All professions can be classified into certain types based on subject and means of labor. Each has its own profile and code. Usually, by its name, you can easily determine which industry it belongs to and understand what means of labor it uses. Having considered the existing general professions of all sectors of the national economy, any person can choose his preferred occupation. In this article we will give examples of professions in different industries, so that after familiarizing yourself with them you can choose the most suitable one for yourself.

Professions of economic sectors

There is an extensive list that includes both cross-cutting professions and positions in all sectors of the economy, as well as highly specialized jobs. The choice of activity is primarily influenced by the applicant’s education. Thus, specialists with higher economic education can count on positions in micro- and macroeconomics, the field of external finance and specialized industries. If we consider professions common to all sectors of the economy, then this is primarily an accountant. In recent years, the list of professions of bank employees has expanded significantly.

List of industries and professions

In industry, there are professions in different sectors that employ people in numerous specialties. All vacancies can be divided into blue-collar and engineering professions. The most popular working professions are:

• metallurgy – rolling mills, rolling millers and steelmakers;
• mining industry – miners, drifters and miners;
• construction - concrete workers, masons, installers and slingers;
• food industry – bakers, dough mixers and confectioners;
• light industry - cutters, weavers and seamstresses;

There are service professions of workers common to all sectors of the economy. These are mechanics, oilers, electricians and security guards.

Professions in the oil and gas industry

The petrochemical industry is a complex and responsible profession, but highly paid. We can give specific examples of professions related to different sectors of the economy in oil production. The list shows the main professions in the oil industry:

• geologist;
• geophysicist;
• drilling engineer;
• OT specialist;
• manager.

Geologists and geophysicists are directly involved in geological and seismic exploration. Drilling engineers extract minerals. Occupational safety specialists monitor the work process to avoid accidents. Since the economic sector is extremely costly, managers are always needed to optimize costs.

Construction industry professions

When assessing the material production industry, the construction profession can be identified as the most relevant. There is a large list of vacancies employed at any construction site:

• masons and concrete workers;
• plasterers and tilers;
• glaziers;
• assemblers and crane operators;
• carpenters.

In addition to these specialists, each team has multidisciplinary specialists who perform a large number of duties. Therefore, the level of professional training of construction specialists may go beyond their main responsibilities.

Trade branch of economics profession

For the economic sector, examples of professions are few, since the main vacancy is the position of cashier, which can include any sales specialists. However, currency and transaction cashiers are necessary professions in various sectors of the economy, ensuring the conduct of any financial transactions.

Professions in the education sector

Professions in the education sector are directly related to scientific activities. In the branch of historical activity one can distinguish anthropologists, paleontologists and archaeologists. The animal world is studied by bioengineers, ichthyologists and oceanologists. Romantic professions: speleology, hydrology, crystallography, meteorology and the position of glaciationist.

Creative professions include sociology, philology, ethnography, genealogy, positions as an art critic and restorer. Professions of the future: nanotechnology, genetic engineering and chemical specialties.

Healthcare Professions

Health care specialists are employed in the medical field and can be grouped under a common name - doctors. Traditional general practitioners are GPs, nurses and paramedics. Obstetricians and pediatricians work with children. Surgeons and anesthesiologists are involved in directly saving lives.

Dentists, hygienists and dental technicians work in the field of dental medicine. Technical medical specialties include radiologists, laboratory technicians, technologists, ophthalmologists and optometrists. The scientific field includes virologists, nutritionists, biophysicists, biologists and gerontologists. Pharmacists and pharmacists are involved in the production and sale of medicines.

Transport branch of economics profession

If for the material production industry examples of professions include a very extensive and varied list, then the transport sector contains only a few sections:

• aviation;
• navigation;
• Railway;
• logistics;
• travel professions.

The essence of this work is the movement of goods, cargo or people between destinations, including outside the state.

Professions in the agricultural sector

The agricultural sector provides the population with food. The most popular agricultural professions are agronomists and machine operators, veterinarians, livestock breeders and poultry farmers. All professions require specific knowledge and skills and are always vacant.

