Witness what historical events was the writer? (A.S. Pushkin, 1837; M.Yu. Lermontov, 1841; N.V. Gogol, 1852; N.G. Chernyshevsky, 1854 employee of Sovremennik; Crimean War,; death of Nicholas I, 1855; “Peasant reform ", 1861; attempt on the life of Alexander II; Paris Commune; the emergence of the society "Land and Freedom", 1876; Russian-Turkish war, death of Alexander II, 1881; attempted assassination Alexander III, 1887: Russo-Japanese War, ; Bloody Sunday, 1905 Which of the prominent people did Tolstoy communicate with? (N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, A.N. Ostrovsky, A.P. Chekhov, F.M. Tyutchev, T.G. Shevchenko and others)
Tolstoy's Rules and Program What is assigned to be fulfilled by all means, then do it, no matter what What you do, do it well Never cope in a book if you forgot something, but try to remember it yourself Make your mind constantly act with all its possible strength Read and think always loud Don't be ashamed to tell people who bother you that they're bothering you
The moral-philosophical doctrine, as it developed, was expounded by Tolstoy in works of a philosophical and journalistic nature (“Confession”, “On Life”, “So what should we do?”, “The Kingdom of God is within you”, “What is my faith?” , “What is religion and what is its essence?”, “Religion and morality”, “The law of violence and the law of love”, etc.), in pedagogical essays (“On education”, “On science”, “Conversations with children on moral issues"), in books of aphorisms ("Circle of reading", "Way of life", "Thoughts of wise people"), etc.
Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by her. Love is God… LN Tolstoy Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by her. Love is God… L.N. Tolstoy
“It’s already been six days since I entered the clinic, and now it’s been six days since I’m almost pleased with myself” - this is how the first diary entry begins, which was made on March 30 (March 17 according to the old style), 1847, by the future great writer and publicist, and the then 19-year-old law student of the Imperial Kazan University, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
In his first entry, the young Tolstoy reflects mainly on the benefits of solitude. “It is easier to write 10 volumes of philosophy than to apply one beginning to practice,” he concludes his reasoning, perhaps with the first of his diary aphorisms.
Having compiled in that first notebook a whole block of rules, which, among other things, included taking notes of all the books read and important events, Leo Tolstoy continued to keep diaries until the end of his life and he himself considered them the most valuable of all that was written. The favorite diary topics of the writer will be religion, family, moral education and love.
Izvestia has selected several vivid quotes from his diaries over the years.
“In order to live honestly, you have to tear, get confused, make mistakes, start and quit ... and always fight and lose. And the calm mental meanness».
"Our good qualities harm us more in life than bad ones."
"Nothing so weakens the strength of a person as the hope in anything other than one's own effort to find salvation and good."
"Everyone wants to change humanity, but no one thinks about how to change themselves."
“The point of life is not to be great, rich, glorious, but to keep the soul.”
About happiness
“There are two kinds of happiness: the happiness of virtuous people and the happiness of vainglorious people. The first comes from virtue, the second from fate.
“Happiness is more likely to enter a house where a good mood always reigns.”
“Happiness is not in always doing what you want, but in always wanting what you do.”
"Unhappiness makes virtuous - virtue makes happy - happiness makes vicious."
“When I was looking for pleasure, it fled from me, and I fell into a difficult situation of boredom - a state from which you can go to everything - good and bad; and rather to the latter. Now that I'm only trying to avoid boredom, I find pleasure in everything.
“It is strange that I have to be silent with people living around me and speak only to those distant in time and place who will hear me.”
“The secret is that every minute I am different and still the same. The fact that I am still the same makes my consciousness; the fact that I am different every minute is what makes space and time.
About knowledge
“The point is not to know a lot, but to know the most necessary of all that can be known.”
"Knowledge is a tool, not a goal."
“For the common cause, it is probably better for everyone to do what he is told, and not what seems good to him.”
“What you have proposed to do, do not put off under the pretext of absent-mindedness or entertainment; but immediately, although outwardly, get down to business. Thoughts will come.
"It's better to try and mess up (a thing that can be redone) than to do nothing."
"Strive to do your duty, and you will immediately know what you are worth."
“There is a side to the dream that is better than reality; in reality there is a side better than dreams. Complete happiness would be a combination of both.
“I don’t know how others dream, no matter how much I have heard or read, it’s not at all like me. Others say that the mountains seemed to say this and that, and the leaves that and that, and the trees called there and then. How can such a thought come? You have to try hard to drive such absurdity into your head.
