.USE in Russian. Task C1.

1) The problem of historical memory (responsibility for the bitter and terrible consequences of the past)

The problem of responsibility, national and human, was one of the central ones in literature in the middle of the 20th century. For example, A.T. Tvardovsky in the poem "By the Right of Memory" calls for a rethinking of the sad experience of totalitarianism. The same theme is revealed in A. A. Akhmatova's poem "Requiem". The verdict on the state system based on injustice and lies is passed by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"

2) The problem of preservation of ancient monuments and respect for them.

The problem of careful attitude to cultural heritage has always remained in the center of general attention. In the difficult post-revolutionary period, when the change of the political system was accompanied by the overthrow of the old values, Russian intellectuals did everything possible to save cultural relics. For example, Academician D.S. Likhachev prevented Nevsky Prospekt from being built up with typical high-rise buildings. The estates of Kuskovo and Abramtsevo were restored at the expense of Russian cinematographers. Caring for ancient monuments distinguishes Tula residents: the appearance of the historical center of the city, the church, the Kremlin is preserved.

The conquerors of antiquity burned books and destroyed monuments in order to deprive the people of historical memory.

3) The problem of attitude to the past, loss of memory, roots.

"Disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality" (A.S. Pushkin). Chingiz Aitmatov called a man, who does not remember his kinship, who lost his memory, mankurt (“Stormy stop”). Mankurt is a man forcibly deprived of memory. This is a slave who has no past. He does not know who he is, where he comes from, does not know his name, does not remember childhood, father and mother - in a word, he does not realize himself as a human being. Such a subhuman is dangerous for society - the writer warns.

Quite recently, on the eve of the great Victory Day, young people were asked on the streets of our city if they knew about the beginning and end of the Great Patriotic War, about who we fought, who G. Zhukov was ... The answers were depressing: the younger generation does not know the dates of the start of the war, the names of the commanders, many have not heard about the Battle of Stalingrad, about the Kursk Bulge ...

The problem of forgetting the past is very serious. A person who does not respect history, who does not honor his ancestors, is the same mankurt. One would like to remind these young people the piercing cry from the legend of Ch. Aitmatov: "Remember, whose are you? What is your name?"

4) The problem of a false goal in life.

“A person needs not three arshins of land, not a manor, but the whole globe. All nature, where in the open space he could show all the properties of a free spirit,” wrote A.P. Chekhov. Life without purpose is a meaningless existence. But the goals are different, such as, for example, in the story "Gooseberry". His hero - Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Gimalaysky - dreams of acquiring his estate and planting gooseberries there. This goal consumes him entirely. As a result, he reaches it, but at the same time he almost loses his human appearance ("he has become fat, flabby ... - just look, he will grunt in a blanket"). A false goal, fixation on the material, narrow, limited disfigures a person. He needs constant movement, development, excitement, improvement for life ...

I. Bunin in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco" showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and that god he worshipped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

5) The meaning of human life. Search for a life path.

The image of Oblomov (I.A. Goncharov) is the image of a man who wanted to achieve a lot in life. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom" showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the rooming house and ends there.

N. Gogol, the exposer of human vices, is persistently looking for a living human soul. Depicting Plyushkin, who has become "a hole in the body of mankind", he passionately urges the reader, who enters adulthood, to take with him all the "human movements", not to lose them on the road of life.

Life is a movement along an endless road. Some travel along it "with official necessity", asking questions: why did I live, for what purpose was I born? ("Hero of our time"). Others are frightened of this road, run to their wide sofa, because "life touches everywhere, gets it" ("Oblomov"). But there are also those who, making mistakes, doubting, suffering, rise to the heights of truth, finding their spiritual "I". One of them - Pierre Bezukhov - the hero of the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

At the beginning of his journey, Pierre is far from the truth: he admires Napoleon, is involved in the company of the "golden youth", participates in hooligan antics along with Dolokhov and Kuragin, too easily succumbs to rough flattery, the cause of which is his huge fortune. One stupidity is followed by another: marriage to Helen, a duel with Dolokhov ... And as a result - a complete loss of the meaning of life. "What is bad? What is good? What should be loved and what should be hated? Why live and what am I?" - these questions are countless times scrolled in my head until a sober understanding of life comes. On the way to it, there is the experience of Freemasonry, and observation of ordinary soldiers in the Battle of Borodino, and a meeting in captivity with the folk philosopher Platon Karataev. Only love moves the world and a person lives - Pierre Bezukhov comes to this thought, finding his spiritual "I".

6) Self-sacrifice. Love for your neighbor. Compassion and mercy. Sensitivity.

In one of the books devoted to the Great Patriotic War, a former blockade survivor recalls that during a terrible famine, he, a dying teenager, was saved by a neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front. “I am already old, and you are young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved kept a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.

The tragedy occurred in the Krasnodar Territory. A fire started in a nursing home where sick old people lived. Among the 62 who were burned alive was 53-year-old nurse Lidia Pachintseva, who was on duty that night. When a fire broke out, she took the old people by the arms, brought them to the windows and helped them escape. But she didn’t save herself - she didn’t have time.

M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of Man". It tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

7) The problem of indifference. Callous and callous attitude towards a person.

"Satisfied people", accustomed to comfort, people with small property interests - the same heroes of Chekhov, "people in cases". This is Dr. Startsev in "Ionych", and teacher Belikov in "The Man in the Case". Let us remember how Dmitry Ionych Startsev, “on a troika with bells, plump, red,” and his coachman Panteleimon, “also plump and red,” shouts: “Hold on!” "Prrrava hold" - this is, after all, detachment from human troubles and problems. On their prosperous path of life there should be no obstacles. And in Belikovsky's "whatever happens" we see only an indifferent attitude to the problems of other people. The spiritual impoverishment of these heroes is obvious. And they are not intellectuals at all, but simply - petty bourgeois, townsfolk who imagine themselves to be "masters of life."

8) The problem of friendship, comradely duty.

Front-line service is an almost legendary expression; there is no doubt that there is no stronger and more devoted friendship between people. There are many literary examples of this. In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" one of the characters exclaims: "There are no bonds brighter than comrades!" But most often this topic was revealed in the literature about the Great Patriotic War. In B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." both the anti-aircraft gunners and Captain Vaskov live according to the laws of mutual assistance and responsibility for each other. In K. Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Captain Sintsov carries a wounded comrade from the battlefield.

9) The problem of scientific progress.

In M. Bulgakov's story, Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a person, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

The press reported that very soon there will be an elixir of immortality. Death will be finally defeated. But for many people, this news did not cause a surge of joy; on the contrary, anxiety intensified. What will this immortality mean for a person?

