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When and where did the events of the Mahabharata take place. Indian mythology
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« Mahabharata"(Skt. महाभारतम्, mahābhāratam IAST, " The great legend of the descendants of Bharata", named after King Bharata, a descendant of the ancient king Kuru) is an ancient Indian epic. One of the largest literary works in the world, the "Mahabharata" is a complex but organic complex of epic narratives, short stories, fables, parables, legends, lyrical-didactic dialogues, didactic reasoning of theological, political, legal nature, cosmogonic myths, genealogies, hymns, laments, united according to a typical for large forms of Indian literature, the principle of framing, consists of eighteen books (parva) and contains more than 75,000 couplets (slokas), which is several times longer than the Iliad and Odyssey taken together. "Mahabharata" is the source of many plots and images that have been developed in the literature of the peoples of South and Southeast Asia. In Indian tradition, it is considered the "fifth Veda". One of the few works of world literature, which claims about itself that it has everything in the world.
The authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to the sage Vyasa, who himself is the protagonist of the legend (the grandfather of the Pandavas and Kauravas). The epic is based on a story about a feud between two groups of cousins - five Pandavas (sons of King Pandu and Queen Kunti) and one hundred Kauravas (sons of King Dhritarashtra and Queen Gandhari). Both the Pandavas and the Kauravas are distant descendants of an ancient king of the Lunar dynasty named Kuru, but the legend in most cases applies the family name Kauravas to the sons of Dhritarashtra. The strife was initiated by the eldest son of Dhritarashtra, the insidious and power-hungry Duryodhana, who, even in his youth, "from greed for domination, a criminal intention was born." The old king Dhritarashtra panders to the heir, despite the condemnation of the divine sages, advisers and elder relatives. As a result, the strife flares up and after many years culminates in a bloody eighteen-day battle on the sacred field of Kurukshetra. The participation of the most powerful knight - the unrecognized older brother of the Pandavas Karna - in the battle on the side of the Kauravas gives a special drama to the dynastic conflict.
The war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas has a mythological background: according to the plan of the gods, the Danava demons incarnated in the Kauravas should be exterminated in Kurukshetra. It was in order to provoke the dynastic conflict necessary for the start of enmity that Shiva created Duryodhana as a gift to the Danavas. In addition, from the sacrificial altar, Draupadi is miraculously born, who is destined to arouse the enmity of the kshatriyas. A special role in the plan of the gods is given to Karna: according to the omniscient Vyasa, the son of Surya Karna appeared on earth to sow discord.
The epic narrative occupies the end of book I and books II-XI, and in book I, the Pandavas, having inherited half the kingdom, create a huge and prosperous empire, in book II, the Pandavas lose the kingdom to the Kauravas in a ritual game of dice and retire to thirteen IV, V book is entirely devoted to unsuccessful attempts to resolve the conflict by means of diplomacy, the description of the battle is devoted to books VI-X, and in book XI there is a mourning for the fallen heroes. Before the battle, the middle of the Pandava brothers Arjuna (and their most powerful warrior) refuses to participate in the murder of relatives, but Krishna, who became his charioteer, resolves the hero's ethical doubts in the famous sermon - "Bhagavad Gita". The Great Battle of Kurukshetra marks the beginning of the Kali Yuga, the fourth and last, worst era of the current cycle of human history.
In the battle, the Pandavas, supported by Krishna, won, but for the sake of victory they repeatedly resorted to insidious tricks (the murder of their grandfather Bhishma, the mentor Drona, their relative the righteous Bhurishravas, nephew Ghatotkacha, their brother Karna and cousin Duryodhana). All Kauravas and their sons fell on the battlefield (except for their half-brother Yuyutsu, who went over to the side of the Pandavas), but the victorious Pandavas also lost all their sons and relatives. After the victory, the elder Pandava king Yudhishthira, repenting of the bloodshed committed, wanted to leave the kingdom and retire to the forest for the life of a hermit, but under pressure from the persuasion of the divine sages and relatives (books XII and XIII) to fulfill the duty of the king (rajadharma), he ruled for thirty-six years (books XIV and XV), without ceasing to condemn himself for the extermination of relatives and friends. Yudhishthira rules for the first fifteen years, paying honors and formally recognizing the headship of the old king. Unable to endure the reproaches and hatred of the second of the Pandava brothers, the mighty and indomitable Bhimasena, Dhritarashtra retires to the forest, accompanied by the wife, adviser and mother of the Pandavas, Kunti. For the last twenty years, Yudhishthira has ruled the kingdom on his own. In their declining years, the Pandavas, together with their common wife Draupadi, leave the kingdom and head to the Himalayas, die on the way and ascend to heaven (books XVII and XVIII). The actual epic plot occupies less than half of the volume of the Mahabharata, possibly supplemented over the centuries by inserted short stories and parables on mythological and religious-philosophical topics (some scholars consider the Bhagavad Gita as an example of such a late insert). The Bhagavad Gita is the most famous part of the Mahabharata and an important sacred scripture of Hinduism (especially Vaishnavism), revered by many as one of the Upanishads ("Gita Upanishad").
Karna should be recognized as the central epic hero of the Mahabharata. Karna discovered Krishna's plan about the need for a battle on Kurukshetra to exterminate the kshatriyas and the demons incarnated in them. According to Krishna, without the participation of Karna, the battle would not have taken place. In addition, it is with his death on Kurukshetra that the defeat of the Kauravas becomes inevitable, and Dvapara Yuga ends and Kali Yuga begins, as evidenced by cosmic cataclysms. The legend devotes more space to the description of the death of Karna than anyone else, including the divine Krishna, and the battle part of the central plot about the enmity of the Pandavas and Kauravas ends with his mourning.
The historical and philosophical basis of the "Mahabharata"
Material evidence of the authenticity of the events of the Mahabharata has not been found.
Problems of the genesis of the Mahabharata
The editorial work on the Mahabharata as a whole was completed in the first centuries of our era, but a single edition of the poem was not created, despite the fact that the creation of the Mahabharata is attributed to one author, the legendary sage and poet Vyasa. There are northern and southern editions. These differences are manifested in the order of arrangement of individual moments of the story and in the presence or absence of later inserts. Variants of the main legend - the story of the rivalry between the Pandavas and the Kauravas - differ slightly in different editions.
The structure of the poem (the presence in the first book of two largely coinciding catalogs of its contents) makes it possible to single out two of its main editions. The first can be roughly dated to the 7th century BC. e. (pre-Buddhist era), it included the main plot of the war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, beginning with Shantanu (the great-grandfather of the main characters), and ending with the death of Krishna and the exodus of the Pandavas. The second edition can be dated to the period of the revival of Brahminism in the 2nd century BC. e. Then numerous inserts were made into the poem, in particular, an independent short version of the Ramayana. Modern look the epic acquired by the 5th century.
Mahabharata books
The Mahabharata consists of 18 parvas (books):
Adiparva(The first book. The history of the origin of the Bharat family and describes the beginning of the enmity between the sons of King Dhritarashtra and their cousins Pandavas)
Sabhaparva(A book about the assembly. Tells about the unification of the ancient Indian principalities under the rule of the Pandavas and how they were deprived of the kingdom)
Aranyakaparva(The Forest Book. Covers the twelve years that the Pandavas spent in the forest)
Virataparva(A book about Virata. Tells about the events that happened to the Pandavas during the thirteenth year of exile)
Udyogaparva(A book about diligence. Describes the diplomatic efforts of the Pandavas in every way to avoid war with the Kauravas)
Bhishmaparva(A book about Bhishma. Tells about the first ten (out of eighteen) days of the Battle of Kurukshetra)
Dronaparva(A book about Drona. It tells about battles and duels during five (from the eleventh to the fifteenth) days of the eighteen-day battle on Kurukshetra)
Karnaparva(A book about Karna. It tells about battles and duels during two (sixteenth and seventeenth) days of the eighteen-day battle on Kurukshetra)
Shalyaparva(The book about Shalya. Tells about battles and fights on the last day of the eighteen-day battle at Kurukshetra)
Sauptikaparva(A book about the attack on the sleepers. It tells about the dishonorable extermination of the Pandava army by the son of Drona named Ashvatthaman)
Striparva(A book about wives. Describes the grief of the wives of the dead warriors after Ashvatthaman treacherously destroyed the sleeping army of the Pandavas)
Shantiparva(Book of Appeasement)
Anushasanaparva(Book of prescription)
Ashvamedhikaparva(The book about the sacrifice of a horse. It tells about the unification of the ancient Indian principalities under the Pandavas after they defeated the Kauravas)
Ashramavasikaparva(A book about living in the forest. Talks about leaving for the forest monastery and completing life path King Dhritarashtra, wife of Gandhari and Kunti)
Mausalaparva(A book about the battle on clubs. Tells about the internecine extermination of the union of kindred tribes - Yadavas, Vrishnis, Andhaks and Kukurs, about the death of Krishna and Baladeva)
Mahaprasthanikaparva(A book about the great exodus. Talks about last days the life path of the Pandavas and Draupadi, carried out by them in wanderings and ascetic exercises)
Svargarokhanikaparva(A book about the ascent to heaven. Tells about the posthumous fate of the Pandavas and their cousins Kauravas)
There is also an appendix of 16,375 couplets (slokas), "Harivamshaparva", which tells about the life of Krishna.
Editions and translations of the Mahabharata
Back in the Middle Ages, the Mahabharata was translated into all the major languages of India and South-East Asia.
Work on a critical edition of the poem was carried out in Pune for 40 years (1927-1966). It contains about 156 thousand lines.
Of the English translations, the most famous was made by K. M. Ganguly in 1883-1896. By 2009, the Indian poet P. Lal completed a full English translation of the poem, including all of its versions.
An English academic translation is currently underway, begun by J. A. B. Van Byutenen (University of Chicago) in 1975. The following books have been published: I (Van Butenen, 1980), II and III (Van Butenen, 1981), IV and V (Van Butenen, 1978). After Van Byutenen's death came VI (D. Gitomer), XI and Part I of XII (J. Fitzgerald, 2003). Translation of VII (G. Tubb, University of Chicago), VIII (K. Minkowski, Oxford), Part II of XII (Brown University), XV-XVIII (W. Doniger, University of Chicago) is in progress. The translation, like the Russian academic one, is based on the critical edition of the Mahabharata (Pune, 1927-66), but taking into account some variants that were not included in the critical edition.
Work on a complete Russian (prose) translation was started by V. I. Kalyanov (1908-2001) in Leningrad in 1939, and continues to this day. Translations of 16 books (I-XI, XIV-XVIII) have been published, work is underway on the remaining two. In addition to the complete translation, there are also numerous partial translations (rather transcriptions) in verse form.
