The life and work of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870–1953) Author Legotskaya Vera Sergeevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5", Bryansk
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All his life, destiny, biography belongs to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin of Russia, great Russian literature. M. Roshchin He is the loving son of the Russian Noah, and he does not laugh at his father's nakedness, and is not indifferent to it ... He is connected with Russia by a fatal connection. Julius Aikhenval I.A. Bunin. Artist V. Rossinsky
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The childhood of the future writer, who was born in Voronezh, in 1870, in a family of Oryol landowners, passed on the Butyrka farm, near Yelets. House-Museum of I.A. Bunin in Yelets. The writer's study Belonging to one of the most noble "literary" families, who bestowed Russian literature on Vasily Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunina, the boy began to write poetry from the age of seven.
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Expelled from the gymnasium for poor progress, he was educated at home under the guidance of his brother Julius. In 1887–1892 the first publications of poems and critical articles appear, then the stories of I. Bunin. I.A. Bunin with his brother Julius. Photo 1893
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In 1900 Bunin's story "Antonov apples" was recognized as a masterpiece of the latest prose. In 1903, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the poetry collection Falling Leaves and the translation of the Song of Hiawatha. In 1915, the publishing house of A.F. Marx published the complete works of Bunin. I.A. Bunin. Photo 1915
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In 1907, the writer and his wife V.N. Muromtseva set off on a journey through the countries of the East in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. In 1910, he set off on a new journey - first to Europe, and then to Egypt and Ceylon. Bunin's personal belongings: a map of East Asia, guidebooks, a leather wallet, a cork hat, amber and cypress rosaries - were brought by him from his travels in the Spring of 1907. The first trip to Syria, Palestine. I. A. Bunin in Ceylon. March 1911
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In the autumn of 1912 - in the spring of 1913, the writer again went abroad: to Trebizond, Constantinople, Bucharest, and the Bunins spent three winters in 1913-1915 in Capri. In November-December 1911, Bunin finished the famous story Sukhodol at the Quisisana Hotel, wrote the stories The Good Life, The Cricket, and Night Talk. Bunin wrote very quickly and immediately sent ready texts in Petersburg magazines. The publication of Bunin's stories caused an ambiguous reaction in Russia: Black-Hundred criticism wrote, for example, that Bunin's image of the Russian village is "staining the people, poetry of bad smells, millions of fleas and lice, footcloths and footcloths."
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“Around me is a dead hot sea of dunes and valleys, rocks half-covered with sands and burial grounds. Everything glitters like satin, separating from silky azure. Everywhere deathly silence and the abyss of fiery light: I walk and keep my eyes on the Sphinx. His torso is carved entirely from granite - only the head and shoulders are attached. The chest is upholstered, flat, layered. Paws are disfigured. And all of it, rough, wild, fabulously huge, bears traces of that terrible antiquity and that struggle that from time immemorial was destined for him, as the guardian of the "Land of the Sun", the country of life, from Set, the god of death. It is covered in cracks and seems lopsided from the sands that obliquely cover it. But how calmly, calmly, he looks somewhere to the East, to the distant sunny-hazy valley of the Nile. His womanly head, his five-yard noseless face evokes in my heart almost the same reverence as in the hearts of Khufu's subjects.
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In the period from 1907 to 1915, Ivan Alekseevich not once visited Turkey, the countries of Asia Minor, Greece, Oran, Algeria, Tunisia and the outskirts of the Sahara, India, traveled almost all of Europe, especially Sicily and Italy, was in Romania and Serbia.
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In 1909, the Russian Academy of Sciences elected Ivan Alekseevich Bunin an honorary academician in the category of fine literature. In 1912, in connection with the 25th anniversary of the writer's creative activity, he was honored at Moscow University; in the same year he was elected an honorary member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature (in 1914-1915 he was the chairman of this society).
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Having tragically survived the October Revolution, Bunin, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, leaves for emigration. After a number of trials, the Bunins remain in France, where almost the entire second half of the writer's life will pass, marked by the writing of 10 books, collaboration with the leading "thick" magazine of the Russian abroad "Modern notes", the creation of the novel "Arseniev's Life". I.A. Bunin with his wife V.N. Muromtseva
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In 1933, Bunin became the first Russian writer to be awarded Nobel Prize"for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in fictional prose the typical Russian character." I.A. Bunin accepts congratulations after the Nobel Prize was awarded to him. Stockholm. Photo 1933
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In 1934, the Berlin publishing house "Petropolis" began to publish an 11-volume collection of Bunin's works, which he himself would consider to be the most fully expressing the author's will. I.A. Bunin in the office.
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During the German occupation of France, wanted Jews are hiding in the Bunins' hideout in Grasse. In 1943, the top book of Bunin's prose "Dark Alleys" was published in New York. In the late 1940s, Bunin carefully approached the Soviet representatives in France, discussing the possibility of publishing his works in the USSR; however, in the end, he refuses to return.
