Taganskaya Square is a legendary place. Artisans once lived here, then they were replaced by merchants. Until the beginning of the 20th century, there was a brisk trade on Taganskaya Square. And its name was associated with the criminal world until a theater opened nearby, which became the most popular in Moscow. Story Taganskaya Square is the topic of today's article.
Craft settlement
Moscow burned many times. The most famous fire occurred in 1812. Once upon a time, artisans lived in the very center of the capital, making metal coasters for dishes and boilers. But in 15th century they had to move away from the Kremlin. Their trade was not safe.
In order to prevent another fire, the craftsmen moved to a new area, fenced off from the center by the Moscow River. This event can be considered the beginning of the history of Taganskaya Square.
From what word does the name of the district located in the east of Moscow come from? Tagans are the same products that were produced by the artisans mentioned above. The word is of Tatar origin.
Trading area
In the 16th century, a special defense against the enemy was built on the site where Zemlyanoy Val is today. A high gate was built on Taganskaya Square. From here roads led to Novgorod, Ryazan, Suzdal and Vladimir. Taganskaya Square in Moscow has become quite a popular place among merchants.
In order to get into the city, you had to pay a fee. Traders, in order to save money, stopped near the gate. This is where the sales were made. In the middle of the 17th century, trade from wagons was banned on the central streets. Then one of the most popular market places in Moscow was the square, which today leads to the exit from the Taganskaya metro station.
The area was divided into two parts for a long time. The wooden trading rows burned down during the fire of 1812. It was through Taganskaya Square that Muscovites left the city, fearing the entry of Napoleon's troops. A few years later, stone trading rows were built here. The author of the project was Osip Bove, a man who made a huge contribution to the restoration of the city after the events of 1812.
Until the end of the 19th century, the area located between Moscow river Yauza, called Zayauzem. As mentioned above, the square got its name from the word "tagan" - a metal product intended for boilers. But there is another version. "Tagan" in translation from Turkic - "hill". Indeed, the area in which the square is located is located on the hills.
One of the most famous and most terrible prisons in Russia has been towering near Taganskaya Square for more than 150 years. What interesting things can be said about it and about other attractions located in the area?
Theatre
The names of many streets of the Tagansky district still keep the memory of their first inhabitants. In the old days, artisans lived here: potters, masons, boilermakers, shoemakers. Under Catherine II, the first estates appeared in Zayauzye, mostly merchants. At the beginning of the 20th century, Taganka became a full-fledged Moscow district, in which, however, brilliance and poverty were surprisingly combined.
Building the famous Theater on Taganka was built in 1912. After the revolution, the Vulkan cinema was located in this house. Later, a branch of the Maly Theater was located here. The building acquired great cultural significance in the 1960s. Then drama theatre and comedy, which existed here since 1946, was headed by Yuri Lyubimov. The new director assembled a new troupe, which soon became famous throughout the country. Actor Vladimir Vysotsky became one of the symbols of the Soviet era.
temples
The Novospassky Monastery is the oldest in the capital. It was founded in the 12th century by the son of Alexander Nevsky. Today the ensemble of the monastery unites several temples, including the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior. Here is one of the highest bell towers in Moscow. During the revolution, a branch of the Taganskaya prison was located in the monastery complex. She herself was very close.
Taganskaya prison
There was a legend among the locals that the monastery and the prison were connected by an underground passage. The prison, built by the decree of Emperor Alexander I, remained only in the people's memory. The Taganskaya prison, to which many hard labor songs are dedicated, was for many years the most gloomy object in the region. It was demolished in 1958.
There was an opinion among those who broke the law that getting into this prison meant saying goodbye to their freedom forever. Among the inhabitants of "Tagank" there were also fiery revolutionaries: Anatoly Lunacharsky, Nikolai Bauman and others. However, the "political" have never been held in high esteem here. Criminals ruled in the Taganka prison. One of them was Osip Shor. This famous swindler is the prototype of Ostap Bender.