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Notes
Literature
In English
Brokington J. The Sanskrit Epics. Leiden-Boston, 1998
Dahlman J. Das Mahabharata als Epos und Rechtsbuch. Berlin, 1895.
Dahlman J. Genesis des Mahabharata. Berlin, 1899.
Goldman R.P. Gods, Priests and Warriors. The Bhrgus of the Mahabharata. N.Y., 1977.
Gonzalez-Reimann L. The Mahabharata and the Yugas. N.Y., 2002
Gupta S.P., Ramachandran K.S. Mahābhārata: Myth and Reality. different views. Delhi, 1976.
Held G.J. The Mahābhārata. An Ethnological Study. London-Amsterdam, 1935.
Hiltebeitel A. The Ritual of Battle: Krishna in the Mahābhārata. Ithaca-London, 1976. 2nd ed. N.Y. 1990.
Hopkins E.W. epic mythology. Strassburg, 1915.
Hopkins E.W. The Great Epic of India. Its Character and Origin. N.Y. 1901.
Jacobi H. Mahabharata. Inhaltsangabe, Index und Concordanz der Calc. and Bomb. Ausgaben. Bonn, 1903.
Laine J.W. Vision of God. Narratives of Theophany in the Mahābhārata. Vienna, 1989.
Patil N.B. Folklore in the Mahābhārata. Delhi, 1983.
Sharma R.K. Elements of Poetry in the Mahābhārata. Berkeley L.A. 1964.
Sorenson S. An Index to the Names in the Mahabharata. Delhi, 1978.
Sukthankar Memorial Edition. Vol. I. Critical Studies in the Mahabharata. Poona, 1944.
Sukthankar V.S. On the Meaning of the Mahābhārata and its Critics. Bombay, 1957.
Sullivan Bruce M. Seer of the Fifth Veda. Krishna Dvaipāyana Vyāsa in the Mahābhārata. Delhi, 1999.
Suton N. Religious Doctrines in the Mahābhārata. Delhi, 2000.
Tivari J.N. Disposal of the Dead in the Mahābhārata. Varanasi, 1979.
Vaidya C.V. The Mahābhārata: A Criticism. Bombay, 1929.
Yardi M.R. Epilogue of the Mahabharata. Pune, 2001.
In Russian
Grintzer P.A. "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana". (Series "Mass Historical and Literary Library"). M., artist. lit. 1970. 96 pages, 8000 copies.
Grintser P. A. Ancient Indian epic. Genesis and typology. (Series "Research on the folklore and mythology of the East"). M., Nauka (GRVL). 1974. 424 pages, 4800 copies.
Dandekar, R. N. "" in the collection of articles "From the Vedas to Hinduism. Evolving Mythology". M., "Eastern Literature" RAS ISBN 5-02-016607-3; 2002
Ibragimov A.R. The image of Karna in the Mahabharata. Inquiries about the tragic hero of the Indian epic. M., CK. 2009. 248 pages.
Ibragimov A. R. The old king of the Mahabharata. Freedom of choice and fate in the Indian epic. Montreal, AGC. 2016. 464 pp. ISBN 9781533730299.
Neveleva S. L. Mythology of the ancient Indian epic (Pantheon). (Series "Research on the folklore and mythology of the East). M., Nauka (GRVL). 1975. 120 pages. 5000 copies.
Neveleva S. L. Questions of the poetics of the ancient Indian epic: Epithet and comparison. Series "Research on the folklore and mythology of the East". M., Nauka (GRVL). 1979. 136 pages. 2150 copies.
Neveleva S. L. Mahabharata. The study of the ancient Indian epic. M., Nauka (GRVL). 1991. 232 pages, 2500 copies.
Links
- a site with a complete Russian translation of Mahabharata books for reading online.
on the site "Epic Power"
translated by B. L. Smirnov
in the library of the Monastery-Academy of Yoga "Collection of Secrets"
On Pratsenskaya Hill, on the very spot where he fell with the staff of the banner in his hands, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky lay bleeding, and, without knowing it, groaned with a quiet, pitiful and childish moan. By evening, he stopped moaning and completely calmed down. He did not know how long his oblivion lasted. Suddenly he felt alive again and suffering from a burning and tearing pain in his head. “Where is it, this high sky, which I did not know until now and saw today?” was his first thought. And I did not know this suffering either, he thought. “Yes, I didn’t know anything until now. But where am I? He began to listen and heard the sounds of the approaching stomp of horses and the sounds of voices speaking in French. He opened his eyes. Above him was again the same high sky with still higher floating clouds, through which a blue infinity could be seen. He did not turn his head and did not see those who, judging by the sound of hooves and voices, drove up to him and stopped. The riders who arrived were Napoleon, accompanied by two adjutants. Bonaparte, circling the battlefield, gave the last orders to reinforce the batteries firing at the Augusta dam and examined the dead and wounded remaining on the battlefield. - De beaux hommes! [Handsome!] - said Napoleon, looking at the dead Russian grenadier, who, with his face buried in the ground and a blackened nape, lay on his stomach, throwing back one already stiffened arm. – Les munitions des pieces de position sont epuisees, sire! [There are no more battery charges, Your Majesty!] - said at that time the adjutant, who had arrived from the batteries firing at August. - Faites avancer celles de la reserve, [Order to bring from the reserves,] - said Napoleon, and, having driven off a few steps, he stopped over Prince Andrei, who was lying on his back with a banner pole thrown beside him (the banner had already been taken by the French like a trophy) . - Voila une belle mort, [Here is a beautiful death,] - said Napoleon, looking at Bolkonsky. Prince Andrei understood that this was said about him, and that Napoleon was saying this. He heard the name sire of the one who said these words. But he heard these words as if he heard the buzzing of a fly. Not only was he not interested in them, but he did not notice them, and immediately forgot them. His head burned; he felt that he was bleeding, and he saw above him a distant, lofty and eternal sky. He knew that it was Napoleon - his hero, but at that moment Napoleon seemed to him such a small, insignificant person in comparison with what was now happening between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running across it. It was absolutely indifferent to him at that moment, no matter who was standing over him, no matter what they said about him; he was only glad that people had stopped over him, and only wished that these people would help him and bring him back to life, which seemed to him so beautiful, because he understood it in such a different way now. He mustered all his strength to move and make some kind of sound. He feebly moved his leg and produced a pitiful, weak, painful groan. - BUT! he is alive,” said Napoleon. “Raise this young man, ce jeune homme, and take him to the dressing station!” Having said this, Napoleon rode on to meet Marshal Lan, who, having removed his hat, smiling and congratulating him on his victory, drove up to the emperor. Prince Andrei did not remember anything further: he lost consciousness from the terrible pain that was caused to him by laying on a stretcher, jolts while moving and probing the wound at the dressing station. He woke up only at the end of the day, when he, having been connected with other Russian wounded and captured officers, was carried to the hospital. On this movement he felt a little fresher and could look around and even talk. The first words he heard when he woke up were those of a French escort officer who hurriedly said: - We must stop here: the emperor will pass now; he will be pleased to see these captive masters. “Today there are so many prisoners, almost the entire Russian army, that he probably got bored with it,” said another officer. - Well, however! This one, they say, is the commander of the entire guard of Emperor Alexander, ”said the first, pointing to a wounded Russian officer in a white cavalry guard uniform. Bolkonsky recognized Prince Repnin, whom he met in St. Petersburg society. Next to him stood another, 19-year-old boy, also a wounded cavalry guard officer. Bonaparte, riding up at a gallop, stopped the horse. - Who is the eldest? - he said, seeing the prisoners. They named the colonel, Prince Repnin. - Are you the commander of the cavalry regiment of Emperor Alexander? Napoleon asked. “I commanded a squadron,” answered Repnin. “Your regiment honestly fulfilled its duty,” said Napoleon. “The praise of a great commander is the best reward for a soldier,” said Repnin. “I give it to you with pleasure,” said Napoleon. Who is this young man next to you? Prince Repnin named Lieutenant Sukhtelen. Looking at him, Napoleon said, smiling: - II est venu bien jeune se frotter a nous. [He came young to compete with us.] “Youth does not interfere with being brave,” Sukhtelen said in a broken voice. “A fine answer,” said Napoleon. “Young man, you will go far!” Prince Andrei, for the sake of completeness of the trophy of the captives, was also put forward, in front of the emperor, could not help but attract his attention. Napoleon, apparently, remembered that he had seen him on the field and, addressing him, used the very name of the young man - jeune homme, under which Bolkonsky was first reflected in his memory. – Et vous, jeune homme? Well, what about you, young man? - he turned to him, - how do you feel, mon brave? Despite the fact that five minutes before this, Prince Andrei could say a few words to the soldiers who carried him, he now, directly fixing his eyes on Napoleon, was silent ... All the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him at that moment, seemed so petty to him his hero himself, with this petty vanity and joy of victory, in comparison with that high, just and kind sky that he saw and understood - that he could not answer him. Yes, and everything seemed so useless and insignificant in comparison with that strict and majestic structure of thought, which caused in him a weakening of forces from the flow of blood, suffering and the imminent expectation of death. Looking into Napoleon's eyes, Prince Andrei thought about the insignificance of greatness, the insignificance of life, which no one could understand the meaning of, and the even greater insignificance of death, the meaning of which no one could understand and explain from the living. The emperor, without waiting for an answer, turned away and, driving off, turned to one of the chiefs: “Let them take care of these gentlemen and take them to my bivouac; have my doctor Larrey examine their wounds. Goodbye, Prince Repnin, - and he, having touched the horse, galloped on. There was a radiance of self-satisfaction and happiness on his face. The soldiers who brought Prince Andrei and removed from him the golden icon that they came across, hung on his brother by Princess Marya, seeing the kindness with which the emperor treated the prisoners, hastened to return the icon. Prince Andrei did not see who and how put it on again, but on his chest, over and above his uniform, suddenly appeared a small icon on a small gold chain. “It would be nice,” thought Prince Andrei, looking at this icon, which his sister hung on him with such feeling and reverence, “it would be nice if everything was as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Marya. How good it would be to know where to look for help in this life and what to expect after it, there, beyond the grave! How happy and calm I would be if I could say now: Lord, have mercy on me!... But to whom shall I say this! Either the power - indefinite, incomprehensible, which I not only cannot address, but which I cannot express in words - great everything or nothing, - he said to himself, - or this is the God who is sewn up here, in this palm, Princess Mary? Nothing, nothing is true, except for the insignificance of everything that is clear to me, and the greatness of something incomprehensible, but the most important! The stretcher moved. At every push he again felt unbearable pain; the feverish state intensified, and he began to become delirious. Those dreams of a father, wife, sister and future son and the tenderness that he experienced on the night before the battle, the figure of a small, insignificant Napoleon and above all the high sky, constituted the main basis of his feverish ideas. A quiet life and calm family happiness in the Bald Mountains seemed to him. He was already enjoying this happiness, when suddenly little Napoleon appeared with his indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortune of others, and doubts, torments began, and only heaven promised peace. By morning, all the dreams were mixed and merged into chaos and darkness of unconsciousness and oblivion, which, in the opinion of Larrey himself, Dr. Napoleon, were much more likely to be resolved by death than by recovery. - C "est un sujet nerveux et bilieux," said Larrey, "il n" en rechappera pas. [This man is nervous and bilious, he will not recover.] Prince Andrei, among other hopelessly wounded, was handed over to the care of the inhabitants.