You might be interested.

Even before I went to school, I had a vague idea of ​​what economics was all about. But what is the material economy is an interesting question.

Material housekeeper

In order to clearly understand what economics is in general, and material economics in particular, it is necessary to delve a little deeper into the terminology.

The concept of “economy” is complex in its essence. It can be interpreted in different ways. But it is necessarily based on some kind of activity of a person or society aimed at obtaining benefits of a certain type.

Depending on what benefits we want to receive, the economy is divided into parts - sectors. Economists distinguish three main sectors of the economy – real (also known as material), financial and non-productive.

The non-productive economy is necessary to create a base of services (benefits) that make our lives easier: serving the population in everyday life, housing and communal services, conducting and maintaining various communications, and so on.

The financial economy is an intermediary created to move resources in the form of securities or monetary obligations between other sectors. It does not have a clear distinction in its activities.

Material economy is the main, basic sector of the economy, which is engaged in the production, distribution or sale of consumer products.

Structure of the material economy

As you might guess, the structure of the material economy is the spheres of the national economy. Here are the main sectors of the national economy, which are considered to be part of the material economy:

• industry (production);
• agro-industrial complex;
• trade.

No modern material economy can do without an industrial complex. The industrial complex includes “light” and “heavy” enterprises for the extraction, processing of raw materials and production of final marketable products.

The agro-industrial complex is not only about growing food products or raising livestock, but also about their processing.

Well, where would we be without trade? Trade is a mechanism for selling both industrial and agricultural products.

What is economics

Solve the crossword puzzle and you will find out what economics is

Use your textbook to complete the definition.

Economy- This is the economic activity of people. All components of the economy are interconnected.

Do you know the sectors of the economy? Label the pictures yourself or with the help of a textbook.

In addition to those listed in the textbook, there are other sectors of the economy. For example, forestry, communications, catering, housing and communal services, banking sector, consumer services. Think about and explain what each of these industries does.
Forestry- a branch of the economy whose functions include: study and accounting of forests, their reproduction, protection from fires, pests and diseases, regulation of forest use, control over the use of forest resources.
Connection- Anyone who wants to use the services of telephony, television and radio broadcasting, and the Internet encounters the communications industry. Postal services are engaged in the receipt, forwarding and delivery of postal items, namely: parcels, letters, parcels, transfers.
Catering is a branch of the national economy engaged in the production and sale of prepared food and semi-finished products.
Department of Housing and Utilities(housing and communal services) - includes about 30 types of activities. The sub-sectors are home maintenance; landscaping (road and bridge maintenance, landscaping, sanitation and waste disposal)
Banking sector- providing clients with a wide range of banking services.
Consumer services for the population- part of the service sector, where non-productive and production services are provided to the population. (Hairdressing salon services, Dry cleaning of clothes, laundry services, Photography services. Bathhouse services. Professional cleaning services, Repair and maintenance services of household radio-electronic equipment, household machines and appliances. Sewing and repair of garments. Manufacturing and repair of furniture, etc. )

At home, find out from adults what sectors of the economy they work in. Write it down.

Mom and dad work in the consumer services sector. Mom works in a tailoring shop, and dad repairs household appliances and equipment. Grandmother works in the education industry - she is a teacher, and grandfather works in the transport industry - he is a driver.

Using the book "Encyclopedia of Travel. Countries of the World" fill out the table (according to the sample given in the first line).

