"Doctor Zhivago"- A novel by Boris Pasternak. Showing a wide canvas of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the backdrop of a dramatic period from the beginning of the century to the Great Patriotic War, through the prism of the biography of the doctor-poet, the book touches on the mystery of life and death, the problems of Russian history, the intelligentsia and the revolution, Christianity, and Jewry.

PART 1. FIVE AM ARRAY

The mother of ten-year-old Yura Zhivago, Maria Nikolaevna, is buried at the cemetery. The boy is very worried: “His snub-nosed face is distorted. His neck stretched out. If the wolf cub raised its head with such a movement, it would be clear that it would now howl. Covering his face with his hands, the boy sobbed. He was approached by Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin, his mother's brother, a shorn priest, in the present - an employee of the publishing house. He took Yura away. The boy and his uncle go to spend the night in one of the monastery chambers. The next day they plan to leave for the south of Russia, in the Volga region. At night, the boy is awakened by the sounds of a blizzard raging in the yard. It seems to him that they will be swept up in this cell, that the mother’s grave will be swept up so that she “will be powerless to resist him, and will go even deeper and further away from him into the ground.” Yura cries, uncle comforts him, speaks about God.

The life of little Yura proceeded "in disorder and among constant mysteries." The boy was not told that their father squandered their family's million dollar fortune and then abandoned them. Mother was often sick, went to France for treatment, and left Yura in the care of strangers. He painfully experiences the death of his mother, he is so bad that sometimes he loses consciousness. But he is well with his uncle, "a free man, devoid of prejudice against anything unusual."

Vedenyapin brings Yura to the estate of the manufacturer and patron of the arts Kologrivov Duplyanka, to his friend Voskoboynikov, a teacher and popularizer of useful knowledge. He brings up Nika, the son of the terrorist Dudorov, who is serving a term in hard labor. Nicky's mother is the Georgian princess Nina Eristova, an eccentric woman, constantly addicted to "riots, rebels, extreme theories, famous artists, poor losers." Nika gives the impression of a "strange boy". He is about fourteen years old, he likes the daughter of the owner of the estate Nadya Kologrivova. In relation to her, he does not behave too well - he is rude to her, threatens to drown, says that he will run away to Siberia, where he will start a real life, start earning money himself, and then start a rebellion. Both understand that their quarrels are meaningless. Eleven-year-old boy Misha Gordon travels from Orenburg to Moscow by train with his father. The boy understood from an early age that it was bad to be a Jew in Russia. The boy treats adults with contempt, dreams that, when he becomes an adult, he will solve the "Jewish question" along with other problems. Misha's father suddenly pulls the stopcock, the train stops. A man jumps off the train, who during the trip came to the Gordons in the compartment, talked for a long time with Misha's father, consulted about bills, bankruptcies and deeds, surprised that Gordon Sr. answered him. His lawyer Komarovsky comes for this fellow traveler and takes him away. This lawyer told Misha's father that the man was "a well-known rich man, a good-natured and fool, already half insane" due to excessive drinking. This rich man gave gifts to Misha, talked about his first family, in which his son grew up, spoke about the deceased wife, whom he left. He suddenly jumped off the train, to which the lawyer was not surprised. Misha even thought that the suicide of this man only plays into the hands of his lawyer. After many years, Misha learned that this suicide was none other than the father of his future closest friend, Yuri Zhivago.

PART 2. A GIRL FROM ANOTHER CIRCLE

Amalia Karlovna Guichard, the widow of a Belgian engineer, comes to Moscow from the Urals with her two children Larisa and Rodey. Lawyer Komarovsky, a friend of her late husband, advises her to buy a sewing workshop in order to save her capital. She does so. In addition, Komarovsky advises her to assign Rodya to the corps, and Lara to the gymnasium. He himself makes the girl blush with his immodest glances. For some time, Amalia Karlovna lives with her children in the miserable rooms of Montenegro. The widow is afraid of two things: poverty and men, from whom, nevertheless, she constantly becomes dependent. Komarovsky becomes her lover. For the time of love dates, Guichard sends the children to a neighbor, the cellist Tyszkiewicz.

Amalia Karlovna moves into a small apartment at the workshop. There, Lara makes friends with Olya Demina, who works part-time in this workshop, with whom she also goes to the gymnasium together. Komarovsky begins to give Lara unambiguous signs of attention, which she is afraid of. But intimacy still happens. Lara feels like a fallen woman, and Komarovsky unexpectedly realizes that the usual seduction of an innocent girl for him develops into a great feeling. He can no longer live without Lara, he seeks to arrange her life. Lara tries to find solace in religion. Nika Dudorov, a friend of her friend Nadia Kologrivova, begins courting her. Nika is of no interest to Lara, since he is very similar in character to her, also proud, taciturn, direct. Guichard's dwelling is located near the Brest railway. In the same place live Olya Demina, Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov, the road foreman of the railway station section, the machinist Kipreyan Savelyevich Tiverzin, who stands up for the son of the janitor Gamazetdin TOsupka, who is often beaten by foreman Khudoleev. Tiverzin and Antipov are members of the working committee organizing a strike on the railroad. Antipov is soon arrested, and his son Pavel, a neat and cheerful boy who studies at a real school, is left alone with his deaf aunt. Pasha is taken in by the Tiverzins. One day they take him with them to a demonstration, which the Cossacks raid, beating everyone. This autumn of 1905, fisticuffs are taking place in the city.

Through Olya Demina, Pasha meets Lara, whom he not only falls in love with, but idolizes her. He does not know how to hide his feelings, while Lara takes advantage of the influence she has on Pasha. But she does not have any feelings for him, because she understands that she is more mature than him psychologically. Guichard, along with the children, moves to Montenegro for a while, because he is afraid of shooting.

Yura's uncle assigns a nephew to his Moscow family, a friend of Professor Gromeko. Nikolai Nikolaevich, arriving in Moscow, stops at his distant relatives, the Svetnitskys. He introduces Yura to the children of his relatives. Children - Yura Zhivago, his schoolmate Misha Gordon and the daughter of the owners Tanya Gromeko - became very good friends. "This tripartite union ... is obsessed with the preaching of chastity." Tony's parents, Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko and Anna Ivanovna, often arranged chamber evenings and invited musicians. The Gromeko family are "educated people, hospitable people and great connoisseurs of music." Arranging one of the evenings, Gromeko invited the cellist Tyshkevich, who in the middle of the evening was asked to urgently come to Montenegro. Tyshkevich goes there together with Alexander Alexandrovich, Yura and Misha. In "Montenegro" they see an unpleasant sight - Amalia Karlovna tried to poison herself, but unsuccessfully. She sobs theatrically. Komarovsky appears and assists Guichard. Yura notices Larisa behind the partition, whose beauty amazes him. But he is jarred by the way Komarovsky and Larisa communicate with each other. When everyone goes out into the street, Misha tells Yura that Komarovsky is the very lawyer with the help of whom Yura's father went to the other world. However, at that moment, Yura is not able to think about his father - all his thoughts are about Larisa.