10) The problem of the patriarchal village way of life. The problem of charm, the beauty of a morally healthy village life.

In Russian literature, the theme of the village and the theme of the motherland were often combined. Rural life has always been perceived as the most serene, natural. One of the first to express this idea was Pushkin, who called the village his office. ON THE. Nekrasov in a poem and poems drew the reader's attention not only to the poverty of peasant huts, but also to how friendly peasant families are, how hospitable Russian women are. A lot is said about the originality of the farmstead way of life in Sholokhov's epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don". In Rasputin's story Farewell to Matyora, the ancient village is endowed with a historical memory, the loss of which is tantamount to death for the inhabitants.

11) The problem of labor. The pleasure of meaningful activity.

The theme of labor has been repeatedly developed in Russian classical and modern literature. As an example, it is enough to recall the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The hero of this work, Andrei Stoltz, sees the meaning of life not as a result of labor, but in the process itself. We see a similar example in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's Dvor". His heroine does not perceive forced labor as a punishment, punishment - she treats work as an integral part of existence.

12) The problem of the influence of laziness on a person.

Chekhov's essay "My" she "lists all the terrible consequences of the influence of laziness on people.

13) The problem of the future of Russia.

The topic of the future of Russia was touched upon by many poets and writers. For example, Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol in a lyrical digression of the poem "Dead Souls" compares Russia with "a lively, irrepressible troika". "Rus, where are you going?" he asks. But the author has no answer to the question. The poet Eduard Asadov in the poem "Russia did not begin with a sword" writes: "The dawn rises, bright and hot. And it will be so forever indestructible. Russia did not begin with a sword, and therefore it is invincible!". He is sure that a great future awaits Russia, and nothing can stop it.

14) The problem of the influence of art on a person.

Scientists and psychologists have long argued that music can have a different effect on the nervous system, on the tone of a person. It is generally accepted that the works of Bach increase and develop the intellect. Beethoven's music awakens compassion, cleanses a person's thoughts and feelings of negativity. Schumann helps to understand the soul of a child.

Dmitri Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony has the subtitle "Leningradskaya". But the name "Legendary" suits her better. The fact is that when the Nazis besieged Leningrad, the inhabitants of the city had a huge impact on the 7th symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich, which, as eyewitnesses testify, gave people new strength to fight the enemy.

15) The problem of anticulture.

This problem is relevant even today. Now there is a dominance of "soap operas" on television, which significantly reduce the level of our culture. Literature is another example. Well the theme of "deculturation" is revealed in the novel "The Master and Margarita". MASSOLIT employees write bad works and at the same time dine in restaurants and have dachas. They are admired and their literature revered.

16) The problem of modern television.

For a long time, a gang operated in Moscow, which was distinguished by particular cruelty. When the criminals were caught, they admitted that their behavior, their attitude to the world was greatly influenced by the American film Natural Born Killers, which they watched almost every day. They tried to copy the habits of the heroes of this picture in real life.

Many modern athletes watched TV when they were children and wanted to be like the athletes of their time. Through television broadcasts, they got acquainted with the sport and its heroes. Of course, there are also reverse cases, when a person became addicted to the TV, and he had to be treated in special clinics.

17) The problem of clogging the Russian language.

I believe that the use of foreign words in the native language is justified only if there is no equivalent. Many of our writers struggled with the clogging of the Russian language with borrowings. M. Gorky pointed out: “It makes it difficult for our reader to stick foreign words into a Russian phrase. It makes no sense to write concentration when we have our own good word - condensation.

Admiral A.S. Shishkov, who for some time held the post of Minister of Education, proposed replacing the word fountain with a clumsy synonym he invented - a water cannon. Practicing in word creation, he invented replacements for borrowed words: he suggested speaking instead of an alley - prosad, billiards - a spherical ball, he replaced the cue with a spherical ball, and called the library a bookkeeper. To replace the word he did not like galoshes, he came up with another - wet shoes. Such concern for the purity of the language can cause nothing but laughter and irritation of contemporaries.

18) The problem of the destruction of natural resources.

If the press began to write about the misfortune threatening mankind only in the last ten or fifteen years, then Ch. Aitmatov spoke about this problem back in the 70s in his story "After the Fairy Tale" ("The White Steamboat"). He showed the destructiveness, the hopelessness of the path, if a person destroys nature. It takes revenge by degeneration, lack of spirituality. The same theme is continued by the writer in his subsequent works: "And the day lasts longer than a century" ("Stormy Stop"), "Blach", "Cassandra's Brand". A particularly strong feeling is produced by the novel "The Scaffolding Block". Using the example of a wolf family, the author showed the death of wildlife from human economic activity. And how scary it becomes when you see that, when compared with a person, predators look more humane and "humane" than the "crown of creation." So for the sake of what good in the future does a person bring his children to the chopping block?

19) Imposing your opinion on others.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov. "A lake, a cloud, a tower..." The main character, Vasily Ivanovich, is a modest office worker who has won a pleasure trip to nature.

20) The theme of war in literature.

Very often, congratulating our friends or relatives, we wish them a peaceful sky over their heads. We do not want their families to be subjected to the hardships of the war. War! These five letters carry a sea of ​​blood, tears, suffering, and most importantly, the death of people dear to our hearts. There have always been wars on our planet. The pain of loss has always filled the hearts of people. From everywhere where there is a war, you can hear the groans of mothers, the crying of children and deafening explosions that tear our souls and hearts. To our great happiness, we know about the war only from feature films and literary works.

A lot of trials of the war fell on the lot of our country. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was shaken by the Patriotic War of 1812. The patriotic spirit of the Russian people was shown by L. N. Tolstoy in his epic novel War and Peace. The guerrilla war, the Battle of Borodino - all this and much more appears before our eyes. We are witnessing the terrible everyday life of the war. Tolstoy tells that for many the war has become the most common thing. They (for example, Tushin) perform heroic deeds on the battlefields, but they themselves do not notice this. For them, war is a job that they must do in good faith. But war can become commonplace not only on the battlefield. An entire city can get used to the idea of ​​war and go on living resigned to it. Such a city in 1855 was Sevastopol. Leo Tolstoy narrates about the difficult months of the defense of Sevastopol in his Sevastopol Tales. Here, the events taking place are described especially reliably, since Tolstoy is their eyewitness. And after what he saw and heard in a city full of blood and pain, he set himself a definite goal - to tell his reader only the truth - and nothing but the truth. The bombardment of the city did not stop. New and new fortifications were required. Sailors, soldiers worked in the snow, rain, half-starved, half-dressed, but they still worked. And here everyone is simply amazed by the courage of their spirit, willpower, great patriotism. Together with them, their wives, mothers, and children lived in this city. They got so used to the situation in the city that they no longer paid attention to either the shots or the explosions. Very often they brought meals to their husbands right in the bastions, and one shell could often destroy the whole family. Tolstoy shows us that the worst thing in the war takes place in the hospital: “You will see doctors there with their hands bloodied to the elbows ... busy near the bed, on which, with open eyes and speaking, as if in delirium, meaningless, sometimes simple and touching words lies wounded under the influence of chloroform. War for Tolstoy is dirt, pain, violence, whatever goals it pursues: "... you will see the war not in the correct, beautiful and brilliant order, with music and drumming, with waving banners and prancing generals, but you will see the war in its real expression - in blood, in suffering, in death ... "The heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 once again shows everyone how much the Russian people love their homeland and how boldly they defend it. Sparing no effort, using any means, he (the Russian people) does not allow the enemy to seize their native land.