Classifications of economic sectors are necessary for the distribution of enterprises or their parts (divisions).
Classifications of types of economic activity serve as the basis for the analysis of statistical data on production, production factors, etc.
There are close relationships between industrial classifications and product classifications. The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)* is a classification of economic activities with a hierarchical structure. It was developed at the UN; its 3rd edition was approved by the Statistical Commission and published in 1990. UN classifications generally form the basis for the development of European Union classifications, the use of which is prescribed to EU member countries by regulation. In this case, some modification is possible to take into account national characteristics.
ISIC has 17 sections, designated by capital letters of the Latin alphabet (Table 2.1). Some sections consist of one section, for example, construction, education, others - of several. In total, ISIC includes 159 groups, which form 290 classes.
Sections and groups are presented taking into account:
a) the nature of the goods and services produced (physical composition, stage of production);
b) destination of goods and services;
c) type of raw materials, processing and production technology.
Classes are established taking into account the main part of the output produced by the units included in this class.
Units of observation in ISIC are objects for which information is collected that are homogeneous in economic activity and location. The type of activity unit can be an enterprise or part of an enterprise (division).
From the table 2.1 shows that, for example, industrial activities include mining and quarrying, manufacturing and the supply of electricity, gas, steam and hot water (sections C, D and E).
Due to the variety of classification criteria used, explanatory notes should be used to interpret ISIC categories.
Table 2. ISIC structure
(3rd edition, 199O edition)

Sections	Number of groups
	Total	Including by level
		I (1st classification level)	II (section)	III (group)	IV (class)
Total A Agriculture, hunting and forestry In Fisheries C Mining and quarrying D Manufacturing industry E Electricity, gas and water supply F Construction G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of cars, motorcycles, household goods and personal items N Hotels and restaurants I Transport, warehousing and communications J Financial intermediation Real estate transactions, rental and commercial activities L Public administration and defense, compulsory social insurance M Education N Health and Social Services O Other communal, social and personal services P Private households with hired staff Q Extraterritorial organizations and bodies	18	12

The General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the EU (NACE), or NACE (Russian version), corresponds to ISIC, but is more detailed and has 833 headings (ISIC - 526).
The All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities, Products and Services (OKDP) was put into effect on January 1, 1994, its upper hierarchical levels coincide in type and number of groups with ISIC, but it has 6 (not 4, as in ISIC) classification levels : section, subsection, group, subgroup, class, subclass.
OKDP includes 55 thousand types of products and services in all sectors of the economy. The OKDP code in the reporting of organizations is assigned by the statistical authority based on an analysis of the submitted report. For example, financial intermediation as a type of economic activity is described in the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities in section J “Financial intermediation” in three subsections: 65, 66, 67.
Subsection 65 “Financial intermediation” (except for insurance and pensions) includes activities related to the receipt and redistribution of financial resources of the Bank of Russia and commercial banks.
Subsection 66 “Insurance and pensions” (except for compulsory social insurance) combines activities related to life, health and accident insurance services, property and vehicle insurance services, etc.
Subsection 67 “Activities ancillary to financial intermediation” includes financial advisory services, insurance brokerage and agent services.
In the existing first version of the OKDP, the initial basis for the classification of products and services was the full-scale classification of industrial and agricultural products (OKP), construction products (OKSP) and services to the population (OKUN).
As a result of working with the first version of OKDP, it was significantly improved. In 1996-1997 Work was carried out to create the second version of the OKDP, which was supposed to be developed in the form of two functionally related blocks that could be used separately:
OKDP. Types of economic activity (analogous to ISIC and NACE);
OKDP. Classes, subclasses and types of products and services:
Part I. Classes and subclasses of products and services (analogous to the Central Product Classification (CPG) and the Classification of Products and Services by Activities within the EU (CPA), Part II. Types of Products and Services (analogous to PRODCOM).
Of the 17 sections of the OKDP, 11 are devoted to services.
Code designations: four-digit, digital, decimal code for types of economic activity; seven-digit, digital, decimal code for grouping products and services. Thus, the structure of codes is XX + X + X- for types of economic activities; XX + X + X+ XX + X- for types of products and services.
A set of production units carrying out predominantly the same or similar type of production activity forms a sector of the economy. Each organization belongs to the industry that corresponds to its main activity. Based on the list of economic sectors, one can group, for example, industries that produce goods and industries that provide services. The list of industries is presented in table. 2.2.
Table 2. All-Russian classifier of sectors of the national economy
(OKONKH)

