In a short period of time, the artists mastered the art of painting to perfection. Although the images retain a mostly planar character, instead of chiaroscuro, transitional shades and animations begin to play an increasingly important role. The accuracy and flexibility of the line, the subtlety of the stroke, the confidence and lightness of the stroke sometimes border on virtuosity. Items of small size or utilitarian purpose (salt cellar, chest for children's toys), as a rule, are painted with floral patterns, in which a rose flower, leaves, branches, plumage of birds are cut with white strokes. In decorative panels, the plot most often unfolds either in two or three tiers, or in several scenes, or in a single decorative painting. People are depicted in costumes that retain the features of the clothes of the last century. If the action takes place inside the building, then the interior of the premises resembles some kind of ancient architecture with bizarre columns, arches, and the free space is filled floral ornaments. Everything creates the impression of idleness, elegance from the contrasts of colors and from fantasy.
Today, the traditional folk art craft "Gorodets painting" is developing in the historical center of its origin and existence, as the art of decorating flat surfaces. Painting that does not require heat treatment allows craftsmen to use a wide variety of shapes, colors, and shades. The richness of its palette is boundless, and for 60 years the masters of the Gorodets painting factory have been preserving and developing the traditions of this folk art craft.
Gorodets painting on wood, a traditional art craft that developed in the middle of the 19th century in the villages along the Uzola River in the vicinity of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
The emergence of painting originates in the production of Gorodets spinning bottoms, inlaid with bog oak and decorated with contour carving. Unlike the widely used spinning wheels, carved from a single wooden monolith, the Gorodets spinning wheels consisted of two parts: a bottom and a comb. The bottom was a wide board, tapering to a head with a pyramidal “spear”, into the hole of which the comb leg was inserted. When the spinning wheel was not being worked on, the comb was removed from the spear, and the bottom was hung on the wall, becoming a kind of decorative panel.
In the middle of the last century, craftsmen began to enliven inlaid bottoms, first only by tinting the background, then by carving, and later by introducing colorful plot drawings. The earliest such bottom, which has survived to this day, was made by master Lazar Melnikov in 1859. Gradually, painting, technologically simpler, finally replaced labor-intensive inlay.
The Gorodets craftsmen transferred to painting not only the plots previously used in incrustation, but also a generalized interpretation of images, prompted by carving techniques. The painting used bright juicy colors of red, yellow, green, black, mixed with liquid carpentry glue. Over time, the range has expanded; in addition to traditional spinning bottoms, they began to manufacture and paint scouring boxes, wooden toys, furniture, even parts of the house, shutters, doors, and gates. In 1880, about 70 people from seven neighboring villages were involved in the fishery. Among the oldest masters who became the initiators of Gorodets painting, the names of the brothers Melnikov and G. Polyakov were preserved, later they were joined by painters who kept the secrets of craft at the beginning of the 20th century I. A. Mazin, F. S. Krasnoyarov, T. Belyaev, I. A. Chests.
Gradually, original techniques of Gorodets painting were developed, which, in their multi-stage nature, are close to professional painting. Initially, the background is painted, which is also a primer. On a colored background, the master makes “underpainting”, applying the main color spots with a large brush, after which he models the shape with thinner brushes. Finishes the painting with whitewash and black color, uniting the drawing into one whole. The finished plot is usually enclosed in a graphic frame or stroke. In the Gorodets painting there are many simple ornamental motifs - roses, buds, grasses.
With the development of the craft, the subjects of painting, borrowed, apparently from popular prints. In addition to traditional horses, tea parties, festivities, scenes from city life, characters folk tales, battle scenes inspired by the Russian-Turkish war.
The Gorodetsky fishery lasted about fifty years. Its heyday falls on the 1890s, when the production of Donets reached 4 thousand per year, but by the beginning of the 20th century, the fishery fell into decline. After World War I, painting production ceased completely, and even the most famous painters were forced to look for other ways to earn money.
The revival of the Gorodets painting is associated with the name of the artist I. I. Oveshkov, who arrived in the Gorky region in 1935 from Zagorsk. Through his efforts, a public workshop was opened in the village of Koskovo, bringing together old painters. Oveshkov took over not only the management of the workshop, but also organized professional training for artists. With his direct participation, the expansion of the range of painted products - boxes, wall cabinets for dishes, high chairs, folding screens - began. In 1937, the Gorodets masters participated in the exhibition " Folk art", held in Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, where modern products were demonstrated next to the Donets of the 19th century
In 1951, the Stakhanovets carpentry and furniture artel was opened in the village of Kurtsevo, headed by the hereditary painter A. E. Konovalov from Gorodetsk. Artel took up the manufacture of furniture with motives of traditional painting of cabinets, bedside tables, stools, tables; the range is constantly expanding. In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Gorodets painting factory.
