Punctuation marks in complex sentences with conjunction and non-conjunction connections. Complex sentence with different types of connections.
Clue. Answers to the questions: what is a complex sentence and types of subordinate clauses can be found in tasks A24 and B6.
Rule.
The following algorithm will help you put punctuation marks in such sentences:
Trap!
If the subordinate clauses are homogeneous and there is a conjunction “I” between them, then before the second subordinate clause the repeated subordinating conjunction is skipped.
[This time I was already happy] , ( When the bell rang) And (Yurka burst into me).
It can be easily restored from context:
This time I was already happy when the bell rang and When Yurka barged into me).
This sentence follows the pattern: , () AND/OR ().
1. A comma at the junction of two conjunctions.
A comma at the junction of conjunctions can be used in two cases:
When between two stems connected by coordinating conjunctions, a subordinate clause is inserted, depending on the second stem.
With sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, when the second subordinate clause depends on the first, but at the same time requires a position in front of it.
Rule.
Algorithm of actions.
1. Highlight grammatical basics.
2. Identify conjunctions and determine whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses (main - those from which the question is asked; subordinate - to which the question is asked).
4. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences that are part of a complex one (conjunctions are often indicate to the beginning of new grammatical basics!).
5. Add punctuation marks.
Analysis of the task.
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old woman told (4) how it was.
First, let's define the grammatical basics and highlight which of them are the main ones and which are the subordinate ones.
[Lucy was gently insistent] and [(although it was difficult to remember everything o) gradually the old woman told] (how it was).
Thus we get:
According to the rules, in a complex sentence with heterogeneous subordinate clauses, all grammatical bases must be separated from each other by commas.
BUT! In this sentence there is a junction of conjunctions AND ALTHOUGH. We read the proposal. In its second part there is no continuation of the conjunction THAT, SO, BUT, therefore a comma is placed between the conjunctions: AND, ALTHOUGH.
[Lucy was gently insistent], (1) and, (2) [(although it was difficult to remember everything o), (3) gradually the old woman told], (4) (how it happened).
The correct answer is option No. 2.
Practice.
1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
It was getting dark (1) and (2) when we entered a sparse birch grove (3) the white trunks seemed to us like bright paper stripes stuck on the purple twilight.
1) 1, 2, 3 2) 2, 3 3) 3 4) 1, 2
2. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
At the fifteenth mile the rear tire burst (1) and (2) while he was repairing it on the edge of the ditch (3) the larks were ringing over the fields (4) as if they were worried about him.
1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 4
3. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
Kurin suddenly remembered the desperate eyes and perky freckles of the girl instructor (1) and (2) despite the fact that in front of him now there was a boring gray road (3) and he had to walk a few more kilometers under the scorching sun (4) he suddenly felt cheerful.
TASK 19.
PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
Task formulation: place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
At first, no one could understand (1) how the boat went against the current without a sail and a motor (2) but (3) when the people went down to the river (4) everyone saw a team of dogs pulling the boat.
The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4.
This task usually presents either a syntactic construction with a subordinating and coordinating connection, or a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
The above complex syntactic structure consists of four simple sentences. The first of these is the most important. An explanatory clause is attached to it using the conjunctive word how. The third sentence is connected to the second using a coordinating conjunction But. The fourth is a tense clause and is joined to the third by the temporary subordinating conjunction when.
What students should know to complete the task correctly: the topic “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connections.”
A complex sentence requires the presence of a main and subordinate clause. A subordinating conjunction or allied word, which can only be placed in a subordinate clause, allows you to discover which sentence is the main one and which is the subordinate one. From the main clause a question is asked to the subordinate clause. It is by the nature of the question that we determine the type of subordinate clause.
It is quite easy to establish the boundary between the subordinate clause and the main clause: the subordinate clause begins with a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word: A good deed is never stupid, because it is selfless and does not pursue a goal, benefit or “smart result”(D.S. Likhachev).
