The country: Russia

City: Moscow

Nearest metro: Frunzenskaya

Was passed: 1960

Sculptor: Tsigal V.E.

Architect: Gavrilov G.I., Kutyrev E.I.

Description

Bronze sculptural composition presents to our attention the famous Russian pediatrician Nil Fedorovich Filatov standing at the examination table in a medical gown and with a phonendoscope in his left hand. He examines a sick child, who in turn clings to the doctor in search of protection and help.

The monument is located on a low black granite pedestal with a wide base. On the pedestal there is a commemorative inscription: “To a friend of children, Nil Fedorovich Filatov. 1847 - 1902”.

History of creation

The monument to Nil Fedorovich was erected in 1960 at the entrance to the square of the Maiden's Field, which is not far from the Children's Hospital. Sechenov and clinics of obstetrics and gynecology named after. V.F. Snegirev.

How to get there

Get to the Frunzenskaya metro station and exit to Kholzunova lane. On the street it turns left and along Kholzunov lane go to Bolshaya Pirogovskaya street and turn left. Go along Bolshaya Pirogovskaya street for about 150 meters to the intersection with Elanskogo street and turn right and cross first Bolshaya Pirogovskaya and you are at the entrance to Maiden's field square where is the monument to Nil Fedorovich Filatov.

Monument to Leonid Filatov (1946–2003), actor, performer of the role of flight engineer Skvortsov in the blockbuster "Crew". Set on Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Leonid Filatov - actor, performer of the role of flight engineer Skvortsov in the blockbuster "Crew"

Leonid Alekseevich Filatov (1946–2003)- popular actor, director, poet. Played on stage over the years theater on Taganka, "Contemporary", wrote poems and parodies, with which he performed on stage, in 1970 he began acting in films. Film debut was "City of First Love", where Filatov played the driver Boris, and the role of flight engineer Skvortsov in the domestic blockbuster brought him real fame "Crew". Other notable film credits include: "You never dreamed...", "Forgotten Melody for Flute", "City Zero", "Success". In 1995, Leonid Filatov was awarded the title People's Artist RF, in 1996 he received the TEFI award for his work on the program "To be remembered".

Leonid Filatov died on October 26, 2003, was buried in Moscow (plot No. 12, to the right of the white building of the columbarium).

In July 2006, the grave of the actor was opened, made according to the sketches of the widow Nina Shatskaya. The memorial composition is a bronze figure of Filatov in full height on the theater stage. The artist is captured in the stage costume of Horatio from the play "Hamlet": Wool sweater with a large neckline and flared jeans. His posture is relaxed, free, one leg half-bent, flowers in his hands. The actor comes out to the audience to bow, he slightly leaned on the column, a slight smile froze on his face. Embossed on the pediment

The practice of cycling

Doctor Filatov was born in 1847 in the Penza village of Mikhailovka. We can say that his fate at that moment was already sealed. No, the baby was in good health. Just rarely anyone manages to be born in such a dense medical family.

Brother Abram is an obstetrician-gynecologist, brother Pyotr is an ophthalmologist and surgeon, brother Fyodor is a zemstvo doctor, and brother Nikolai is also a doctor.

In 1864, Neil entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. Then - the position of a zemstvo doctor in the Saransk district, in fact, which determined the further specialization of the doctor: “Imagine, I am the only one in the whole district. By geography, 58 thousand people are in my hands, not counting wives and children, and the latter are mainly in my hands.

Then there was an internship - already quite conscious - in European children's clinics, the defense of the dissertation "On the relationship of bronchitis to acute catarrhal pneumonia", the title of Privatdozent, and finally in 1875 Nil Fedorovich settled in Moscow, where he entered as a doctor in the Sofia Children's Hospital of the Orphanage on Bronnaya street.

The service in the children's hospital was, of course, a service, but at the same time, his whole life. Best friends Not doctors, but patients. It was with them that Nil Fedorovich found a common language best of all, it was with them that he rested his soul.