At the beginning of 1806, Nikolai Rostov returned on vacation. Denisov was also going home to Voronezh, and Rostov persuaded him to go with him to Moscow and stay at their house. At the penultimate station, having met a comrade, Denisov drank three bottles of wine with him and, approaching Moscow, despite the bumps in the road, did not wake up, lying at the bottom of the sledge, near Rostov, which, as it approached Moscow, came more and more into impatience. “Soon? Is it soon? Oh, these unbearable streets, shops, rolls, lanterns, cabbies! thought Rostov, when they had already written down their holidays at the outpost and drove into Moscow. - Denisov, come! Asleep! he said, leaning forward with his whole body, as if by this position he hoped to speed up the movement of the sleigh. Denisov did not respond. - Here is the corner of the crossroads where Zakhar the cab driver is standing; here he is and Zakhar, and still the same horse. Here is the shop where the gingerbread was bought. Is it soon? Well! - Which house is that? asked the coachman. - Yes, at the end, to the big one, how can you not see! This is our house, - said Rostov, - after all, this is our house! Denisov! Denisov! We'll come now. Denisov raised his head, cleared his throat, and said nothing. “Dmitry,” Rostov turned to the lackey in the box. “Is this our fire?” - So exactly with and with daddy in the office glows. - Haven't gone to bed yet? BUT? how do you think? Look, don’t forget, get me a new Hungarian at once, ”added Rostov, feeling his new mustache. “Come on, let’s go,” he shouted to the driver. “Wake up, Vasya,” he turned to Denisov, who lowered his head again. - Come on, let's go, three rubles for vodka, let's go! Rostov shouted when the sleigh was already three houses from the entrance. It seemed to him that the horses were not moving. Finally the sleigh was taken to the right to the entrance; above his head, Rostov saw a familiar cornice with broken plaster, a porch, a sidewalk pillar. He jumped out of the sleigh on the move and ran into the passage. The house also stood motionless, unfriendly, as if it didn't care who came to it. There was no one in the vestibule. "My God! is everything all right?" thought Rostov, stopping for a minute with a sinking heart, and at once starting to run further along the passage and the familiar, crooked steps. The same doorknob of the castle, for the uncleanliness of which the countess was angry, also weakly opened. A single tallow candle burned in the hallway. Old man Mikhail was sleeping on the chest. Prokofy, the visiting lackey, the one who was so strong that he lifted the carriage by the back, sat and knitted bast shoes from the hems. He glanced at the open door, and his indifferent, sleepy expression suddenly changed into ecstatic fright. - Fathers, lights! Count young! he exclaimed, recognizing the young master. – What is it? My dove! - And Prokofy, shaking with excitement, rushed to the door to the living room, probably in order to announce, but apparently again changed his mind, returned back and leaned on the shoulder of the young master. – Healthy? Rostov asked, pulling his hand away from him. - Thank God! All thanks to God! just ate now! Let me see you, Your Excellency! - Is everything all right? - Thank God, thank God! Rostov, completely forgetting about Denisov, not wanting to let anyone warn him, threw off his fur coat and ran on tiptoe into a dark, large hall. Everything is the same, the same card tables, the same chandelier in a case; but someone had already seen the young gentleman, and before he had time to run to the living room, something swiftly, like a storm, flew out of the side door and hugged and began to kiss him. Another, third, similar creature jumped out of another, third door; More hugs, more kisses, more cries, more tears of joy. He could not make out where and who is dad, who is Natasha, who is Petya. Everyone was screaming and talking and kissing him at the same time. Only his mother was not among them - he remembered that. - But I didn’t know ... Nikolushka ... my friend! - Here he is ... ours ... My friend, Kolya ... He has changed! No candles! Tea! - Kiss me then! - Darling ... but me. Sonya, Natasha, Petya, Anna Mikhailovna, Vera, the old count, embraced him; and people and maids, having filled the rooms, sentenced and gasped. Petya hung on his feet. - And then me! he shouted. Natasha, after she, having bent him to her, kissed his whole face, jumped away from him and holding on to the floor of his Hungarian, jumped like a goat all in one place and squealed piercingly. From all sides there were tears of joy shining with tears, loving eyes, from all sides there were lips looking for a kiss. Sonya, red as red, also held on to his hand and beamed all over in a blissful look fixed on his eyes, which she was waiting for. Sonya was already 16 years old, and she was very beautiful, especially at this moment of happy, enthusiastic animation. She looked at him, not taking her eyes off, smiling and holding her breath. He looked at her gratefully; but still waiting and looking for someone. The old countess hasn't come out yet. And then there were footsteps at the door. The steps are so fast that they couldn't have been his mother's. But it was she in a new dress, unfamiliar to him, sewn without him. Everyone left him and he ran to her. When they came together, she fell on his chest sobbing. She could not raise her face and only pressed him against the cold laces of his Hungarian coat. Denisov, not noticed by anyone, entered the room, stood right there and, looking at them, rubbed his eyes. “Vasily Denisov, your son’s friend,” he said, introducing himself to the count, who looked at him inquiringly. - Welcome. I know, I know,” said the count, kissing and hugging Denisov. - Nikolushka wrote ... Natasha, Vera, here he is Denisov. The same happy, enthusiastic faces turned to the shaggy figure of Denisov and surrounded him. - My dear, Denisov! - Natasha squealed, beside herself with delight, jumped up to him, hugged and kissed him. Everyone was embarrassed by Natasha's act. Denisov also blushed, but smiled and took Natasha's hand and kissed it. Denisov was taken to the room prepared for him, and the Rostovs all gathered in the sofa near Nikolushka. The old countess, without letting go of his hand, which she kissed every minute, sat next to him; the rest, crowding around them, caught his every movement, word, glance, and did not take their eyes off him with enthusiastic love. The brother and sisters argued and intercepted places from each other closer to him, and fought over who would bring him tea, a handkerchief, a pipe. Rostov was very happy with the love he was shown; but the first minute of his meeting was so blissful that it seemed to him that his present happiness was not enough, and he kept waiting for something more, and more, and more. The next morning the visitors slept off the road until 10 o'clock. In the previous room, sabers, bags, carts, open suitcases, dirty boots were lying around. The cleaned two pairs with spurs had just been placed against the wall. Servants brought washstands hot water shaving and brushed dresses. It smelled of tobacco and men. - Hey, G "bitch, t" ubku! shouted the hoarse voice of Vaska Denisov. - Rostov, get up! Rostov, rubbing his eyes that were stuck together, lifted his tangled head from the hot pillow. - What's late? “It’s late, 10 o’clock,” answered Natasha’s voice, and in the next room there was a rustle of starched dresses, a whisper and laughter of girlish voices, and something blue, ribbons, black hair and cheerful faces flashed through the slightly open door. It was Natasha with Sonya and Petya, who came to see if he got up. - Nicholas, get up! Natasha's voice was heard again at the door. - Now! At this time, Petya, in the first room, seeing and grabbing sabers, and experiencing the delight that boys experience at the sight of a warlike older brother, and forgetting that it is indecent for sisters to see undressed men, opened the door. - Is that your sword? he shouted. The girls jumped back. Denisov, with frightened eyes, hid his shaggy legs in a blanket, looking around for help at his comrade. The door let Petya through and closed again. There was laughter outside the door. - Nikolenka, come out in a dressing gown, - Natasha's voice said. - Is that your sword? Petya asked, “or is it yours?” - with obsequious respect he turned to the mustachioed, black Denisov. Rostov hurriedly put on his shoes, put on a dressing gown and went out. Natasha put on one boot with a spur and climbed into the other. Sonya was spinning and just wanted to inflate her dress and sit down when he came out. Both were in the same, brand new, blue dresses - fresh, ruddy, cheerful. Sonya ran away, and Natasha, taking her brother by the arm, led him into the sofa room, and they started talking. They did not have time to ask each other and answer questions about thousands of little things that could interest only them alone. Natasha laughed at every word that he said and that she said, not because what they said was funny, but because she had fun and was unable to restrain her joy, expressed in laughter.
The World History. Volume 3 Age of Iron Badak Alexander Nikolaevich
Ancient Indian epic. Mahabharata and Ramayana
In the Vedic period, the history of ancient India is the formation of epic creativity. The epic poems are written monuments and are one of the most important and significant sources on the history and culture of ancient India in the first half of the 1st millennium BC. e. Epic poems have been compiled and edited over many centuries, they also reflect the phenomena of the Vedic era. The main epic monuments of ancient India include the poems "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana". These late Vedic works of literature are enormous in size, heterogeneous in composition and varied in content.
Truth, fiction and allegory are intertwined in both works. It is believed that the Mahabharata was created by the sage Vyas, and the Ramayana by Valmiki. However, in the form in which these creations have come down to us, they cannot belong to any one author and do not belong to the same century in time of creation. The modern form of these great epic poems is the result of numerous and continuous additions and changes.
The largest in size is the Mahabharata, it is 8 times larger than the combined Odyssey and Iliad. Due to the richness and variety of content, it is called the encyclopedia of ancient Indian life. The Mahabharata contains a wealth of material on economic and social development, government and forms of political organization, rights, customs and culture. Of particular value are information of a cosmological and religious nature, philosophical and ethical content. All this information reflects the process of the emergence of Indian philosophy and religion, the addition of the fundamental features of Hinduism, the cult of the gods Shiva and Vishnu. In general, the Mahabharata reflected the stage of development of ancient Indian society, associated with the strengthening of the Kshatriya class and their struggle with the Brahmins for a leading position in society.
The plot basis of the Mahabharata (Great War of the Bharata Descendants) is the struggle for power within the royal family of Kuru, who ruled Hastinapur. The Kuru clan was one of the most powerful in Northern India, descended from Bharata, a king from the Lunar dynasty. In this clan were two brothers Dhritarashtra - the eldest and Pandu - the youngest. Each had a family and children.