As we can see, this declarative, non-exclamatory, complex sentence consists of a main clause and a subordinate reason, which is attached to the main one using the subordinating conjunction IBO. We determined the type of subordinate clause by the question: why? for what reason?
The hardest time for students to see a subordinate clause is when it comes before the main clause: “If you conduct an argument from the very beginning politely and calmly, without arrogance, then you ensure yourself a calm retreat with dignity» (D.S. Likhachev). The subordinate clause begins the sentence, followed by the main clause.
Knowledge of the topic “Types of subordinate clauses” will help you to correctly place punctuation marks in this task. The table below contains this information. Remember that when determining the type of subordinate clauses, we rely on the question that we ask from the main part to the subordinate clause.
| J№ p/p | Type of subordinate clause | Question | Means of communication | The meaning of the subordinate clause | Example |
| 1. | Definitive | WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? | Conjunctive words: which, which, whose, who, what, where, where, where, whence | Is a definition in relation to a noun or pronoun in the main part | “You don’t need to bore your neighbors with continuous jokes, witticisms and anecdotes that have already been told by someone to your listeners.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) “A well-mannered person is one who wants and knows how to reckon with others...” (D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 2. | Explanatory | QUESTIONS OF INDIRECT CASES | Conjunctions: what, how, whether, as if, so that, as if not Conjunctive words: what, how, who, where, which, from where, why, how much... | Refers to the verb in the main clause and expresses additional clarification | “I am convinced that true good manners manifests itself primarily at home, in relationships with your family.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 3. | Mode of action, degree | HOW? HOW? IN WHAT DEGREE? | Conjunctions: so that, as, as if, exactly, as if, as if... Conjunctive words: how, how much... | Refers to a verb, adverb, adjective, noun in the main and expresses the meaning of the manner of action, degree | “Behave in such a way that modesty and the ability to remain silent come first.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 4. | Places | WHERE? WHERE? WHERE? | Conjunctive words: where, where, where... | Specifying the location | “Intelligence is present where respect for others, the world, and nature is demonstrated.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 55. | Time | WHEN? HOW LONG? SINCE WHEN? | Conjunctions: when, while, barely, only, since, as long as, while, before, as. | Clarification of validity period | As human culture moves forward, new values join the old ones, increasing their value for today. (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 6. | Conditions | UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS? | Conjunctions: if, if, if, if, if, once, as if, if soon. | Indication of the condition under which an action occurs, called a predicate verb | “If he is polite with his acquaintances, but gets irritated with his family on every occasion, he is an ill-mannered person.” (D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 7. | Causes | WHY? WHY? | Conjunctions: because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, for, since. | Explanation of the reason | “...I address myself mainly to the man, to the head of the family, because a woman really needs to give way... not just at the door.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| .8. | Goals | FOR WHAT? FOR WHAT? FOR WHAT PURPOSE? | Conjunctions: in order to, in order to, so that, if only, if only. | Purpose of an action named by a predicate verb | “...there is no need to noisily put your fork down on your plate, noisily sip your soup, speak loudly at dinner, or talk with your mouth full so that your neighbors won’t be afraid.” (D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 9. | Comparative | HOW? | Conjunctions: as, as if, exactly, as if, as if, similarly, similarly as, that, than, rather than... | Comparison of two actions, states | “Being able to apologize and admit a mistake to others is better than playing around, lying, thereby deceiving yourself first of all.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) |
| 110. | Consequences | Union: SO WHAT | Consequence, conclusion, conclusion | “It is in youth that a person’s mind is most receptive to the acquisition of knowledge, so do not waste time on trifles, on “rest”.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) | |
| 111. | Connection | Conjunctive words: what (in the nominative and indirect cases: what, what, what), why, why, why | Additional information, notes on all the main things | “A person brings good to people, alleviating their suffering from illness, which gives him the opportunity to receive real joy.” (According to D.S. Likhachev.) We were already walking on tiptoe in the corridor, which my sister was very surprised by. |
In order to correctly place punctuation marks, you need to know the types of subordination of subordinate clauses.