Once I was going home - and suddenly I saw how one of the patients, a young gymnasium student, was sitting and moving pieces on a chessboard. The Doctor, himself a great chess fan, could not overcome the temptation. He offered the party to the high school student. He thinks: “Now I’ll quickly beat him and go.”

But then the unexpected happened. Nil Fedorovich told his wife: “And he rolled a checkmate on me. The next day - again mat. On the third day I no longer play in passing, but purposely arrived earlier, I play with all my might, and he again checks and checkmates me. And on the fourth day - everything is checkmate.

To justify the doctor, let's say that the name of that schoolboy was Alexander Alekhine. However, similar stories happened in the life of a doctor almost every day. At first, his wife was wary of his long delays: you never know, the man is young, handsome and not in poverty. But then she relaxed: her husband was late at work with small patients.

Nil Fedorovich was a closed person in public, and among children and relatives he himself was likened to children. His colleague N.V. Yablokov wrote: “During the intermissions between lectures in the smoking room and the corridors of the old clinics on Rozhdestvenka, I met a gloomy, tall, swarthy brunette with a cap of curly hair on his head, giving him a non-Russian type, always in a hurry, untalkative, uncommunicative young man Filatov. How surprised I was when I met him in the family circle of a young doctor as a cheerful conversationalist and wit, good-natured, contagiously laughing with that purely childish, laid-back laughter that people with an open soul and a calm conscience can laugh with, with his expressive large black eyes, shining with infinite warmth. All of it made an enchanting impression on me then.

One day, already a venerable doctor, he was waiting for his arrival at the hospital. Alexander III with his wife. The emperor was delayed. The medical luminary, for fun, grabbed his own son's bicycle, began to prescribe all sorts of risky turns in the hospital yard, and finally crashed into a tree.

The royal family was shocked when they were solemnly received by the illustrious doctor in a torn and soiled, but embroidered with gold uniform of a real state adviser, with a bloodied, blue nose and mischievous sparks in his eyes.

With a chicken under my arm

In Moscow, on Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, there is a huge medical town - a children's hospital. Its outpatient department is especially striking - a one-story mansion with four Doric columns. It was built in 1811 by the famous Osip Bove.

After the fire of 1883, the Sofia Hospital moved here from Bronnaya Street.

"All Moscow" reported: "Sofia Children's Hospital, 100 beds, 3 departments: surgical, therapeutic and outpatient. The poor are taken in for free. The outpatient clinic provides daily free advice and medication. For children of wealthy parents 8 rubles. per month, for advice and medicine 15 kopecks.

It was within these walls that Filatov wrote his most important medical scientific works: “Intestinal Catarrh in Children”, “Lectures on Acute Infectious Diseases”, “Semiotics and Diagnosis of Childhood Diseases” - more than thirty works in total.

Among them, the most popular are guides for other pediatricians. detailed, step by step instructions. How to take into account the patient's living conditions? What to ask his mother? In what order should the questions be asked? How to take into account its psychological type? What to believe and what to question? What are the first words to say to a child? How to approach him? How to smile?

Filatov wrote: “My goal is to give novice doctors a brief guide with which they could more easily understand the various symptoms of this disease and make a diagnosis based on the main symptoms, without getting carried away in the direction of trifles.”

Colleagues admired: reading Filatov's instructions, you feel that in front of you is not a book page, but a living baby. Probably, at the time of writing, Nil Fedorovich himself presented himself as such. His advice seemed to be simple. But no one before that had thought about such things at all: “Starting to examine ... the doctor should first of all think about not immediately scaring his patient ... It is always better, entering the patient’s room, for the time being, not to pay any attention to him and , having taken up the anamnesis for the time being, give him the opportunity to take a closer look at the new person.

“We leave all the most unpleasant procedures at the end of communication - then they will be perceived not so painfully.” The doctor actually lived the life of his little patients.

One day, colleagues noticed that Nil Fedorovich, during his daily walk in the morning, began to turn off Maiden's Field Street not towards Prechistenka, as before, but towards the Arbat. Interested. Followed. It turned out that Filatov daily buys chicken at the Smolensk market and then, already with a chicken carcass under his arm, goes to his patient.