The sons of Pandu were called Pandavas (descendants of Pandu), and the sons of Dhritarashtra were called Kauravas, since he was the eldest in the family and the family name passed to him.
Panda was the ruler, because due to a physical defect - blindness, Dhritarashtra could not occupy the throne. Panda dies, leaving young heirs. This is used by the sons of Dhritarashtra, who wanted to destroy the Pandavas and establish their power. However, certain circumstances did not allow them to do this, and the Kauravas were forced to cede part of the kingdom to their cousins.
However, the Kauravas do not give up their idea to deal with the Pandavas and thus deprive them of part of their inheritance. They go to various tricks. The Kauravas challenged the Pandavas to a game of dice, which at that time was a kind of duel that was not customary to refuse. Kshatriyas had such peculiar duels to sort things out, where they measured their strengths, abilities, and determined their position. As a result of several rounds of the game, the Pandavas lost all their wealth and, based on the conditions of the game, their part of the kingdom passed to the Kauravas, and they were forced to go into exile for thirteen years in the forests.
At the end of this period, the Pandavas demanded their share of the kingdom, but Duryodhan, the eldest of the Kauravas, refused them. This led to internecine warfare, the fate of which was decided by the famous battle on the plain of Kurukshetra. The battle was fierce, bloody and lasted eighteen days. Almost all Kauravas were killed. Yudhishthira, the eldest of the Pandavas, became the king of Hastinapura. After some time, the Pandavas renounced worldly life and transferred their power to Parikshit, the grandson of Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers.
The "Mahabharata" includes a religious and philosophical treatise - "Gita" or "Bhagavad Gita" ("Song of God"), which was Krishna's teaching to Arjuna. During the battle on the plain of Kurukshetra, Arjuna hesitated to take up arms against his relatives. The fact is that according to the ideas of that era, regardless of the reason, the murder of relatives and friends was considered a sin and was subjected to the strictest ban.
Lord Krishna gave a commandment explaining to Arjuna that he is a kshatriya and the duty of a kshatriya is to fight and kill the enemy, that he is deluded into thinking that in the battle he kills his relatives. The soul is eternal, nothing can kill or destroy it. If you fight and win, you will gain kingdom and happiness, if you die in battle, you will reach heaven. Krishna showed the bewildered Arjuna the right way to combine his interests with duty, contrary to these interests. Then Krishna explained his divine mission to him. The Gita touches on many issues that are of a universal nature. She is the most popular piece Indian thought and occupies a place of honor in world literature.
Samples of bronze (left) and stone (center and right) sculpture. Harappan culture.
In terms of size and historical data, the Ramayana (The Tale of Rama) is inferior to the Mahabharata, although it is distinguished by a greater harmony of composition and better editing.
The plot of the Ramayana is based on the life story of Rama, the ideal son and the ideal ruler. In Ayodhya there was a ruler, Dasaratha, who had four sons from three wives. In old age, he appoints his eldest son Rama as his successor (novaraja), who surpassed his brothers in intelligence, strength, courage, courage and nobility. But his stepmother Kaikain opposed this, she seeks the appointment of her son Bharat as the heir, and Rama leaves the country for fourteen years in exile. With his wife Sita and younger brother Lakshman, he retired to the forests. Saddened by this event, Dasaratha dies, Bharata renounced the throne, but before the return of Rama, he agreed to rule the country.
During the wanderings of Rama, Ravana - the king of Rakshas (demons) and the lord of Lanka (Ceylon) kidnapped Sita. This led to a long war between Rama and Ravana. In the end, Ravana was killed, Sita was released, and Rama, whose exile had expired, returns with Sita to Ayodhya and takes the throne. Some in Ayodhya questioned the purity of Sita, Rama banishes her, she retires to the cell of rishi Valmiki, where she gives birth to two boys, Lava and Kusha. Rama later recognizes them as his sons and heirs.
Possessing historical and literary value, the poems "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata" have become a national treasure of the Indian people, who, in difficult periods of their history, found moral support and support in them. These poems serve as a guide in the field of laws and morals. The moral image of the characters in these works has become an example for many generations of Hindus.
From the book latest book facts. Volume 3 [Physics, chemistry and technology. History and archeology. Miscellaneous] author Kondrashov Anatoly Pavlovich
From the book King of the Slavs. author
4. "Ancient"-Indian epic Mahabharata about Christ building a water pipe For a detailed analysis of the Mahabharata, see our book "The New Chronology of India". Here we will touch on only one isolated plot - how the construction of the water pipeline by Andronicus-Christ was reflected in
From the book Reconstruction of True History author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
From the book Reconstruction of True History author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
34. Cossack-arias: from Russia to India, Epic Mahabharata Above we mentioned the famous "ancient" Indian Epic Mahabharata. Here is a summary of our research results. The epic draws heavily on the Bible. It was created in the era of the XIV-XVI centuries and finally edited
From the book History of the Ancient East author Lyapustin Boris Sergeevich
Ancient Indian epic The process of settlement of the Indo-Aryan tribes in Hindustan was finally completed in the Mauryan era. The central events of the ancient Indian epic date back to the late Vedic era. But it was in the Gupta period that the text of the two
author Vasiliev Leonid Sergeevich
Rama and Ramayana Rama is the hero of the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. This classical epic took shape in its completed written form several centuries before our era and became widely used, became one of the foundations of Indian culture during the formation of Hinduism at the beginning of our era.
From the book History of the Religions of the East author Vasiliev Leonid Sergeevich
Legends and myths. Mahabharata Legends and myths have firmly entered the life of every Indian, becoming an important part of Hinduism. From epic tales of a wide plan, in addition to the Ramayana, Indians know the Mahabharata, the great story of the battle of gods and heroes. This is a legend of great volume with
author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
Part 1 When were the famous epics "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" created and what do they tell about? 7:8, in the section "Problems of the Scaligerian chronology of India", we point out the fact that the chronology of ancient and
From the book Cossacks-arias: From Russia to India [Battle of Kulikovo in the Mahabharata. "Ship of Fools" and the rebellion of the Reformation. Veles book. New dates of the zodiacs. Ireland author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
2.1. Mahabharata It is believed that “Mahabharata is a grandiose epic of ancient India, which took shape about 2500 years ago. The plot of the epic is the tragic struggle of two kindred royal dynasties of the Pandavas and Kauravas. On this plot basis strung a huge number
From the book Cossacks-arias: From Russia to India [Battle of Kulikovo in the Mahabharata. "Ship of Fools" and the rebellion of the Reformation. Veles book. New dates of the zodiacs. Ireland author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
2.2. Ramayana Let's move on to the Ramayana. The Encyclopedic Dictionary states: “Ramayana is an ancient Indian epic poem in Sanskrit. Attributed to the legendary poet Valmiki. It acquired its modern form by the 2nd century. n. e. Dedicated to the exploits of Rama. Source of plots and images of many
From the book Cossacks-arias: From Russia to India [Battle of Kulikovo in the Mahabharata. "Ship of Fools" and the rebellion of the Reformation. Veles book. New dates of the zodiacs. Ireland author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
3. Famous arias, which are told by the Mahabharata and Ramayana, came to the Hindustan peninsula from the north. These are the Cossacks-Horde XIV
From the book Cossacks-arias: From Russia to India [Battle of Kulikovo in the Mahabharata. "Ship of Fools" and the rebellion of the Reformation. Veles book. New dates of the zodiacs. Ireland author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
3.1. The “Legend of Rama” or “Small Ramayana” as part of the “Mahabharata” speaks of the colonization of India by the Aryans. The fact that the “ancient” Aryans = Yurii = ardent came to the Hindustan peninsula from the north is reported by historians themselves. B.L. Smirnov sums up the research on this subject in the following way:
From the book King of the Slavs author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich
4. "ANCIENT"-INDIAN EPO MAHABHARATA ABOUT CHRIST BUILDING A WATER PIPE For a detailed analysis of the Mahabharata, see our book "Cossack-arias: from Russia to India". Here we will touch on only one isolated plot - how the construction of the water pipeline by Andronicus-Christ was reflected in
From the book Ancient East author
Epic Literature of Ancient India. "Mahabharata" Like many literatures of the world, ancient Indian literature has its own epic, glorifying the "heroic era" of Indian history. The ancient Indian epic is represented by two large poems composed in antiquity, but extremely
From the book Ancient East author Nemirovsky Alexander Arkadievich
"Ramayana" The second epic poem - "Ramayana" - tells about the exploits of King Rama. Forced into exile from his father's house, Rama lived in a secluded forest retreat with his wife Sita. The demon Ravana, the ruler of Lanka, heard about her beauty. Demon accepted
From the book General History of the Religions of the World author Karamazov Voldemar Danilovich
"Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" A serious role in the development of the religious doctrine of Hinduism belongs to Indian epic works - the poems "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana". What was originally formed and transmitted as local legends was eventually written down and
“Our Slavic language is the language
primeval world, antiquity immemorial.
“The history of the Slavic languages is the history
their two thousand years of distortion,
waste and oblivion, and despite this,
these remnants are still exact, definitive
and in some places reveal a reasonable construction
the most educated human speech in the world.
It is known that for a long time the masses of the people, both in Russia and India, have not been very strict in choosing a groom or bride (as long as they are healthy and have offspring). But in the clans of hereditary Knights and Priests, the Commandments of RITA are observed quite strictly. True, in Russia they are practically exterminated, but in India the situation is different.
Look at the photos of Indian Sikh Knights. If you remove the “Indian entourage” from them - clothes unusual for the Russian eye and a strong skin tan, and change into a Cossack uniform or military camouflage - you will get completely Slavic Cossack Warriors.
The same can be said about the Hindu Brahmins. If you remove orange clothes from the 16 people shown in the photo and wash off the symbols of Shaivism from their faces, and change into white clothes of the Magi, then only in three you recognize the Hindu brothers, the rest will not differ in any way from the Russian brothers.
In order not to ignore the beautiful half of humanity, I suggest taking a look at the photos of the Aryan Beauties. One of them is from Russia, the other is from India (the actress who played in the Mahabharata 2013 - the sister of Krishna, who became the wife of Arjuna). But if the Beauties are dressed the other way around, or dressed in the same national clothes (at least Russian, at least Hindu), then even the most captious critic will have to admit that if, indeed, they are not twins, then at least they are sisters.
I hope, dear readers, that you appreciated the wise plan of the Native Gods - to hide the Mahabharata under the "Indian entourage". He did his part to save! The Mahabharata is intact! The wisest servants of the dark forces at the beginning of the last century sensed the threat of the revival of the World Slavic-Aryan Power and struck a preemptive blow, discrediting the Aryan Idea with the help of the misanthropic policy of A. Hitler.
