander II; Paris Commune; the emergence of the society "Land and Freedom", 1876; Russian-Turkish war, death of Alexander II, 1881; attempted assassination Alexander III, 1887: Russo-Japanese War, ; Bloody Sunday, 1905 Which of the prominent people did Tolstoy communicate with? (N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, A.N. Ostrovsky, A.P. Chekhov, F.M. Tyutchev, T.G. Shevchenko and others)

Tolstoy's Rules and Program What is assigned to be fulfilled by all means, then do it, no matter what What you do, do it well Never cope in a book if you forgot something, but try to remember it yourself Make your mind constantly act with all its possible strength Read and think always loud Don't be ashamed to tell people who bother you that they're bothering you

The moral-philosophical doctrine, as it developed, was expounded by Tolstoy in works of a philosophical and journalistic nature (“Confession”, “On Life”, “So what should we do?”, “The Kingdom of God is within you”, “What is my faith?” , “What is religion and what is its essence?”, “Religion and morality”, “The law of violence and the law of love”, etc.), in pedagogical essays (“On education”, “On science”, “Conversations with children on moral issues"), in books of aphorisms ("Circle of reading", "Way of life", "Thoughts of wise people"), etc.

Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by her. Love is God… LN Tolstoy Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by her. Love is God… L.N. Tolstoy