In 1941-1942, the defense of Sevastopol will be repeated. But it will be another Great Patriotic War - 1941-1945. In this war against fascism, the Soviet people will accomplish an extraordinary feat, which we will always remember. M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, B. Vasiliev and many other writers devoted their works to the events of the Great Patriotic War. This difficult time is also characterized by the fact that women fought on an equal footing with men in the ranks of the Red Army. And even the fact that they are representatives of the weaker sex did not stop them. They struggled with fear within themselves and performed such heroic deeds, which, it seemed, were completely unusual for women. It is about such women that we learn from the pages of B. Vasiliev's story "The dawns here are quiet ...". Five girls and their combat commander F. Baskov find themselves on the Sinyukhin Ridge with sixteen fascists who are heading for the railroad, absolutely sure that no one knows about the course of their operation. Our fighters found themselves in a difficult situation: it is impossible to retreat, but to stay, because the Germans serve them like seeds. But there is no way out! Behind the Motherland! And now these girls perform a fearless feat. At the cost of their lives, they stop the enemy and prevent him from carrying out his terrible plans. And how carefree was the life of these girls before the war?! They studied, worked, enjoyed life. And suddenly! Planes, tanks, cannons, shots, screams, groans... But they did not break down and gave the most precious thing they had - their lives - for victory. They gave their lives for their country.

But there is a civil war on earth, in which a person can give his life without knowing why. 1918 Russia. Brother kills brother, father kills son, son kills father. Everything is mixed up in the fire of malice, everything is depreciated: love, kinship, human life. M. Tsvetaeva writes: Brothers, here is the extreme rate! For the third year now, Abel has been fighting with Cain ...

27) Parental love.

In Turgenev's prose poem "Sparrow" we see the heroic deed of a bird. Trying to protect the offspring, the sparrow rushed into battle against the dog.

Also in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", Bazarov's parents most of all want to be with their son.

28) Responsibility. Rash acts.

In Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" Lyubov Andreevna lost her estate because all her life she was frivolous about money and work.

The fire in Perm occurred due to the rash actions of the organizers of the fireworks, the irresponsibility of the management, the negligence of fire safety inspectors. The result is the death of many people.

The essay "Ants" by A. Morua tells how a young woman bought an anthill. But she forgot to feed its inhabitants, although they needed only one drop of honey a month.

29) About simple things. The theme of happiness.

There are people who do not require anything special from their lives and spend it (life) uselessly and boringly. One of these people is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

In Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" the protagonist has everything for life. Wealth, education, position in society and the opportunity to realize any of your dreams. But he is bored. Nothing touches him, nothing pleases him. He does not know how to appreciate simple things: friendship, sincerity, love. I think that's why he's unhappy.

Volkov's essay "On Simple Things" raises a similar problem: a person needs not so much to be happy.

30) Riches of the Russian language.

If you do not use the wealth of the Russian language, you can become like Ellochka Schukina from the work "The Twelve Chairs" by I. Ilf and E. Petrov. She got by with thirty words.

In Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" Mitrofanushka did not know Russian at all.

31) Unscrupulousness.

Chekhov's essay "Gone" tells about a woman who completely changes her principles within one minute.

She tells her husband that she will leave him if he commits even one mean act. Then the husband explained to his wife in detail why their family lives so richly. The heroine of the text "left ... to another room. For her, living beautifully and richly was more important than deceiving her husband, although she says quite the opposite.

There is also no clear position in Chekhov's story "Chameleon" by the police overseer Ochumelov. He wants to punish the owner of the dog that bit Khryukin's finger. After Ochumelov finds out that the possible owner of the dog is General Zhigalov, all his determination disappears.

In his autobiographical poem, the author recalls the past, in which, during collectivization, his father was repressed like a fist - a peasant who worked from dawn to dusk, with arms that he could not help straightening, not clenching into a fist "... there were no separate calluses - solid . Truly a fist!” The pain of injustice is stored in the heart of the author of the decade. The stigma of the son of an “enemy of the people” fell on him, and everything came from the desire of the “father of peoples” to kneel, to subjugate the entire population of his multinational country to his will. The author writes about the amazing feature of Stalin to transfer to someone's account "any of his miscalculations heap", to someone's "enemy distortion", to someone's "dizziness from the victories predicted by him". Here the poet refers to the article of the head of the party, which was called "Dizziness from success."

The memory stores these events of the life of both an individual and the whole country. A. Tvardovsky speaks about this by the right of memory, by the right of a person who survived the whole horror of repressions together with his people.

2. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for the dog"

The main character is a high school student. But he is not a simple Soviet citizen, his father is a responsible worker, the family has everything, even during the period of general famine, when people really had nothing to eat, when millions of people were dying of exhaustion, there was borscht in their house, even with meat, pies with delicious fillings, kvass, real, bread, butter, milk - all that the people were deprived of. The boy, seeing the hunger of the people around him, and especially the “elephants” and “shockets” dying in the near-station square, felt remorse. He is looking for a way to share with the needy, trying to carry bread and leftover food to the chosen beggar. But people, having found out about the compassionate boy, overcame him with their begging. In the end, he chooses a wounded dog, frightened by people who apparently wanted to eat it once. And his conscience slowly subsides. No, not really, but not life-threatening. The head of the station, in the square near which these destitute people lived, could not stand it, shot himself. Years later, V. Tendryakov talks about what haunts until now.

