• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• L.N. Tolstoy - the story "Childhood". In this work, the writer explores the process of character formation. In the mind of the hero Nikolenka Irtenyev, the whole richest spectrum of life impressions was reflected: childhood, family, class. Gradually, the hero begins to discover the world around him, people and explore his own soul. So, Nikolenka feels his moral separation from friends and acquaintances. The father's authority is collapsing: the hero begins to realize that his mother is deprived of his attention. “The tragedy of the ruined life of the faithful master's slave Natalya Savishna is revealed. The first competition of minds and characters takes place: Nikolenka and Volodya's older brother, Nikolenka and Seryozha Ivnin. Unconscious cruelty is manifested ... - pushing around Ilenka Grap. The main result of childhood is that all things and relationships are in motion, you are not alone in the world.
• I.A. Goncharov - the novel "Oblomov". In this novel, the author deeply explores the nature of his hero, the origins of his character, in the pictures of Oblomov's childhood. The author gives us these pictures in Oblomov's Dream. We see here a description of nature. Her serenity, calmness is akin to a fairy tale. In this place there are no "dense forests", a sad sea, mountains and abysses. But the sky there is “like a parental reliable roof”, the sun “shines brightly and hotly around noon and then moves away ... as if reluctantly ...”. And all the nature there represents "a series of ... cheerful, smiling landscapes ...". This Central Russian nature with the unhurried flow of rivers, the serene spirit of the fields influenced the gentle character of Ilya. Next, we come across a description of the landlord and peasant life. And again here is a kind of idyll: "Happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise, confident that all others live in exactly the same way and that it is a sin to live otherwise ...". Oblomovites are hardworking, religious, superstitious, they like to listen to fairy tales, to solve dreams. The hero will forever remember the endless winter evenings, the nurse's tales about a wonderful country where rivers of honey and milk flow, where beauties and good fellows walk. It was here, in Oblomovka, that an important feature of his character was formed in his distant childhood - poetic daydreaming. Legends and fairy tales, epics and parables determined his consciousness and attitude to life.

Another defining feature of Oblomov's character is independence from the world of external life, a sense of inner freedom. That is why serving only as a career, secular friends, empty women, unable to give happiness, turn out to be alien to the hero. “They are all dead. Sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!” - says Oblomov. He is looking for perfection in this world, "the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man." In his actions and thoughts, Ilya Ilyich is noble, his soul is "pure and clear as glass."

However, life in the family estate also shaped the negative aspects of Oblomov's character. So, little Ilyusha grew up active and inquisitive, but his best impulses were thwarted. The constant guardianship of parents and nannies did not allow the child to fully develop. All his attempts to do something on his own were refuted by arguments: “Why? Where? And Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka for what? His studies at the Stolz boarding house were intermittent, he became indifferent to the sciences. Gradually, the child developed laziness, inertia, apathy, indifference to life.

Ilya Ilyich dreams of love and family, but he is not allowed to experience the ideal feeling. He breaks up with Olga Ilyinskaya, as she cannot give him real happiness. Agafya Pshenitsyna, with her character and way of life, is somewhat closer to the female type that existed in his childhood. And that is why he remains on the Vyborg side, in the house of Agafya Matveevna, she becomes the same Militrisa Kirbityevna, about whom his nanny read to him. So the fairy tale is embodied in the life of Oblomov. Thus, childhood years, according to the writer, completely determine our character and life scenario.

• F. Iskander - the book "Reflections of the Writer" (a collection of essays and journalism). The author identifies two types of creativity in Russian literature - "home" and "homelessness". Poets, defenders and organizers of the "home" - Pushkin, Tolstoy, Akhmatova. The authors of "homelessness" are Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tsvetaeva. So, Lermontov's Pechorin destroys Bela's house, Grushnitsky's house, being homeless, dies in Persia himself. Pushkinsky Eugene in the poem "The Bronze Horseman", on the contrary, defends his right to a house, rebelling against Peter. We find poetry at home in "Eugene Onegin", "The Captain's Daughter".

In the speech of Dostoevsky's hero Alyosha Karamazov there were words that I had not paid attention to before, but now I thought about them:
“Know, then, that there is nothing higher, and stronger, and healthier, and more useful in future for life, like some good memory, especially taken from childhood, from the parental home.

The writing

Very often, turning to the past affects the state of a person in the present. In this text, D.A. Granin raises the problem of the role of childhood memories in human life.

Analyzing this topic, the author draws our attention to the statement of one of the heroes of the novel, F.M. Dostoevsky that "some good memory" from the parental home can be the best, strongest, healthy, useful reminiscence of a person. The writer draws our attention to the fact that Alyosha Karamazov does not demand, does not preach with such a statement - he only tries to call on all people to remember those moments “when they felt good.” Such memories should be morally formulated and understandable - in this case, they can bring a lot of good and benefit to a person.