The reason is simple: for the boy to recover, he needed not only treatment, but also enhanced nutrition. And the family did not have enough money.

Neil Fedorovich did not even think that he was doing something special. The child must recover, that's all.

In the same way, he carried honey, sweets, and toys to his little patients. He examined the child, corrected medical prescriptions and went either to university clinics - to the department, or to the hospital on the Garden Ring, where he continued to observe, analyze, communicate with colleagues, with patients, with parents and write, write, write.

And gradually, step by step, article by article, it became clear to all doctors that children's medicine is completely special world that "adult" methods and techniques do not work here at all and it is urgent to develop others, namely "children's".

Thus, under the influence of Filatov, a new branch for our medicine was formed - pediatrics.

"Over which death is powerless"

Monument to Filatov on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya in Moscow. Photo from foretime.ru

Nil Fedorovich died at the age of 55 - the great doctor himself was not rich in good health. He was buried at Vagankovsky. During the ceremony, one of the students of Nil Fedorovich made a speech: “There are people over whom death is powerless ...”

The phrase turned out to be, as they would say now, “viral”, the biographers amicably and joyfully took it away. So Filatov went down in history - the founder of Russian pediatrics, over which death is powerless.

In 1960, in Moscow, on Pirogovskaya Street, on the territory of the former complex of university clinics, a monument to Nil Filatov by sculptor V.E. Tsigal was unveiled. A full-length bronze figure, and next to it is a bronze statue of a child. The pedestal is granite, with the inscription: "To the children's friend Nil Fedorovich Filatov 1847 - 1902".

Seven years ago, of course, this was impossible - the title "children's friend" was firmly assigned to Stalin. But the Khrushchev thaw was in full swing and the inscription did not cause unwanted associations.

Nil Fedorovich Filatov was born on May 20 (June 2), 1847 in the Penza region of the Saransk district in a village called Mikhailovka and is the founder of pediatrics in Russia. It comes from the old noble family Filatov. Earlier in 1626, the creator of this kind of Filatovs was given the Sovereign's letter of ownership of the Trubetskoy plot. According to this letter, the Filatovs were assigned a village called Novoselki, which was located in the Penza province.

Filatov family.

Neil's father, named Fyodor Mikhailovich Filatov, was a former military man who, having taken Anna Avraamovna Shakhova as his wife, received as a dowry the small village of Mikhailovka, which is located in the Saransk district of the Protasov region of the Penza province. In the middle of 1847, the third son was born in the family of Fyodor Mikhailovich, who was named Nil. In big and pretty friendly family The Filatovs had seven sons, and each of them achieved great success in his life. One of the sons named Mikhail was an engineer, Abram was a talented obstetrician-gynecologist, Nil is the founder of pediatrics in Russia, Peter was an outstanding eye surgeon, Fedor was an excellent zemstvo doctor, Boris was a successful lawyer, Nikolai was a famous doctor, who passed away early. In the Filatov family, the mother is always the leader. Anna Avraamovna was a rather strict woman, her character showed strength and nobility. The couple raised their children in strictness. They brought up fair, honest, selfless people.

Education.

At first, Neil was homeschooled. He had great talent and intelligence, they taught him mathematics and the Russian language. In 1859, when he was twelve years old, Neil became a student at the Penza Noble Institute, where he began to study in the second grade. After graduating from the Penza Institute in 1864, Filatov left for the capital. There he entered the medical faculty of Moscow State University. During the first year of study, living in the capital was quite difficult. Neil and his brother Abram rented a small room from a tailor. Nil wholeheartedly in Moscow began to become attached to theater life. In addition to the theater, he was fond of painting and symphonic music.

During the years of study at the institute, Neil began to study medicine quite deeply. Most of all, he loved classes with Professor G.A. Zakharyin. Nil Fedorovich during recent years training decided to improve strenuously. His dream is to further his studies in clinical medicine and he wanted to practice abroad. In 1869, Filatov graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow State University and began working as a zemstvo doctor. First, Saransk County, and then in clinics in cities such as Prague, Vienna and Heidelberg.

