After the implantation of the embryo into the uterus, genetically embedded processes of the development of the unborn child begin to occur. The cells of the embryo continue to divide intensively, the synthesis of various enzymes and the production of pregnancy hormones (hCG, progesterone, etc.) are activated. Over time, cells will begin to differentiate and differ in function and structure. There is a gradual formation of tissues and organs. Prior to transfer, the embryo can be cultured for 3-5 days. The number of days of cultivation is determined individually and depends on many factors. Below are more detailed description development of a 3-day embryo after replanting:
The embryos are placed into the uterus using a small tube. The procedure is similar to a smear and does not require anesthesia and is usually painless. Embryos are placed in a small amount of fluid in a catheter that is passed through the cervix during a simple speculum examination. The embryos are positioned so that they reach the top of the uterus. The number of embedded embryos depends on the individual characteristics of the couple, and this decision is made jointly by the couple, the doctor and the embryologist. Embryo transfer may cause mild convulsions.
Although it is unlikely that in embryo transfer, the embryo cannot be placed in the right place through the cervix or fall into the fallopian tubes. There is a very low risk of bleeding or infection as a result of transmission. After the transfer, the woman can dress and rest for a short recovery period. 12 or 14 days after the transfer, a pregnancy test is performed to see if there is uterine bleeding. Transferring multiple embryos increases the chances of success. At the same time, the transfer of multiple embryos increases the risk of multiple pregnancies.
- 1 day after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: blastocyst. A cavity begins to appear inside the embryo. Blastomeres are divided into two groups, each of which will perform its function.
- Day 2 after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: blastocyst. The hatching process begins: the embryo is released from the protein shell. Now he will be able to implant in the lining of the uterus.
- Day 3 after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: blastocyst. The hatching process ends. In the embryo, changes occur that contribute to its implantation. The first contact with the endometrium occurs and the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus.
- 4 days after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: blastocyst. The embryo sinks into the wall of the uterus, after which it is surrounded by endometrial cells.
- Day 5 after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: gastrula. On the 5th day after embryo transfer, trophoblast villi begin to form from the outer layer of the unicellular epithelium. With the help of villi, the embryo grows into the wall of the uterus and begins to receive oxygen, essential nutrients and remove metabolic products. The number of lysosomes, which contain enzymes, begins to increase.
- 6 days after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: gastrula. Enzymes help the embryo to penetrate deeper into the uterus.
- 7 days after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: gastrula. The implantation process is completed. The placenta begins to form.
- 8 days after embryo transfer. Stage of embryonic development: gastrula. The process of production of chorionic gonadotropin is activated.
Chorionic gonadotropin continues to be secreted throughout pregnancy. The level of its concentration reaches its peak by the 11-12th week of pregnancy and then gradually decreases.
Every multiple pregnancy has an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and a higher financial and emotional cost. High blood pressure and diabetes due to pregnancy are more common in pregnant women with more than one embryo. Longer hospital stays may be required for these pregnant women, as well as children and mothers after birth. An ectopic pregnancy is possible, as well as a combination of normal and ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is a condition that may require laparoscopy or more significant surgery.
On what day after the embryo transfer do a pregnancy test
A pregnancy test is usually performed on the 14th day after the embryo transfer. A pregnancy test is performed using a blood serum test for the level of human chorionic gonadotropin. You don't need to test before. In two weeks, enough human chorionic gonadotropin will be concentrated in the body to get reliable results.
In this case, curettage may be required. Others: Any assisted reproductive process can be psychologically stressful. There can be a lot of tension and frustration. We encourage you to discuss temporary assistance with a psychiatrist, psychologist, counselor, or social worker who can help you through this difficult time. Couples will need to coordinate their commitment to undertake all necessary research and treatments related to IVF and embryo transfer.
The woman is responsible for showing up at the doctor's office for scheduled ultrasounds and blood tests a few days or weeks before the expected egg collection. The person is responsible for the fact that he appeared at the time when the doctor prescribed the collection of sperm. Indeed, there are complex and largely unknown factors that limit success in assisted reproduction techniques. Some of the known failure reasons may include. In the event of a couple's death prior to embryo transfer, the embryos will be destroyed unless otherwise specified in writing.
Can I use a "home" pregnancy test (test strip) after embryo transfer? Naturally, you can. The test strip reacts to the presence of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine, or rather, to its β-subunit. The test strip will show the presence or absence of pregnancy, but will not give a quantitative hCG result. The attending physician needs to know with what activity the production of hCG occurs in order to determine further tactics for supporting pregnancy.