YES. Granin believes that childhood memories play an important role in a person’s worldview and his life in general - they bring happiness and self-satisfaction, in difficult, sad moments they help to analyze their existence and fill it with meaning - thereby “binding the soul”.

I fully agree with the opinion of the author and also believe that the memories of a person from the parental home, the newly come feeling that you were once good, can bring new colors into a person’s life, fill it with meaning and faith in your own happiness.

The problem of the role of childhood memories is raised in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov. The author approached this topic in a non-standard way and, using the example of Pechorin, showed that sometimes an analysis of one's own life, one's actions from childhood can help explain to a person his state in the present. In his own monologue, the hero refers to the period of his life when he himself was ready to "love the whole world" - to do good, love, make friends and be happy. Thanks to this, he realized that he could experience the same feelings as everyone else, he could not be alone, he could do good deeds, and this certainly kept a little warmth in his heart. But the fact is that in the same period he decided for himself that it would be easier and better for him to close himself off from the whole world, to respond to his injustice with anger, to his malevolence and hypocrisy with cynicism and cruelty and perceive people and everything around him as game.

An analysis of childhood memories helped the hero of M. Gorky's story "Childhood" realize at difficult moments in his life that his existence is not as terrible as it seems, and each of us is able to make our life better. Alyosha learned selfless love, compassion, fearlessness from his grandmother, and later, recalling the moments of the manifestation of these feelings, the hero understood that he was capable of much - besides, he could easily and with great happiness give love. Memories of childhood, of my grandmother, of the “lead abominations” of life and those who brightened them up helped M. Gorky write a wonderful story about his childhood, and this is probably the best thing that can be done under the influence of memories.

Thus, we can conclude that no matter what a person is, no matter what he experiences, no matter what he thinks about - memories from childhood can change his worldview, and if not done better, then at least remind him that once there was goodness in his life.

Childhood is the brightest and purest time in the life of every person. It is difficult to say exactly when childhood ends and adulthood begins. This line simply does not exist: it is so blurred that it is almost imperceptible. We all keep in our memory moments from childhood, because it is then that we learn everything and rejoice with sincere, burning eyes. But the Wise Litrecon knows that it is not easy to find literary examples for essay-reasoning 15.3 about childhood, because the authors often describe the adult life of the characters. That is why he has prepared for you an interesting and useful selection of arguments.

1. AT V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons" describes the childhood of Volodya, who faced deprivation and hunger, while still a very young boy. His mother sent him to study in the city, because his son showed good learning abilities. But everything that the poor woman was able to collect for the child was taken away by a relative with whom Vova lived. As a result, the boy had to look for sources of income in gambling, which his teacher took advantage of to convince the proud student to accept help. So, childhood is not always carefree and rosy, so it is necessary to appreciate what we have.
2. AT the work of L.N. Tolstoy "Childhood" the protagonist is experiencing a happy childhood: he loves his caring and beautiful parents immensely, feels in his heart the birth of the first feelings for Katya, is friends with his brother and other children. All household members, even the teacher and servants, take care of Nikolenka and treat him well. But even such a serene childhood inevitably ends: the hero's mother dies, and he, having seen her on her last journey, no longer feels the lightness and joy of childhood.
3. In I. Bunin's story "Numbers" describes the childhood of an inquisitive and stubborn boy Zhenya. He really wanted to learn the numbers and learn how to count, but the uncle, who promised to do this, again postponed the training to another time. The hero was offended, there was a quarrel. But an adult realized in time that a child cannot wait, that he sees the world and himself in it differently. The uncle made peace with his nephew and showed him the numbers. This example shows how much children need the understanding and support of adults who protect them with all their might from tragic early maturity.
4. AT the work of M. Gorky "Childhood" the main character experienced not the most joyful time as a child. His father died, his mother built her own life, and the grandfather, with whom he lived, mercilessly flogged his grandson and beat his wife in front of him. The uncles were constantly arguing over money, and only my grandmother paid enough attention to Lexei. That is why it was very difficult for him to break into people and escape from poverty, because the foundations for personal growth are laid in childhood.
5. Lisa's childhood "Poor Liza" N. M. Karamzin) went smoothly. She lived with loving parents, did not know the need. The father spoiled his daughter and wife. But the breadwinner of the family died, and a very young girl had to provide for her family on her own. The childhood of the heroine is opposed to adult life, so gloomy and cruel. It was the serious consequences of childish carelessness that confronted her with problems that were quite adult. Lisa, not accustomed to betrayal, made a mistake and trusted a dishonorable person. Never having reached moral and psychological maturity, she committed suicide, unable to cope with adult difficulties.
6. It is really difficult to maintain the serenity of childhood during the war years, when even a child cannot feel protected. Yes, in the work V. Bykov "Obelisk" little heroes matured early and decided to take revenge on the local policemen for betrayal and push their car into the river. But the military operation failed, and the young partisans became prisoners. Despite the intercession of their teacher, the guys were executed. But the memory of their childhood heroism is still alive.
7. AT comedy D. I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" Mitrofanushka's childhood is shown. The hero is not denied anything, he lives exclusively for himself and for his own sake. All he needs for happiness is satiety and idleness. Such a spoiled childhood develops laziness, selfishness in a person. There is not a single positive trait left in the character of the "big child". He gets used to the fact that everything is allowed to him, so he is not ready to change for the better.
8. Grinev's childhood ( "The Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin) brought up in him a decent and honest person. Parents passed on all their values ​​and life experience to their son. In addition, thanks to the mentoring of the wise Savelich, Petrusha Grinev learned not only the luxury of the nobility, but also the life of the common people. The tutor taught the master to take care of money, demonstrated the strongest devotion to the service, setting a good example for the young officer. Thus, competent education lays the foundation for the personality of an adult.
9. N. V. Gogol in the story "Taras Bulba" depicts the environment in which Ostap and Andriy spent their childhood. Here, in the Sich, the Cossacks grew up and became real men. The father always brought up his sons in strictness, taught them to be faithful and devoted to the Motherland. But the severity and patriarchy of the manners of the Sich had another effect on the children: the fact that Taras beat and did not respect his wife was deposited in Andriy's memory. Perhaps that is why he betrayed his homeland: he wanted to live a different, more civilized life. On his example, it becomes obvious that childhood largely determines the fate of the individual.
10. V. G. Korolenko in the story "In Bad Society" creates images of small children, each of which suffers. Vasya does not experience a drop of fatherly love, he lost his mother at the age of six. His new friends, Valek and Marusya, live in a dungeon, begging and starving. Children have not become hardened, on the contrary, they teach many adults to be honest, first of all, with themselves, they teach them to remain devoted to friendship. The childhood death depicted in the story makes one think about the fate of all the poor children who, through no fault of their own, ended up below the poverty line. Such a childhood causes compassion and at the same time - pride in the strength of the spirit of such children.