There are three types of subordination of subordinate clauses to the main one: sequential, homogeneous, parallel.
With CONSISTENT subordination, the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the first degree), the second - to this subordinate clause (clause of the second degree), etc.:
“People, unfortunately, learn little from books “about good manners” because books about good manners rarely explain why good manners are needed” (According to D.S. Likhachev). The first subordinate clause of reason is added to the main sentence (it is the first one), and to it, in turn, is an explanatory subordinate clause.
“When a person is so wounded that he cannot show generosity, at these moments he especially needs sympathy and support” (George Bernard Shaw). In the second sentence, a degree clause is added to the attributive clause.
With sequential subordination, sometimes conjunctions are nearby, and you need to be aware of punctuation at the junction of conjunctions.
Punctuation at the junction of conjunctions
The junction of conjunctions is the space in a sentence between two conjunctions: between two subordinating conjunctions; between the coordinating and subordinating conjunction.
A comma is placed at the junction of two conjunctions, If the second union has no continuation in
in the form of words TO, BUT, etc.
A comma is not placed at the junction of two conjunctions if the second conjunction has a continuation
in the form of words TO, BUT, etc.
Compare two sentences:
1. Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev wrote, what if you will have a respectful attitude towards others and a little resourcefulness, you will have a memory of the rules of good behavior, the desire and ability to apply them.
2. Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev wrote, what if If you have a respectful attitude towards others and a little resourcefulness, then you will remember the rules of good behavior, the desire and ability to apply them.
In these syntactic constructions there is a junction of conjunctions (two subordinating conjunctions WHAT + IF are located nearby).
In the first sentence, the second conjunction IF does not have a continuation in the form of the word THEN, so at the junction of the conjunctions we put a comma (WHAT, IF).
In the second sentence of the union IF there is a sequel as a word THEN (IF...THEN), therefore at the junction of alliances (WHAT IF) We don't put a comma.
With HOMOGENEOUS subordination, subordinate clauses refer to one common main clause and are identical in meaning - homogeneous, answer the same question and belong to the same type:
1. “If a person does not know how to understand another, attributing only evil intentions to him, and if he is always offended by others, this is a person who impoverishes his life and prevents others from living.”(According to D.S. Likhachev.)
As you can see, two subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, both subordinate clauses
answer one question: UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS? By the way, if it were not for the isolated circumstance expressed by the participial phrase, then the comma before the conjunction And, connecting two homogeneous subordinate clauses, would be absent. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have coordinating conjunctions, preceded by commas in the same way as with homogeneous clauses.
2.“In my book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful,” intended for children, I try to explain that following the path of goodness is natural for a person and that it is useful for both the person and the whole society as a whole.”(According to D.S. Likhachev).
In the second sentence, two subordinate clauses are homogeneous, answering the same question that we ask from one word in the main sentence
(explain WHAT?), they are connected by a single conjunction AND, so we do not put a comma in front of it.
You can also comment on proposal No. 3 below.
3. " Most of all, we are superior to animals in only one way: What we talk to each other So what we can express our feelings in words"(Cicero).
4. “In my letters I do not try to explain What so good and why a kind person is internally beautiful..."(D.S. Likhachev).
In the fourth sentence we see that with homogeneous subordination (two subordinate clauses) different connecting words can be used: WHAT and WHY.
5. “Once upon a time it was considered indecent to show everyone that an accident had happened to you and you were in grief"(D.S. Likhachev).
In the fifth sentence we see a more complex case when the second conjunction with homogeneous subordination is omitted.
Complex sentences with PARALLEL subordination refer to the same main thing, but are different in meaning: “If you strive for a high goal with low means, you will inevitably fail, so the saying “the end justifies the means” is destructive and immoral"(According to D.S. Likhachev).
The main clause is the second, the first subordinate clause is added to it with the help of
cabbage soup of the subordinating conjunction IF, being a subordinate clause (the sentence begins with it), the second subordinate clause (in order - the third) is attached to the main one with the help of the subordinating conjunction SO THAT is a subordinate clause of the consequence. Both subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause, but are different in meaning, i.e. we see parallel subordination.