They played off in a fratricidal war two Slavic-Aryan peoples - German and Russian. And the next Mahabharata thundered, the outcome of which was again a foregone conclusion in the Battle of Kursk (Kurukshetra) in 1943. At the same time, the servants of darkness managed to discredit the Slavic-Aryan national symbols, which carry the Images and Power of the Native Gods.
A couple of years ago, they tried to declare the Mahabharata “extremist literature”, banning its publication and distribution in Russia, but by the Will of the Native Gods and the efforts of honest people (including Hindu brothers) this was prevented. If the Mahabharata were recognized as “extremist literature” and banned in Russia, then all Vaishnava brothers (Krishnaites) would instantly turn into “an international extremist organization with a centralized management structure and a clear distribution of roles.”
Moreover, the entire fraternal Indian people would be surprised to learn that it is a “multinational extremist community that promotes the ideas of extremism (Mahabharata) and Nazi symbols (swasti-asta - an Indian symbol of goodness, happiness and prosperity), as well as symbols of confusingly similar to it.
But, Glory to the Ancestor and the Native Gods-Ancestors, since 2012 the Morning of Svarog began and the ban on the Mahabharata will have to be postponed by some people for about 10,000 years, and during this time, as Khoja Nasreddin said: “Either the Shah or the donkey will die” .
To finally convince you, dear readers, that the Mahabharata is the greatest annalistic monument of Cultural Heritage Ancient Russia, only one thing remains - to bring to your attention the text of this epic, from the original Slavic-Aryan images of which the "Indian make-up" was removed. I hope that after reading all your doubts will completely disappear.
Since the full text of the Mahabharata consists of 200 thousand lines of poems collected in 18 books, I bring to your attention only a small part of this epic, translated into Russian by the poet S.I. Lipkin. This translation was published in a book Reading this book is a real pleasure, as it is one of the best Russian verse translations of the Mahabharata in the world.
But what about the “make-up” from the “variegated Indian flavor”? With the version of the text offered to you for reading, it has been removed. Two years ago, a section of the site appeared in the heading of the Mahabharata in the translation of S.I. Lipkin. In it, the terminology of Hinduism was replaced by Slavic-Aryan images.
This was done with the utmost respect for the poetic work of S.I. Lipkin (the style, rhyme and rhythm of the poems are preserved). After reading this version, the readers of the site asked to amend not only the text of the Bhagavad Gita, but also the entire text of the Mahabharata, translated by S.I. Lipkin, so that the images of the Mahabharata become the most acceptable for the perception of the “uniquely mysterious Russian Soul”.
One of the most sensible like-minded people immediately warned that the most difficult task would be to explain to readers the meaning of the ancient Sanskrit names of the heroes of the story, which are unusual for modern Russian perception. He stated honestly and bluntly: “As long as the “tricky” Hindu names “scratch” the eyes of the reader and the ears of the listening Russian, until then it will not be possible to convince anyone that all the events described took place in Ancient Russia, and not in India.
There was a lot to think about. After all, the text “no Indian makeup” with the “correct” images was almost completed. But, the names of the heroes of the story, not deciphered at that time, after such a critical remark, seemed to be an insurmountable obstacle to its publication. It was clear that these names were given to the heroes 5,000 years ago, when no one spoke the modern Russian language, because in Russia everyone used Old Slovenian, and in its province - Dravidia (India), its simplified form - Sanskrit.
I had (to the best of my ability) to study Sanskrit and the Old Slovenian language. This made it possible to additionally make sure that the Mahabharata is the greatest annalistic monument of the Cultural Heritage of Ancient Russia. A lot of previously hidden meaning was revealed both in the Native Speech and in Sanskrit. The study of the basics of the Native Speech lasted almost a year. An overview of what we managed to learn is presented to you, dear readers, and the article by Pravdoslav Part 1. and Part 2. But deciphering the meaning of the names of the heroes of the Mahabharata progressed with great difficulty.
A great help in understanding the images and the inner meaning of the Old Slovenian language and Sanskrit was provided by research ,
The soul of which deserves the sincere blessing of giving descendants. Quotes from his books became the epigraph to this part of the article. May his Soul be healthy and joyful in Heavenly Russia! These books are now available to you, dear readers, as they are published on the website under the heading
An invaluable contribution to the understanding of the Primordial Runic Images of the Old Slovenian language was also made by Pater Diy (Head) of the Old Russian Church of Orthodox Old Believers, Fr. Alexander. The information they teach in lectures of the Asgard Spiritual School formed the basis of two books and with the help of which the essence of the Old Slovenian language and Sanskrit, created on its basis, was revealed. These two books are now also available for you, dear readers, on the website under the heading
Great help in understanding Sanskrit was provided by the works of Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the TSSR B.L. Smirnov, in particular, his Academic translation by B.L. Smirnov, who devoted more than half of his life to this, is considered one of the highest quality. Mahabharata books translated by B.L. Smirnov are offered to your attention on the website under the heading
But the greatest clarity in understanding the essence of the Slavic-Aryan Images of the Mahabharata was brought Vedaman Vedagor with your book "The blasphemers of Finist - the Bright Falcon of Russia". This book made it possible to take a fresh look at the world, gain sanity, and, with its help, go beyond the "formal everyday" worldview, which "strangles" any manifestations of freethinking in the grip of its clichés and stereotypes.
On the basis of all of the above and with the blessing of the Native Gods-Ancestors, the realization came that the names of the heroes of the Mahabharata are not proper names (personal), they are common nouns. This conjecture was confirmed by the fact that even in the last 100 years, the people gave common names to their heroes and prominent public figures, and earlier - even more so! After all, our Ancestors knew the sacred meaning of personal names and always kept them secret, revealing it only to the closest people. Until now, the Old Believers, when giving names, voice communal names and hide spiritual names, so that none of the black magicians could harm the Souls of these people, inspiring negative thoughts or forcing them to undesirable actions.
Confidence in the correctness of the conclusions made was also reinforced by the fact that the text of the Mahabharata itself is replete with epithets that the characters use when addressing each other, or speaking about someone: “Oh, the Powerful Lefty (Arjuna)”, “Oh, the Clear-faced Goddess” , “Oh Son of the Heavenly River”, “Oh Divine Archer”, etc.
Before offering you the text of the Mahabharata for reading, it should be explained why, when restoring the Slavic-Aryan images, some letters were replaced in the words written in Sanskrit and previously left unchanged by B.L. Smirnov and S.I. Lipkin. These esteemed authors sincerely believed that they were translating the Indian epic, so they simply did not think about any Slavic-Aryan images.
In our case, it was main goal. I had to remember the usual rules of native speech, according to which many letters in words are interchangeable, for example, “s” and “z”, “g” and “sh”, “g” and “k”, “k” and “x” etc. This had to be done because the local residents of Dravidia (India), to whom our Slavic-Aryan Ancestors granted Sanskrit, were not native speakers of the Old Slovenian language. They were carriers of their native speech, psycho-energetically corresponding to their genotype, lifestyle, culture and traditions, which is quite natural.
Our Ancestral Gods were foreigners for them, whose psycho-energetic thought-images they did not understand, but simply memorized the external sound of words and their corresponding concepts. They pronounced these words, like all foreigners, with an accent, in accordance with the articulatory properties of their native speech. Therefore, they needed Sanskrit as a simplified form of the Old Slovenian language. It is not necessary to go far for an illustrative example. The whole world knows what the Hindu brothers did with the classic pronunciation of the English language. Even the Americans (also world-famous distorters of the correct English pronunciation) did not get that far.
For those readers who are not impressed by this example, I will give another. Remember with what a strong accent representatives of the Caucasian peoples pronounce words and phrases in Russian. At the same time, none of the Russian people is surprised, realizing that such a pronunciation corresponds to the articulatory properties of Caucasian speech.
That is why the native Russian speakers, having set themselves the goal of restoring the native Slavic-Aryan images imprinted in the Mahabharata, have the opportunity to do this by replacing interchangeable letters in words so that these “hidden” in “incomprehensible packaging” images come to life again and shine with their own original meaning.
Now, dear readers, you yourself will have to draw a conclusion about how well the “camouflage” of “Indian variegation” has been removed from the Slavic-Aryan images of the Mahabharata. To do this, you can compare, in which the Mahabharata, translated by S.I. Lipkin printed in the original author's version, with the version of the epic that is offered to your attention.
THE LEGEND ABOUT THE SON OF THE RIVER RA, ABOUT THE FISHING WOMAN SATYAVATI AND KING SANTANA.
Book one, chapters 91 - 100.
Explanation of the ancient Slavic-Aryan images.
The explanation of the images encountered in this chapter is not given in alphabetical order, but for the convenience of assimilation of their meaning - in the order of their appearance in the text of the chapter.
Mahabhish. In accordance with the Symphonic Sanskrit-Russian Explanatory Dictionary of the Mahabharata of Academician B.L. Smirnov (hereinafter, for brevity - SSRTSM B.L. Smirnova or simply - SSRTSM) the translation is as follows: "Terrible", "Terrible"; the name of the Raja.
We replace the letter "x" with "g". Eliminating this charm (), we get Mahabgish, or rather, Maha Bgisha. Maha: Sweeping, Broad, Majestic. Bgisha: Godisha, Godishness, Goddess. We get a common noun: "The Majestic God". Now it is clear why in translation from Sanskrit he is “Terrible”, “Terrible”. Because he is not just a God in the flesh, but a Divine Warrior, the mere thought of a conflict with which causes panic fear.
Rajah. This image is explained Vedaman Vedagor in "The blasphemer of Finist - the Bright Falcon of Russia".
The word "Raja" is a distorted word "Ryadche": police officer, organizer, manager, i.e. Specific Prince, Viceroy of the Tsar.
Indra. According to SSRTSM: “God, standing at the head of the gods of the second circle (middle, air space). Its main manifestation is the fight against evil spirits, which it disperses with thunderous arrows. Initially, this is the national God of the Aryan Tribe. He is the legendary father of Arjuna. Figuratively: the first of its kind, the head, the king.
Indra in accordance with :
And - Izhei - Truth (True Life of Being), N - We (Our), D - Good (Wealth, Power), R - Retsi (Saying), A - As (Az - God in a humanoid body). Combined image: "Our mighty God in a humanoid body, speaking the Truth." God Indra is the King of the Gods of the world Glory. Note. ed.
Rite of the Slaughter of the Horse were performed by the Vedunas, who possessed the power of incarnating the spirit of the animal for further evolution in the human kingdom of Nature. The strength of the horse was bestowed upon the Gods. This rite was used by kings to receive the Blessing of the Gods to prolong the family, to win the war and for other purposes.