PART 3

Alexander Alexandrovich gave Anna Ivanovna a huge wardrobe. Janitor Markel comes to collect this wardrobe. Anna Ivanovna tries to help the janitor, but suddenly the wardrobe falls apart, Anna Ivanovna falls and hurts herself. After this fall, she develops a predisposition to lung diseases. And throughout November 1911 she was ill with pneumonia. By this time, the children had grown up completely, they were graduating from the university. Yura is a doctor, Misha is a philologist, and Tonya is a lawyer. Yura is fond of writing poetry, which "forgave the sin of their occurrence for their energy and originality", and believes that literature cannot be a profession. Yura learns that he has a half-brother Evgraf, refuses part of his father's inheritance in favor of his brother, because he wants to achieve everything in life himself.

Anna Ivanovna is getting worse, and Yura is trying to provide her with medical assistance. But something completely different helps her - when she says that she is afraid of the approaching death, Yura tells her a lot about the resurrection of souls for a long time. He says there is no death. Death is not our part ... talent is another matter, it is ours, it is open to us. And talent - in the highest broadest acceptance is the gift of life. Under the influence of Yura's speech, Anna Ivanovna falls asleep, and when she wakes up, she feels better. The disease recedes.

Anna Ivanovna often tells Yura and Tonya about her childhood spent at the Varykino estate in the Urals. She insists that Yura and Tonya go to the Christmas tree to the Svetnitskys, wearing new outfits. Before the young people leave, Anna Ivanovna suddenly decides to bless them, while saying that if she dies, Tonya and Yura should get married, since they are made for each other.

Lara, who was kept by Komarovsky, decides to find an honest income for herself. Nadya Kologrivova invites her to work as a teacher of her younger sister Lipa. Lara lives with the Kologrivovs, who are very wealthy and pay generously for Lara's work. The girl accumulates a fairly solid amount of money. This continues for three years, until the younger brother of Larisa Rodya arrives. He demands money from his sister in order to pay off card debts, otherwise he threatens to shoot himself. He says that he met with Komarovsky and that he is ready to give him money in exchange for resuming relations with Lara. She refuses this option, gives her brother all her savings, and borrows the missing amount from Komarovsky. She takes the revolver, from which Rodya threatened to shoot herself, and in her free time practices shooting. He is very successful in this job.

Larisa feels that she is becoming superfluous in the Kologrivovs' house, since Lipa has already grown up. She can’t repay Komarovsky’s debt in any way, since she secretly pays most of his rent from her fiancé Pasha Antipov. Financial difficulties oppress Lara, her only desire is to give up everything, to go to the outback. To do this, she decides to ask Komarovsky for money. She believes that after everything that happened between them, he should help her free of charge. She learns that Komarovsky will be at the Svetnitskys' Christmas tree, going there, taking Rody's revolver with her, in case the lawyer tries to insult her. Before going to the Christmas tree, Larisa stops by Pasha Antipov, asks them to get married as soon as possible, speak! that she had difficulties in which only he could help her. Pasha agrees. When talking with Larisa, Pasha puts a candle on the window. During the conversation between Lara and Pavel, Tonya and Yura drive past the house in a sleigh, who draws attention to a candle burning in the window. He receives the lines “The candle burned on the table. The candle was burning ... ". Lara comes to the Svetnitskys. Yura and Tonya also arrive there and dance together at the ball. Yura discovers a new Tonya - a charming woman, and not just an old friend. She worries him, Yura presses Tony's handkerchief to his lips, enjoys the happiness of being next to her, and at that moment a shot is heard. It is Lara who shoots Komarovsky, but hits another person. This man is a friend of the prosecutor Kornakov. He is slightly wounded, and Yura gives him first aid. Zhivago is shocked that the very girl he saw in Komarovsky's company in "Montenegro" became the culprit of the incident. And again, he draws attention to how pretty Larisa is. Suddenly, Tonya and Yura are called home - Anna Ivanovna is dying. Tonya takes the death of her mother extremely hard, kneeling at the coffin for hours. Anna Ivanovna is buried in the same cemetery where Yura's mother is buried.

PART 4. IMMEDIATE INEVITABILITIES

The case of the shot, thanks to the efforts of Komarovsky and the Kologrivovs, is hushed up. For a long time Lara lies in a nervous fever. Kologrivov writes her a check for ten thousand rubles. When Larisa comes to her senses, she tells Pasha that they should part because she is unworthy of him. But, saying all this, she sobs so inconsolably that Pasha does not take seriously her words about parting.

Soon the young people get married, then leave Moscow, go to live and work in Yuryatin. Komarovsky asks Lara for permission to visit her in a new place, but she resolutely refuses him. On their wedding night, Lara tells Pasha about her relationship with the lawyer. In the morning, Pasha feels like a completely different person, “almost surprised that his name is still the same.”

In the family of Yuri Andreevich Zhivago and his wife Tonya, the first-born is born, who is named after Tonya's father Alexander. The birth of a child deeply disturbs Zhivago. By this time, Yuri Andreevich had a large medical practice, he is considered an excellent diagnostician. The second autumn of the war is underway. Doctor Zhivago is sent to the active army, where he serves with his childhood friend Misha Gordon.

Lara and Pasha Antipov teach in Yuriatin. They have a daughter, Katya, who is currently three years old. Paul teaches ancient history and Latin. He is dissatisfied with the society in which he is forced to rotate - his colleagues seem to him to be narrow-minded people. In addition, Pavel constantly comes up with the idea that Larisa never loved him and married him only because of the idea of ​​self-sacrifice. In order not to be a burden to Lara, Pavel leaves for a military school, and then to the front. Larisa believes that "he did not appreciate the maternal feeling that she mixed all her life into her tenderness for him, and did not realize that such love is more than ordinary female."