3. A. Akhmatova "Requiem"

The whole poem is a memory of the terrible years of repression, when millions of people stood in lines with parcels for those millions of people who were in the dungeons of the NKVD. A.A. Akhmatova literally demands to remember this terrible episode in the history of the country, no one should ever forget it, even “... if my exhausted mouth is clamped,” the poet writes, “to which a hundred million people scream,” the memory will remain.

4. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

In the fate of the main characters of the story, childhood memories play a very important role. A fisherman once saved a horse, sister, her girlfriend, hay. As a boy, he showed courage, courage and was able to get out of the situation with honor. This fact played a cruel joke on him. Having been captured by the Nazis, he hopes that he will be able to get out of a terrible situation, and, saving his life, gives out the detachment, its location and weapons. The next day, after Sotnikov's execution, he realizes that there is no turning back. Sotnikov in his childhood experienced an absolutely opposite situation. He lied to his father. The lie was not so serious, but the cowardice with which he said it all left a deep imprint on the boy's memory. For the rest of his life, he remembered the pangs of conscience, the suffering that tears his soul apart. He does not hide behind the backs of his comrades, he takes a hit on himself in order to save others. Endures torture, ascends the scaffold and dies with dignity. So the memories of childhood led the heroes to their life finale: one - to a feat, the other - to betrayal.

5. V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons"

Decades later, the author recalls a teacher who played a decisive role in his difficult fate. Lidia Mikhailovna, a young teacher who wants to help a smart student in her class. She sees how the child's desire to learn is shattered by the callousness of the people among whom he is forced to live. She tries different options for help, but only one succeeds: gambling. He needs these pennies to buy milk. The director catches the teacher for a crime, she is fired. But the boy remains to study at school, finishes it and, becoming a writer, writes a book, dedicating it to the teacher.

The problem of courage, cowardice, compassion, mercy, mutual assistance, care for loved ones, humanity, moral choice in war. The impact of war on human life, character and worldview. Participation of children in the war. Man's responsibility for his actions.

What was the courage of the soldiers in the war? (A.M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man")

In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man" you can see the manifestation of true courage during the war. The protagonist of the story Andrei Sokolov goes to war, leaving his family at home. For the sake of his loved ones, he passed all the tests: he suffered from hunger, fought courageously, sat in a punishment cell and escaped from captivity. The fear of death did not force him to abandon his beliefs: in the face of danger, he retained human dignity. The war claimed the lives of his loved ones, but even after that he did not break down, and again showed courage, however, no longer on the battlefield. He adopted a boy who also lost his entire family during the war. Andrei Sokolov is an example of a courageous soldier who continued to fight the hardships of fate even after the war.

The problem of moral assessment of the fact of war. (M. Zusak "The Book Thief")

In the center of the narrative of the novel "The Book Thief" by Markus Zusak, Liesel is a nine-year-old girl who, on the brink of war, fell into a foster family. The girl's father was connected with the communists, therefore, in order to save her daughter from the Nazis, her mother gives her to strangers for education. Liesel starts a new life away from her family, she has a conflict with her peers, she finds new friends, learns to read and write. Her life is filled with the usual childhood worries, but war comes and with it fear, pain and disappointment. She doesn't understand why some people kill others. Liesel's adoptive father teaches her kindness and compassion, despite the fact that this only brings him trouble. Together with her parents, she hides the Jew in the basement, takes care of him, reads books to him. To help people, she and her friend Rudy scatter bread on the road, along which a column of prisoners must pass. She is sure that the war is monstrous and incomprehensible: people burn books, die in battles, arrests of those who disagree with official policy are everywhere. Liesel does not understand why people refuse to live and be happy. It is no coincidence that the book is narrated from the perspective of Death, the eternal companion of war and the enemy of life.

Is the human mind capable of accepting the very fact of war? (L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", G. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen")

It is difficult for a person who has faced the horrors of war to understand why it is needed. So, one of the heroes of the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Pierre Bezukhov does not participate in the battles, but he tries with all his might to help his people. He does not realize the true horror of the war until he witnesses the Battle of Borodino. Seeing the massacre, the count is horrified by its inhumanity. He is captured, experiences physical and mental torment, tries to comprehend the nature of war, but cannot. Pierre is not able to cope with a mental crisis on his own, and only his meeting with Platon Karataev helps him understand that happiness lies not in victory or defeat, but in simple human joys. Happiness is inside every person, in his search for answers to eternal questions, awareness of himself as part of the human world. And war, from his point of view, is inhumane and unnatural.

The protagonist of G. Baklanov's story "Forever - nineteen" Alexei Tretyakov painfully reflects on the causes, the significance of the war for the people, man, life. He finds no weighty explanation for the need for war. Its meaninglessness, the depreciation of human life for the sake of achieving any important goal, horrifies the hero, causes bewilderment: “... One and the same thought haunted: will it really turn out someday that this war could not have happened? What was in the power of people to prevent this? And millions would still be alive…”.

How did the children experience the war events? What was their participation in the fight against the enemy? (L. Kassil and M. Polyanovsky "Street of the youngest son")

Not only adults, but also children stood up to defend their homeland during the war. They wanted to help their country, their city and their family in the fight against the enemy. In the center of the story of Lev Kassil and Max Polyanovsky "Street of the youngest son" is an ordinary boy Volodya Dubinin from Kerch. The work begins with the narrators seeing a street named after a child. Curious about this, they go to the museum to find out who Volodya is. The narrators talk with the boy's mother, find his school and comrades, and learn that Volodya is an ordinary boy with his own dreams and plans, whose life has been invaded by the war. His father, the captain of a warship, taught his son to be steadfast and brave. The boy bravely joined a partisan detachment, got news from behind enemy lines and was the first to know about the German retreat. Unfortunately, the boy died during the clearance of approaches to the quarry. However, the city did not forget its little hero, who, despite his youth, performed a daily feat on a par with adults and sacrificed his life to save others.

How did adults feel about the participation of children in military events? (V. Kataev "Son of the regiment")

War is terrible and inhuman, it is not a place for children. In war, people lose loved ones, harden. Adults do their best to protect children from the horrors of war, but, unfortunately, they do not always succeed. The protagonist of Valentin Kataev's story "Son of the Regiment" Vanya Solntsev loses his entire family in the war, wanders through the forest, trying to get through the front line to "his own". Scouts find the child there and bring him to the camp to the commander. The boy is happy, he survived, made his way through the front line, he was fed deliciously and put to bed. However, Captain Enakiev understands that a child has no place in the army, he sadly remembers his son and decides to send Vanya to a children's receiver. On the way, Vanya escapes, trying to return to the battery. After an unsuccessful attempt, he manages to do this, and the captain is forced to accept: he sees how the boy is trying to be useful, eager to fight. Vanya wants to help the common cause: he takes the initiative and goes to reconnaissance, draws a map of the area in the primer, but the Germans catch him doing this. Fortunately, in the general confusion, the child is forgotten and he manages to escape. Yenakiev admires the boy's desire to protect his country, but worries about him. To save the child's life, the commander sends Vanya with an important message away from the battlefield. The entire crew of the first gun perishes, and in the letter that Yenakiev handed over, the commander says goodbye to the battery and asks to take care of Van Solntsev.