Currently, the factory produces painted rocking toys, children's furniture, decorative panels, dishes, turning utensils. Although the functional purpose of the Gorodets products has changed, traditional motifs and images, long-legged horses, riders, magical birds, flowers-cups have been preserved in their paintings.
Copying is an obligatory moment in the study of painting. For some, it becomes only a stage, while others stop there.
We will need:
1 Squirrel or kolinsky brushes No. 1 - for contour work and No. 2 - for painting.
2 Artistic gouache (can be replaced with acrylic or tempera paint), + a jar of water.
3 dense sheet paper or product you want to paint (previously sanded)
4 Pencil, eraser, ruler.
5 Templates cut out of cardboard - circles of different diameters. I have - 5.5 cm - large; 4 cm - medium; 2 cm - small.
What are templates for? All flowers in the Gorodets painting are based on circles. In order not to mess with the compass, it is easier to circle the templates.
Elements of the Gorodets painting of today's lesson:
Rosan, otherwise kupavka - the largest flower;
Bud - a small rose, a smaller rose;
The sun - a socket - is smaller than a bathing suit;
Berries, apples are the smallest elements of the Gorodetsky bouquet.
In addition to flowers in Gorodets, there may be birds and horses, as well as plot scenes in the interior and in nature.
A flower arrangement is built according to one simple principle - from a large flower to a smaller one. The smallest element closes the flower garland.
Draw flowers as in the next example, and then start drawing leaves 2-3 pieces between the flowers (in general, as much as you like). The leaves are shaped like boats (two arcs are turned towards each other, look at the brackets on the keyboard). And you can do it differently - on the one hand, an arc, on the other, a little wavy line(a kind of tubercle - rocker)
Fill with leaves all the gaps between the flowers, where there is not enough space, you can also 1 leaf. At the ends of the flower branches, you can draw 3-5 leaves, as if with a bush.
In the center of the composition we will draw a bird or a horse. I will show you how to draw a bird. We begin to draw the line of the abdomen, but not in the center of the sheet, but slightly to the left.
a) First, draw a tummy, in fact just a wavy line. (the upper curve is smaller - this will be the neck and beak, and the lower curve is large - this is the tummy)
b) Now we draw a wing. It is located in the abdomen. The shape resembles a large drop lying on its side. The wing just falls in the middle of the leaf, that is, a large rose flower looks just at it.
Draw the head and back. Another wavy line. A tubercle in the region of the head, and further down, almost straight down to the wing.
c) legs. Under the belly, draw 2 lines about 1.5-2 cm long. Direct one towards the tail, the other almost straight. It is necessary to finish the thighs - this is again 2 lines - arcs.
The bird is ready and the whole composition as a whole is ready for painting.
A few tips:
Change the water in the jar more often. I change with every color change.
Do not leave the brush in a jar of water, the pile breaks, the handle comes off.
Do not use a good brush for mixing paints, use old low-quality glue brushes for this purpose.
Properties of gouache: when dried, it brightens 4 times, stains hands, and dries quickly. Therefore, do not leave jars of gouache open for a long time.
Don't be afraid to turn your work surface (album sheet is also one) so that it is always convenient.
The first stage is called “painting” and essentially resembles coloring. Now let's do this coloring. You can choose the colors yourself, or you can repeat mine. Basically, these are blue, red, or raspberry or burgundy whitened with white .. As a result, pink, blue. And orange and green in its pure form (without whitening). See below the process of painting on pictures without comments.
The second stage is called "shading". We paint over the cores (circles at the top of the flower) and shade the arches on the flowers with the color from which they were whitened (blue, raspberry). And on orange berries - a red or burgundy tint. Also the bird's tail.
The third stage is called "spreading". Let's start with black. We revitalize the leaves - we circle the side that I called the “arc” in black (only on one side), inside each leaf there are a pair of antennae of different lengths.