“He who waits for luck never knows whether he will have dinner today"(Franklin).
Both subordinate clauses relate to the same main thing, answer different questions, and are subordinate clauses of different types, so we have before us a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses.
A comma at the junction of conjunctions can be used in two cases:
When a subordinate clause is wedged between two stems connected by coordinating conjunctions,
depending on the second basis.
With sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, when the second subordinate clause depends on the first, but
at the same time requires a position in front of him.
A comma is placed at the junction between them when there is no second part of the double conjunction after the subordinate clause then, so or union but:
At night, timber was brought to the river (1) and (2) when a white fog shrouded the banks (3) all eight companies
laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges. (Answer: 1234)
At night, timber was brought to the river (1) and (2) when a white fog covered the banks (3) THEN all eight companies
laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges. (Answer: 134)
empty, and no matter how much the philosopher rummaged in all the corners and even felt all the holes and traps in
roof, but nowhere did I find a piece of lard or at least an old knish, which, according to
As usual, it was hidden by the students.- There is no comma, because after the subordinate clause
sentences are a conjunction but.
Compare: The large ramshackle hut in which the bursa was located was decidedly
empty, and no matter how much the philosopher rummaged in all the corners and even felt all the holes and traps in the roof, nowhere
I didn’t find a piece of lard or, at least, an old knish, which, as usual, is hidden
were students. This sentence contains a comma because there is no conjunction BUT.
Another technique that allows you to determine whether you need to put a comma at the junction of conjunctions.
Try removing part of the sentence at the junction of conjunctions:
Thick clouds (1) and (2 although it was only the third hour of the day (3) it was already dark
Thick clouds were layered across the sky (1) and (3) it was already dark. Deletion is possible, so there is a comma after
the coordinating conjunction is placed, the answer is 123.
Deletion is impossible, which means a comma is NOT placed after the coordinating conjunction: At night, the tops of old linden trees were lost in the sky (l) and (2) if a strong north wind began (Z), then the stars seemed to fly from branch to branch (4) as if small fireflies were sitting on the trees instead. - At night, the tops of old linden trees were lost in the sky (l) and (2) ... (3) then the stars seemed to fly from branch to branch (4) as if small fireflies were sitting on the trees instead of them. Answer: 134
Could be so:
A comma is placed at the junction of two conjunctions if the sentence can be rearranged without distorting the meaning by rearranging the subordinate clause:
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was already dark;
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and it was already dark, although it was only the third hour of the day.
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was already dark. IN
In this sentence, such a rearrangement is impossible, since there will be nearby and but.
Algorithm of actions
1. Highlight grammatical basics.
2. Identify conjunctions and determine whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses (the main ones are those from which the question is asked;
subordinate clauses – to which the question is asked).
4. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences that are part of a complex one (conjunctions are often
indicate the beginning of new grammatical foundations!).
5. Pay special attention to the place in the sentence where the coordinating and
subordinating conjunctions.
6. After the subordinate clause there is no second part of the double conjunction then, so or the conjunction but, a comma is placed,
There is. - not set
7. Add all punctuation marks.
Analysis of the task
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old lady
told (4) how it was.
First, let's define the grammatical basics and highlight which of them are the main ones and which are the subordinate ones.
[Lyusya was soft persistent] and [(although recall All it was difficult) gradually old lady
told] (How it was a matter).
This sentence contains a junction of conjunctions AND ALTHOUGH. We read the proposal. It's not in the second part
continuation of the conjunction THAT, SO, BUT, it can be removed from the text (Lucy was gently persistent and gradually the old woman told how it was), therefore a comma is placed between the conjunctions: AND, ALTHOUGH.
[Lucy was gently insistent], (1) and, (2) [(although it was difficult to remember everything), (3) gradually
the old lady told], (4) (how it happened).