The problem of the manifestation of humanity in war, the manifestation of compassion, mercy for the captured enemy. (L. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

Only strong people who know the value of human life are capable of showing compassion for the enemy. So, in the novel "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy there is an interesting episode describing the attitude of Russian soldiers towards the French. In the night forest, a company of soldiers warmed themselves by the fire. Suddenly, they heard a rustle and saw two French soldiers, despite the wartime, were not afraid to approach the enemy. They were very weak and could hardly stand on their feet. One of the soldiers, whose clothes betrayed him as an officer, fell to the ground exhausted. The soldiers laid out an overcoat for the sick man and brought both porridge and vodka. They were officer Rambal and his batman Morel. The officer was so cold that he could not even move, so the Russian soldiers took him in their arms and carried him to the hut occupied by the colonel. On the way, he called them good friends, while his orderly, already pretty tipsy, sang French songs, sitting between Russian soldiers. This story teaches us that even in difficult times we need to remain human, not to finish off the weak, to show compassion and mercy.

Is it possible to show concern for others during the war years? (E. Vereiskaya "Three Girls")

In the center of the story of Elena Vereiskaya "Three Girls" are friends who stepped from a carefree childhood into a terrible wartime. Girlfriends Natasha, Katya and Lucy live in a communal apartment in Leningrad, spend time together and go to a regular school. The most difficult test in life awaits them, because the war suddenly begins. The school is destroyed, and the friends stop their studies, now they are forced to learn how to survive. The girls grow up quickly: the cheerful and frivolous Lucy turns into a responsible and organized girl, Natasha becomes more thoughtful, and Katya becomes self-confident. However, even at such a time, they remain people and continue to take care of their loved ones, despite the difficult living conditions. The war did not divide them, but made them even more friendly. Each of the members of the friendly "communal family" first of all thought about others. There is a very touching episode in the book where the doctor gives most of his ration to a little boy. At the risk of dying of hunger, people share everything they have, and this inspires hope and makes them believe in victory. Care, love and support can work wonders, only thanks to such relationships, people were able to survive some of the most difficult days in the history of our country.

Why do people keep the memory of the war? (O. Bergholz "Poems about myself")

Despite the severity of the memories of the war, you need to keep them. Mothers who have lost children, adults and children who have seen the death of loved ones will never forget these terrible pages in the history of our country, but contemporaries should not forget either. To do this, there are a huge number of books, songs, films designed to tell about a terrible time. For example, in "Poems about Myself" Olga Berggolts urges to always remember wartime, people who fought at the front and died of hunger in besieged Leningrad. The poetess addresses people who would like to smooth over "in the timid memory of people" this, and assures them that she will not let them forget "how a Leningrader fell on the yellow snow of deserted squares." Olga Berggolts, who went through the whole war and lost her husband in Leningrad, kept her promise, leaving many poems, essays and diary entries after her death.

What helps you win a war? (L. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

You cannot win a war alone. Only by rallying in the face of a common misfortune and finding the courage to resist fear, you can win. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" is especially acute sense of unity. Different people united in the struggle for life and freedom. every soldier, the morale of the army and faith in their own strength helped the Russians to defeat the French army, which encroached on their native land. The battle scenes of the Shengraben, Austerlitz and Borodino battles show the unity of people especially vividly. The winners in this war are not careerists who want only ranks and awards, but ordinary soldiers, peasants, militias, who perform a feat every minute. The modest battery commander Tushin, Tikhon Shcherbaty and Platon Karataev, the merchant Ferapontov, the young Petya Rostov, who combine the main qualities of the Russian people, did not fight because they were ordered, they fought of their own free will, defended their home and their loved ones, which is why they won the war.

What unites people during the war years? (L. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

A huge number of works of Russian literature are devoted to the problem of uniting people during the war years. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" people of different classes and views rallied in the face of a common misfortune. The unity of the people is shown by the writer on the example of many dissimilar individuals. So, the Rostov family leaves all their property in Moscow and gives carts to the wounded. The merchant Feropontov calls on the soldiers to rob his shop so that the enemy does not get anything. Pierre Bezukhov changes clothes and stays in Moscow, intending to kill Napoleon. Captain Tushin and Timokhin heroically fulfill their duty, despite the fact that there is no cover, and Nikolai Rostov boldly rushes into the attack, overcoming all fears. Tolstoy vividly describes Russian soldiers in the battles near Smolensk: the patriotic feelings and fighting spirit of people in the face of danger are fascinating. In an effort to defeat the enemy, protect loved ones and survive, people feel their kinship especially strongly. Having united and feeling brotherhood, the people were able to unite and defeat the enemy.

Why should we learn from defeats and victories? (L. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

One of the heroes of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy, Andrei went to war with the intention of building a brilliant military career. He left his family to gain glory in battle. How bitter was his disappointment when he realized that he had lost this battle. What he imagined in his dreams as beautiful battle scenes, in life turned out to be a terrible massacre with blood and human suffering. Awareness came to him as an insight, he realized that war is terrible, and it carries nothing but pain. This personal defeat in the war made him reevaluate his life and recognize that family, friendship and love are much more important than fame and recognition.

What feelings does the stamina of a defeated enemy evoke in the victor? (V. Kondratiev "Sasha")

The problem of compassion for the enemy is considered in the story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha". A young Russian fighter takes a German soldier prisoner. After talking with the company commander, the prisoner does not give out any information, so Sasha is ordered to deliver him to headquarters. On the way, the soldier showed the prisoner a leaflet, which says that the prisoners are guaranteed life and return to their homeland. However, the battalion commander, who lost a loved one in this war, orders the German to be shot. Sasha's conscience does not allow Sasha to kill an unarmed man, a young guy just like him, who behaves in the same way as he would behave in captivity. The German does not betray his own, does not beg for mercy, preserving human dignity. At the risk of being court martialed, Sashka does not follow the order of the commander. Belief in the correctness saves his life and his prisoner, and the commander cancels the order.