At the front, Pavel realizes that he made a mistake by deciding to go there, and soon he goes missing. Larisa decides to leave Katya in the care of her former pupil Lipa, and she herself goes to the front as a sister of mercy in search of Pavel in order to explain herself to him.

The son of the janitor Gamazetdin Yusupka rose to the rank of second lieutenant at the front. He fought with Pavel and had to inform his family that Antipov had died. But he never found time to write a letter to Larisa, because there were endless fierce battles. Fate brings Yusupka and Zhivago to the hospital, where both end up being treated. And in the same hospital, Lara works as a nurse. Yusupka could not tell her that Pavel died, so he deceives Lara, says that her husband is in captivity. But Larisa feels a lie. Zhivago recognizes Larisa as the girl who shot at the Svetnitskys' Christmas tree, but does not tell her that he had seen her before. At the same time, news comes that a revolution has taken place in St. Petersburg.

PART 5. FAREWELL TO THE OLD

New self-government bodies are being created in Melyuzeevo. "Worn-out" people are elected to various positions. Yusupka, Zhivago and Antipova's sister fall into the category of these people. Larisa and Yuri Andreevich even live in the same house, but in different rooms, while Zhivago does not know exactly where Larisa's room is. He becomes more and more interested in La-roy, but they maintain an official relationship. One of the letters that came to Yuri from his wife contains advice to stay in the Urals with an "amazing sister." Yuri Andreevich is going to go to Moscow to talk to Tonya, but he is delayed by business. The doctor decides to explain himself to Lara so that she does not have any illusions about him, but he ends his chaotic speech by actually declaring his love to Larisa. Zhivago leaves for Moscow.

PART 6. MOSCOW STATION

Zhivago arrives at Tonya's house, who from the door asks him to forget about the nonsense that she wrote in the letter. The child does not recognize his father, hits him in the face and cries. Both Tonya and Yuri feel that this is not a good sign. In the following days, Zhivago begins to feel how lonely he is. “Friends have strangely faded and discolored. No one has their own world, their own opinion ... ”Communication with the closest friends Gordon and Dudorov also does not bring joy to Yuri Andreevich. He is annoyed that Gordon is trying to look like a merry fellow. Yury Andreevich's uncle, Nikolai Nikolayevich, who was "flattered by the role of a political rhetorician and public charmer," also seems strange to his nephew. It was said about Nikolai Nikolayevich that in Switzerland, where he came from, “there was a new young passion, unfinished business, an unfinished book, and that he would only plunge into the stormy domestic whirlpool, and then, if he emerges unharmed, he would again wave to his Alps, and they just took him out." On the occasion of Yuri Andreevich's return, the Zhivagos invite guests. At the table, Zhivago makes a speech about the period of history in which they all happened to live: “The unheard of, the unprecedented is approaching ... In the third year of the war, the people were convinced that sooner or later the border between the front and the rear would be erased, a sea of ​​blood would rise up to everyone and flood holed up and entrenched. The revolution is this flood. During it, it will seem to you, as to us in the war, that life has stopped, everything personal has ended, but only they die and are killed, and if we live to see the notes and memoirs about this time and read these memories, we will be convinced that in five years we have experienced more than others in a whole century ... Russia is destined to become the first kingdom of socialism in the existence of the world.

The main task of Yuri Andreevich is to take care of how to feed his family. He considers his own intelligentsia to be doomed and powerless. He feels himself a pygmy "in front of the monstrous colossus of the future." However, he is proud of this future. Yuri Andreevich gets a job as a doctor at the Exaltation of the Cross Hospital, and Tonya and her father are rebuilding their house, part of which is given to the Agricultural Academy. The family now lives in three barely heated rooms. Zhivago devotes a lot of time to finding firewood.

From the special issue of newspapers, Zhivago learns that Soviet power has been established in Russia and the dictatorship of the proletariat has been introduced. To finish reading the purchased newspaper, Yuri Andreevich enters an unfamiliar entrance, in which he encounters a young man in a deer hat, which is usually worn in Siberia. The young man wants to talk to the doctor, but does not dare. At home, Zhivago, lighting the stove, talks aloud to himself: “What a magnificent surgery! Take and cut out old stinking ulcers at once! .. This is an unprecedented, this is a miracle of history, this revelation is gasped in the very thick of the ongoing everyday life, without attention to its course ... Only the greatest is so inappropriate and untimely.

Yuri Andreevich uses every chance to earn extra money. He goes on calls, and typhus is detected in one of his patients. The woman needs hospitalization, which requires the direction of the house committee. The chairman of the house committee is Lara's old friend Olga Demina. She gives her cab to the patient, she herself, together with Yuri Andreevich, goes on foot. On the way, she talks about Larisa, says that she called her to Moscow, promised to help with the work, but she did not agree. Olga is sure that Larisa married Pavel "with her head, not her heart, since then she has been walking around." Some time later, Yuri Andreevich falls ill with typhus. In delirium, he imagines that he writes poetry, which he had long dreamed of. His family is in desperate need during Zhivago's illness. Yuri Andreevich's half-brother Evgraf arrives from Siberia - the same young man whom the doctor met in an unfamiliar entrance. The brother is read out by Yury Andreevich's verses. He brings food to the Zhivago family, then leaves back for Omsk, before leaving he advises Tonya to go to the former estate of Tony's grandfather Varykino, located not far from Yuriatin. In April, the Zhivago family leaves there.

PART 7. ON THE ROAD

The Zhivagos get themselves a business trip and, with great difficulty, take seats on a train going to the Urals for a long time. The train is prefabricated, it has passenger cars, cars with soldiers recruited into the labor army, following under escort, freight cars. Among those who ride on the train is Vasya Brykin, a sixteen-year-old boy who ended up in the labor army by accident. The railway track is swept with snow, and everyone traveling is mobilized to clear it. Zhivago learns that ataman Strelnikov, an incorruptible and courageous ataman, is in charge of the region, freeing the region from Galiullin's gangs. Several "volunteers" from the labor army, including Vasya Brykin, run away.

Yuri Andreevich at one of the stations decides to walk along the platform, but he is mistaken for a spy and brought to Strelnikov. It turns out that StreYa'nikov and Pavel Antipov are the same person. The people called him Rasstrelnikov. He repeats the name of Yuri Andreevich several times, while making it clear that he knows Zhivago from somewhere. Strelnikov says that he anticipates a new meeting with Zhivago in the future, but next time he promises not to spare him. This time he releases the doctor.

