And in the center of Moscow.

The building was built in 1887-1889 according to the project Alexander Kaminsky - senior architect of the Moscow Merchant Society - to accommodate the Merchant Council and shops.

The facades of the three-story building are decorated in a restrained classical style. The main façade overlooks Neglinnaya Street and has a symmetrically axial composition: 3 clear vertical axes are formed by three main entrances, above the massive doors of which there are loggias decorated with Ionic columns. The side facades are somewhat simpler, but in general they repeat the style of the main one. The corner of the building from the side of the Kuznetsky Most is cut off - today there is another entrance there, the corner part is crowned with a small attic.

Building history

The profitable house of the Moscow merchant society has a rather curious history.

In the distant past, the territory occupied by the modern building bordered on the Moscow Cannon Yard and, like many other properties in the center of Moscow, changed owners more than once. In the 17th century, the property belonged to the roundabout prince Peter Lvov, then to his descendants; in the second half of the 18th century, a government drinking house was located here, and by the end of it - the courtyards of the clergy of the Military Hospital at the Church of the Resurrection. In 1822, the land was bought by the merchant A. Beckers, who built an extended two-story building with shops on it: in different years, its ground floor housed a drawing shop, a Greib perfume shop, a Ludwig Pedotti confectionery, a shop musical instruments Alexander Gutheilya and a number of other fashion stores. Residential apartments were rented on the second floor, in one of which, in the middle of the 19th century, the dentist Lev Adelheim, the father of the dramatic actors Adelheim brothers, lived.

In 1874, the site was acquired by the Moscow Merchant Society, and the Merchant Administration was located in the building. In 1887, the architect Alexander Kaminsky, who served as the senior architect of the Society, was entrusted with the construction of a new building, which began a year later.

However, a great misfortune happens: in the winter of 1888, the almost completed building suddenly collapsed, 11 people died under the rubble, and the same number were seriously injured. Although the collapse of buildings under construction was not something exceptional for that time, an incident with so many victims was a disaster: the investigation established a large number of violations during the work, and Kaminsky was sentenced to church repentance and 6-week detention in a guardhouse, later replaced by House arrest. At this, the career of the architect was actually completed: later he tried to popularize his other projects and restore his reputation, but he did not succeed.

However, in 1889 the collapsed building was restored and completed. Its premises housed the Faberge shop, Schmit's furniture store, as well as the publishing houses and offices of the News of the Day newspaper and the Cyclist magazine for cyclists. It also housed a bookstore with the library of the Paris Press Agency, a music shop, a dentist's office, Flay and Dublé confectioneries, and a number of jewelry stores. At the beginning of the 20th century, they decided to update the facades: in 1906 they were slightly changed according to the project of Adolf Erichson, in 1907 - by Vladimir Sherwood, the changes affected only some details of the design and practically did not affect the appearance of the building.

After October revolution former tenement house The Moscow Merchant Society passed into the hands of the new authorities, and in 1920 it housed the Moscow Department of Real Estate of the Moscow City Executive Committee (MUNI) and the bookstore of the Young Guard publishing house, and communal apartments on the top floor. Subsequently, the Moscow branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments settled here.

Unfortunately, the interiors of the building have practically not been preserved: only the main staircases and the decoration of the landings have survived to this day.

Currently, the building is occupied by the Department of Culture of the city of Moscow, as well as a number of shops and restaurants.

Profitable house of the Moscow merchant society is located at Neglinnaya street, 8/10 (Kuznetsky Most, 10/8). It can be reached on foot from the metro station. "Kuznetsky Most" Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line.