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Ivan Alekseevich Bunin Forgetting about grief and suffering, I believe that in addition to vanity, On earth there is a world of charm, A wonderful world of love and beauty.slide 2
Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois “Things and deeds, if they are not written, are covered with darkness and indulge in the coffin of unconsciousness, writing as if animated ...”. Spiritual life elevated the writer above the chaos of passing life and immortalized his name.
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Born October 22, 1870 Voronezh His mother, Lyudmila Alexandrovna Bunina, nee Chubarova, later said that "Vanya from birth was different from other children." Already in his infancy, she knew that he would be special, for "no one has such a subtle soul as he does." Grandfathers and great-grandfathers - well-born landowners His father, Alexei Nikolaevich, a participant in the Crimean War, an impetuous and careless person, led a stormy life of a reveler and a player. Mother was selflessly devoted to the family, children,
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Childhood and youth youth the future writer and poet spent on the Butyrki farm of the Yelets district of the Oryol province. “Here,” he wrote, in the deepest silence of the field, among the richest in black soil and the poorest in nature, in the summer among the grains approaching our very doorsteps, and in the winter among the snowdrifts, all my childhood passed, full of sad and peculiar poetry.
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First love At the age of 20, love came to him. Deeply, without a trace, he was captured by his feeling for Varvara Pashchenko. The girl's father, a very wealthy and practical man, a doctor, was against marriage with Ivan Alekseevich, considering him "not a couple of daughters." Varvara, like her parents, was frightened off by Bunin's poverty. She rejected Bunin's proposal to marry secretly, but lived with him as a wife for almost 5 years. Meanwhile, she secretly met with the young and wealthy landowner Arseny Bibikov, whom she later married.
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In 1898 Bunin went to Odessa. Here he became close to a circle of South Russian artists, many acquaintances appeared. In the same year, he suddenly and quickly, after only a few days of acquaintance, married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, the daughter of the publisher and editor of the Southern Review newspaper. The marriage was short-lived. The breakup happened at the insistence of his wife. Already after the break, in 1900, Bunin had a son, who was named Nikolai. Bunin was very attached to his son, but he could not see him often ... This charming child died of meningitis at the age of five. Bunin had no more children.
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The beginning of Bunin's work as a prose writer was truly noticed after “ Antonovsky apples". And at the beginning of 1901, a collection of poems “Leaf Fall” was published. He received the highest literary award three times, and in 1909 he was elected an honorary member of the academy. “When I write a review about your book of poems, I ... will compare you with Levitan, whom I also love dearly, whom I always enjoy ... What I would like ... Your pen - hardness! Those. - cheerful spirit, joy of the soul. You would shine one day, in verse, smile cheerfully at people, ”M. Gorky wrote about Falling Leaves.
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Happy marriage important event in Bunin's life there was a meeting in 1907 with "a quiet young lady with Leonard's eyes from an old noble family" - Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. She graduated from the natural department of the Higher Women's Courses, owned foreign languages, fond of literature, art. Vera Nikolaevna managed to create an atmosphere of love, care, attention, modest self-sacrifice, in which Bunin lived and worked so well and calmly. Thirty-seven-year-old Bunin finally found family happiness.
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Revolution. " cursed days» In the spring of 1918, together with his wife, Bunin left Moscow for the south of Russia. “Just think,” he was indignant in Odessa, “you still have to explain to one or the other why I won’t go to serve in some Proletkult! It is also necessary to prove that it is impossible to sit next to the emergency room, where almost every hour someone is smashed in the head, and to enlighten about "the latest achievements in the instrumentation of verse ...". In January 1918, while still in Moscow, Bunin began to keep a diary, continuing it in Odessa; from diary entries, the book “Cursed Days” was born, published in the 1920s already in exile.
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Emigration “I don't want to be an immigrant. For me, this is a lot of humiliation. I am too Russian to flee my land,” wrote Bunin. The decision to leave Russia was not easy. Ivan Alekseevich delayed and hesitated. But "... after making sure that our further resistance threatens us only with fruitless, senseless death, we went to a foreign land." At the beginning of February 1920, on the French steamer Sparta, together with his wife, he left red Odessa.
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Nobel Prize The memory of the Motherland nourished his work all his life. In Grasse, a small town near Paris, where the Bunins lived long years, his most significant works were written. Among them is the novel "The Life of Arseniev", for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
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War “We all carried Russia, our Russian nature with us, and wherever we are, it is in us, in our thoughts and feelings,” wrote Bunin. The feeling of the motherland was especially strongly manifested during the war with Nazi Germany. He did not leave the radio to find out the truth about the advance of the Soviet troops, and then wrote down what he heard in his diary.
Self-education occupied an important place in the life of the future writer. He was interested in foreign and domestic classics - the best examples of literary creativity.
At the age of 17 he writes his first poems - at this time his debut in print takes place.