On the other side of the leaf, draw droplets or lines (from a large drop at the top to a small one at the bottom), the droplets are parallel and close to each other,
Let's add black feathers to the bird's tail and a couple of strokes on the paws.
Draw a bracket in the middle of a large rose in crimson color, and 2-3 drops of different lengths along the edges of it, repeating the shape of a circle. On the longest, put antennae curled towards the center of the flower.
Now let's liven it up with white color - draw "horseshoes" on the shading of the rose and buds,
Draw a dash on the cores.
Circle the petals of the rose from the inside, as well as the apples (orange) from the inside and put a tendril in the middle, and put a few drops on it; and circle the bracket in the center of the rose and make hatching, it is called the “beard” (everything is white). Put the droplets in the middle of the buds and roses and between the horseshoes.
Liven up the bird to your taste or, as I do, with the same methods - “horseshoes”, “antennae”, “droplets”, “pokes”.
The fourth stage is "revival". With a white match, put pokes on the leaves (right on the antennae), as well as on the cores, between the horseshoes, the eye of the bird, on the wing, at the ends of the white antennae (at the apples). You can also on the tail of a bird (I did not draw).
Put a few red drops on the bird's wing, and paint the frame red. It remains to draw with the help of drops (black) the stem between the flowers so that the flowers do not hang in the air and fill the empty space with tendrils emerging from the leaves. String parallel droplets or pokes on them (from largest to smallest)
Everything is ready!
Gorodets painting is a traditional Russian art, which has its own characteristics, and is very interesting for children. From the history of this type of painting, it is known that ordinary peasants used to do it, which gave a characteristic mixture of noble and simple-minded style.
The drawings were depicted mainly on a wooden base and were decorations for houses and household items. Today, Gorodets painting is adapted for children and adults, it can be depicted on a simple sheet of paper.
The colors that are used for this craft are very bright and cheerful. Gorodets painting and each of its elements is a symbol. So, the image of a horse with a lush mane and a long neck means wealth, firebirds - happiness, and bright flower buds - success in any endeavor. Therefore, each drawing carries its own symbolic meaning.
If we talk about the complexity of the technique, then it largely depends on the elements that will be present in the pattern. If you understand the secret of technology, then the drawing will turn out easily and quickly.
From this article you will learn
What to buy for lessons
The modern approach allows today to apply the technology of using Gorodets painting not only on wood, as it was originally, but also on an ordinary sheet of paper. IN school curriculum children are introduced to the methods of depicting animals and patterns of Gorodets masters.
To conduct lessons for children, you need to purchase such necessary supplies.
- The material on which the drawing will be displayed. For children who are just starting to take their first steps in Gorodets painting, plain paper or cardboard (not glossy) would be ideal.
For those who have already acquired the skills of the image technique, you can use wooden blanks for work. These can be cutting boards, plates, etc.
- Dye. Her choice also largely depends on how much children are engaged in this skill. If beginners, then gouache paints will do. The most common sets of 12 can be used.
- Tassels. They need to be selected in different sizes. It is better if these are brushes made of natural pile.
- Varnish. If you draw on a wooden surface, then after drying, the drawing must be fixed with a transparent varnish. It will protect the drawing from damage and prevent the colors from fading.
Image start
In order for the drawing to turn out really neat and beautiful the first time, it’s not enough to just desire and prepared materials. It is very important to learn the technique of applying the image. Here you need to understand how to hold the brush, how to lead, what movements to use to depict the details of the picture.
All Gorodets painting is done in three stages. The first thing to do is apply a background on which the drawing will be superimposed. Next, we perform the drawing in stages.
- Underpainting. Large color spots, which will subsequently serve as the basis for the image. These are big figures. For children, underpainting elements are very easy to come by.
They are applied in a thin layer, completely shaded. You need to sketch them very carefully so that there are no divorces, influxes or gaps. For a good result, it is better to paint with a flat, wide brush.
- Tkanevka. Brush number 2 is used. The essence of this stage is breaking the underpainting into parts and highlighting details.
- Animations. This is another technique in the Gorodets technique. Here comes the black and White paint, which highlight the accents of the picture. This stage is very difficult and requires concentration.
A lot of dots are applied to the underpainting and fabric with black and white paint, which give brightness and liveliness to the picture. It is important not to overdo it here, as a large amount of animation can ruin the drawing.
Gorodets painting will turn out very well if you learn how to hold the brush correctly. It should be perpendicular to the surface on which the pattern is applied.