Ra River. It has been explained above that Ra is the Primordial Light of the Progenitor, a manifestation of His Male Aspect. But, why Ra River is a Goddess, i.e. manifestation of His Feminine Aspect? In accordance with and "The blasphemers of Finist - the Clear Falcon of Russia»
Ra Light of the Progenitor - Ramkhi, having separated from Him, turned into a Stream of Zhivatmas - Living Atomic Self-luminous Particles of Ramkhi - the true "I" of all living beings. But Zhivatmas, in accordance with many Vedic Primary Sources, are a manifestation of the Feminine Aspect of the Progenitor.
Thus, Ra Light, having separated from Ramha, turned into the Stream of Zhivatmas - the Female Life-Giving Hypostasis of the Most High. This Light separated from Ramkhi Ra is called by some followers of the Vedic Faith of the Ancestors Mother Sva, others - by Inglia, others - by Shakti, which, in fact, is one. Accordingly, Ra River is the Flow of Zhivatmas, Ynglia or Shakti. In the world of Glory to Ra, the River is manifested as the Beautiful Life-Giving Goddess.
Pratipa. According to SSRTSM: “Meeting”, “Opposing”, the name of the king”.
Let's reveal the figurative meaning of the word Pratipa: P - peace, Ra - Primordial Light, Type - Tip (it does not hurt to beat in order to force the right thoughts, words, actions -). More detailed images: Ti - You, Pa - Pater, Head, in everyday life - dad. We put the images together: the First Ancestor, the Head of the Family, manifesting Ra the Light of the Supreme Progenitor, who belongs to the righteous type of people living according to the Pra (Primordial) Vedas, i.e. The righteous, calling (typing, forcing) everyone around him to this. Now the translation from Sanskrit becomes clear: “Meeting Ra Light”, “Opposing sinners”.
Vasu. According to SSRTSM: "Vasu - "good", "rich", the name of one of the classes of the Gods.
The figurative meaning of the word Vasu: V - Vedas, As (Az) - God of the world Glory embodied in the world of Reveal, U - Stand (Kon). We put the images together: Knowing Gods of the world Glory, adherents of Kon (Stand) - the Primordial Commandments of the Progenitor. Now it is clear why They are good and rich. It is not difficult to guess that the current proper name "Vasya" used to be a common noun. To the question: "Who are you?" often the answer could be: “I am Vasu”, i.e. Knowing As, honoring Ustoy (Kon) I am.
ganga. According to SSRTSM: “Ganga is the name of a sacred river in India. Shiva brought her down from Heaven to Earth (Heavenly Ganga - Milky Way) for the benefit of people. So that the Ganga, falling, does not destroy the Earth, Shiva took her fall on his shoulders.
Consider the images contained in this word: Ga - path, movement, H - We (we, ours). Ganga is the second name of the Ra River, i.e. the flow of Ra Light (Englia, Shakti), which connects us with the Progenitor by the Spiritual Force. Taking into account the fact that the Ancestors knew this, "Ganga" means "Our Spiritual Path to the Progenitor."
Our river Volga (Woli Ga - Free Way or Stream of Will) in Vedic Russia was called Ganga. But her original name-Ra River. The Supreme God Siva (Shiva, Perun) paved the way for her from Heavenly Svarga ( Milky Way) - the World of Rule, through the world of Glory - to the world of Reveal, having streamlined, with the help of the Power of Perun, the movement of Its flow through the three worlds: Rule, Glory and Reveal. You can read more about this in or watch the video.
The amazing structure of the Mahabharata, with all the variety of elements that poured into it, forms an artistic whole, which had a huge impact on all later literature in ancient and New Indian languages, and partly on the literature of neighboring countries. So for example. the Persian poet Dzhelaluddin Rumi retells the parable mentioned above about the "man in the well".
The plot of the Mahabharata has a twofold effect on European literature. On the one hand, in European folklore it is possible to establish a filiation of the fables and parables of the Mahabharata, through Arabic-Jewish didactic literature influencing book Christian didactics. The ways of this transmission of plots are not entirely clear, the most probable is the presence of a number of intermediate links and common sources, and in some cases the possibility of a polygenesis of such plots is not ruled out. On the other hand, at the beginning of the XIX century. the assimilation of the Mahabharata by European literatures begins through the translations of Bang, Ruckert, Zhukovsky, Gubernatis, etc. If the huge structure of the epic remained insufficiently mastered as a whole, then individual fragments (like Nal and Damayanti, Savitri, etc.) entered the treasury of the world literature.
Indian literary tradition considers the Mahabharata a single work, and its authorship is attributed to the legendary sage Krishna-Dvaipayana Vyasa.
Mahabharata is a truly unique phenomenon in the literary history of not only India, but the whole world. It is enough to remember its volume. The Mahabharata in its current form contains 100,000 slokas (couples). Therefore, it is the largest literary work known to mankind. The following comparison will certainly help to imagine its enormous volume. The Mahabharata is eight times larger than the Iliad and Odyssey combined; it is larger than all the epics in European languages combined. Even more striking is the information of tradition about the different types of Mahabharata given in the epic itself. It is said that the great Vyasa created the Mbh, consisting of six million slokas. Of these six million, three million are narrated among the gods, one and a half million among the ancestors, one million four hundred thousand slokas among the Gandharvas, and the remaining one hundred thousand slokas are for humans. If we ignore the mythical character of the tradition, then, no doubt, it contains some
indications of the history of the Mahabharata text. Based on this tradition, it can be safely assumed that throughout the long history of the Mahabharata, the literary activity of the creators of the epic manifested itself in its reduction, then in its expansion. In this regard, I would like to draw attention to another remarkable feature of the Mahabharata. Despite its gigantic volume, this epic poem does not give the impression of randomness and variegation. Without dwelling on the literary merits of the Mahabharata, it can be said with confidence that on closer acquaintance this epic work as a whole turns out to be a surprisingly proportionate and harmonious structure.
However, not only the grandiosity of the volume makes the Mahabharata one of a kind. Its content is also unique in many respects. Even an unprepared reader of the Mahabharata strikes with its encyclopedic nature. We can say that it contains almost all the knowledge of that time about religion, mythology, laws, ethics, philosophy, the art of government and warfare, history, ethnography. The Mahabharata is a very complete historical account of the long period of India's past, written with an excellent understanding of the lives of men and women of all walks of life. An epic with truly cinematic precision, frame by frame unfolds before us living picture cultural life of Indians for several centuries. No one expressed himself more eloquently about this “Indianness” of the epic than the comprehensively competent German Indologist Herman Oldenberg, who owns the words: “The single soul of India and the soul of each Indian separately breathe in the Mahabharata.” Therefore, Mbh can be called the national saga of India in its most complete sense of the word. There is nothing surprising in the fact that the Indians elevated their epic to the rank of the fifth Veda, thereby recognizing it as the same sacred authority as the four Vedas. This obviously means that in reality the Mahabharata is of greater importance than all the Vedas and others sacred books of India.
The pathos of the Mahabharata is not limited to the borders of one India, one people, it has truly acquired a universal, universal sound. And a careful study of the Mahabharata convinces us that this statement is not an exaggeration. Truly, the Mahabharata is a wonderful testimony to the collective conscious, unconscious and subconscious in man. Perhaps there is no such human thought and feeling that is not captured in the epic; there is not a single conceivable situation of human life that is not described in the epic. Perhaps the most amazing feature of the Mahabharata is that any reader finds lines that seem to be addressed directly to him. In this sense, the Mahabharata belongs not only to Indians, but to all the people of the Earth.
The author of the epic never loses sight of the underlying conflict. The enmity between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, which is the central theme of the poem, is not, according to Dahlman, historically reliable. Otherwise, Indian history would certainly have preserved traces of this enmity in one way or another. It seems that the author set himself exclusively didactic goals, i. wanted to portray the conflict between good and evil and show that good eventually triumphs over evil.
In the history of ancient Indian literature, we can thus trace the development of two major literary traditions. One of them, the tradition of mantras, very quickly consolidated due to, so to speak, its openly religious-priestly content and, accordingly, quickly acquired a fixed literary form. The sut tradition, on the contrary, remained “fluid” for a long time, perhaps because its keepers did not find such a central plot or corresponding literary core that would be able to unite all the diversity of its elements around itself. However, over time, such a plot, which made it possible to unify and combine epic material, appeared. It was the most important event in the history of ancient India. As a result of the famous Vedic “battle of ten kings”, the Bharat clan gained certain power over other states and principalities created by both the Aryans and the indigenous population. The offspring of this powerful clan probably reigned supreme over a large part of northern India until the 13th - 12th centuries. BC, until at first glance, an insignificant "family" strife did not hang like a menacing cloud on the political horizon of the whole country. The history of the conflict between the Kauravas and their Pandava cousins is too well known to be repeated here. The conflict arose due to the fact that the Pandavas began to claim part of the kingdom of Hastinapura, in which the blind king Dhritarashtra ruled. Due to the high position of the Bharata house in political life In India at that time, the usual family strife soon acquired the proportions of a national disaster. The kings and leaders of the whole country were divided into two warring camps, depending on who they were loyal to. The epic battle took place on the famous field of Kurukshetra. The battle lasted only eighteen days, but these days shook the whole country. Both armies, the flower of Indian youth, perished in this field. In the end, the victory went to the Pandavas, and the war was rightly called the war of the Bharatas.
INTRODUCTION
Whatever happens in the world, and whatever this world is, the story of Vyasa tells that there is a world. Remember that life is the result of your actions. Today we say goodbye to you with respect and love ... " Mahabharata, the final word
"MAHABHARATA" - INDIAN "BOOK OF KINGS" "Mahabharata" is one of the largest literary works in the world, along with the Tibetan "Poem about Geser" and the Kyrgyz epic about Manas. The book is a complex but organic complex of epic narratives, short stories, fables, parables, legends, lyrical-didactic dialogues, didactic reasoning of theological, political, legal nature, cosmogonic myths, genealogies, hymns, laments, united in the typical way for large forms of Indian literature. framing principle, contains more than 100,000 couplets, which is four times the length of the Bible and seven times the length of the Iliad and Odyssey combined. The Mahabharata is the source of many plots and images developed in the literatures of the peoples of South and Southeast Asia. In Indian tradition it is considered the "fifth Veda". One of the few works of world literature, which claims that it has everything in the world.