However, there is always a risk of an abnormal pregnancy, miscarriage, hollow egg, ectopic pregnancy, or premature birth. Congenital malformations, genetic abnormalities, mental deficiencies, and other defects that occur in 3% of normal pregnancies can also occur in pregnancies when care is provided.
A study of a large group of children born with an assisted concept shows that the percentage of anomalies is almost the same as in normal conceived children. Women with multiple pregnancies have a much greater risk of complications, which can include toxemia, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, stillbirth, congenital malformations, and other complications. The success rate of these alternatives varies depending on the type and severity of the cause of infertility. For some couples, this can even be imagined without medical attention.
So, with an hCG level of about 100-150 mU / ml, we can talk about the normal course of pregnancy. With a result of 25 mU / ml or less, implantation did not occur, i.e. pregnancy did not occur. With a result of 50 to 70 mU / ml, the patient should continue to be monitored in dynamics and maintenance therapy with progesterone should be adjusted. A result of 200-300 mU / ml may indicate the presence of a multiple pregnancy.
Before starting IVF treatment, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor about alternative methods. Sometimes, despite the transmission is very good quality embryos, the optimal level of hormones and the corresponding mucosa, pregnancy is not achieved. Repeated implant failures are a major problem in reproductive technology assistance.
Exception human factor, the causes of these failures can be both embryonic and maternal. Implantation processes can prevent abnormalities of the uterus, fibroids and polyps. In addition, clotting disorders or immunological conflict can also lead to termination of pregnancy in the very early stages, which is often difficult to distinguish from failed implantation. Repeated implantation failures can also be caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the embryos. Numerous studies have shown that a significant proportion, about 70% of embryos obtained after the use of assisted reproductive methods, have genetic defects, with increasing female age, the number of embryos with aneuploidy increases significantly.
To further monitor the development of the fetus, clarify its localization, as well as the number of fetuses of the pregnant woman, ultrasound is prescribed approximately 20 days after embryo transfer.
The appointment of the exact dates for the study and the interpretation of the results is carried out by the attending physician. He also determines the further tactics of the pregnant woman and prescribes, if necessary, drug therapy.
In addition, some of these patients have abnormal expression of a group of genes that are responsible for the production of specific binding molecules involved in embryonic implantation processes. Choosing the right approach in such cases is of paramount importance for issuing ART. One of the widely used methods in patients with implant recurrence is the following.
Growing embryos to the blastocyst stage. Recommended for patients who have had previous failed procedures after a good embryo transfer on day 2 or 3 and at least 5 embryos. This method allows better selection of embryos with high developmental potential.
Discharge after embryo transfer
After the IVF procedure, a woman may be disturbed by some discharge after embryo transfer. There are several types of allowable discharge after embryo transfer:
- mucous physiological discharge from the genital tract;
- discharge due to medication;
- implant secretions.
Normally, in the genital tract of every woman there is a constant production of mucus, which prevents the vagina from drying out and maintains a balance of microflora. Physiological secretions are usually transparent, homogeneous, odorless, not abundant. After IVF, the properties of mucus may change due to powerful hormonal support: it becomes thicker and acquires a whitish tint.
Embryo transfer under AR is usually done before the embryo has naturally hatched from its surrounding shell. For this reason, it is not clear whether the last event actually occurred, and whether the "non-return" is the reason for the failure of the procedure. To increase the chance of pregnancy in case of repeated implantation failures, the embryonic hatch has been successfully used. In general, this is the formation of a hole or thinning of the shell of the embryo using different methods.
Mechanically "hatched" - done with a special glass pipette through micromanipulation.
- Laser "hatching" - with a laser.
- "Hatching" helps chemically - using a special acid.
Discharges after embryo transfer due to medications are odorless, cream or pink-beige in color, heterogeneous in consistency. Their nature is explained by the excretion of hormonal preparations from their body, which are usually prescribed in the form of vaginal gels.
Implantation discharge after embryo transfer may appear on days 6-12. They occur in 30% of women. These secretions are associated with damage to small uterine arteries during implantation of the embryo into its wall. They are usually pale pink or brownish-beige, have a “smearing” consistency, not abundant (the volume of secretions is usually a few drops), and last from several hours to a day. During the period of implantation discharge, the stomach may ache a little after embryo transfer.