Text from the exam

(1) The strongest impression on me is made by dreams in which distant childhood rises and in an obscure fog no longer existing faces rise, all the more dear, like everything irretrievably lost. (2) For a long time I cannot wake up from such a dream and for a long time I see alive those who have long been in the grave. (3) And what lovely, dear faces! (4) It seems that I would not give anything to even look at them from a distance, hear a familiar voice, shake their hands and once again return to the distant, distant past. (5) It begins to seem to me that these silent shadows require something from me. (6) After all, I owe so much to these people who are infinitely dear to me ...

(7) But in the rainbow perspective of childhood memories, not only people are alive, but also those inanimate objects that were somehow connected with the small life of a beginning little person. (8) And now I think about them, again experiencing the impressions and feelings of childhood.

(9) In these dumb participants in children's life, of course, a children's picture book always stands in the foreground ... (10) And this was that living thread that led out of the children's room and connected it to the rest of the world. (11) For me, until now, every children's book is something alive, because it awakens a child's soul, directs children's thoughts in a certain direction and makes a child's heart beat along with millions of other children's hearts. (12) A children's book is a spring sunbeam that makes the dormant forces of a child's soul awaken and causes the seeds thrown onto this grateful soil to grow. (13) Thanks to this book, children merge into one huge spiritual family that knows no ethnographic and geographical boundaries.

(14) 3here I have to make a small digression specifically about modern children, who often have to observe complete disrespect for the book. (15) Disheveled bindings, traces of dirty fingers, folded corners of sheets, all kinds of scribbles in the margins - in a word, the result is a cripple book.

(16) It is difficult to understand the reasons for all this, and only one explanation can be admitted: today too many books are published, they are much cheaper and seem to have lost their real price among other household items. (17) Our generation, which remembers an expensive book, has retained a special respect for it as an object of a higher spiritual order, bearing the bright stamp of talent and holy labor.

(According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak)

Introduction

Childhood is the most reverent and magical time for a person. This bright time leaves an indelible imprint on all subsequent life. As a child, we strengthen in our minds the model of human behavior in the family, we absorb, like a sponge, the atmosphere created by our parents.

It is in childhood that the main life values ​​are laid: we begin to appreciate what our relatives and friends valued, we have a negative attitude towards what mom and dad spoke with discontent about.

Problem

D. Mamin-Sibiryak raises the problem of childhood in his text. Memories of childhood, of the people who surrounded the hero in childhood, of objects so dear to the heart, fill the author's heart and make one think about the past.