With the advent of Soviet power, Taganskaya Square received a new name. It was renamed to October. However, not for long. After all, two squares were named in Moscow in honor of the revolutionary month. In addition to the one discussed in this article, Kaluzhskaya Square was also named Oktyabrskaya. She retained this name until 1993. Taganskaya returned the former in the 20s.
architectural features
Taganskaya Square was once divided into two parts, in this state it existed until the end of the 30s of the last century. In the 1940s, several houses were built not far from it, on Goncharnaya Street.
The surroundings of Taganskaya Square are architecturally rather disordered. Along with the so-called stalinkas, multi-storey buildings erected in 1989 rise here. Radical changes in the history of Taganskaya Square took place in the 60s, when the construction of a tunnel began here. Then they demolished both the shopping malls and part of the ancient buildings located nearby.
In 1950, a metro station of the same name was opened near Taganskaya Square. At first, the lobby was decorated with a portrait of Stalin. In 1954, Joseph Vissarionovich was replaced by Vladimir Ilyich.
Farewell to Vysotsky
At the end of July 1980, the largest public meeting in its history took place on Taganskaya Square. There were no reports in the media about Vysotsky's death. Nevertheless, on July 28 at the theater, on the stage of which the actor played his best roles, formed a kilometer queue.
These days, the Olympics were taking place in the capital - an event due to which a futile attempt was made to hide the death of the famous artist from Muscovites. Thanks to Yuri Lyubimov and Vladimir Vysotsky, the name of Taganskaya Square acquired a positive connotation.
Former merchant's estate Dugino is located in the village of Meshcherino, Leninsky district. It was owned by the manufacturer and artist Nikolai Vasilyevich Meshcherin. Spent thirteen years in Dugino famous painter, art critic and restorer Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar. He was friends with Nikolai Vasilievich, and later became related to him by marrying his niece Valentina Mikhailovna Meshcherina. Today the main house and the estate are abandoned. In 2014 former house N.V. Meshcherina was badly damaged by fire.
The father of Nikolai Vasilyevich Meshcherin was a wealthy peasant from the Kaluga province. Vasily Efremovich Meshcherin engaged in petty trade in Moscow, saved up money, and in 1867 was able to buy out an old cloth factory in Danilovskaya Sloboda. At that time, the factory was in decline, but Vasily Meshcherin short term set up production. He equipped the enterprise with steam engines and new looms. In less than ten years, the number of workers at the factory has grown from two hundred to a thousand people. Thanks to commercial talents, Vasily Meshcherin was able to enter the merchant class.
Being already a rich manufacturer, Vasily Efremovich Meshcherin picked up a Tatar orphan boy on one of the Moscow streets and raised him in his family. He baptized him Orthodox rite and gave his last name. The grandson of this adopted boy, Vyacheslav Valerianovich Meshcherin, became a famous Soviet experimental musician. In 1957, he organized an ensemble of electric musical instruments, which sounded the theremin, electric organ, electric button accordion, clavialine and other electric instruments unusual for those times.
Vasily Efremovich also had his own children: three sons and one daughter. The eldest son, Nikolai Vasilyevich Meshcherin, headed the management of the Danilov factory after the death of his father. According to the recollections of friends, Nikolai was a man of a "lyrical warehouse" and was burdened by commercial activities. The son of a successful merchant and manufacturer was more drawn to artistic creativity. Nikolai Vasilyevich became friends with artists and began to paint himself. At the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, Nikolai Meshcherin studied with Vasily Vasilyevich Perepletchikov, another artist who came from a merchant background. Nikolai Vasilievich took his first drawing lessons from him. Artistic creativity was easy for Nikolai Meshcherin, although he took up it at the age of thirty. Soon Meshcherin's sketches were noticed and appreciated by Isaac Levitan, and the World of Art magazine placed some of them on its pages.
A friend of Nikolai Meshcherin, Igor Grabar, in his autobiography “My Life,” recalled the artist as follows: “He was married and childless. When I met him, he was about forty. Among the artists, he stood out for his patriarchal large beard-shovel, black, slightly touched with gray hair. He, like the whole family, by the way, was a cruel neurasthenic, went to bed in the morning, got up in the afternoon, sometimes even at two and three in the afternoon, ate only the lightest dishes, no heavier than one chicken cutlet, mainly ate caviar and eggs soft-boiled. But he destroyed an incredible amount of tea, and the samovar in Dugin did not leave the table day or night. Grabar also recalled that Nikolai Vasilyevich was cautious, suspicious of his health and constantly consulted with doctors. His brother Mikhail Vasilievich Meshcherin, who often came to Dugino to hunt, on the contrary, seemed cheerful, cheerful and did not recognize doctors. Igor Grabar married the daughter of Mikhail Vasilyevich in 1913.
Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar was born in Budapest. His father participated in the Rusyn movement in Transcarpathia and Galicia, which at that time were part of Austria-Hungary. When Igor was five years old, his father moved to live in Russian empire. He settled in the city of Yegorievsk near Moscow, and after a while he moved the whole family there. Igor Grabar in 1880-1882 studied at the Egorievsk progymnasium, and continued his studies in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Dugino near Moscow became Grabar's home and source of inspiration for many years.
Grabar met Nikolai Meshcherin at art exhibition in December 1903. Meshcherin persuaded Grabar to stay at the Dugino estate near Moscow, where Levitan had come shortly before him. Grabar agreed and soon went to the estate of a new acquaintance. The estate was located twenty-eight miles from Moscow on a high hill, from which picturesque views of the surrounding villages and the bed of the Pakhra River opened. Grabar was driving to Dugino on a sleigh along a snowy road and, admiring the views, he thought: “Here it is, a typical nature near Moscow!” The artist was impatient to paint sketches of landscapes.
All the famous Moscow artists of that time visited the Dugino estate. Grabar recalled how Ilya Ostroukhov and Valentin Serov came to Meshcherin. Isaac Levitan once appreciated the work of Nikolai Meshcherin, in which he depicted village sheds. Inspired by Meshcherin's sheds, Levitan soon created a series of his own sheds.
Grabar's first visit to Dugino dragged on for several months. He painted winter and then spring sketches of the estate and its environs: Churilkovo, which he jokingly called Churilkendorf, Komkino, Kolychevo. Grabar assessed the Dugin period of his life as follows: “Of course, I got stuck for the second winter, for the second, third, fourth and thirteenth year, turning into one of the Dugin natives. These thirteen years were the most ebullient in my artistic activity, and in the activities of literary, architectural and construction, and to a large extent in the museum.
Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar far outlived his friend. In 1916, Nikolai Vasilyevich Meshcherin died when he was fifty-two years old. The artist was buried near the Dugino estate in the Lukinsky Holy Cross Monastery. Shortly after the revolution, the Danilov factory was nationalized. AT Soviet years it became known as the Moscow Cotton Factory named after M.V. Frunze. The widow of the artist Lidia Ivanovna Meshcherinova was left without her former means, and she had to sell paintings, including some of Grabar's works created in Dugino. Nikolai Vasilyevich Meshcherinov was a modest artist, and in history he remained in the shadow of the famous guests of his estate.
SALES CLOSED!
"Manor of Artists" is a first-class small-apartment residential complex, which is located in the center of the Shuvalovo-Ozerki quarter in St. Petersburg, 100 meters from the Big Suzdal Lake. It was built according to the project famous architect B.A. Podolsky. The object was commissioned in 2005. The sale has been completed.
The complex includes 5 two- and three-story townhouses (from 175 to 310 sq.m.) and 13 small-apartment houses with one- and two-level apartments with an area of 103-176 sq.m. m.
The buildings are built of brick with a waterproof coating. Wooden double-glazed windows made of larch were used. The decorative decorations of the facade are made of the same material. Natural stone was used as a cladding for the foundation.
The entire infrastructure used by the residents of the complex (sewage, water supply, gas supply, electricity) is centralized urban. Heating is provided by individual boilers for each apartment. Each dwelling has a fireplace. The apartments were originally conceived in free layouts and with preparation for fine finishing.
The residential complex has built-in garages and parking. The territory of the "Manor of Artists" is under guard and video surveillance.
Transport accessibility of the mini-quarter is at a high level. The nearest station is 15 minutes on foot. The nearest ring road interchange is about 5 km. The price of housing, which was announced at the time of sale - from $ 278,000.