In this case, the arm should be supported on the elbow and fixed by it, while the hand remains mobile and free. If it is difficult for a child to hold a hand in this position for a long time, then you can make support on the little finger. In this position, the hand is easier to draw smooth and regular lines.
The last thing in drawing Gorodets painting is to connect all the elements together in stages. Pictures should be bright and colorful.
This main feature this direction in art. If the child has learned to draw elements well on paper, you can continue and offer to draw on a wooden base.
Composition features
Gorodets painting has its own characteristics in the placement of the main elements. To make the drawing organic, you need to think it over very well and make a sketch. Only then are the elements transferred to the base. Children should be taught the basic compositional techniques gorodets painting.
In the center of the picture, one large element is necessarily performed. It can be one of the images:
- plant motif (flower);
- image of an animal (horse, bird).
Smaller pictures of flowers and leaves act as additional elements in the composition of the Gorodets painting. The composition ends with the design of the frame. She is also one of the decorations of the entire compositional range.
Gorodets painting requires the student to complete all the details in stages. He must understand that it will not be possible to quickly make such a drawing, since each of the stages is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Concentration and the desire to achieve a positive result - this is the main rule of an ideal drawing.
Many of us in drawing lessons learned about the existence of this naive, but so sunny and kind - Gorodets painting. Young ladies walk on painted boards, thin-legged horses gallop, unprecedented flowers grow...
Gorodets is a city in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, on the left bank of the Volga. It is one of the most ancient Russian cities-fortresses. Gorodets is the birthplace of a wide variety of crafts. It was famous for wood carving (“deaf” house carving), the manufacture of spinning wheels inlaid with bog oak (a board on which the spin sits), Gorodets painting, and carved gingerbread boards.
The emergence of Gorodets painting is associated with the production of wooden spinning donets in the villages located near Gorodets. The production of donets contributed to the emergence of the original local pictorial style.
Riders, carriages, ladies, soldiers, cavaliers, dogs - this is the pantheon of images created using the technique and style of carved Gorodets Donets, which is nowhere else to be found. Details and accompanying motifs were cut to the inserted figurines of horses and people made of bog oak - tree trunks and branches, silhouettes of birds sitting on them. Compositionally, the surface of the inlaid bottom was divided into two or three tiers. In the upper tier, two horsemen were depicted on the sides of a flowering tree with a bird on the branches, and dogs were depicted at the roots of the tree. The second tier was occupied by an ornamental strip, genre plot motifs were placed in the lower tier.
Compositions with horses, riders, trees and dogs still live in Gorodets murals. Fantasies on the theme of walks of gentlemen and ladies are varied, but horses are firmly preserved from traditional motifs. The image of a horse embodies the idea of beauty and strength.
In the middle of the 19th century, a transition was made from donets inlay to their painting. This process begins with the highlighting of the carved bottoms. Masters begin to revive with color light tone wood and black oak inserts.
A freer painting technique made it possible to create new plots, taught the beauty of a free pictorial stroke, which allows you to write without first drawing a contour.
Each master had his favorite shades of color and their combination. At the same time, they used common techniques to create a competent color. Gorodets masters were able to create a balance of colorful spots on the surface of an object, achieving unity of color and completeness of painting.
The time of addition of Gorodets painting takes about 50 years. The style of this painting is taking shape, the Gorodets ornament is born, in which large color forms and spots, stingy and laconic, become decisive.
In addition to the donets, children's wheelchairs and high chairs were painted. Close to the style of the painted donets were the paintings of urinals - bast boxes in which skeins of yarn were put. They wrote wedding stories with horses, grooms, gatherings: “a spinner and a gentleman in conversation”, “a bird on a tree”, “a dog near a tree”.
The period of 1870-1900, associated with the general rapid development of the fishing activity of the inhabitants of the forest Trans-Volga region, is marked by the final addition of the style of Gorodets painting.
After the decline experienced by the crafts at the beginning of the 20th century and the almost complete cessation of their activities in the First world war, the revival was a difficult matter. In the 1930s, public art workshops were organized.
In 1951, a trade carpentry, furniture and art artel was established in the village of Kurtsevo, the chairman of which was Aristarkh Konovalov, a hereditary master of Gorodets painting. His mother and uncle, grandfather and great-grandfather worked in the industry.