TASK A26
Task formulation: which answer option contains all the numbers correctly?,
for a month
those whose sentences should have commas?
At first, no one could understand (1) how the boat went against the current without a sail and
motor (2) but (3) when the people went down to the river (4) everyone saw a team of dogs pulling the boat.
1) 1 , 2 2) 1,3 , 4 3) 1 , 2,3 , 4 4)2,4
Correct answer№ 3. You are not mistaken?
This task usually presents either a syntactic construction with a subordinating and coordinating connection, or a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
The above complex syntactic structure consists of four simple
proposals.
The first of these is the most important. An appendage is attached to it n oh explanatory note
help of a union word what
.
The third sentence is connected to the second using a coordinating conjunction But. The fourth is when d grinding part with time value and
prisko d moves to the third using temporary d repair union When.
What is required from students: knowledge of the topic: "Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with
union and non-union connection.
Complex sentence with different types of connections. Punctuation on
With like unions."
1. Punctuation Ia at the junction of alliances
Since this task often contains such a punctogram as a junction of conjunctions, let’s repeat the theory and remember the corresponding punctuation rule.
Joint with the union - This is the space in a sentence between two conjunctions:
· between two subordinating conjunctions;
· between coordinating and subordinating body union.
A comma is placed at the end of two conjunctions if the second conjunction does not have a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT, etc.
The comma is not placed at the junction of two conjunctions, if the second conjunction continues not in
in the form of T words O, BUT, etc.
Compare two sentences:
1
.
Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev wrote, what if you will have a respectful attitude.
To
others and a little resourcefulness,
will remember the rules of good behavior,
desire and
ability to apply them.
2. Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev wrote, h
Toh if you will have there is no respect for
to others and a little nah O readiness, That memory will come to the rules of good behavior, desire and
ability to apply them.
In these syntactic constructions there is a junction of conjunctions (two subordinating conjunctions are located nearby WHAT+IF).
In the first sentence of the second conjunction ESL And there is no continuation in the form of the word TO , therefore, at the junction of alliances we are one hundred vim for the fifth (WHAT, IF AND).
In the second sentence of the union E SL AND there is a continuation in the form of the word T O (IF... THO),
therefore at the junction with Union (WHAT IF) we do not add a comma.
2. Punctuation before the conjunction AND in a complex sentence
In task A 26 there is one more t rudnost: punctuation before the conjunction I.
Let’s compare two sentences and determine which of them has a comma before the conjunction AND,
and which one doesn’t (no punctuation marks):
·
The young writer looked carefully at the people around him (1) and (2) l And
noticed something interesting (3)
wrote down my observations (4) so that eat
used put them in your books.
·
The four of us were having dinner that day (1) and (2) when dessert was served (3) capri girl h -
but said (4) that cherry compo t tasteless.
In the first sentence, the conjunction AND connects homogeneous predicates(looked closely" And
“recorded”), so there is no comma in place of the number 1.
In place of the number 2 we will put
comma:
this is the junction of the conjunctions AND+IF, with the second conjunction IF there is no continuation in the form of words A
THAT . Commas are also placed in place of the numbers 3 and 4, as on the border of the main and subordinate parts.
So the correct answer is:
2
,
3,4
.
In in t in this sentence the conjunction I connects two simple sentences in a complex G O
(first grammatical stem: “we had dinner”,
second grammatical stem:
“the girl said”), so a comma is placed in place of the number 1. In place of the number 2 you should also put
comma: this is the junction of the conjunctions AND+WHEN, with the second conjunction WHEN there is no continuation in the form e words
THAT. There should also be commas in place of the numbers 3 and 4, as on the border of the main and subordinate clauses
parts.
So the correct answer is:
1, 2
,
3
,
4
.