About peoples
“The life of all peoples is the same everywhere. More cruel, inhuman, promenading people feed on violence, war, softer, meek, industrious people prefer to endure. History is the history of these violence and the struggle against them.”
“If the Russian people are uncivilized barbarians, then we have a future. The Western peoples are civilized barbarians, and they have nothing to look forward to.”
“Western peoples have abandoned agriculture and everyone wants to rule. You can’t get over yourself, so they are looking for colonies and markets.”
About family and relationships
“There are moments when a man tells a woman more than she needs to know about him. He said - and forgot, but she remembers.
“There is a strange, rooted misconception that cooking, sewing, washing, nursing are exclusively women's business, that it is even a shame for a man to do this. Meanwhile, the opposite is insulting: it is a shame for a man, often unoccupied, to spend time on trifles or do nothing while a tired, often weak, pregnant woman cooks, launders or nurses a sick child through force.
"If how many heads - so many minds, then how many hearts - so many kinds of love."
About old age
"Old age is the biggest surprise in life."
“In extreme old age comes the most precious, necessary life both for yourself and for others. The value of life is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from death.
Last Diary
On August 16, 1910 (August 29, old style) - less than two months before his death - Lev Nikolayevich will begin his last diary notebook, titled "A Diary for Himself."
“It's the same, even worse. Just don't sin. And have no evil. Now it’s gone,” Leo Tolstoy wrote in it two months later, on October 16, 1910.
On November 7, 1910, Leo Tolstoy died in the village of Astapovo, Ryazan province. After him, about 4.7 thousand pages of diary entries remained, which made up 13 of the 22 volumes of the complete works of the writer.
September 9, 1828 in Yasnaya Polyana was born Leo Tolstoy, one of the the greatest writers world, a participant in the defense of Sevastopol, the creator of the religious movement - Tolstoyanism, an educator and teacher. Based on his works, films are made and plays are staged all over the world.
On the occasion of the 188th anniversary of the great writer, the site has collected 10 vivid statements by Leo Tolstoy from different years - original advice that is still relevant to this day.
1. "Each person is a diamond that can purify and not purify himself, to the extent that he is purified, eternal light shines through him, therefore, the business of a person is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself."
2. “It is true that where there is gold, there is also much sand; but this cannot in any way be a reason to say a lot of nonsense in order to say something smart.
"What is art?"
3. “The work of life, the purpose of her joy. Rejoice in heaven, in the sun. On stars, on grass, on trees, on animals, on people. This joy is being destroyed. You made a mistake somewhere - look for this mistake and correct it. This joy is most often violated by self-interest, ambition ... Be like children - always rejoice.
Museum-Estate Yasnaya Polyana Photo: www.globallookpress.com
4. “For me, the madness, the criminality of the war, especially recently, when I have been writing and therefore thinking a lot about the war, is so clear that apart from this madness and criminality I can see nothing in it.”
5. “People are like rivers: the water is the same in all and the same everywhere, but each river is sometimes narrow, sometimes fast, sometimes wide, sometimes quiet. So are people. Each person carries in himself the rudiments of all human properties and sometimes manifests one, sometimes another, and is often completely unlike himself, remaining one and himself.
"Resurrection". 1889-1899
6. “...upbringing seems to be a complex and difficult matter only as long as we want, without educating ourselves, to educate our children or anyone else. If we understand that we can educate others only through ourselves, by educating ourselves, then the question of education is abolished and one question of life remains: how should one live oneself? I don't know of a single act of raising children that doesn't include educating yourself."
7. “A scientist is one who knows a lot from books; educated - one who has mastered all the most common knowledge and techniques of his time; the enlightened one who understands the meaning of his life.
"Reading Circle"
8. “In order to live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, abandoned, and forever struggled and deprived. And peace is spiritual meanness.
Letter to A.A. Tolstoy. October 1857
Frame from the film Anna Karenina, Mosfilm studio, 1967 Photo: www.globallookpress.com
9. “Happy periods of my life were only those when I devoted my whole life to serving people. These were: schools, mediation, starvation and religious assistance.”
10. "My whole idea is that if vicious people are interconnected and constitute a force, then honest people need to do only the same thing."
"War and Peace". Epilogue. 1863-1868
September 9 marks 188 years since the birth of a native of the Tula region, a great writer, educator and religious thinker, author of War and Peace, Anna Karenina and Resurrection.
September 9, 1828 in Yasnaya Polyana was born Leo Tolstoy, one of the greatest writers in the world, a participant in the defense of Sevastopol, the founder of the religious movement - Tolstoyism, an educator and teacher. Based on his works, films are made and plays are staged all over the world.