Second book

PART 8. ARRIVAL

During the absence of Yuri Andreevich, Tonya meets the Bolshevik Anfim Efimovich Samdevyatov. He introduces her to the course of all the affairs that are happening in Yuriatin, tells about the new owners of the estate of Tonin's grandfather. Varykin's new owners, the Mikulitsyns, give Zhivago a rather cold welcome. Tonya in Yuryatin is recognized by everyone, although she has never been seen before, since she is very similar to her grandfather, a manufacturer. In addition to the unexpected arrival of Zhivago, the Mikulitsyns have many other problems - Averky Stepanovich, the head of the family, gave all his youth to the revolution, and then found himself on the sidelines, as the workers among whom he worked ran away with the Mensheviks. But still, the Mikulitsyns provide Zhivago with a house and land on which they are engaged in peasant labor, taking care of food.

PART 9. VARYKINO

Yuri Andreevich keeps a diary in which he reflects on his predestination. He comes to the conclusion that his task is "to serve, heal and write." Samdevyatov regularly comes to them, who helps with food and kerosene. Zhivago live quietly, measuredly - in the evenings they gather to talk about literature and art. Suddenly, Evgraf arrives, who "intrudes with a kind genius, a deliverer who resolves all difficulties." Yuri Andreevich still cannot understand what his brother is doing, because he knows nothing about him.

Zhivago often goes to the library, where one day he meets Larisa, but he never dares to approach her.

In the library, he learns Lara's address. He goes to her, meets her near the house with full buckets of water. And the thought comes to his mind that it is just as easy for her to endure life's burdens. Lara introduces him to her daughter Katenka, asks for the details of his meeting with Strelnikov, says that he is actually her husband Pavel and that for a long time he could not have any contact with his family, as revolutionary leaders are supposed to. Lara still loves him and believes that only Pashino's pride made him leave his family - he had to prove the strength of his character.

Very soon, the relationship between Larisa and Yuri Andreevich develops into a love affair. Zhivago is very tormented by the fact that he is forced to deceive Tonya. He decides to break up with Larisa, confess everything to Tone. He tells Larisa about this, goes home, but then decides to return to see her again. Not far from Lara's house, the doctor is seized by partisans from the Forest Brothers detachment, led by Comrade Livery, Mikulitsyn's son from his first marriage.

PART 10. ON THE HIGH ROAD

For two years, Zhivago has been held captive by the partisans, working for them as a doctor. Liberius treats him well, likes to talk with him on philosophical topics.

PART 11. FOREST ARMY

Zhivago tried never to take part in battles, but once he still had to take a weapon from the hands of a dead telephone operator and shoot. Yuri Andreevich aimed at a tree, being careful not to hit anyone, but he did not succeed - he killed three people. Zhivago crawled up to the murdered telephone operator, removed from his neck an amulet containing the text of a psalm, considered miraculous. After some time, he removes a case from the neck of the murdered White Guard, inside of which is the same text. The doctor understands that this man is alive, because the bullet bounced off the case, hitting it. Secretly, Yuri Andreevich nurses this man and lets him go, although he says that he will return to the Kolchakites.

Zhivago observes how "mental illnesses of the most typical nature" begin in a partisan detachment. So, for example, the soldier Pam-fil Palykh became obsessed with fear for loved ones.

PART 12. ROWAN IN SUGAR

Palykh went so far as to bring his wife and children to the detachment, because he was afraid that the whites would kill them. All day long he made toys for children, looked after his wife. But after a while, Palykh himself kills his relatives, arguing that they should die an easy death, and not from the torture of the White Guards. Palykh's comrades don't know what to do with him. Palykh soon disappears from the camp himself. After that, Zhivago also runs on skis under the pretext of collecting frozen mountain ash in the forest.

PART 13. AGAINST THE HOUSE WITH FIGURES

Zhivago, having escaped from the partisans, gets to Yuriatin, to Larisa, despite the fact that for two years he thought about Tonya and his family, about his daughter, whom he had never seen. He gets to Lara's apartment, finds a note from his lover, addressed to him. That is, Larisa already knew that Zhivago had escaped. Wandering the streets, Zhivago reads the directives of the new government hung on the walls and recalls that he once admired “the unconditionalness of this language and the directness of this thought. Is he really supposed to pay for this careless admiration so that in life he will never see anything again, except for these crazy cries and demands that have not changed for many years, the further they go, the more lifeless, incomprehensible and impracticable? Zhivago learns that his family is now in Moscow.

Yuri Andreevich returns to Larisa. He loses consciousness from her, because he is sick, and when he wakes up, he sees Larisa. She nurses him, and when Zhivago gets better, Larisa tells him that her love for her husband has not faded away. Larisa, like Yuri Andreevich, loves two completely different, but equally strong love. She talks about how she became friends with Tonya, at whose birth she was present. Zhivago admits: "I'm crazy, without memory, I love you endlessly."

Larisa explains why her marriage to Pasha broke up. “Pasha ... took a sign of the times, public evil for a domestic phenomenon. The unnaturalness of tone, the bureaucratic stiffness of our reasoning attributed to itself, attributed to the fact that he is a cracker, mediocrity, a man in a case ... He went to war, which no one demanded of him. He did this in order to free us from himself, from his imaginary oppression... With some youthful, falsely directed vanity, he became offended by something in life that no one is offended by. He began to pout at the course of events, at history ... After all, he still settles scores with her to this day.

Zhivago, Larisa and Katenka live like a family. Yuri Andreevich works at the hospital, lectures at medical and surgical courses. But pretty soon he realizes that he will have to quit his job. The doctor realizes that at first he is valued for new thoughts and conscientious work, but it turns out that these new thoughts mean "a verbal garnish to exalt the revolution and those in power."

Larisa fears for her fate and the fate of her daughter. There are grounds for this - the former Moscow neighbors of Larisa Tiverzin and Antipov Sr., who do not like Larisa, have been transferred to the Yuryatinsky collegium of the Revolutionary Tribunal. Both are capable of even destroying their own son in the name of the idea of ​​revolution. Larisa offers Yuri Andreevich to run away from the city, Zhivago offers to leave for Varykino.