Since 1954, the production of children's furniture with Gorodets painting begins. In 1957, a class of Gorodets painting was opened at the Semyonov vocational school. The assortment of manufactured things is expanding very slowly, the famous rocking horse from Gorodets appears, and plot paintings begin to revive. In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Gorodetskaya painting factory, and in December 1965 the Kurtsevskaya factory merged with the Gorodets furniture factory into one enterprise, which received the general name Gorodets painting. In 1969, an experimental and creative laboratory was created at the factory, in which Faina Nikiforovna Kasatova began to work, in 1970 A.V. Sokolov and L.F. Bespalova, N.A. Stolesnikov. Beautiful craftswomen L.A. appear. Kubatkina, T.N. Rukina, P.F. Sorina, G.N. Timofeeva, N.N. Noskov. It is with the work of the experimental laboratory that searches in the field of new plot compositions are connected.
The choice of the first works fell on the themes and compositions of feasts with tea drinking at the samovar. All searches were based initially on diligent adherence to the methods of the old masters. At the same time, there was a search for the type of products in the paintings of which it is advisable to place plots. This work was carried out with the help of the Institute of Art Industry. The most original work of these years was the rectangular panel "Artistic Council" by Lilia Fedorovna Bespalova. In this composition, instead of dishes and a samovar, the scheme of the traditional Gorodets feast includes art products from Gorodets. Under the guidance of the artists of the laboratory, the quality of the work of Gorodets craftswomen is gradually improving, 60 of which begin to work in the author's group. They paint bread bins, decorative wall plates, shelves with sets of supplies or cutting boards, cake boards, supplies, chests, etc.
In 1985, six artists of Gorodets became laureates of the State Prize of the RSFSR. I.E. Repin.
The dominant color of Gorodets murals is either bright yellow chrome or cinnabar. They are usually the dominant color, the background of the entire painting as a whole; blue, green and sometimes "whitened" tones (pink, blue) are used to write a pattern, black and white - to work out the details.
Materials: Tempera. You can use gouache with the addition of PVA glue.
Two shades are made from each primary color: one is bleached, the other is more saturated.
Painting procedure:
BUT) The painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors.
B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil. The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. Medium details - unblown buds - connect large details to each other; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme and have little effect on the overall composition.
IN) In the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower.
G) On top of the light spots, thin strokes are applied with a second, darker color scheme of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke. Outline stroke - drawing, depicts the contours of the flower petals. At the same stage, leaflets are depicted between large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.
The whole painting consists of elements: circles - underpainting, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes.
D) The final stage of the painting is the application of strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called "animation" and gives the work a finished look. It is carried out with the thinnest brush.
E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with a colorless varnish.
The most common motives are:
flowers - roses, cupavki with symmetrical leaves;
animals - horse, bird
The "Tree of Life" is a traditional story that personifies nature. On both sides of the "tree", horses or birds can be depicted.
Riders, carriages, ladies, soldiers, cavaliers, dogs are traditional for the plot Gorodets painting.
There are three types of composition in the Gorodets painting:
flower painting;
flower painting with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird";
plot painting.
Such a division is conditional, since the plot painting is not complete without floral motifs, it is diverse in terms of construction schemes. And even if products with Gorodets painting are made on the basis of the same composition, but in different colors, you can not immediately catch the similarity.
So,
flower painting
This type is most often used, it is the easiest to perform. In a less complex version, a single flower with leaves diverging from it can be depicted at work. In a more complex version, for example, a strip of floral ornament is often depicted on the side walls, and the lid is decorated with flowers inscribed in a circle. On the lids of bread bins, flowers are usually arranged in a rectangle or rhombus.In floral ornament, the following most common types of ornament can be distinguished:
"Bouquet" - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes.
"Garland" is a kind of "bouquet", when one or two large flowers are located in the center, smaller flowers with leaves diverge from them to the sides. They can fit into a circle, a strip, or be placed crescent-shaped (on corner screensavers). This type flower ornament compositions are most often used when painting cutting boards, bread boxes, caskets, dishes, and children's furniture.
“Rhombus” is one of the variants of the “garland”, when one or more flowers are written in the center, forming the center, and the buds and leaves, gradually decreasing towards the tops of the rhombus, are located along its imaginary edges. This floral arrangement can most often be seen on rectangular cutting boards, chests, benches, cabinet doors, and bread boxes.