Code	Industry name
1	2
Industries producing goods 10000 Industry 29000 Agriculture 30000 Forestry 60000 Construction 87000 Other activities in the sphere of material production Industries providing services 22000 Agricultural services 51000 Transport 2000 Communication 70000 Trade and catering 80000 Logistics and sales 81000 Blanks 82000 Information and computing services 83000 Real estate transactions 84000 General commercial activities to ensure the functioning of the market 85000 Geology and subsoil exploration, geodetic and hydrometeorological services 90100 Housing 90200 Utilities 90300 Non-production types of consumer services for the population 91000 Health, physical education and social security 92000 Public education 93000 Culture and art 95000 Science and scientific services 96000 Finance, credit, insurance, pensions 97000 Management 98000 Public associations

An industry is defined as a set of establishments, that is, enterprises or divisions of enterprises, which are located in one place, are engaged in one type of (non-auxiliary) production activity, or in which the main activity accounts for the majority of added value. Enterprises that are simultaneously engaged in several types of production activities are divided into establishments to be classified as relevant industries. In practice, such a division is carried out in cases where it is possible to obtain information about the volume of production and costs, the number of employees, etc. If it is impossible to single out any division of the enterprise as an establishment, its activities are taken into account together with the main activities. At the same time, the industry unites establishments engaged in the same type of production activity, regardless of whether they are market or non-market producers.
Industry
Industrial activity is a type of activity that is aimed at creating material wealth in the form of products and energy, i.e., at the extraction and processing of natural resources, processing of agricultural and forestry products.
Industry includes the following major sectors: electric power, fuel industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industries, mechanical engineering and metalworking, forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, building materials industry, glass and porcelain-faience industries, light, food, microbiological industry, flour-grinding and feed industry, medical and other industrial production, such as: fishing, machine repair, laundries, dry cleaning, photo processing.
Industrial associations, trusts, combines and other economic management organizations that directly manage enterprises and organizations subordinate to them, the costs of maintaining which are included in the costs of the enterprises and organizations managed by them, are included in the industry.
The industry does not include units that are part of industrial enterprises and perform functions of a non-industrial nature (medical posts, cultural and consumer services organizations, research units). The activities of government bodies (ministries, committees and departments, as well as their headquarters, regardless of the sources of financing the costs of their maintenance) are not included in the industry.
In industry, sectors are divided according to the purpose of the product, the type of raw materials processed and the nature of the technological processes.
Agriculture
The industry includes enterprises of all forms of ownership engaged in the production of agricultural products, peasant (farm) holdings, and personal subsidiary plots of the population. Hunting, fur trapping and game farming are classified as agriculture, not farming. Agriculture also includes fish farming, and fishing and aerial fishing are included in the fishing industry. Agricultural services with its previous code are separated from agriculture into a separate industry in accordance with the principles of the system of national accounts.
Forestry
The industry includes forestry, collection of wild and non-timber forest products, and forestry services. Logging organizations belong to the forestry, wood processing and pulp and paper industries, and not to the glue industry.
Construction
Construction as a type of activity implies the implementation of new construction by contract and economic means, expansion, reconstruction, repair of buildings, structures and facilities for production and non-production purposes, technical re-equipment and support of the production capacities of existing enterprises.
In accordance with the classifier of economic sectors, construction covers general construction and specialized organizations of all forms of ownership that carry out construction, installation and other work by contract and business methods, organizations that carry out major repairs of buildings and structures, repair and construction of housing according to orders from the population, organizations that carry out production drilling , design, design and survey and survey organizations, economic management of construction.