Intrauterine administration of peripheral immune cells. The procedure includes taking blood on the day of the puncture and isolating blood cells - monocytes. They are cultivated in a culture medium for 48 hours, adding a stimulating factor - a hormone. Cells, in turn, begin to secrete specific substances - cytokines and chemokines, which increase the "susceptibility" of the endometrium to the embryo. Two days after the puncture, the blood is taken up again and the same cells are isolated, mixing with the cultured ones.
The processed sample is carefully placed using a catheter in the uterus prior to embryo transfer. Although not a common procedure, it has shown promising results and is recommended for patients under 40 years of age with intermittent good quality embryo transfers and reserved ovarian reserve. The procedure would not have helped if the embryos had stopped or the embryos in the previous experiment.
Alarming include discharge with a sharp unpleasant odor and abundant bloody issues. When they appear, you should immediately contact your doctor.
You can seek advice from highly qualified specialists specializing in IVF in the city of Smolensk at the clinic IVF Center.
Lavage of the uterine cavity with seminal plasma. Seminal plasma contains a large number of biologically active mediators, which are known to play important role in embryo implantation. The procedure includes the separation of the ejaculate and the specific treatment of the seeds a few days before the follicular puncture, after which the resulting seminal plasma is stored at low temperatures. On the day of puncture, the treated seminal plasma is placed in the uterus. This method is not recommended for patients with poor quality embryos.
Co-cultivation with endometrial cells. During the processes of natural fertilization, the mucosa of the embryos and the uterus is constantly communicating through various substances that play an important role in the processes of transformation of the lining and subsequent implantation. However, when using reproductive technologies, this contact is lost. To increase the likelihood of pregnancy in case of repeated implantation failures, the method of culturing embryos on the cells of the mucous membrane of the cervix is used.
Pulling belly after embryo transfer
After the embryo transfer, the work in the woman's body begins to be completely rearranged to support the development of the unborn child. Therefore, pregnancy may be accompanied by a number of symptoms: after the embryo transfer, the stomach pulls, nausea, drowsiness appear, excessive sweating. If, after embryo transfer, the stomach pulls on the 6-12th day of replanting, this may indicate implantation. Although most women do not feel this process.
Cells are biopsied at a time when the uterus is most receptive to embryos. They are grown in an incubator until they are in sufficient numbers and then frozen. The method is recommended for patients who had embryos with a slow development rate in a previous study. Recent studies have shown that mild irritation of the endometrium by a catheter can increase the chance of getting pregnant. This stimulation is created using a small catheter and is performed during the second part of the menstrual cycle before the actual stimulation begins.
Also, pulling the stomach after embryo transfer can be due to problems with the gastrointestinal tract: constipation, bloating, diarrhea, colic. These troubles often accompany a pregnant woman. To correct the situation, you should reconsider your diet: enrich the diet with fiber-containing foods, exclude foods that cause fermentation in the intestines (yeast, White cabbage etc.).
This method aims to increase the receptivity of the endometrium to embryo transfer in the next cycle. The state of pregnancy leads to the inclusion of complex immunological mechanisms that are aimed at preventing the rejection of embryos from the mother's body. Any slight disturbance in the balance of immune factors responsible for successful implantation may be the cause of an unfulfilled pregnancy. Various approaches are being used to address the problem of repeated implantation failures with immunological etiology.
Systemic immunomodulation - infusions that directly affect the immune system - intravenous infusion of gamma globulin; intralipid infusion and others. Local immune modulation - lavage with granulocyte colony stimulating factor, corticosteroids, peripheral blood monocytes and others. Having received his nursing degree from the Medical University in Sofia, Desislav Petrov after a bachelor of biology from St. Sofia University From the very beginning of his career, he led the provision of assistance in reproduction.
If, after embryo transfer, the stomach pulls strongly, turning into pain, and this happens often, then you should consult your doctor. The doctor will find out the causes of abdominal pain after embryo transfer and prescribe treatment to eliminate them. It is important to know that you should not endure severe abdominal pain after embryo transfer, but immediately contact a specialist.
She is a member of the European Association for Human Reproduction and Embryology. Today, with the development of this method, it was also possible to treat: families in which the partner has poor sperm counts, and those with proven immunological causes - antibodies. This is a process that takes the ovaries from a woman's ovaries and is fertilized with male sperm in a laboratory. Fertilized oocytes are grown to develop into young embryos, which are transferred to the uterus and thus.