Researchers believe that the Mahabharata was based on legends about real events that took place in Northern India in the late Vedic period: in the war between the unions of the Kuru and Panchala tribes, which ended in the victory of the Panchalas. The genealogies of the rulers make it possible to date the battle to the 11th century. BC e .. Later astronomical calculations of Indian medieval authors give a date of 3102 BC. e.
ABOUT MAHABHARATA Translated into Russian, the word Mahabharata means "The Great Legend of the Descendants of Bharata", or "The Legend of the Great Battle of the Bharatas". "Mahabharata" - a heroic poem, a kind of "Book of Kings" of ancient India, consisting of 18 books, or parv. In the form of an appendix, she has another 19th book - "Harivansha", i.e. "The Pedigree of Hari". In the Russian version of the Mahabharata, edited by Academician A.P. Barannikov, which began to appear in the USSR in 1950, the monument contains over a hundred thousand shlokas, or couplets, and is eight times larger than Homer's Iliad and Odyssey taken together.
According to the monument itself, in addition to the current complete edition of the Mahabharata, there was also the original - a short edition of this poem, consisting of twenty-four thousand slokas. This edition sets out the main story of the epic, which is dedicated to the history of irreconcilable enmity between the Kauravas and the Pandavas - the sons of the two brothers Dhritarashtra and Pandu. Into this enmity and the strife caused by it, according to the legend, numerous peoples and tribes of India, northern and southern, are gradually involved. It ends in a terrible, bloody battle, in which almost all participants on both sides die. Those who won at such a high cost unite the country under their rule. Thus, the main idea of the main story is the unity of India and further peace and mercy.
The Indian literary tradition considers the Mahabharata to be a single work, and its authorship is attributed to the legendary sage Krishna-Dvaipayana Vyasa. According to the Mahabharata scripture, Vyasa, the author of the story, is the son of the beautiful Satyavati, the daughter of the king of fishermen, by the wandering sage Parasara. Vyasa is revered not only as a contemporary, but also as a close relative of the heroes of the Mahabharata.
Screen adaptation of the Mahabharata Year of release: 1988, country: India, genre: drama, duration: 19:05:18, translation: monophonic, there are subtitles in English. Directed by: Ravi Chopra. Cast: Gajendra Chouhan, Arjun, Praveen Kumar, Sameer, Sanjeev, Nitish Bharadwaj, Puneet Issar. Plot: based on the plot of the series "Mahabharata" original text Indian epic of the same name, which is a complex of epic narratives, short stories, fables, parables, legends, didactic reasoning of theological, political, legal nature, myths and genealogies. The plot of the epic is a story about a feud between two dynasties claiming the throne, which lasted 18 years. At one time, the series was so popular in India that during the hours of the next episodes, the train schedule was even changed, as passengers refused to travel during broadcasts. Quality: TeleCine, format: AVI, video codec: DivX, frame size: 528x400 pixel, frame rate: 29.97 fps, video bitrate: 459 kbps.
MAHABHARATA COLLECTION ON YOUTUBE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APMHgimC8JM
SUMMARY OF THE MAHABHARATA The kingdom of Hastinapura is dominated by King Dhritarashtra. He was born blind. His younger brother Pandu, who ruled the kingdom in his place, retired with his two wives to hermitage in the Himalayas. Dhritarashtra had one hundred sons and one daughter by his wife Gandhari. The eldest among them was Duryodhana, cunning and power-hungry. Pandu had five sons who were born to his wives by various demigods. After the death of Pandu and his wife Madri, who went to his funeral pyre, the sons of Pandu are taken under the care of their uncle - Dhritarashtra - and are brought up together with his sons. All cousins study military science under the famous Brahmin Drona.
With their remarkable achievements in the sciences and martial arts, the Pandavas (sons of Pandu) arouse the envy and hatred of the Kauravas (sons of Dhritarashtra). Duryodhana plots to destroy the Pandavas without neglecting any means, but his attempts are always unsuccessful. Finally, Duryodhana obtains the deportation of the Pandavas on a plausible pretext to the city of Varanavata, where a tar house was built for them. Warned about this, the Pandavas, along with their mother Kunti, escape from the house through an underground passage. But everyone considers them dead.
Meanwhile, the Pandavas roam the dense forests, experiencing various adventures. On the advice of the Gandharva Chitraratha, they choose a domestic initiate who becomes their mentor. At this time, Drupada, the king of the northern Panchalas, arranges a solemn assembly for the marriage of his daughter Draupadi-Krishna. Tsars and princes gathered from all sides, and the bride herself must choose a groom from the circle of applicants and lay a wreath on him. King Drupada tests suitors with a bow. Whoever draws a tight bow and hits the target will receive the bride's hand. But all the kings and princes try in vain: none of them can bend the stiff bow. Then Arjuna enters the arena disguised as a brahmin. He draws his bow in an instant and pierces the target. Draupadi lays a wreath on him and by law must become his wife.
Having become related to Drupada, the Pandavas acquire in him a strong ally. King Dhritarashtra, who considered the Pandavas dead, learns about everything that happened and, at the insistence of advisers, divides the kingdom between the Pandavas and his sons. The Pandavas receive half of the kingdom in the desert part of the country. There, on the river Yamuna, they found the capital Indraprastha. Yudhisthira and his brothers reign there, while Duryodhana and his brothers rule in Hastinapura, the hereditary capital. Mutual enmity between cousins, however, does not weaken.
After some time, Yudhishthira performs the royal prayer "Rajasuya", which can only be performed by a powerful king who is able to subjugate neighboring sovereigns. To this end, Yudhishthira, along with his brothers, conquers neighboring countries. The Kauravas, sons of Dhritarashtra, offer the Pandavas a game of dice. Yudhishthira enters into a game with Duryodhana and gradually loses to him all his property and kingdom, even himself, all his brothers and his common wife - Draupadi. She is brought to the assembly hall and subjected to insults. Laughing loudly, "Slave!", Dushasana, Duryodhana's brother, drags her by the scythe. Shocked by such a sight, Bhimasena makes a terrible oath: he will not calm down until he takes revenge on Dushasana and drinks his blood. Suddenly there is a howl of a jackal and the cry of a donkey, screaming with a human voice. Frightened by the ominous omen, Dhritarashtra offers three boons to Draupadi. Draupadi asks not to be Yudhishthir's slave and that his four brothers also get their freedom. She refuses the third gift. Dhritarashtra grants freedom to all and returns to the Pandavas all their property and kingdom.
Some time passes, and Duryodhana, having obtained permission from his father, draws Yudhishthira into a new game. Terms new game, the loser must retire with his brothers into exile for twelve years, and spend the thirteenth year unrecognizable. If during the last year he is recognized, he will have to retire again for twelve years. Yudhishthira loses again and goes into exile with his brothers and Draupadi. Here they are visited by Krishna and various sages. The adventurous life of the Pandavas in the forest lasts twelve years.
When twelve years have elapsed, the Pandavas disguised one by one go to the court of King Virata and enter his service. For a whole year they live unrecognized at King Virata and gain universal favor. The country of Matsya, where Virata reigns, is attacked by the Kauravas. In the battle against the Kauravas, Uttara, the son of King Virata, appears. Pandavas also take part in it. Arjuna becomes Uttara's charioteer. He raises his weapon, announces his name and defeats the Kauravas. The thirteenth year of wandering for the Pandavas has passed. They fulfilled all the conditions stipulated by the game. The Pandavas send an ambassador to Duryodhana demanding the return of half of the kingdom.
Duryodhana refuses to comply with the legal demand of the Pandavas. War between the Kauravas and Pandavas becomes inevitable. Both sides are preparing for it and gaining allies. The peoples and tribes of India, northern and southern, adjoin - some to the Pandavas, others to the Kauravas. Krishna, the closest relative and friend of the Pandavas, gives his army to the Kauravas, while he himself remains on the side of the Pandavas as a wise adviser. Then he becomes Arjuna's charioteer. The Kauravas are persuaded to give up half of the kingdom, but to no avail. The enemy troops flock to the north and line up on the boundless Kurukshetra - on the "Field of the Kauravas". War has been declared. Dhrishtadyumna, the son of King Drupada, became the head of the army of the Pandavas, and their grandfather Bhishma became the commander of the Kauravas. The conditions of the battle are announced, and the names of the heroes are announced.
A great battle begins, which lasts eighteen days. Glorious heroes perish one by one. Bhishma falls, mortally wounded by Arjuna. The Kauravas are defeated and suffer heavy losses. Resistance is still being offered by Duryodhana and his uncle Shakuni. But they, too, with the mountaineers of their faithful comrades-in-arms, the survivors, run away from the battlefield. Duryodhana plunges into the lake and hides in the water, breathing through the reeds. But then the Pandavas overtake him and subject him to insults. Duryodhana hears their taunts and, unable to bear them, comes out onto dry land. He engages in single combat with clubs with Bhima. The hard fight goes on for a long time. Finally, after using dishonest fighting techniques, Bhima manages to deliver a fatal blow to Duryodhana. Bhima also kills Dushasana and, according to this vow, drinks his blood.
Duryodhana dies. His friends mourn him and vow to destroy all the Pandavas. One of the Kauravas, Ashvatthaman, the son of Drona, was sleeping under a tree and was woken up at night by the calls of birds. It was the owl that attacked the crow's nest and destroyed all the crows. Ashvatthaman sees this as a happy omen. Together with his friends, he goes to the camp of the sleeping Pandavas and ruthlessly slaughters them. Almost no one was left alive, but the five Pandava brothers escaped because they were not in the camp that night.
The great battle, which lasted eighteen days, ended with the almost complete annihilation of both sides. Found the death of all eighteen armies that took part in the battle. The wives of fallen heroes mourned their husbands and relatives when the Pandavas came to the battlefield. There is their reconciliation with the Kauravas. Draupadi is deeply saddened by the loss of her brother and five of her sons. Gandhari, the wife of the aged king Dhritarashtra, weeps bitterly, mourning the death of her hundred sons. A bonfire is erected on which the bodies of the fallen in battle are burned.
The terrible consequences of the battle make a tremendous impression on the winners themselves, and Yudhishthira decides to leave the kingdom. To atone for sins, he arranges a horse sacrifice. The aged king Dhritarashtra, Gandhari and Kunti decide to go into seclusion. They retire to a secluded abode and die there. Then Krishna also leaves - the last and most close friend pandavas. The death of Krishna greatly depresses the Pandavas: they leave the kingdom and are going on their last journey.