Before leaving, a letter arrives from Tonya from Moscow, in which she reports that her daughter was named after Zhivago's mother Maria, that her son yearns for her father, that Tonya herself knows everything about her husband's relationship with Larisa, that they are being expelled from Moscow and they are leaving for Paris . She speaks well of Larisa, but recognizes their complete opposite: “I was born into the world to simplify life and look for the right way out, and she, to complicate it and lead her astray.”

Tonya understands that she and her husband will no longer see each other, admits that she loves him and will raise children with full respect for her father. After reading the letter, Zhivago falls unconscious.

PART 14. AGAIN IN VARYKINO

Zhivago lives with his new family in Varykino. Samdevyatov helps them triple. Yuri Andreevich devotes more and more time to creativity, writes poetry. "... He experienced the approach of what is called inspiration."

Komarovsky is looking for Larisa, telling her that her husband has been arrested and will soon be shot. That is, Larisa can no longer stay in the vicinity of Yuriatin. Komarovsky, who has been offered a seat on a service train bound for the Far East, offers Larisa and Zhivago to go with him, but the doctor refuses. Then the lawyer, face to face, persuades Zhivago to pretend that he agrees to go, only to catch up with Larisa later. For the sake of saving his beloved, Zhivago agrees, and Komarovsky takes Lara away.

Left alone, Yuri Andreevich quietly goes crazy, writes poems dedicated to Larisa, he constantly hears her voice. Samdevyatov scolds him for going down, promising to pick him up from Barykino in three. During these three days, Strelnikov comes to Zhivago. They talk a lot about Larisa, Yuri Andreevich talks about how she loved her husband. Paul says that he went into a six-year separation because he believed that "not all freedom has been won." In the morning, Strelnikov shot himself in the yard.

PART 15. END

The doctor comes on foot to Moscow. On the way he meets Vasya Brykin, who recognizes Zhivago and volunteers to accompany him. Yuri Andreevich looks very bad - down, dirty, overgrown. For some time he and Vasya live in Moscow together. Vasya works in a printing house, he has a penchant for drawing. He condemns Zhivago for not bothering enough about the political justification of his family and a foreign passport to leave after Tonya and the children. Zhivago settles in Flour Town, where his former janitor Markel fences off for him part of the former room of the Svetnitskys. He converges with the janitor's daughter Marina, they have two girls. Zhivago is in correspondence with Tonya, and also communicates with Dudorov and Gordon. Suddenly, Zhivago disappears, transfers a very large amount of money to Marina's name, which he never had. No one can find him anywhere, although he lives very close to Muchny Lane in a rented room. His brother Evgraf helps him with money, he is also busy with getting the doctor a good job, promising to settle the issue of reuniting Zhivago with his family. Evgraf was amazed by his brother's talent, and Yuri Andreevich composed a lot during this period.

One morning, Zhivago is riding in a stuffy overcrowded tram, he becomes ill, and, having barely got out of the tram, the doctor falls dead on the sidewalk. The coffin with the body of the late Zhivago is placed on the table where Yury Andreevich used to work. Evgraf brings Larisa to say goodbye to him. She addresses the deceased: “Your departure, my end. The mystery of life, the mystery of death, the charm of genius, the charm of exposure ... we understood this. After the funeral, Larisa and Evgraf sort through Zhivago's archive. Larisa confesses to Yuri Andreevich's brother that she had a daughter from Yuri.

PART 16. EPILOGUE

In the summer of 1943, Evgraf, already in the rank of general, was looking for the daughter of Larisa and Zhivago, Tanya, a linen maid in one of the units of the Soviet Army. Tanya is familiar with Gordon and Dudorov, who spent their time in the camps in the thirties. Evgraf promises to take her as a niece, to enroll her in a university. After another ten years, Gordon and Dudorov re-read the notebook of Zhivago's works. “Although the enlightenment and liberation expected after the war did not come along with victory, as they thought, but still, the harbinger of freedom was in the air all the post-war years ... And the book ... knew all this and gave their feelings support and confirmation.”

Boris Pasternak is a whole universe, a galaxy that can be studied endlessly. "Doctor Zhivago" is a planet where the finest combinations of poetry and reality are collected. This book has a special spirit, its own soul. It should be read as slowly as possible, reflecting on each phrase. Only then can one feel the loftiness of the novel and find the poetic sparks that fill each page.

Anna Akhmatova "pushed" Pasternak to the idea of ​​creating a novel in May 1944, when she suggested that he write "Faust" of the 20th century. And Boris Leonidovich agreed. Only he did not write as expected of him, but in his own way. After all, Yuri Zhivago, like Faust, is dissatisfied with himself, his life and seeks to change it. But not by making a deal with the devil, but by painstaking work on your soul and its moral principle.

The moral principle in those difficult years was more necessary than ever. Time dictated its conditions, but not everyone tried to silently accept them. Pasternak was tormented by a feeling of some kind of persecution and impotence. Repressions, arrests, suicides. Unbearable. The insatiable machine devoured everything in its path, leaving no chance for survival. That is why in Doctor Zhivago the whole life of the main characters is literally permeated with suffering, mental anguish, uncertainty and poverty. However, Pasternak sincerely believed that the “red monster” would sooner or later moderate his ardor and change his anger to mercy. But things only got worse. Soon it got to Boris Leonidovich himself. The party leadership began to actively stifle literature. Pasternak was not repressed, but in 1946 he began to receive warnings as a poet who did not recognize "our ideology." He did not fit into semi-official post-war art either as a poet or as a prose writer.

Despite everything that happened, the hard work on the novel continued. The titles changed one after another: "There will be no death", "Boys and Girls", "Innokenty Dudorov". Yuri Andreevich could turn out to be Dr. Zhivult. Interestingly, Pasternak's personal connections were also reflected in the novel. The prototype of Lara is Olga Ivinskaya, for whom the author had tender feelings.

Publicistic fate of the book

"Through hardship to the stars". This phrase can describe the difficult path that the novel has taken to end up in the hands of its many readers. Why? Pasternak was denied permission to publish the book. However, in 1957 it was published in Italy. In the Soviet Union, it was published only in 1988, when the author could no longer find out about it.

The history of the novel "Doctor Zhivago" is special in a sense. In 1958, Boris Leonidovich was nominated for the Nobel Prize, which he refused. In addition, a ban was imposed on the publication of the book, and this further fueled interest in the work. Readers expected something special from the novel. But later they were disappointed. This was not hidden even by close friends of Boris Pasternak, among whom were quite famous writers A. I. Solzhenitsyn and Anna Akhmatova, who threw a remark that sowed alienation between the poets.