On the occasion of the 188th anniversary of the great writer, TULA.AIF.RU picked up 10 vivid sayings of Leo Tolstoy from different years - original advice that is still relevant to this day.
1. "Each person is a diamond that can purify and not purify himself, to the extent that he is purified, eternal light shines through him, therefore, the business of a person is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself."
2. “It is true that where there is gold, there is also much sand; but this cannot in any way be a reason to say a lot of nonsense in order to say something smart.
"What is art?"
3. “The work of life, the purpose of her joy. Rejoice in heaven, in the sun. On stars, on grass, on trees, on animals, on people. This joy is being destroyed. You made a mistake somewhere - look for this mistake and correct it. This joy is most often violated by self-interest, ambition ... Be like children - always rejoice.
Museum Estate Yasnaya Polyana Photo: www.globallookpress.com
4. “For me, the madness, the criminality of the war, especially recently, when I have been writing and therefore thinking a lot about the war, is so clear that apart from this madness and criminality I can see nothing in it.”
5. “People are like rivers: the water is the same in all and the same everywhere, but each river is sometimes narrow, sometimes fast, sometimes wide, sometimes quiet. So are people. Each person carries in himself the rudiments of all human properties and sometimes manifests one, sometimes another, and is often completely unlike himself, remaining one and himself.
"Resurrection". 1889-1899
6. “...upbringing seems to be a complex and difficult matter only as long as we want, without educating ourselves, to educate our children or anyone else. If we understand that we can educate others only through ourselves, by educating ourselves, then the question of education is abolished and one question of life remains: how should one live oneself? I don't know of a single act of raising children that doesn't include educating yourself."
7. “A scientist is one who knows a lot from books; educated - one who has mastered all the most common knowledge and techniques of his time; the enlightened one who understands the meaning of his life.
"Reading Circle"
8. “In order to live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, abandoned, and forever struggled and deprived. And peace is spiritual meanness.
Letter to A.A. Tolstoy. October 1857
Frame from the film Anna Karenina, Mosfilm studio, 1967 Photo: www.globallookpress.com
9. “Happy periods of my life were only those when I devoted my whole life to serving people. These were: schools, mediation, starvation and religious assistance.”
10. "My whole idea is that if vicious people are interconnected and constitute a force, then honest people need to do only the same thing."
"War and Peace". Epilogue. 1863-1868
To live honestly, one must be torn, confused, fought, made mistakes 8230 Based on the novel by Tolstoy War and Peace
The problems of morality and spirituality have always been the most important in literature XIX century. Writers and their heroes were constantly worried about the deepest and most serious questions: how to live, what is the meaning of human life how to come to God, how to change for the better not only your life, but also the lives of other people. It is these thoughts that overwhelm one of the main characters of the novel, L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" by Pierre Bezukhov.
At the beginning of the novel, Pierre appears before us as a completely naive, inexperienced young man who has lived all his youth abroad. He does not know how to behave in a secular society, in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, he causes concern to the hostess and fear: “Although Pierre was indeed somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only relate to that smart and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room. Pierre behaves naturally, he is the only one in this environment who does not wear a mask of hypocrisy, he says what he thinks.