Yudhishthira ordains Arjuna's grandson Parishita. All five Pandava brothers and Draupadi say goodbye to everyone and set off on a distant last journey to the Himalayas, to the sacred Mount Meru. On the way, one by one, all the companions of Yudhishthira fall and die. Only Yudhishthira remains. The King of Heaven leaves to meet him and escorts him to Paradise. However, in Paradise, Yudhishthira finds neither brothers nor Draupadi, but sees Duryodhana and his brothers there. Yudhishthira asks where his brothers are and refuses to stay alone in Paradise. Then he is shown the brothers and Draupadi, who are in hell amidst torment and horror. Yudhishthira wants to share their fate. But he is told that those who have sinned do not go first to hell to leave their sins there, and then ascend to Paradise. Those who have committed many sins, like Duryodhana, first go to Paradise, and then fall into hell, so that they can more fully realize the horror of their situation. Yudhishthira returns to Paradise with his brothers and his wife Draupadi. Quoted from the Mahabharata book. 1 "Adiparva", translation from Sanskrit and comments by V.I. Kalyanova, under. ed. acad. A.P. Barannikova, M. 1950. (V.I. Kalyanov "Brief information about the Mahabharata", p. 595)
IMAGES OF THE MAHABHARATA Abhimanyu ("furious") - the radiance of truth. Amba ("mother") - the shield of God's truth, soul, forgiveness. Ambalika - gratitude. Ambika is mercy. Arjuna ("white", "bright") - truth, defenders of truth, thoughts of truth, God's truth, north. The Battle of Kurukshetra (similar to Armageddon) is a holy war, the final war. Ashvatthama ("horsepower") - aggression. Balarama ("strength") - manifestations of eternity and infinity. Brahma is the Creator, the Holy Trinity. Brihaspati - Heaven, God's inspiration. Bharata (Ancient India, which included Bactria, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Persia) - the first angelic people on the planet, the kingdom of heaven, planet Earth, humanity. Bhima ("terrible") - power, strength, heroism, east. Bhishma (“terrible”) - providence, friendliness, sight, clairvoyance, the world that is fading into the past. Vasudeva are the protectors and parents of the new world. To return the Pandavas from exile is to return the Earth to God. Vidura - truth, ethics, beauty, ethical principles, Heaven, truth, directness, heavenly science, fidelity. Vichitravirya - imposture, capture. Vishnu - Patron, Protector, Holy Trinity. Vyasa (“fractionality”, “division”, “division”, “detail”, “detailed presentation”, “scattering”, “scattering”) - God's order. Ganges - mercy, mercy, humanity. Gandhari - piety, dharma, duty, basis, society, mother earth, earthly duty, giving birth from the earth, conscience, conscience of mankind. Gokul - Earth, humanity. Ghatotkacha (“hairless as a pitcher”) – self-surrender. Dvaraka is the gate to eternal happiness, the kingdom of heaven, Holy Russia. Devavrata ("faithful to God") - the future, providence, thoughts of providence. Devaki - Heavenly Kingdom, Heaven. Jarasanha - hell, hells. Dynasty is the future of mankind. Draupadi - truth, faith, mercy, common people, kingdom, society, Heaven, honor of mankind, religion, faith, fire, heavenly weapon. Drona ("born in a vessel") - traditions; the court and the church in the country as public institutions. Drupada is humanity, the new world. Durvasa (“who is difficult to live with”) - curses, anger, quarrels. Duryodhana - evil (anger, slander, malevolence, blasphemy), hell, selfishness, revenge, the call of death, injustice, sin, damnation, strife, devastation. Dushasana - greed. Dhritarashtra ("powerful king") - blind pride, ambition, spiritual blindness and "swamp", fear. Dhyana - concentration, contemplation, clairvoyance, vision with the mind. Dice game - excitement, game and "counting" of votes in elections. Campiglia is a new world. Kamsa (or Kansa) - godlessness, infanticide, war, criminal system, criminals, seizure, invaders; politicians appropriating public wealth. Karna (“sensitive”, “eared”) - decency, return of debts, an army in the country, cockiness. The Kauravas are the protectors of evil and falsehood, two-thirds of humanity. Kashi is the kingdom of the future, the future. Krishna (“the color of a thundercloud”) is the Lord, the Messenger of the world, the Messenger, God's mind. It is believed that Krishna was born on July 19, 3228 B.C. died February 18, 3102 BC; participated in the Battle of Kurukshetra at the age of 89; lived 117 years, 28 of which were under the control of Ancient India by the Pandavas. Kunti - Sky, Mother Sky, giving birth from Heaven. Kurukshetra is the battlefield of the soul, the heart. Bow Gandiva - heavenly understanding, God's freedom. Nakula - God's beauty, the beauty of Creation, the west. Clothes are the clothes of the soul, the physical body. The Pandavas are the protectors of truth, a third of humanity. Pandu ("pale") - promotion, progress, protection of truth, sincerity. Pashupastra is the weapon of Shiva (“good”, “merciful”), gratitude. Rajasuya - praise to the heavenly Father. Radha - Holy Russia, the Kingdom of Heaven. Rohini ("red") - God's inspiration, God's care. Satyavati (true, truthful) - public morality. Sahadeva - God's patience, mystery, (astrology, providence), south. Holy Russia - pure Russia; society, clean from lies, evil, bad deeds. The heart is the nature of a person. Subhadra ("happy") - purity, inspiration. The throne of Hastinapur is the throne of humanity, Holy Russia, pure Russia. Ugrasena - humility. Uttara ("extreme") - disinterestedness. Hastinapur - humanity, society. Ambition - a thirst for power and wealth, claims to fate, appropriation of other people's opportunities and ideas. Shakuni - deceit, lies, false thoughts, "sneaking", envy, conspiracy, incitement, intrigue, slander, a veil of greed, intrigues, poisoning, gambling, snakes, envy; politics devoid of ethics, carried out by secret services, secret services. Shantanu ("beneficial") - "intermediate" ancestors. Shiva (Mahadeva, Maheshvara) - truth, gratitude, the Holy Trinity. Shikhandi is the shield of God's truth, the soul. Shishupala - gloating, blasphemy, atrocities, hatred of the Lord. Yudhishthira (“steadfast in battle”) - the kingdom of heaven, truth, Holy Russia, steadfastness, society, kindness, benevolence, philosophy, forgiveness, great soul, blessing. Yadavas are celestial senses. Yashoda is humanity, the earthly kingdom.
CONCLUSIONS FROM THE MAHABHARATA It would be strange to think that Jesus Christ created His own religion and generally set such a goal for Himself. Today, in the 21st century, it has already become widely known, proven and recognized that Jesus spent a significant part of his life in India, and His life was essentially the embodiment of the main ideas that reflect the most ancient - ubiquitous and eternal religion, which is recorded in the "Vedas" and in the Mahabharata.
In the Mahabharata, as well as in the Rigveda, compiled long before the first books of the biblical prophets, we find all the miracles of Christ. This is walking on the water, and the healing of the afflicted, and the transfiguration, and the virgin birth, and the onset of the golden age, and prophecy, and the world sacrifice lying on the arrows, and the resurrection from the dead, and the miracles of the heavenly forces and elements, and the monotheism of the Trinity, and a message about peace, about God's mercy and forgiveness - that in wars there is no winning side, but truth always wins, on the side of which is the Kingdom of Heaven. There is a story in the Mahabharata about the beating of babies by the godless king Kamsa, when the Eighth son of Devaki was supposed to come into the world, and a story about a miracle with a snake, and much more. In the case of the Mahabharata, the Kingdom of Heaven is called Hastinapur, and the description of the battle on Kurukshetra between good and evil became the prototype of the story of Armageddon described in the Revelation of St. John the Theologian.
Having embodied the essence of the ancient Indian “Book of Kings” (“Mahabharata”) on Israeli soil, Jesus not only summed up the ancient Scripture, clearly setting out its foundations, and removing everything superfluous, but also prepared in the future the union of the Christian world and India on the basis of the ancient, wisest teaching set forth in the books of the Vedas and the Mahabharata.
the main idea"Mhabharata" - the one who won the war loses, and in the end it is not the one who "wins" who wins it. War is not a way to solve problems, it can only hurt the heart. The path of peace is the path of progress and development, while the path of war leads only to the graveyard. You can respect only that person who left his life for the sake of duty, loyalty and truth. This can also be read in the modern revision of the Vedas.
A complete review of the "Mahabharata" in the refraction of this text by the prism of modernity was made by us in the summer of 2012 in "24 Messages to the Eighth Council of the Peoples of Holy Russia":
It was a large and fascinating, prophetic work of a whole group of authors. When you have time, check out these fascinating texts. These are literally interlinear "Mahabharata" as applied to contemporary events. Thus, it was possible to predict the date of the Ukrainian Euromaidan in more than a year, to describe in advance the November eclipse of 2013 as a catastrophe in Kyiv (Rus), a fire in the Odessa House of Trade Unions. By the way, the symbol of Shiva is the Trident, which is also the symbol of the coat of arms of Ukraine, and accusations against Ukrainians of "fascism" are associated with the swastika symbol - the ancient Aryan symbol of Rama, Krishna and the ancient holy sages. These symbols are found many times in India itself - and it is enough to open the sections of encyclopedias related to "Hinduism" to see the swastika. Thus, the trident and the swastika are a kind of "greetings from ancient India", which is really, genetically connected with Russia and Ukraine. And the confrontation described in the "Mahabharata" between Duryodhana in the face of today's Moscow Kremlin and the Pandava brothers in the face of the Ukrainian nation (brothers of the Slavs) not only did not die out by the end of 2017, but is gaining momentum. In this case, Crimea is Indraprasth, northern for Hastinapur, Draupadi is the common people of Russia and Ukraine insulted by false and soulless rulers. It is impossible to offend the people - neither by lies, nor by propaganda, nor by theft, nor by ignorance, nor by war. This is the main precept of the Mahabharata. And the fruits are already ripe (for those Russians who hide trillions of dollars (!) Offshore).
Svetlana, thanks for your response. Wish you creative success, health, courage. Again for everyone I will quote the final words from the Mahabharata:
“...Today Vyasa's epic poem ends...
Oh man, this is my last meeting with you. Let this story be the impetus for solving problems. This story has become your armor and also your weapon. Apply this story to find out all those who do evil in modern society. The light of this story will show all the negative sides even today, as it was in ancient Hastinapur.
You will see lies disguised as truth. Today's dronacharyas are on the same side with injustice and are making unreasonable demands. Their silence makes it clear that they are all accomplices of evil.
O man, embark on a new path, or you will also be enveloped in darkness, like Karna. Become the heir of light, truth and justice. Turn Kurukshetra into sacred ground in your heart. This is liberation.
Whatever happens in the world, and whatever this world is, the story of Vyasa tells that there is a world. Remember that life is the result of your actions. Today we say goodbye to you with respect and love ... " With respect and love, Ilya Klimenchuk