December 4th, 2013 01:15 am

This review is about a complex of apartment buildings at st. Solyanka d. 1/2, as well as the legendary system of historical dungeons located under them. The history of the quarter goes back to the origin of the street name. Approximately in the XVII century, at the corner of the current street. Solyanki and st. Zabelin, a huge, by those standards, stone trade building with trade pavilions and a large courtyard was built. Place in short time gained popularity among the inhabitants and received the name "Salt Fish Yard" among the "people". The malls were repeatedly rebuilt and expanded, but due to the lack of comprehensive repairs, they fell into disrepair over time. The merchant society completely bought out the salt yard, which by the beginning of the 20th century was falling apart, since each room was owned by a specific entrepreneur and the local government could not collect funds from each for the repair of the entire building (a typical situation for shopping arcades of that time, the same situation was with the Upper trading rows).
In 1913, the courtyard was completely dismantled to the foundations, and on the site of the former Salt Rows, multi-storey apartment buildings were erected for the Moscow Merchant Society in the neoclassical style. Under the houses were built spacious cellars with high vaults. Interesting fact- Enormous funds were required to strengthen the old foundations, so the layout of the basements in some places was not changed. The main difference between the old cellars and the current ones is the absence of sectional division. In the salt yard, each shop had its own enclosed cellar.
Initially, the spacious premises were used for household and food warehouses, but later underground garages and workshops for the needs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were located here. However, due to increased dampness, the dungeons were eventually abandoned. Empty cellars have become a habitat for looters and car robbers. Cars and motorcycles stolen from the streets of the city were sorted out in the former underground garages. After the advent of perestroika, the system was abandoned again and gradually littered with rubbish taken here from the street, and heated up due to the negligence of public utilities - communications here had not been repaired for a long time.
In the early 2000s, basements were suddenly remembered and even showed a number of reports on television. Since that time, a new leaf of history has begun - the dungeons have caused a stir among the newly minted "researchers", with light hand received the laconic name "Solyanka". Groups of young people have repeatedly gathered here and even illegal squats have been organized. The garbage accumulated over decades has been set on fire by drunken teenagers more than once, thereby causing outrage among the residents of the surrounding houses. Around 2008, the outrage reached its peak - the last straw was the burning of a smoke bomb. The government took drastic measures. The system was literally mothballed, closing up numerous descents from the lower floors of houses and holes from the street.
For many years, cellars remain difficult to access for illegal visits. Recently I managed to visit the updated Solyanka. What I saw is very different from the state in 2008, when the system was stinky and damp, and garbage in some places reached almost to the vaults. The main galleries were drastically cleaned, the vaults were strengthened and communications were shifted. Part of the space is now used for the storage of special. technology, and lighting works in all main galleries.

Dome on the roof of Solyanka d. 1/2 building No. 2.

Recently, the entire complex of tenement houses has been completely overhauled. Work was carried out on the measurements of all the premises, and then on their basis the exact layout of the complex was recreated. The next step was the strengthening of existing structures and the re-laying of outdated communications. Now the main work is taking place on the surface - the restoration of the facades of buildings is underway.

Crossing Podkolokolny per. and st. Solyanka.

Any passer-by can see the building from the outside, so let's hurry down to the underground galleries.

This is what the main entrance to the cellar system looks like.

Right outside the gate. Once upon a time, there were no gratings or thick sheets of iron here. The descent was accessible to everyone from the courtyard.

The first thing we meet on our way is a small Belarus brand tractor with a trailer.

The tractor turned out to be in working condition, but with an empty tank :) Nearby there are locked gates leading to a lighted room - there are various special equipment inside. machinery and equipment.

The cellars have a height of 5 m, two-level, and in some places three-level structure. In the underground part of the building there are roads where oncoming cars can freely pass.

For 5 years, the passages in the system have become noticeably cleaner. Previously, the level in some galleries reached almost vaults.

However, in the distant parts of the dungeons, the former "atmosphere" is still preserved.

Almost all doors and gates were dismantled and now the basements look much larger.

Brand new water pipes stretch under the arches.

The remains of the body of the stolen still in Soviet time car.

Fortified vaults.

In one of the corners of the system, several rooms were fenced with a grid.