Soon he gets a job at the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. Bunin meets a young employee - Varvara Pashchenko. The young poet begins an affair with her - soon the couple moves to Poltava.
Ukraine, its culture and flavor, had a great influence on the writer's work. He begins to actively write prose. Bunin visited the grave of Taras Shevchenko - Ivan Alekseevich liked the poems of the Ukrainian poet. He also did their translation.
Traveling along the Dnieper inspired the writing of the essay "On the Seagull".
Over the past decade XIX century - early XX century, collections “Under open sky”, “Poems”, “Leaf fall”. Bunin meets Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
The personal life of the author was rich. First, his wife was the daughter of a wealthy Odessa citizen Nikolai tsakni - Anna. The marriage did not last long. Soon the writer met Vera Muromtseva - she was also a writer and translator.
During the revolution of 1917 and civil war lived in Odessa. Supported white army. After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he leaves Russia for France. Maintains relations abroadpro-monarchist organizations.
In 1933 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The most famous translations are Cain by George Byron and the Song of Hiawatha » Henry Longfellow.
He lived in France during World War II. Continues to work in a classical manner. In those years, "Dark Alleys" were written, " Sunstroke"," Mitya's love.
The literary portrait of Anton Chekhov remained unfinished. This was his last work. Ivan Alekseevich died in Paris in 1953.
After his death, during the Thaw, Bunin was one of the most published writers of the USSR. But not all were published. Some works became available to the reader only during the reign of Gorbachev.
The main theme is an outline of the life of the people, the relationship of people. The writer's prose is distinguished by subtle lyricism and psychologism. His works are closer to the Russian classics of Tolstoy, Turgenev, and not to literature 20 century. The author wrote about the life of the nobility, ordinary people about love and morality.
Literature presentation on the topic: “The life and work of I. A. Bunin” Prepared by a student of class 11 “B” of the MBOU “Lyceum No. 1 named after A.P. Guzhvin, Kamyzyak city” Aktaeva Aliya. Leader: teacher of literature Mamaeva Olga Rafailovna.
Ivan Bunin was born on October 10, 1870 into an old noble family in Voronezh, where he lived for the first three years of his life. Subsequently, the family moved to the Ozerki estate.
Father - Alexei Nikolaevich Bunin (1827-1906), in his youth he was an officer, participated in the defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855), where he met with Leo Tolstoy, mother - Lyudmila Alexandrovna Bunina (née Chubarova; 1835--1910) .
Until the age of 11, he was brought up at home, in 1881 he entered the Yelets district gymnasium, in 1885 he returned home and continued his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius. He was engaged in self-education a lot, being fond of reading world and domestic literary classics.
At the age of 17 he began to write poetry, in 1887 he made his debut in print. In 1889 he moved to Oryol and went to work as a proofreader for the local newspaper Orlovsky Vestnik.
Working as a proofreader for the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, Bunin met Varvara Pashchenko. Parents are not happy with their relationship, so the lovers Barbara and Ivan in 1892 are forced to leave for Poltava.
In 1895, after a long correspondence, Bunin met A.P. Chekhov.
In the 1890s, Bunin traveled on the steamer Chaika along the Dnieper and visited the grave of Taras Shevchenko, whose work he loved and subsequently translated a lot. A few years later, he will write an essay about this journey "On the Seagull", which will be published in the children's illustrated magazine "Vskhody" on November 1, 1898.
In 1899, Bunin married the daughter of a Greek revolutionary, Anna Tsakni, but the marriage did not work out, the only child died at the age of 5.
In 1906, Bunin cohabited (married in 1922) with Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, niece of S. A. Muromtsev, Chairman of the State Duma Russian Empire 1st convocation.
Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times. In 1909, he was elected an academician in the category of fine literature, becoming the youngest academician of the Russian Academy.
In February 1920, when the Bolsheviks approached, he left Russia. Emigrates to France. During these years, he kept the diary "Cursed Days", partially lost, which struck contemporaries with the accuracy of the language and passionate hatred for the Bolsheviks.
In exile, he was active in social and political activities. He delivered the famous manifesto about the tasks of the Russian Diaspora in relation to Russia and Bolshevism: "The Mission of the Russian Emigration". In 1933 he became the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
second world war spent at the Jeannette rental villa in Grasse. Worked a lot and fruitfully literary activity, becoming one of the main figures of the Russian Diaspora. In exile, Bunin wrote his the best works, such as: "Mitina's Love" (1924), "Sunstroke" (1925), "The Case of Cornet Elagin" (1925), and, finally, "Arsenyev's Life" (1927-1929, 1933) and the cycle of stories " Dark alleys» (1938-40). These works have become a new word in Bunin's work, and in Russian literature as a whole.
According to the Chekhov Publishing House, recent months life Bunin worked on literary portrait A.P. Chekhov, the work remained unfinished. He died in his sleep at two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953 in Paris. According to eyewitnesses, a volume of Leo Tolstoy's novel "Resurrection" lay on the writer's bed. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery in France.