Other types of activities in the sphere of material production The industry includes editorial offices, publishing houses, procurement offices for collecting scrap metal and scrap, private security, etc., including economic management of the listed types of activities.
Agriculture service
The industry includes organizations providing services for land improvement, soil chemicalization and other agrochemical work, zootechnical and veterinary services, operation of water management systems and structures, regulation of fish catch, fish protection and fish supervision.
Transport
Industry includes:
railway transport, including tram and metro;
highway transport, including automobile and highway transport, trolleybus transport;
pipeline transport;
water transport, including sea, inland and timber rafting;
air transport;
other types of transport.
The industry covers all types of activities related to the transportation of goods and passengers, performed by independent transport enterprises of all forms of ownership, auxiliary divisions of enterprises classified as other industries, and households in terms of paid services. Highway maintenance includes activities related to routine repairs and maintenance of highways (cleaning, marking, landscaping). Activities related to the construction and major repairs of roads belong to the Construction industry.
Connection
The industry includes postal, courier, electrical and radio communications.
Trade and catering
The industry includes domestic and foreign trade and rental. Domestic trade is wholesale and retail trade (including vegetable stores, rental of cultural, household and household items, intermediary services of exchanges, brokerage, brokerage, dealer offices, agencies, trading houses, commercial centers for the purchase and sale of consumer goods consumption and rental of cultural, household and household items). It covers the activities of state and non-state enterprises, as well as private individuals (street trading, intermediary services for the purchase and sale of consumer goods).
Logistics and sales
The industry includes supply, sales, economic management of supply and sales, rental (rental) of equipment and machinery for production and technical purposes by specialized enterprises, intermediary services of commodity, commodity and raw material exchanges, brokerage, brokerage; dealerships and agencies, trading houses, commercial centers for the purchase, sale and rental of equipment, machinery and other products for industrial and technical purposes.
Blanks
The industry includes activities for the procurement of agricultural products, which are carried out by procurement organizations, points and departments, sales and transshipment bases, elevators, seed cleaning and grain drying factories and points, offices for the procurement of crop and livestock products, commodity exchanges, brokerage houses and agencies , as well as private individuals providing intermediary services for the purchase and sale of agricultural products.
Information and computing services
The industry includes services for processing and providing information, consulting on software, creating databases, etc. These activities are carried out by computer centers, machine counting stations, centralized accounting departments, as well as individuals.
Real estate transactions
The industry includes the sale and rental by organizations (owners) of real estate for industrial, technical and non-productive purposes (except housing), intermediary services of exchanges, brokerage houses, agencies and individuals in the purchase and sale and rental of real estate.
General commercial activities to ensure the functioning of the market
The industry includes intermediary services of universal commodity and stock exchanges and other exchanges, brokerage houses and agencies in the purchase and sale of goods, securities, currency and rental (lease, rental) without a pronounced specialization; intermediary services for the acquisition of know-how, patents, licenses, and other copyrights; acquisition and assignment of copyright for the performance of works of literature and art; advertising, representation services (organization of exhibitions, meetings, etc.), auditing activities, marketing research, consultations on commercial activities, financing and management.
Geology and subsoil exploration, geodetic and hydrometeorological services
The industry includes geological exploration of the subsoil, surveying the geological content of the earth's surface and deep study of the earth's crust, except for those classified as scientific research; search and exploration of mineral deposits and groundwater, hydrometeorological service services, economic management of geological exploration, geodetic and hydrometeorological organizations, as well as the activities of gold miners and other private individuals in the exploration and production of minerals.
Housing
The industry includes services for the maintenance of housing stock, including dormitories. These services can be provided by housing administrations, housing maintenance departments of enterprises and organizations, dacha and housing cooperatives, dormitories of educational institutions, housing departments of ministries and departments.