Comment

The author often sees his long-gone childhood in a dream, where long-gone people are nearby, especially dear because of the impossibility of seeing them again in reality. The soul hurts more from the desire to talk to them, hug them, hear their native voice and see the faded faces.

Sometimes it seems that these people demand something from him, because it is impossible to make up for what the hero owes them.

In memory, not only relatives and friends emerge, but also childhood objects that were a constant companion of that time. First of all, I remember the book - bright, colorful, opening the whole beautiful huge world to the mind of the child, awakening the soul of a growing person.

The author complains that in the modern world, children have absolutely no such attitude towards the book. It is characterized by disrespect for her, a careless attitude. D. Mamin-Sibiryak is trying to understand the reasons for this, he finds it in the fact that the children's book has become cheaper, more accessible, and therefore has lost its value.

Author's position

own position

From early childhood, it is worth teaching the baby and respect for the world around him: for nature, for animals, for toys and books. Otherwise, he will not be able to subsequently appreciate what brings him pleasure and benefit.

Argument #1

Speaking about the influence of childhood on the formation of a person’s character, it is worth recalling Ilya Ilyich Oblomov from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". There is a whole chapter in the work called "Oblomov's Dream", where the author presents us with the world that brought up Ilya Ilyich from the moment of birth to his student years.

Parents and nannies pleased him in everything, protected him from the outside world. The main value in Oblomovka was food and sleep. And having matured, the hero most of all in his life began to appreciate lying on the couch and the opportunity to eat deliciously.

Oblomov's friend, Andrei Stolz, was brought up in a completely different way. His family valued activity, practicality, and the ability to work. And he grew up just like that - a purposeful practitioner, not wasting a minute.

Argument #2

In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" can also be seen the influence of childhood on the development of the main character Katerina. Her childhood was bright and rosy. Her parents loved her and brought up in her a love of freedom and the ability to sacrifice everything for the sake of loved ones.

Having found herself after marriage in the Kabanov family, for the first time in her life she found herself in an unfriendly environment, in a place where personal freedom and freedom of expression of feelings were not perceived, where everything was done according to the rules of house building.

Katerina could not stand the oppression and died, throwing herself in despair into the river.

Conclusion

No matter how we feel at one time or another, no matter how we regret our own lives and are not disappointed in tomorrow, children should not feel and know all this. Be responsible to your children, teach them what will really be useful to them in life, which will help them adapt to the world in which they will have to live and raise their own children.

Problem types

The role of childhood in human life

Arguments

LN Tolstoy "War and Peace". One of the heroes of L. N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", young Petya Rostov, who inherited all the best features of the "Rostov breed": kindness, openness, desire to help a person at any moment - in a time of severe trials, he cannot stay at home.

Despite the prohibitions and persuasions of his father and mother, Peter got his way: he was sent to the active army. And there he shows his best qualities, instilled since childhood. Let us remember how Petya took pity on the French drummer, how generously he treated his senior comrades with sweets, how boldly and recklessly he raced on his horse into the thick of battle...

I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The childhood of the protagonist Oblomov in I.A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was fabulous and cloudless. Everyone loved little Ilyusha, caressed, pampered, protected from all sorts of dangers. Oblomov did nothing, his parents forbade him to show his will, and any attempts at independence were immediately stopped. Such excessive guardianship and care drowned out in Oblomov any desire to do something himself, to learn something new. In the future, we see how the hero grew up: lazy, apathetic, completely unadapted to life.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Cloudless was the childhood of the hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky, Rodion Raskolnikov. A kind and sympathetic boy could not tolerate injustice. We learn about this from his dream about a poor horse, which is slaughtered in front of a dozen people by a drunken Mikolka. Adults are afraid to fall under the hand of a brutalized person, and little Rodya, crying and screaming loudly, attacks the owner of the horse with his fists. This childhood memory pops up in his sick mind a few days before the murder of the old woman and, it would seem, stops him, pushes him to renounce his plan ... But, alas!

C. Dickens "David Copperfield". In most of the novels of Ch. Dickens, one can trace how important childhood is for the formation of each person. The most characteristic novel in this respect is David Copperfield. The hero of this work goes a long way of spiritual development. An unhappy childhood, orphanhood, the search for relatives change the character of David, give him life experience.

N.V. Gogol "Terrible Revenge". In the plots of the stories "A terrible revenge", "Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his aunt" N.V. Gogol, revealing the inner world of his heroes, often looks for the reasons for the appearance of their characteristic features in the events experienced in childhood. For Gogol, this motif acquired more and more importance over time. For example, in "Terrible Revenge" it is through an appeal to the childhood of the protagonist of the story - the sorcerer - that the author tries to explain the reasons for his actions.