The pump runs periodically in the basements.

Kingdom of the web.

In the current state, basements are available about one and a half times less than after the construction of the house. Many premises are occupied by shops and offices from above, some of the passages are walled up or closed.

White "hall". This part of the room got its name because of the presence of decoration. Previously, these rooms housed office archives.

Staircase leading to another level.

Of course, I didn’t succeed in getting into the system and going around everything at once, so I decided to repeat the walk with my comrades. Those, in turn, decided to make a sudden surprise. The quiet hum of ventilation and leaking pipes was suddenly replaced by a loud mechanical noise!

Was there something similar recent years 10? :)

That's all.

You can spend hours admiring the dimensions of the central galleries, numerous passages, empty abandoned rooms, and sometimes finding exits to other levels.

The Trading House of the Moscow Merchant Society is a building in Moscow built in the rational modernist style by the architect F. O. Shekhtel in 1909-1911. Located at Maly Cherkassky lane, house 2.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the People's Commissariat of Health was located in the building.

The building was built in the style of rational modernity, and in its appearance one can see elements of future constructivism and formalism. The facade composition is based on rhythmically changing vertical and horizontal articulations in the form of large windows and semi-elliptical vertical pilasters.

The windows occupying most of the plane of the facade became possible thanks to the use of the frame structure of the building. The vertical pilasters located between the windows at the level of the fourth floor are decorated with metal strips with relief and crowned with arched niches on the last floor, in which sculptural antique masks are located.

The last, fifth floor is slightly smaller in height; the building ends with a cornice with rounded corners.

Building
Profitable house of the Moscow merchant society, view from Kuznetsky Most, 2015
55°45′41″ s. sh. 37°37′14″ in. d. HGIO
Country	Russia Russia
Moscow	Street Kuznetsky Most, 10/8 - Neglinnaya street, 8/10
Project author	A. S. Kaminsky
Construction	- years
Main dates
- collapse - Change of the facade according to the project of A. E. Erichson - Modification of the facade according to the project of V. V. Sherwood
Status	An object cultural heritage Moscow city № 2956288 № 2956288

Profitable house of the Moscow merchant society- a historical apartment building in Moscow, the main facade faces Neglinnaya Street, occupies a quarter between Kuznetsky Most and Pushechnaya Streets. It was built by order of the Moscow Merchant Society by the architect A. S. Kaminsky in - years. The building is a valuable city-forming object.

Story

The territory on which the three-story house is currently located, which occupies the front part of the entire block along Neglinnaya Street from Kuznetsky Most to Pushechnaya Street, in the Middle Ages bordered on the Cannon Yard. In the 17th century, the site belonged to the roundabout prince P. Lvov, then to his descendants. In the 1770s - 1780s there was a state-owned drinking house, and to late XVIII For centuries, the yards of the clergy of the Military Hospital stood near the Church of the Resurrection, which were demolished during the expansion of the canal of the Neglinnaya River. In 1822, the land was acquired by the merchant A. Beckers, whose family owned it until the 1860s. In the early 1820s, an extended two-story building was built along Neglinny Proyezd, facing the Kuznetsky Most at an angle. In the 1820s, the house housed Pedotti, Duble, Tremblay confectioneries, a drawing shop, I. Greib's perfume shop, as well as a number of fashion stores. In 1859, a store of musical instruments and notes by A. B. Gutkhel, who became one of the largest music publishers in Russia, was opened in the building. In the mid-1850s, the dentist L. Adelheim, the father of the tragic artists Adelheim brothers, settled in the house.

View of the building in the 1910s. From the corner - the entrance to the Faberge store

After the Beckers, the property passed to the honorary citizen K. S. Popov, and in 1874 the Moscow Merchant Society acquired the site. The house housed the Merchant Council, which in 1887 instructed the senior architect of the Society, an experienced architect A. S. Kaminsky, to build a new building. In the winter of 1888, the almost built building suddenly collapsed, and 11 people died under its rubble and 11 more were seriously injured. The investigation established numerous violations during the work, as a result of which A. S. Kaminsky was sentenced to "church repentance and six weeks in a guardhouse", which was later replaced by house arrest.