Utilities
The industry includes services for external improvement (sanitary cleaning, cleaning and landscaping of cities and towns, operation of outdoor lighting, gas, water and heat supply); services of hotels (excluding tourist ones), garages, special fleets (for cleaning areas); services for the operation of office buildings, fire protection, and utility management services.
Non-production types of consumer services for the population
The industry includes services from photo studios, bathhouses, shower pavilions, hairdressers, apartment cleaning organizations, issuing certificates, running errands, pawn shops, and funeral services.
Healthcare, physical education, social security
The industry includes the activities of hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, holiday homes, tourist camps, stadiums, sports clubs, social security institutions, boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, and sanatoriums.
Public education
The industry includes the activities of educational academies, universities, institutes, technical schools, colleges, schools and other educational institutions for training personnel with higher and secondary specialized education, courses for training and advanced training, orphanages, preschool education, as well as services for individuals engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities. activities in this area.
Culture and art
The industry includes the activities of cinemas, theaters, clubs, libraries, museums, art galleries, radio and television broadcasting, circuses, zoos, botanical gardens, cultural and recreational parks. The “Culture and Art” industry includes, in accordance with the clarifications, OKONH film studios, recording studios and film distribution.
Science and scientific service
The industry includes the activities of institutions conducting scientific research, design and engineering organizations, pilot plants (which do not manufacture industrial products externally), innovation enterprises, and organizations serving scientific institutions.
Finance, credit, insurance, pensions
The industry includes banking, insurance, pensions, and financial intermediary activities. It has a code of 96000 with further detailing up to 10 groups, combined into four sub-sectors:
Code
Banking activities 96Central banks 96Commercial banks 96Savings banks 96Other financial and credit institutions 96Insurance 96State insurance 96Non-state insurance 96Pensions 96State pensions 96Non-state pensions 96Ancillary financial intermediary activities 96Non-state management of financial markets 96Exchange transactions with stock values ​​96Auxiliary financial intermediation activities cover services of non-state management of financial markets (stock, currency, currency and stock exchanges), services for exchange transactions with stock values ​​of brokerage, brokerage, dealer firms and individuals carrying out transactions with securities and currency.
Insurance includes services for life insurance, property and other types of insurance provided to organizations of various forms of ownership and organizational and legal forms, including non-governmental medical organizations.
Control.
The industry includes the activities of government and administrative bodies, judicial and legal institutions, public security and defense agencies.
This industry also includes state extra-budgetary funds, which are a special form of organization, redistribution and use of financial resources attracted by the state to finance certain public needs, social funds administered by state authorities (except for the state social insurance fund and pension fund), mandatory funds health insurance, as well as economic and special funds.
Public associations
Industry includes:
political associations;
associations of directors, entrepreneurs, cooperatives, chamber of commerce and industry;
trade unions, trade union confederations;
creative, scientific, technical, cultural and educational public associations;
social protection associations (societies for the disabled, water rescue societies, etc.);
public funds (children's, peace, etc.);
charitable foundations;
religious organizations.
Cultural, educational, sports institutions, holiday homes, boarding houses, tourist centers owned by public associations are considered as their establishments and belong to the relevant industries.
The considered composition of industries is called economic sectors.
The quality of industrial classification depends on the extent to which it corresponds to the modern state of the division of labor, so the problem of improving it is always relevant. To analyze economic development, it is constantly necessary to make changes to classifications, delimitation of units of observation and detailing of groupings of published data. The listed sectors of the economy can be distinguished on the basis of OKDP, therefore OK.ONH has lost its significance.