How does war change the worldview and character of a person? (V. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen")

G. Baklanov in the story “Forever - nineteen” speaks about the significance and value of a person, about his responsibility, memory that binds the people: “Through a great catastrophe - a great liberation of the spirit,” Atrakovsky said. “Never before has so much depended on each of us. That is why we will win. And it won't be forgotten. The star goes out, but the field of attraction remains. That's how people are." War is a disaster. However, it leads not only to tragedy, to the death of people, to the breakdown of their consciousness, but also contributes to spiritual growth, the transformation of the people, the definition of true life values ​​by everyone. In war there is a reassessment of values, the worldview and character of a person change.

The problem of the inhumanity of war. (I. Shmelev "The Sun of the Dead")

In the epic "The Sun of the Dead" I. Shmeleva shows all the horrors of war. “The smell of decay”, “cackle, clatter and roar” of humanoids, these are wagons of “fresh human meat, young meat!” and “one hundred and twenty thousand heads! Human!" War is the absorption of the world of the living by the world of the dead. She makes a beast out of a man, makes him do terrible things. No matter how great external material destruction and annihilation, they do not horrify I. Shmelev: neither a hurricane, nor famine, nor snowfall, nor crops drying up from drought. Evil begins where a person begins who does not oppose him, for him "everything - nothing!" "and there is no one, and none." For the writer, it is indisputable that the human mental and spiritual world is a place of struggle between good and evil, and it is also indisputable that always, in any circumstances, even during war, there will be people in whom the beast will not defeat man.

Responsibility of a person for the actions that he committed in the war. Mental trauma of the participants in the war. (V. Grossman "Abel")

In the story "Abel (Sixth of August)" V.S. Grossman reflects on the war in general. Showing the tragedy of Hiroshima, the writer speaks not only about the universal misfortune and ecological catastrophe, but also about the personal tragedy of a person. Young scorer Connor bears the burden of being the man who is destined to push the button to activate the kill mechanism. For Connor, this is a personal war, where everyone remains just a person with his inherent weaknesses and fears in the desire to save his own life. However, sometimes, in order to remain human, you need to die. Grossman is sure that true humanity is impossible without participation in what is happening, and therefore without responsibility for what happened. The pairing in one person of a heightened sense of the World and soldier's diligence, imposed by the state machine and the system of education, turns out to be fatal for the young man and leads to a split in consciousness. Crew members perceive what happened differently, not all of them feel responsible for what they have done, they talk about lofty goals. The act of fascism, unprecedented even by fascist standards, is justified by social thought, being presented as a struggle against the notorious fascism. However, Joseph Conner experiences an acute sense of guilt, washing his hands all the time, as if trying to wash them of the blood of innocents. The hero goes crazy, realizing that his inner man cannot live with the burden that he has taken on himself.

What is war and how does it affect a person? (K. Vorobyov "Killed near Moscow")

In the story “Killed near Moscow”, K. Vorobyov writes that war is a huge machine, “made up of thousands and thousands of efforts of different people, it has moved, it is moving not by someone else’s will, but by itself, having received its course, and therefore unstoppable” . The old man in the house where the retreating wounded are left, calls the war the "master" of everything. All life is now determined by the war, which changes not only life, destinies, but also the consciousness of people. War is a confrontation in which the strongest wins: "In a war, whoever fails first." The death that the war brings occupies almost all the thoughts of the soldiers: “It was in the first months at the front that he was ashamed of himself, he thought he was the only one. Everything is so in these moments, everyone overcomes them alone with himself: there will be no other life. The metamorphoses that occur to a person in war are explained by the purpose of death: in the battle for the Fatherland, soldiers show incredible courage, self-sacrifice, while in captivity, doomed to death, they live guided by animal instincts. War cripples not only the bodies of people, but also their souls: the writer shows how the disabled are afraid of the end of the war, because they no longer represent their place in civilian life.

Many writers in their works turn to the theme of war. On the pages of stories, novels and essays, they keep the memory of the great feat of the Soviet soldiers, of the price at which they won the victory. For example, Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" introduces the reader to a simple driver - Andrei Sokolov. During the war, Sokolov lost his family. His wife and children were killed, the house was destroyed. However, he continued to fight. He was captured, but managed to escape. And after the war, he found the strength to adopt an orphaned boy - Vanyushka. “The Fates of Man” is a work of fiction, but it is based on real events. I am sure that there were many such stories during those four terrible years. And literature allows us to feel the state of people who have passed these tests in order to appreciate their feat even more.

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Assignment to the composition of the exam:

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War

Arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments and answers confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

Essay or composition must be at least 70 words. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

An example of essay No. 1 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.

“War is the greatest calamity that can cause suffering to mankind; it destroys religion, states, families. Any disaster is preferable to it, ”said Martin Luther, a Christian theologian, the initiator of the Reformation, and a translator of the Bible into German. Indeed, war erases everything that a person has brought into this life. Any disaster does not take as many lives, does not bring as much pain and suffering as WAR, so people do not forget these terrible years.

In the text of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev, ..., the problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised.

The author notes that every year on the twenty-second of June an old woman comes to Brest. She does not aspire to the Brest Fortress. An old woman goes to the square, where she reads the same inscription on a marble slab, remembering her son.

An example proving my point is Olga Bergolts's poem "No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten." The lines of this poem are permeated with gratitude to the Russian soldiers who fought and died for the Fatherland. Olga Bergolts urges people to remember what our compatriots had to go through. The author says that every year the whole country "worships the ashes of the slain" as a sign of respect.

Another example proving my point is the blockade of Leningrad. On July 10, 1941, the Germans attacked Leningrad. Having a numerical and technical advantage, the Germans planned to capture the city soon. Despite this, the Russian people were able to withstand the siege. They never surrendered the city to the enemy. In memory of these years, Leningrad was awarded the title of Hero City.

Thus, it is important to remember the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, not to forget what our people had to endure.

An example of essay No. 2 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.

More than 70 years have passed since the last volleys of the Great Patriotic War died down. But until now, the word "war" resonates with pain in human hearts. The ninth of May is a sacred holiday for all the people of our country.

The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War sounds in the text of the Russian writer B. Vasiliev.

The defense of the Brest Fortress became one of the many legendary pages of that terrible war. The author writes that “The fortress did not fall. The fortress bled out.” Time erased the faces of the soldiers who defended the fortress. We don't know all of them by name. But we know one thing: to the last drop of blood they resisted fascism.

Now the Brest Fortress is a museum. Grateful descendants come here to remember those who forever remained lying on this earth, to bow to them.

Every year, on June 22, an old woman comes to Brest. She lays flowers at the marble slab, on which the name of her son, who heroically defended the Brest railway station, is carved. Decades have passed since the death of her son. But she is a mother, and in her heart he will live forever.