"Flower stripe" - has been preserved in the Gorodets craft from painted spinning wheels, where it separated the upper and lower tiers. Depending on what product it is written on, it can be a repeating ribbon composition of flowers of the same size, separated by pairs of leaves, or the same composition in which the following alternate: flowers of the same size, but different in pattern; flowers of the same size, but different in color; flowers, different in pattern, color and size. Such ornamental stripes are usually used when painting bulky items, such as round boxes. A narrow ornamental strip encircles plot compositions. The wider stripe is the middle tier in the three tier composition.
"Wreath" - resembles a "flower strip", but only closed along the edge of the dish or the lid of the box. Floral arrangements are usually symmetrical in the arrangement of motifs and color distribution.
Floral composition with the inclusion of the motif "horse" and "bird"
Just as in flower painting, motifs can be symmetrical in products depicting a horse and a bird. They are located on the sides flowering tree or inside a flower garland. Sometimes, among the symmetrically written floral ornament, there are two birds, asymmetrical in pattern, sometimes different in color. Sometimes, when a master performs a composition of several objects (for example, cutting boards), symmetry appears in the composition of the two extreme ones. On the extreme boards, various motifs of flowers can be depicted, or when writing birds, two motifs will be used: “rooster” and “hen”.
Note: The images of "rooster" and "horse" are symbols of the sun, wishes of happiness. The images of "rooster" and "hen" symbolize family well-being, wishing the family many children.
Gorodets painting is a Russian folk art craft. Exists since mid-nineteenth century near the town of Gorodets.
Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made with a free brushstroke with white and black graphic strokes, adorned spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
An artel was founded in 1936 (since 1960, the Gorodetskaya Rospis factory), which produces souvenirs; masters — D. I. Kryukov, A. E. Konovalov, I. A. Mazin.
Peculiarities
Two types can be distinguished in Nizhny Novgorod murals - Pavlovsk and Gorodets murals, which were used to decorate chests, arcs, sledges, children's furniture, spinning wheels and many small household items.
The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. All these images are conditional in character, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on caricature. This is the life of the peasantry, merchants, a magnificent parade of costumes.
A significant place is occupied floral motifs- lush "roses", painted widely and decoratively. According to A. V. Bakushinsky, the master became a true painter.
V. S. Voronov, who wrote that “the Nizhny Novgorod style presents us with the purest version of genuine pictorial art that has overcome the limits of graphic captivity and is based solely on the elements of painting…”
Along with genre realistic motifs, idealized, decorative images of birds and animals also live in Gorodets murals. There are exotic lions and leopards. Especially often the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, heraldically facing each other.
Gorodets motifs - scenes of city life
Panel. "My beloved Gorodets". Kolesnikova
Panel "Merchant Street" Kolesnikova
Panel "Walk Sloboda" Kolesnikov
Panel "Gorodets hospitable" Kolesnikov
Gorodetsky master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a magnificent curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques.
Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multi-colored Gorodetsky color splashes especially juicy.
In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is done with a brush, without a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke.
It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in technique, free in the movement of the brush. Gorodets flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov are characteristic.
History of Gorodets painting
The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in the villages located on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzora. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye, etc.
In the XVIII century. there is a center for the production of spinning donets and toys. Peasants took their products to sell at the fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting made on these products was called Gorodetskaya.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word "bottom" means "a plank on which a spinner sits, sticking a comb into it." Having finished the work, she took out the comb, and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. That's why craftsmen paid Special attention decoration of boards with carving and painting.
The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the life of a peasant woman. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father gave it to his daughter, the husband gave it to his wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen elegant, colorful, to everyone's joy and surprise. The spinning wheel was inherited, it was protected and kept.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay, which is very rare in folk art. The figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into recesses corresponding in shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood of two shades and using the simplest tool, craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
L. V. Melnikov was a well-known master of inlaid donets with tint.
In the future, the masters also began to use the tint of the bottom. A bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of XIX in. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by tinted bracket carving, and then the pictorial style of decoration began to predominate.
The plots of the ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, scenes from folk life.
Today, the traditions of the old masters are being revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them are award winners. I.E. Repin. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolov.
Marina Belova..Bochata.Wood, Gorodets painting.
Marina Belova.Suppliers.Bochata.Wood, Gorodets painting.
Tray M.M. Belova. Wood, Gorodets painting. 2005.
Set of cards. Visual aids for elementary school.