The concept of an economic sector. Classification of sectors of the national economy.

1. Branch of the economy

A sector of the economy is a set of enterprises and industries that have common products, technologies and satisfied needs.

The essence of the national economy is that it represents an established system of national and social reproduction of the state, in which industries, types and forms of social labor that have developed as a result of the long historical evolutionary development of a particular country are interconnected. The characteristics of the national economy are influenced by historical and cultural traditions, the geographical location of the state, and its role in the international division of labor.

A number of related sciences and academic disciplines are devoted to the study of the national economy:

industrial economics;

economics of construction;

agricultural economics;

economic theory

The structure of the national economy (from the Latin structura - order) is a complex of industries of a particular country, which arose on the basis of a combination of social division of labor, natural resources, historical traditions and territorial specifics. The complex structure of the national economy is defined through such concepts as sector, industry, sphere of the national economy. Depending on the existing property relations in the national economy, sectors such as private, state, and cooperative are distinguished. Recently, this concept has been used in connection with the specifics of the social division of labor. Thus, the so-called real sector is distinguished as a set of industries in which material products are produced.

The concept of “industry” is the main structural unit of the national economy, which is a set of enterprises, institutions and organizations that perform the same socio-economic functions in the process of social reproduction, regardless of territorial location and departmental subordination. According to the sectoral structure, there is a classification of sectors of the national economy.

A group of homogeneous branches of the national economy forms the sphere of the national economy. Thus, in accordance with the specifics of production, as well as the distribution and redistribution of production goods, production and non-production spheres are distinguished.

The production sector of the national economy includes all sectors that produce material products,

Non-productive sector - industries producing non-productive services. Manufacturing sectors, depending on the use of the material product and the specifics of its creation, are divided into industry, agriculture and construction.

Heavy industry sectors, which include electric power, fuel industry, metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industries, woodworking and other industries.

Light industry sectors: textiles, clothing, footwear, fur.

Food industry branches: Canning industry, Dairy industry, Meat industry, Oil and fat industry, Pasta industry, Confectionery industry, Wine industry, Brewing and soft drinks industry, Fishing industry, Salt industry, Sugar industry.

Industries Agriculture, in turn, includes the sectors of crop production and livestock production.

In general, the totality of all structural units constitutes the macroeconomic structure of the national economy.

The structure of the national economy is a set of historically established stable, capable of reproducing functional relationships between various units of the national economy.

The following types of structure of the national economy are distinguished:

1) household, implying consideration of the structure of the national economy as the relationship between households. The selection of this type of structure is due to the fact that households are a powerful economic entity, producing a significant part of the national wealth, influencing the nature of other relationships;

2) social structure, based on the division of the national economy into certain sectors that are organically interconnected. The division is made according to various criteria, for example, population groups, enterprises, types of labor. Usually there are public and private sectors of the economy;

3) sectoral structure, which involves identifying sectors of the economy and determining the nature and essence of the relationship between them. A branch of the national economy is a unit of the national economy that performs similar functional tasks in the process of social production. This type of structuring of the national economy is of great importance, as it allows for high-quality forecasting of economic development;

4) territorial structure, which involves analyzing the geographical distribution of productive forces within the national economy - the division of the national economy into various economic regions;

5) the infrastructure of the national economy, based on the definition of the type and nature of interaction between economic spheres;

6) the structure of foreign trade, which involves analyzing the nature of the relationships between various product groups, their imports and exports.

2. Economic infrastructure: types and significance for the national economy

The word "infrastructure" is formed from a combination of the Latin terms "infra" - "under, below" and "structura" - "location", structure. There is an ambiguous definition of infrastructure. Firstly, it is understood as a set of service systems, the main task of which is to ensure the operation of production and provide various services to the population. Secondly, infrastructure is understood as a set of units whose activities are aimed at ensuring the normal functioning of the national economy.

Infrastructure is of great importance for the functioning of the national economy, representing its integral part. At the present stage of development of the Russian economy, the role of infrastructure in the economy is increasing, and the process of its improvement continues.

The following main types of infrastructure in the national economy are distinguished:

1) production infrastructure;

2) social infrastructure;

3) market infrastructure.

Production infrastructure is a set of units of the national economy, the main purpose of which is to ensure the normal functioning of the production process. For example, cargo transportation, tonnage ship transportation, etc.

Social infrastructure is a set of units of the national economy, the functioning of which is associated with ensuring the normal functioning of the population and people. Its role in the modern national economy is constantly increasing, and the main task is to ensure the livelihoods of the population at an increasingly higher quality level. The influence of social infrastructure on the national economy is that it allows for the reproduction of labor resources - the main resource of the economy.

Market infrastructure is a set of units of the national economy, the functioning of which is aimed at ensuring the normal functioning of the market and its development. It is represented by a collection of various organizations and institutions that ensure the activities of various sectors of the economy.

Bibliography

1. www.su.edusite.ru.

2. www.informbureau.com.

4. Emelyanov A.M. Agricultural Economics. - M., 1982.

5. www.ecsocman.edu.ru

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