Each line of this text is filled with pride for all our people, who defeated fascism in the Second World War. The position of the author is clear: we are the descendants of the soldiers of the Second World War, we will forever remember their feat, heroism and courage

I remember "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by B. Vasiliev. Five female anti-aircraft gunners die, having entered into an unequal duel with the German landing. They die, but they don't give up. They had the opportunity to avoid this collision. But they made their choice: they died, but did not let the Nazis to the railroad. But a modest obelisk appeared at the edge of the forest. Sergeant Vaskov and the son of Rita Osyanina come here to remember the war years and honor the memory of the dead.

In the novel "The Young Guard" A. Fadeev tells about the underground workers who fought behind enemy lines against fascism. They were very young, dreaming of a happy life. But they were betrayed, and they all perished. Their names are forever carved on the marble slab of the memorial in the city of Krasnodon.

Time is merciless. The veterans are leaving. There are very few of them left. From their lips we learn the truth about the war. We, modern youth, are grateful to everyone who gave us a cloudless sky and the happiness of a peaceful day.

Good day, dear friends. In this article, we offer an essay on the topic "".

The following arguments will be used:
– B. L. Vasiliev, “Exhibit No.”
– V. S. Vysotsky, “Buried in our memory for centuries…”

Our life consists of present moments, plans for the future and memories of the past, of what we have already experienced. We are accustomed to saving pictures of the past, to feel those emotions and feelings, this is how our consciousness works. Usually we remember the brightest memories, those that caused us a storm of positive experiences, in addition, we remember the information we need. But there are also unpleasant moments when memory fails us, or in the most vivid images we remember what we would like to forget. One way or another, memory is our value, plunging into the past years, we relive the events dear to us, and also ponder the mistakes made in order to prevent similar things in the future.

In B. L. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No.”, the thread connecting Anna Fedorovna with her son is the memory of him. The only native person of a woman goes to war, promising to return, which is not destined to come true. Having received the only letter from her son Igor, the next woman reads the news of his death. For three days, the inconsolable mother cannot calm down and stop sobbing. Mourns the young guy and the whole communal apartment in which he lived with his mother, everyone who saw him off on his last journey. A week later, the funeral came, after which Anna Feodorovna "stopped screaming and sobbing forever."

After changing jobs, a single woman shares ration cards and money with five apartment families orphaned by a terrible war. Every evening, Anna Feodorovna follows her well-established ritual: she rereads the letters she has received. Over time, the paper frays, and the woman makes copies, and carefully stores the originals in a box with her son's things. On the anniversary of the Victory, a military chronicle is shown, Anna Fedorovna never watched it, but this evening her eyes still fall on the screen. Deciding that the boyish back that flashed on the screen belongs to her Igor, she has not left the TV since then. The hope of seeing her son robs an aged woman of her eyesight. She begins to go blind and reading the cherished letters becomes impossible.

On the day of her eightieth birthday, Anna Fedorovna is happy surrounded by people who remember Igorka. Soon the next anniversary of the Victory will pass and pioneers come to the old woman, they ask to show her dear letters. One of the girls demands to give them to the school museum, which causes hostility from the orphaned mother. But after she drove away the assertive pioneers, the letters are not found on the spot: taking advantage of the old woman's advanced age and blindness, the children stole them. Taken from the box and from her soul. Tears continuously flowed down the cheeks of a desperate mother - this time her Igor died forever, she could no longer hear his voice. Anna Fedorovna could not survive this blow, tears still slowly flowed down her wrinkled cheeks, although her body became lifeless. And the place of the letters was a desk drawer in the storeroom of the school museum.

In Vladimir Vysotsky's poem "Buried in Our Memory for Ages..." the poet compares a person's memory with a fragile earthen vessel and calls for a cautious attitude towards the past. Events, dates, faces so important to us are buried in our memory for centuries, and attempts to remember are not always crowned with success.

Vladimir Semyonovich cites as an example the memories of the war, the fact that a sapper can make a mistake only once. After such a disastrous mistake, someone is reluctant to remember a person, while others do not even want to remember at all. The same thing happens in our life in general: someone constantly digs into the past, and another person prefers not to return to it. The lived years become an old warehouse of our experiences, thoughts, emotions and fragments of a past life that we do not want to dig up. In all this it is very easy to get lost, and even easier to make a mistake. Our old time is like a labyrinth: to understand it, we need pointers, because the "stream of years" mixes our memories, erases them.

As in war, there are "mines" in our memories - the most unpleasant memories and misdeeds, everything that we want to put aside in the "shadow", to forget. The solution to this is to prevent errors so they can't cause "harm" over time.

Summing up, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of memory in our life, its great importance. We must cherish what is stored in our memories: our experiences, happy moments and moments of despair, everything we have experienced. We should not forget the past, because losing it, a person loses a part of himself.

Today we talked about The Problem of Memory: Arguments from the Literature“. You can use this option to prepare for the unified state exam.

Historical memory is not only the past, but also the present and the future of mankind. Memory is stored in books. The society referred to in the work has lost books, forgetting about the most important human values. People became easy to manage. The man completely obeyed the state, because the books did not teach him to think, analyze, criticize, rebel. The experience of previous generations for most people disappeared without a trace. Guy Montag, who decided to go against the system and try to read books, became an enemy of the state, the first candidate for destruction. The memory stored in books is a great value, the loss of which endangers the whole society.

A.P. Chekhov "Student"

Seminary student Ivan Velikopolsky tells an episode from the Gospel to unfamiliar women. We are talking about the denial of the apostle Peter from Jesus. Women react to what was told unexpectedly for the student: tears flow from their eyes. People cry about events that happened long before they were born. Ivan Velikopolsky understands: the past and the present are inextricably linked. The memory of the events of past years takes people to other eras, to other people, makes them empathize and sympathize with them.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

It is not always worth talking about memory on a historical scale. Pyotr Grinev remembered his father's words about honor. In any life situation, he acted with dignity, enduring the trials of fate with courage. The memory of parents, military duty, high moral principles - all this predetermined the actions of the hero.

War is the most terrible, most terrible word in the world. From one of his pronunciations, goosebumps run and becomes uncomfortable.

Wars take thousands of lives. They destroy everything around. They bring hunger. Reading about past wars, we understand how much people did for us, who stood for us not for life, but for death. Nobody asked them if they wanted to fight. They were put before the fact, forced. And, putting all their strength - they won.

There are very few veterans left today. Once, the guys and I were lucky enough to visit one veteran. We went to him as part of the school program. He is the only one in our city.