Genre of Doctor Zhivago

It is difficult to define the genre of the novel unambiguously. The work can be considered autobiographical, since the main milestones of the writer's life took place in it. We can safely say that the hero of the novel, who finds himself in the whirlpool of ongoing events and subtly feels the world around him in all its changes and vibrations, is the second “I” of Boris Pasternak.

At the same time, the novel is also philosophical, since the questions of being do not occupy the last place in it.

The work is also interesting from a historical point of view. Pasternak correlates his novel with a true picture of life. "Doctor Zhivago" - Russia, shown to us as it really is. From this point of view, the artist's book is a traditional realistic work that reveals the historical era through the fate of individuals.

In terms of its metaphor, figurativeness, symbolism and poetics, Doctor Zhivago is a novel in verse and prose.

For most, this is a “love story” with an entertaining plot.

Thus, we have a multi-genre novel.

Composition "Doctor Zhivago"

As soon as we begin to get acquainted with the book, then from the very first chapter, consciousness puts a tick in front of the item “structural elements of composition”. One of them is the protagonist's notebook, which has become a harmonious continuation of his prosaic beginning. The poems confirm the tragic perception of reality by the author and Doctor Zhivago, they reveal the overcoming of tragedy in creativity.

An important compositional feature of the novel is a heap of chance meetings, unexpected twists of fate, various coincidences and coincidences. It often seems to the heroes of the novel that such life turns are basically impossible and unbelievable, that this is some kind of dream, a mirage that will disappear as soon as they open their eyes. But no. Everything is real. It is noteworthy that without this, the action of the novel could not have developed at all. The "poetics of coincidences" makes itself known for a reason. It is justified by the artistic originality of the work and the attitude of the author, who strives to convey to the reader his vision of a particular situation as accurately as possible.

In addition, the structure of the novel is based on the principle of cinematographic montage, the selection of independent scenes - shots. The plot of the novel is not based on the acquaintance of the characters and the further development of their relationship, but on the intersection of parallel and independently developing destinies.

Themes of Pasternak's novel

The theme of the path is another of the leading ones in the novel. One strays from this path and goes aside, and in an arc gains spiritual maturity here, dooming himself to difficult thoughts in solitude. To which of them does Zhivago belong? To the second. The flight of the doctor from half-frozen hungry Moscow to the Urals is a forced step. Going on a journey, Yuri does not feel like a victim. He feels that he will find the truth and reveal the hidden truth about himself. And so it happens. A creative gift, true love and philosophy of life - this is what a person gets who has escaped beyond his consciousness, left the "safe harbor", not being afraid to go into the unknown.

The author brings us back to another side of reality - to a person, raising love as one of the most beautiful phenomena of life. The theme of love is another theme of the novel. It is literally permeated with love: for children, for family, for each other and for the Motherland.

The themes stated in the novel cannot be divided. They look like skillful weaving, which will immediately collapse if even one thread is removed. Nature, love, fate and the way seem to be spinning in an elegant dance that gives us an understanding of the genius of this novel.

Problems in the novel

One of the main problems in the novel is the fate of the creative person in the revolution.

The pursuit of truth entailed a clash of ideals with reality. Creativity collided with revolutionary reality and was desperately defended. People were forced to defend their right to individuality. However, their desire for creative originality was brutally suppressed and took away any hope of liberation.

It is noteworthy that the text speaks of physical work as a real creative work. The problem of beauty, the philosophy of femininity, and even the "royalty" of a person engaged in simple labor is primarily associated with the image of Lara. In everyday chores - at the stove or trough - it strikes "the spirit with its breathtaking appeal." Pasternak peers with admiration at the "beautiful healthy faces" of "people from the people" who have worked on the earth all their lives. The writer managed to show the national character of the heroes. They do not just love, think, act - their deep national rootedness is manifested in all their actions. They even talk "like only Russian people talk in Russia."

The problem of love is connected with the main characters in the work. This love is fateful, destined for heroes from above, but faced with obstacles in the form of chaos and disorder of the surrounding world.

Intelligentsia in the novel "Doctor Zhivago"

In the souls of the Russian intelligentsia of that time lived a readiness for asceticism. The intelligentsia expected the revolution, presenting it rather abstractly, without realizing what consequences it could lead to.

Thanks to spiritual thirst and the desire to comprehend the world around him, Yuri Andreevich Zhivago becomes a thinker and poet. The spiritual ideals of the hero are based on a miracle: throughout his life he never lost the ability to perceive the world, human life and nature as a miracle! Everything is in life, and everything is life, only it was, is and will be. In this philosophy, two points attract attention and explain the reasons for the tragic state of affairs of the hero in his contemporary society: the uncertain position of Yuri and the rejection of "violence". The conviction that "one must be attracted by kindness" did not allow Zhivago to cling to either of the two warring parties, because violence lay at the heart of their programs of activity.

Strelnikov is bred in the novel as the antipode of Zhivago. He is a ruthless, indispensable reasoner, ready to confirm with his weighty proletarian word any, the most cruel sentence. His inhumanity was presented as a miracle of class consciousness, which eventually led him to suicide.

The intelligentsia played an important role in shaping revolutionary reality. The desire for novelty, change and a change in the ruling stratum wiped off the face of the earth that thin layer of the real intelligentsia, which consisted of scientists, creative figures, engineers and doctors. New "individuals" began to come to replace them. Pasternak noticed how, in the putrid atmosphere of NEP, a new privileged stratum began to take shape with a claim to an intellectual monopoly and to continuity in relation to the old Russian intelligentsia. Returning to Moscow, Yuri Zhivago made a living sawing firewood from wealthy people. One day he went to check. Yury Andreevich's books lay on the table. Wanting to look like an intellectual, the owner of the house read Zhivago's works, but did not deign the author himself even with a glance.

Revolution and Christian motives

“The grain will not sprout unless it dies,” Pasternak loved this gospel wisdom. Finding himself in the most difficult situation, a person still cherishes the hope of rebirth.

According to many researchers, B. Pasternak's personality model is focused on Christ. Yuri Zhivago is not Christ, but the "age-old prototype" is reflected in his fate.

To understand the novel, it is necessary to understand the author's approach to the gospel and to the revolution. In the Gospel, Boris Pasternak perceived, first of all, love for one's neighbor, the idea of ​​individual freedom and an understanding of life as a sacrifice. It was with these axioms that the revolutionary worldview, which allowed violence, turned out to be incompatible.