The collapsed building was completed in 1889. The house is a prime example of large business buildings in the classical style. The symmetrical-axial composition of the building has three active vertical axes corresponding to the three main entrances from Neglinnaya Street. The main focus of the main façade is three two-storey loggias framed by Ionic columns. The side facade overlooking Kuznetsky Most is emphatically secondary to the main one, it uses only design elements of the connecting parts of the facade along Neglinnaya Street. The transition of the facade to the side wing is decorated with a cut corner and a separate entrance located at this place and an attic above the corner part. In the design of the corner of the building, sculptural images of female heads were used, which already belong to the decorative techniques of Art Nouveau at the beginning of the 20th century.

After the apartment building was built, a Faberge store was located on its corner. There was also a furniture store of the company P. A. Schmit (later N. P. Schmit visited here), the offices and editorial offices of the publisher A. Ya. Lipskerov, the popular Moscow newspaper Novosti dniy and the Cyclist magazine for cyclists, the office of the newspaper "New Way", a bookstore with a library of the Paris Press Agency, D. Feineman's dental office, a music store "E. Eberg and Co. ”, Flay and Dublé confectioneries, Ovchinnikov, F. Lorie and A. Ustallo jewelry stores. In 1906, the facade of the building was slightly modified by the architect A. E. Erichson, in 1907 - by V. V. Sherwood. These restructurings practically did not affect the composition and general appearance of the building, affecting only some elements of the decor.

In the 1920s, the building housed the bookstore of the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house and the Moscow Administration of Real Estate (MOUNI) of the Moscow City Executive Committee. In 1921, the Moscow office of A. Hammer was opened on the first floor, and later the Moscow branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments was located. In the early 1990s, the popular kebab house "Polevye Stan" worked on the ground floor of the house. Currently former house The Moscow Merchant Society is occupied by the Department of Culture of the City of Moscow. numerous restaurants and shops. Significantly worse appearance the interiors of the building have been preserved - the main staircases, the design of landings and arched windows of the second and third floors have survived to this day. The building is classified as valuable city-forming objects.

see also

Notes

1. Register of objects of cultural heritage. Open data portal of the Moscow government. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
2. , With. 381.
3. , With. 87.
4. , With. 75.
5. Kuznetsova S. The golden age of Russian hack-work // Money. - March 24, 2008. - No. 11.
6. Shevatov B. A. Moscow architect Alexander Kaminsky and his latest masterpiece // Architecture and construction of Moscow. - January 16, 2004. - No. 6. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
7. , With. 217.
8. , With. 221.
9. , With. 127.
10. , With. 204.
11. Loud business. Russian word(September 5, 1906). Retrieved February 11, 2011. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012.

(New Square, 6). One of the large office buildings, occupies a city block between New Square and Bolshoi Cherkassky Lane (see the article Cherkassky Lane), actually forms one of the sides of Maly Cherkassky Lane. Built in 1909-11 F.O. Shekhtel in late modern forms, combined with a functional solution in an expressive and original way. Having revealed on the facades a clear geometric grid of large divisions of its structural core with the planes of huge windows, exactly corresponding to the internal structure of the building, the architect effectively accentuated the vertical rhythm with the help of giant pilasters rounded in section, reaching the cornice of the fourth floor and continued in the upper crowning floor with arched niches. The pilasters and the unraveling of the cornice, corresponding to their wavy rhythm, give plastic energy and integrity to the entire mass of the building. The composition skillfully plays with neoclassical forms of sculptural decoration (the frieze of the fourth floor was previously decorated with metal reliefs, and sculptural masks were placed in the niches of the crowning part).

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