Work abroad.

From 1872 to 1874 the famous physician worked abroad. During the years that he spent outside our country, he not only increased his practice as a doctor, but also learned a lot from pediatrics, internal medicine, dermatology, otolaryngology, histological techniques. Returning to the capital, he began working in a children's hospital and teaching at the medical faculty of Moscow State University.

On May 31, 1876, he flawlessly defended his doctoral thesis entitled "On the question of the relation of bronchitis to acute catarrhal pneumonia." In 1877, a very young scientist under the guidance of a former teacher N.A. Tulsky, became a Privatdozent at the Department of Children's and Women's Diseases, as well as Obstetrics. He dealt with the cause of a fairly high mortality of children.

Works of an outstanding doctor.

The scientist described in detail the results of his work in monographs, which were published one in 1873 under the title "Dyspepsia and influenza in children", and the second - in 1876 under the title "On some prejudices in the upbringing of children." Another work was published in 1881 under the title "Clinical lectures on the recognition and treatment of intestinal catarrhs ​​in children." In 1885, another great work by Filatov was published under the title "Lectures on Acute Infectious Diseases in Children".

Nil Fedorovich in the eyes of his students and patients.

Nil Fedorovich during those years that he taught at the university, all the time combined lectures and medical practice. Every day he made rounds with the students around the Khludovskaya hospital. In order to establish a competent diagnosis, it is necessary to identify almost any symptoms of a sick child. He was practically expected in any ward, he was loved and believed in. Uncommon Ability to win over a famous doctor exhausted by disease and incredulous children amazed everyone else. Many students loved the professor very much and tried to imitate him, for many he was an ideal.

In those distant years, an epidemic of diphtheria was spreading in the south of Russia. Filatov, who had previously dealt with this terrible disease, did his best to find a cure. In 1894, with his assistant G.N. Gabrichevsky, they for the first time used a serum that they themselves developed for the treatment of diphtheria. He spoke about this during the International Congress of Hygienists and Bacteriologists in Budapest.

No matter how a well-known doctor in Russia tried to lead a more or less correct daily routine, all the same, the worries and stresses for young children all the time ruined a rather strong organism. Since 1895, Filatov's health has deteriorated: attacks of angina pectoris began to torment, atherosclerosis became more noticeable, heart failures began to appear more and more often. Despite such symptoms, Nil Fedorovich still worked selflessly. In this state, he went to consultations in other cities. And so on one day, more precisely on January 17, 1902, returning from another trip to Nizhny Novgorod, Nil Fedorovich felt bad. However, the next day he again received patients in the clinic. On January 19, he lost consciousness, and his Right side was paralyzed. On January 26, the famous Russian doctor Filatov died unexpectedly from another brain hemorrhage. The famous Russian scientist lived only 55 years.

Perpetuation of memory.

• St. Petersburg. On December 31, 1834, at the initiative of the life physician N. F. Arendt, under the patronage of Emperor Nicholas I, the first pediatric hospital in Russia, the Imperial Nikolaev Children's Hospital, was opened in Olivier's house near the bridge; then - Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 18 named after N. F. Filatov. Since 1996, it has been the Children's Clinical Hospital No. 5 named after N. F. Filatov, located on Bucharestskaya Street - the largest children's hospital in the city.
• Moscow. Since 1922, the city's children's clinical hospital No. 13 named after N. F. Filatov (Filatovskaya) has been named after Filatov - the first children's hospital in the city (former Sofiyskaya), opened on December 6, 1842 on Malaya Bronnaya Street; after a fire in 1883, the hospital moved to a modern site, on Sadovo-Kudrinskaya street. Monument to N.F. Filatov (photo on the left) in the Maiden's Field square. (m. Frunzenskaya, B. Pirogovskaya st., near house 17).
• Penza. The name of N. F. Filatov is the Penza Regional Children's Clinical Hospital (Penza, Bekeshskaya St., 43). In 1989, a monument to the scientist was erected in the courtyard of this hospital (sculptor - V. G. Kurdov).