In his youth, the revolution seemed like a thunderstorm to Pasternak's hero, it seemed to him "something evangelical" - in scale, in spiritual content. The spontaneous revolutionary summer gave way to the autumn of disintegration. The bloody soldier's revolution frightens Yuri Zhivago. Despite this, admiration for the idea of ​​revolution breaks through with sincere admiration for the first decrees of Soviet power. But he soberly looks at what is happening, becoming more and more convinced that reality is at odds with the proclaimed slogans. If at first Zhivago the doctor seemed justified in surgical intervention for the sake of healing society, then, disappointed, he sees that love and compassion are disappearing from life, and the desire for truth is replaced by concern for the benefit.

The hero rushes between two camps, rejects the violent suppression of the personality. The conflict develops between Christian and new morality based on violence. Yuri turns out to be "neither in those nor in these." He is repulsed by the wrestlers with their fanaticism. It seems to him that outside of the struggle they do not know what to do. War, on the other hand, absorbs their entire essence, and there is no place for creativity in it and no need for truth.

Nature in the work "Doctor Zhivago"

Man is part of nature. The natural world in the novel is animated and materialized. He does not rise above a person, but, as it were, exists in parallel with him: he is sad and happy, excites and calms, warns of imminent changes.

The tragic scene of Yura's mother's funeral opens the work. Nature, together with people, mourns for a good person. The wind sings a mournful song in unison with the farewell singing of the funeral procession. And when Yuri Andreevich passes away, some flowers become a substitute for the "missing singing." The earth takes the “gone” to another world.

The landscape in the novel is also a picturesque picture, giving rise in the human soul to feelings of admiration, enjoyment of beautiful nature. "Don't fall in love!" How can you live and not notice this beauty?

Favorite image - the Sun, which "shyly" illuminates the area, being a special attraction. Or, “setting down behind the houses”, it throws red strokes on objects (flag, traces of blood), as if warning of imminent danger. Another generalizing image of nature is the calm high Sky, conducive to serious philosophical reflection, or, flashing with a “pink fluttering fire”, empathizing with the events taking place in the human community. The landscape is no longer depicted, but acts.

A person is evaluated through nature, a comparison with it allows you to make a more accurate description of the image. So Lara, from the point of view of other characters, is "a birch grove with pure grass and clouds."

Landscape sketches excite. White water lilies on the pond, yellow acacia, fragrant lilies of the valley, pink hyacinths - all this on the pages of the novel exudes a unique aroma that penetrates the soul and fills it with burning fire.

The meaning of symbolism

Boris Pasternak is a writer of fine mental organization, living in harmony with nature and feeling the nuances of life, able to enjoy every day he lives and accepting everything that happens as given from above. A person who opens his BOOK is immersed in a world filled with sounds, colors, symbols. The reader seems to transform into a listener of music masterfully performed by a pianist. No, this is not solemn music, sounding in one key. The major is replaced by the minor, the atmosphere of harmony - the atmosphere of breaking. Yes, such is life, and it is precisely this perception of it that the artist conveys in the novel. How does he do it?

But the night always replaces the day, the cold always replaces the heat. Cold, Wind, Blizzard, Snowfall are an integral part of our life, an important component, a negative side, with which we must also learn to live. These symbols in Pasternak's novel indicate that the world around a person can be cruel. It is mentally necessary to prepare yourself for these difficulties.

Human life is beautiful because it consists not only of opposites, but also includes many different shades. The symbol that personifies the diversity of human types is the Forest, where the most diverse representatives of the animal and plant world coexist in harmony.

Road, Path - symbols of movement, striving forward, symbols of knowledge of the unknown, new discoveries. Each person in life has his own Road, his own destiny. It is important that this is not a path of loneliness, which will certainly lead to a dead end in life. It is important that this be the Path leading a person to Good, Love, Happiness.

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The beginning of the 20th century was a period of severe trials for Russia: the First World War, revolution, civil war destroyed millions of human destinies. The complex relationship between man and the new era is described with poignant drama in Boris Leonidovich Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago. Analysis of the work according to the plan will allow you to better prepare not only for the lesson in literature in grade 11, but also for the exam.

Brief analysis

Year of writing- 1945-1955.

History of creation The novel was written over ten years, and brought the writer the Nobel Prize in Literature. However, the fate of the work was not at all easy: for a long time it was banned at home, and real persecution unfolded against Pasternak.

Subject- The work fully discloses the problems of many pressing social issues, but the central theme is the opposition of man and history.

Composition- The composition of the work is very complex and is based on the interweaving of the fates of the main characters. All the characters of the central characters are considered through the prism of Yuri Zhivago's personality.

Genre- A multi-genre novel.

Direction- Realism.

History of creation

The novel was created over a whole decade (1945-1955). And this is not surprising, since the work describes the most important era in the history of Russia and raises the global problems of society.

For the first time, the idea to write such a grandiose novel came to Boris Leonidovich in 17-18, but at that time he was not yet ready for such work. The writer began to realize his plan only in 1945, having spent 10 years of hard work on this.

In 1956, attempts were made in the Soviet Union to publish the novel, but they were unsuccessful. Pasternak was subjected to the most severe criticism for the anti-Soviet content of the novel, while the entire Western world literally applauded the Russian genius for his brilliant work. World recognition of "Doctor Zhivago" led to the fact that Boris Leonidovich was awarded the Nobel Prize, which he was forced to refuse at home. The novel was first published in the Soviet Union only in 1988, opening to the general public the incredible power of Pasternak's literary gift.

Interestingly, Boris Leonidovich was far from immediately able to decide on the name of his offspring. One version was replaced by another (“There will be no death”, “The candle burned”, “Innokenty Dudorov”, “Boys and Girls”), until, finally, he settled on the final version - “Doctor Zhivago”.

The meaning of the name The novel consists in comparing the protagonist with the merciful and all-forgiving Christ - "You are the son of the living God." It is no coincidence that the writer chose the Old Slavonic form of the adjective "live" - ​​this is how the theme of sacrifice and resurrection runs like a red thread in the work.

Subject

Analyzing the work in Doctor Zhivago, it is worth noting that the author revealed in it many important topics Key words: life and death, search for oneself in a renewed society, loyalty to one's ideals, choice of a life path, the fate of the Russian intelligentsia, honor and duty, love and mercy, resistance to the blows of fate.