Having become the owner of a large inheritance, Pierre, with his honesty and faith in the kindness of people, falls into the nets set by Prince Kuragin. The prince's attempts to seize the inheritance were unsuccessful, so he decided to get the money in another way: to marry Pierre to his daughter Helen. pierre attracts her outer beauty, but he can't figure out if she's smart or kind. For a long time he does not dare to propose to her, in fact, he does not do it, Prince Kuragin decides everything for him. After marriage, there comes a turning point in the life of the hero, a period of reflection on his whole life, its meaning. The culmination of these experiences of Pierre was a duel with Dolokhov, Helen's lover. In the good-natured and peaceful Pierre, who learned about the impudent and cynical attitude towards him of Helen and Dolokhov, anger boils, "something terrible and ugly rose in his soul." Duel highlights everything best qualities Pierre: his courage, the courage of a man who has nothing to lose, his philanthropy, his moral strength. Having wounded Dolokhov, he is waiting for his shot: “Pierre, with a meek smile of regret and remorse, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood directly in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him.” The author compares Pierre with Dolokhov in this scene: Pierre does not want to harm him, let alone kill him, and Dolokhov laments that he missed and did not hit Pierre. After the duel, Pierre is tormented by thoughts and experiences: “Such a storm of feelings, thoughts, memories suddenly arose in his soul that he not only could not sleep, but could not sit still and had to jump up from the sofa and walk around the room with quick steps” He analyzes everything that happened, the relationship with his wife, the duel and understands that he has lost all life values, he does not know how to live on, blames only himself for making this mistake - marrying Helen, reflects on life and death: “Who is right, who guilty? Nobody. And live - and live: tomorrow you will die, as I could die an hour ago. And is it worth it to suffer when one second remains to live compared to eternity? …What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate? Why live and what am I? What is life, what is death? What power governs everything? In this state of moral doubt, he meets the freemason Bazdeev at the inn in Torzhok, and the “strict, intelligent and penetrating expression of the gaze” of this man strikes Bezukhov. Bazdeev sees the cause of Pierre’s misfortune in his disbelief in God: “Pierre, with a sinking heart, looking with shining eyes into the face of a freemason, listened to him, did not interrupt, did not ask him, but with all his heart believed what this stranger told him.” Pierre himself joins the Masonic lodge and tries to live according to the laws of goodness and justice. Having received a vital support in the form of Freemasonry, he gains self-confidence and a purpose in life. Pierre travels around his estates, trying to make life easier for his serfs. He wants to build schools and hospitals for the peasants, but the cunning manager deceives Pierre, and there are no practical results of Pierre's trip. But he himself is full of faith in himself, and during this period of his life he manages to help his friend, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, who is raising his son after the death of his wife. Prince Andrei is disappointed in life after Austerlitz, after the death of the little princess, and Pierre manages to stir him up, arouse interest in his surroundings: “If there is a God and there is future life, that is, truth, is virtue; and the highest happiness of man is to strive to achieve them. We must live, we must love, we must believe that we do not live today only on this piece of land, but have lived and will live forever there, in everything.
Tolstoy shows us how a period of reflection on one's life can be replaced by complete disappointment and despair, which is what happens to his favorite hero. Pierre loses faith in the teachings of the Freemasons when he sees that they are all busy not with the organization of the world, but with their own careers, prosperity, and the pursuit of power. He returns to secular society and again lives an empty, meaningless life. The only thing he has in life is love for Natasha, but an alliance between them is impossible. The war with Napoleon gives meaning to Pierre's life: he is present at the Battle of Borodino, he sees the courage and heroism of the Russian soldiers, he is next to them on the Raevsky battery, brings them shells, helps in any way he can. Despite his absurd appearance for battle (he arrived in a green tailcoat and white hat), the soldiers were imbued with sympathy for Pierre for his courage and even gave him the nickname "our master." scary picture the battle struck Pierre. When he sees that almost everyone on the battery has died, he thinks: “No, now they will leave it, now they will be horrified at what they have done!” After the battle, Pierre reflects on the courage of Russian soldiers: “To be a soldier, just a soldier! To enter this common life with the whole being, to be imbued with what makes them so ... The most difficult thing is to be able to combine the meaning of everything in one's soul .... No, not to connect. You can’t connect thoughts, but to connect all these thoughts - that’s what you need! Yes, you need to match, you need to match! To match one's life with the life of the people - that's the idea Pierre comes to. Further developments in Pierre's life only confirm this idea. An attempt to kill Napoleon in burning Moscow turns into saving the life of a French officer, and saving a girl from a burning house and helping a woman turns into a prisoner. In Moscow, Pierre accomplishes his feat, but for him this is the natural behavior of a person, since he is brave and noble. Probably the most important events in Pierre's life take place in captivity. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev taught Pierre the necessary wisdom in life, which he lacked. The ability to adapt to any conditions and not lose humanity and kindness at the same time - this was revealed to Pierre by a simple Russian peasant. “For Pierre, as he presented himself on the first night, an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth, he remained that way forever,” Tolstoy writes about Platon Karataev. In captivity, Pierre begins to feel his unity with the world: “Pierre looked into the sky, into the depths of the departing, playing stars. “And all this is mine, and all this is in me, and all this is me!”
When Pierre is released, when a completely different life begins, full of new problems, everything that he has suffered and felt is preserved in his soul. Everything experienced by Pierre did not pass without a trace, he became a person who knows the meaning of life, its purpose. Happy family life did not make him forget his purpose. The fact that Pierre enters a secret society, that he is a future Decembrist, is natural for Pierre. He spent his whole life suffering the right to fight for the rights of other people.
Describing the life of his hero, Tolstoy shows us a vivid illustration of the words that he once wrote down in his diary: “To live honestly, you have to tear, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and forever fight and lose. And peace is spiritual meanness.