It was a man. You could say grandpa. He greeted us warmly and smiled. At that moment, I almost burst into tears. And when he told me that he only has a sister who generally lives in another country and that his wife died a few years ago, I could not restrain myself. You know, this grandfather's standard of living is worse than many of us. And this is wrong. People who have defended our present should live happily and not need anything. And our veteran doesn't even have water in the house. He has to go to the well and fill it with buckets. Then drag it into the house.

An elderly person who needs help - no one can help. Is it fair?

He told a lot of interesting and frightening at the same time. You won't find this in history books. Coming home, each of us was impressed. We took a different look at the war, at the people who went through it. And that's what I want to say. We must remember and honor all those who had to learn what it is. We must give them our respect. We must help and say thank you every day for the fact that we have a future. That we see a blue sky overhead, and not black from smoke.

The memory of accomplished feats should live forever. People are simply obliged to carry it through generations without missing anything. After all, every word, every action is incredibly important. Their courage is worthy of perpetuation. Memorable places should not be forgotten!

We must remember all the heroes who saved us. Our country. Our lives.

Essay 2

Who among the people does not shudder when he hears the word "war"? No wonder my grandmother agreed to everything - if only there was no war, about which she learned a lot from the stories of her grandmother. Any war, even a modern one, with its "pinpoint" strikes, is suffering, blood and death. What can we say about our most terrible pain and greatest joy - the Great Patriotic War. Of course, victory brought joy. But it was still necessary to live up to it, both at the front and in the rear. Sweat, blood, death and hope are the essence of war.

My great-great-grandfather went to the front with the Moscow militia and went missing near Vyazma. As I just found out, he had "armor" - the so-called deferment from military service. Yakov Emelyanovich was a professional baker and was needed in the rear, but he took off this “booking” and went to the front. Poorly armed and inept militias perished, but detained the Germans, rushing to Moscow. At the cost of their lives and many years of suffering of their relatives. His wife Anna Ivanovna had been waiting for him for twenty-five years. She hoped that he was not killed, but in captivity or in a nursing home. She hoped, waited and raised five children. I waited and hoped.

We must bow to the belt to the people who invented and organized the action "Immortal Regiment". This is a real memory of the war, and not an overly peppy propaganda imitation of it. On May 9, with my whole family and a portrait of my great-great-grandfather, I took part in the procession of a small part of this “regiment” twice. I saw the sincere sadness and interest of people carrying portraits of their front-line relatives. They remember them. They remember their feat, they are sad and at the same time filled with pride for them - the defenders of their Fatherland. As long as the idea and practice of this popular movement is alive, the memory of the war will also be alive.

Calls are often made to stop dwelling on the past and think only about today. They say that soon there will be no one left alive, even those born during the war, and not just those who passed it. But the memory of the war is also needed because - it is not necessary for the dead, it is necessary for the living. So that someone could not try again to realize their crazy ideas by unleashing a global war.

Memory of the war (3rd option)

Any event is somehow preserved in the memory of many people, leaving a kind of trace in it, which consists of images, approximate outlines, and of course the feelings that a person experienced during that event. The memory of this event can be passed down from generation to generation, or it can simply remain forgotten and useless information, but this does not always happen, for example, it happens with bad memories, and, unfortunately, bad memories are remembered much better than anything else. more.

Any war will serve as an example. War itself is a terrible event that always leads to a chain of enormous death, devastation, and grief. War is an event that is forever reflected in the minds of many generations, since the memory of the war also carries a guiding message. After all, if a person remembers the war, remembers what horrors it brought to peaceful land, then he will try never to allow war again, and will do everything so that there is no more war, this is the plus of the memory of terrible events - they force remember that this should never be repeated.

The war also affects many other things, not just the people themselves. War is a process engulfed in horror, a process that will forever leave a mark on a land that has unfortunately witnessed bloodshed. On this land will forever remain a monument to the war, mass graves, bomb craters, torn patches of land from explosions. Nothing can erase this event from history. But this is not bad, because the next generations will remember this, remember the feats that they did before them, this will motivate them to go further, create a world where there is no more war and pain, where there is no cruelty, and where there is no bloodshed, they will create a better world, remembering the terrible old.

In conclusion, we can say that any memory is important. Any, remembering, any event that, one way or another, left its mark on history is of great value, but the most valuable memories in world culture will be memories of wars. Because war is the most terrible thing invented by man. Memories of those horrors, which we must try not to repeat again. And therefore, the next generations will remember those who happened to participate in the war, those who, through their own experience, knew all its horrors and disgusting things that happened at that, no doubt, terrible time.

The image and characteristics of Kazbich in the novel A Hero of Our Time by Lermontov essay

Kazbich is a robber, a horseman. He is not afraid of anything and, like any other Caucasian, protects his honor and dignity

Analysis of the work of the Suffering of the young Werther Goethe

The novel "The Suffering of Young Werther" has become one of the most outstanding works in German literature. In this work, twenty-five-year-old Johann Wolfgang von Goethe describes the unhappy love of the young man Werther for the girl Charlotte.

Memory is a property necessary for human life, given at birth. Without it, we could not exist, because thanks to our preserved knowledge, we can learn lessons, avoid mistakes. But what role does memory play in the life of an individual? This question is raised by the author of the text B. L. Vasiliev.

The writer reveals many different problems, but one of the main ones, in my opinion, is the problem of memory.

This problem is relevant because people tend to make mistakes, and the memory of them helps to avoid them in the future. Thus, by accumulating experience, a person passes it on to the next generations. This knowledge is priceless, so we must carefully store and pass on this precious baggage.

B. L. Vasiliev believes that it is necessary to preserve monuments, customs, because our history is embedded in them. All this must be preserved for the people, the future generation, for the woman who “every year on June 22 arrives in Brest by the earliest train” and “quietly stands near the marble plaque”.

Therefore, memory plays an important role.

For example, as in the work of V. V. Bykov "Sotnikov". The main character, being a boy, lied to his father, after which his conscience tormented him. This lie left a deep imprint in the memory of the child, and Sotnikov promised himself to act only according to his conscience. That pain of the soul is not completely forgotten by the hero, which contributed to following the path of moral responsibility, the path of the hero.

And in the work of B. L. Vasiliev “Exhibit No.”, the memory of her son is the only connecting thread for Anna Fedotovna with a loved one, and it is embedded in letters from the front. This memory is vital for the heroine, and when letters are stolen from her, the thread that unites her son and mother breaks, which leads Anna Fedotovna to mental and physical death.

Thus, memory plays a big role in human life, so we should take care of it, take care of our history.