To complete task A26, use the following algorithm:
1. Indicate the grammatical bases in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syn. t axial construction.
3. Look, How are these sentences related? at home.
4. Find out whether the conjunction AND is present in the sentence, and if it is available in advance Please define what it connects:
· if the union And with ed removes homogeneous members, then there is no comma before it;
· if the conjunction AND connects simple sentences, then a comma is placed in front of it;
5. Install is there a junction of conjunctions in a complex syntactic construction, and in the case
determine its presence T e, is there a continuation with the second conjunction (through one simple transition? d position) in the form of words TO, BUT:
·
if the second conjunction does not have a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT, etc.. , comma with t hangs out
at the junction of two unions;
· if the second conjunction has a continuation in the form of words THEN, BUT etc. A comma is not placed at the junction of two conjunctions.
6. Find the boundaries between the main and the d a t full-time and in their places put commas.
An example of using the algorithm when performing task A26:
Place punctuation marks in the following paragraph dposition:
The summer has passedGOGoh I graduated from college
atT(1
)
And(2)
when did I arrivelfrom PeTerburGA(3) pro-
WithI'd be amazedl(
4
)
how our
Gorod.
This is a complex sentence, consisting of from the main part“Last summer
Years I graduated from college and would be simply amazed l") and two subordinate clauses(“when did I arrive
Petersburg”, “how our city has changed”).
In this complex syntactic construction, there is a parallel d repairing
clauses suggested and go to the main thing.
Approximate time me is joined using the conjunction WHEN, A the explanatory clause is connected with the verb and in through the conjunction word HOW
Before the union I, in place of the number 1, a comma is not placed, since the conjunction And connects homogeneous members: “he graduated and was amazed.”
In place of the number 2, a comma is necessary: this is the junction of the conjunctions AND + WHEN,
at the second union
WHEN there is no continuation in the form of the word THEN.
In place of the numbers 2, 4, commas are placed as on the border of the main clause and the subordinate clause.
So the correct answer is: 2,3,4
1. When there are two adjacent subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word), as well as when a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating (or conjunctive word) meet, a comma is placed between them, if the removal of the subordinate clause does not require restructuring of the main clause (practically - if no further follows the second part of the double conjunction then, yes, but, the presence of which requires such a restructuring), for example: The maid was an orphan who, in order to feed herself, had to go into service (L. Tolstoy) (the subordinate part to feed can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without restructuring the main part); Finally, he felt that he could no longer do it, that no force would move him from his place, and that if he now sat down, he would no longer get up (B. Polevoy) (conditional clause with a conjunction if it can be omitted or rearranged); And the woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes, and, although her words were familiar, Saburov’s heart suddenly ached from them (Simonov) (when removing the subordinate clause with the conjunction Although the prepositional-pronominal combination from them becomes unclear, but structurally such an exclusion is possible, therefore a comma is usually placed between the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in such cases).
If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a double conjunction, then a comma is not placed between the previous two conjunctions, for example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he extended his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes (Korolenko) (subordinate conditional with a conjunction if it cannot be omitted or rearranged without restructuring the subordinating sentence, since the words something and that will be nearby); The woman’s legs were burned and barefoot, and when she spoke, she scooped up warm dust with her hand to her inflamed feet, as if trying to soothe the pain (Simonov) (when removing or rearranging the subordinate tense with the conjunction when the words are nearby And And That).
Wed. also: A thunderstorm was approaching, and when clouds covered the entire sky, it became dark as at twilight. - A thunderstorm was approaching, and when the clouds covered the entire sky, it became dark, like twilight (in the second case, after the conjunction and, joining a complex sentence, a comma is not placed); The preparations dragged on, and when everything was ready to leave, there was no point in going (after the opposing union A in these cases, as a rule, a comma is not placed, since neither the removal nor the rearrangement of the subordinate clause following the conjunction is possible).
In sentences like “He left a long time ago, and where he is now, I don’t know,” a comma after the conjunction And not installed.
2. A comma is usually not placed between an connecting conjunction (after a period) and a subordinating conjunction, for example: And who you are, I know; Why this is being said, I don’t understand. The possibility of placing a comma after other connecting conjunctions is associated with the intonation-semantic highlighting of the subordinate clause, for example: However, if you so insist on your proposal, I am ready to accept it.