If the cause of infertility is a woman, it is a "female factor". It includes - obstruction of the umbilical cord, lack of ovulation, polycystic ovary, endometriosis, antisperm and antiviral antibodies, etc. male infertility is called "male factor", which is gradually becoming an important cause of infertility in the family. To overcome male infertility, a direct injection of sperm into the egg is used, which is called intracytoplasmic sperm injection. There is also a third group of families where the cause of infertility cannot be established using modern research methods or the so-called idiopathic infertility.
Is it possible to lead a normal life after embryo transfer?
If a woman led a very active lifestyle before IVF, then after the embryo transfer she needs to slightly reduce her workload. The main rule that a woman must follow is calmness.
Walking in the fresh air, relaxing time with loved ones, doing breathing exercises, and some elements of yoga for pregnant women will be useful.
Strong physical activity should be limited, even if the woman was actively involved in sports before IVF. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations: in case of hectic work, it is better to take sick leave or vacation. sex life may be suspended at the discretion of the woman, and resumed upon confirmation normal development fetus. During pregnancy, it is important for a woman to understand that now she is responsible not only for herself, but also for a small organism that grows in her stomach. Therefore, she and her loved ones need to make every effort to ensure the normal development of the future person.
29.04.2015
There is no limit to human curiosity. Even about the most mundane things you want to know in great detail. What can we say about in vitro fertilization. I want to understand as much as possible, especially for those who had to deal with this. This article provides detailed information on how the embryo develops by day after IVF.
Embryological stage
chief actor at this stage becomes an embryologist. The embryological stage is the most important in in vitro fertilization cycles. The success of the whole procedure depends on its correctness.
For the cultivation of eggs and embryos, special conditions are needed - the optimal ratio:
- humidity;
- temperature;
- gas composition.
The combination of given conditions is possible only in special incubators. The selected parameters in them are supported automatically. For up to 5 days, the embryos will develop in the incubator.
There are also stringent requirements for the environments in which embryos are cultured. They should mimic the internal environment of the female body.
Development of embryos after IVF by day
The first day
The day of the puncture and extraction of female germ cells is considered zero. 12-16 hours after fertilization, one can observe the stage of the zygote - an oocyte with two pronuclei (cell nuclei): female and male.
The zygote already has a double set of chromosomes - there are genes from the mother's and father's organism. The presence of two cell nuclei is regarded as such that fertilization has occurred successfully. The rest of the cells that do not meet this criterion are rejected.
Second day
On the second day, the cells of the embryo divide and are called blastomeres. Normally, on the second day there should be from 2 to 4 blastomeres.
Every day, the embryologist is fixing. All its shortcomings and advantages are described in the protocol. This helps the embryologist select the "correct" embryo and .
Day Three
On the third day, the embryo, continuing to develop, already has 6-8 blastomeres. On this day, in the presence of violations and significant errors in the genome, embryos can stop in their development. The "development block" is coming. The genome contains information responsible for the maintenance and construction of the organism. Therefore, the cessation of development directly depends on which genome was created and how it was formed during fertilization.
Day four
On the fourth day of formation, the embryo consists of 10-16 blastomeres. The process of compaction begins: intercellular connections become denser, the shape is smoother. The morula stage begins. Normally, in the female body, it is at this stage that the embryo enters the uterus from the tube. By the end of the fourth day of development, a cavity begins to form inside the morula and the process of cavitation is initiated - the division of cells into two groups, each of which will perform its function.
From the moment the cavity occupies more than 50% of the volume of the embryo, the stage is called the blastocyst.
Day five
Extended cultivation up to 5-6 days is often recommended by doctors. The purpose of such cultivation is for the embryos to reach the blastocyst stage. It has been proven that when a blastocyst is transferred, the chance of implantation is significantly increased. This enables the doctor to isolate one of the highest quality embryos and avoid multiple pregnancies.
When the cavity reaches a significant size, the shell becomes thinner and the hatching process begins - the embryo leaves its protective shell. Then it is ready for implantation. Outwardly, this process resembles the “hatching” of a chick from an egg. In a situation where hatching naturally does not occur, the embryo is deprived of the ability to implant, a procedure is recommended.
Quality of embryos in IVF
Embryo transfer is carried out on the 2nd, 3rd or 5th, 6th day. It depends on the quantity and . In IVF, embryos of excellent and good quality are selected for transfer.
Morphological selection criteria:
- the number of cells corresponding to the day of development;
- no or minimal fragmentation process;
- spherical and equal in size blastomeres.
In fact, there are more criteria for determining the quality of embryos during IVF. We have listed the most basic ones.
How embryos develop after transfer, already in the uterine cavity, can be found in this.