However central theme novel can be called the relationship of personality and era. The author is sure that a person should not sacrifice his own life for the sake of fighting external circumstances, nor should he adapt to them, losing his true "I". The basic idea that Pasternak wants to convey in his work lies in the ability to remain himself under any living conditions, no matter how difficult they may be.

Yuri Zhivago does not strive for luxury or the satisfaction of his own ambitions - he simply lives and endures all the difficulties that fate brings him. No external circumstances can break his spirit, lose his self-esteem, change the life principles that were formed in his youth.

The author attaches no less importance theme of love which pervades the entire novel. This strong feeling in Pasternak is shown in all possible manifestations - love for a man or woman, for his family, profession, homeland.

Composition

The main feature of the composition of the novel is a heap of random, but at the same time fateful meetings, all kinds of coincidences, coincidences, unexpected twists of fate.

Already in the first chapters, the author skillfully weaves a complex plot knot in which the fates of the main characters are connected by invisible threads: Yuri Zhivago, Lara, Misha Gordon, Komarovsky and many others. At first, it may seem that all the plot intricacies are unnecessarily far-fetched and complex, but in the course of the novel their true meaning and purpose become clear.

The composition of the novel is based on the acquaintance of the acting characters and the subsequent development of their relationship, but on the crossing of independently developing human destinies. The main characters, like an X-ray, are seen through by the author, and all of them, one way or another, close on Yuri Zhivago.

An interesting compositional move by Pasternak is Zhivago's notebook with his poems. It symbolizes a window into the infinity of being. Having lost a genuine interest in life and morally sunk to the very bottom, the main character dies, but his soul remains to live in beautiful poems.

main characters

Genre

It is extremely difficult to accurately determine the genre of the novel, since it is a rich fusion of various genres. This work can be safely called autobiographical, since it reflects the main life milestones of Pasternak, who endowed the main character with many personal qualities.

Also, the novel is philosophical, as it pays a lot of attention to reflections on serious topics. The work is also of great interest from a historical point of view - it describes in detail, without embellishment, a whole historical layer in the history of a large country.

One should not deny the fact that Doctor Zhivago is a deeply lyrical novel in verse and prose, in which symbols, images, and metaphors take up a lot of space.

The genre originality of the work is amazing: it surprisingly harmoniously intertwines many literary genres. This gives reason to conclude that "Doctor Zhivago" refers to a multi-genre novel.

It is also difficult to say which direction the novel belongs to, but, for the most part, this is a realistic work.

Artwork test

Analysis Rating

Average rating: 3.9. Total ratings received: 122.

This post was inspired by Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago. Despite the fact that I liked the book very much, I "tormented" it for two months.

Summary of the novel by Boris Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago"
Yuri Zhivago is the central character in Boris Pasternak's novel. The story begins with a description of the funeral of Yura's mother, who was then still quite small. Soon Yura's father, once a wealthy representative of the Zhivago family, also died. He threw himself from a moving train and crashed. It was rumored that a very clever lawyer by the name of Komarovsky was to blame. It was he who managed the financial affairs of Father Yuri and thoroughly confused them.

Yura remained in the care of his uncle, who took care of his development and education. Uncle's family belonged to the intelligentsia, so Yura developed comprehensively. Yura had good friends: Tonya Kruger, Misha Gordon and Innokenty Dudorov.

Yura decides to become a doctor, because his personality was the most suitable for this profession (as we will see later, Zhivogo really became a good doctor). After finishing his education, Yuri marries Tonya. But family happiness did not last long - the First World War began, and Yuri was nevertheless called to the front immediately after the birth of his son Alexander. Yuri went through the whole war and saw not only the horrors of the war itself, but also the revolution that caused the collapse of the army and the Russian state. After the revolution, the Civil War began.

Yuri hardly reached Moscow and found her in a very sad state: there was no food, the Provisional Government could not cope with its duties, the Bolsheviks, incomprehensible to anyone, were gaining strength.

Another very important heroine of Boris Pasternak's novel, Larisa, was the daughter of Madame Guichard, who owned a small sewing workshop. Larisa was smart and beautiful, which Komarovsky, already known to us, who conducted the business of Madame Guichard, did not fail to notice. He seduced Larisa and kept her in some kind of irrational fear and submission. Larisa was friends with Pavel Antipov, whom he secretly helps with money. Pavel is the son of a man of Bolshevik views and convictions. He was constantly persecuted, so Paul was brought up by strangers.

Over time, Pavel and Larisa create a family, they will have a daughter. They go to the Urals, to Yuryatin, and work as teachers in a gymnasium. Pavel, obeying some strange urge, enrolls in officer courses and goes to war, where he goes missing. Comrade Pavel Galiullin considers him dead, but Pavel was captured. Larisa becomes a nurse and goes in search of Pavel. Fate brings them together at the front with Yuri Zhivago. They felt strong sympathy for each other, but their feelings have not yet become strong. Fate separates them - Zhivago returns to Moscow, Larisa - to Yuryatin.

The Zhivago family lives in Moscow in limbo: there is not enough money, there is no or little work, and a civil war is raging in the country. They remember the estate of grandfather Tony in Varykino (near Yuriatin) and decide to go there to experience the horrors of war in a distant and abandoned corner. After a long time receiving the necessary documents, they go on a long journey. Trains run poorly and irregularly, whites and reds have not yet figured out who is stronger, the country is flooded with robbers and marauders. How long does it take them to reach Yuryatin and come to Varykino, where they first settle in the manager's house, and then equip their dwelling. They are engaged in agriculture and slowly improve their way of life.

Zhivago heals people from time to time and becomes a very famous person in the city. He visits Yuryatin's library from time to time and one day meets Larisa there. Now their feelings have made themselves felt and they become lovers. Yuri is very fond of both Tonya and Larisa. Out of great respect for his wife, he decides to confess his treason to her and leave Larisa, but on the way home he is taken prisoner by the Red partisans. He spent the next almost two years with the partisans, performing the duties of a doctor. Therefore, he did not even see the child with whom Tonya was pregnant at the time of his capture.

Yuri Zhivago roams Siberia with partisans, heals the sick and patiently endures all the conversations of the fanatical partisan commander Mikulitsyn (he was the son of the manager of the Varykino estate). One day he flees from the partisans, when uncertainty and excitement for his family could no longer keep him in the detachment. He walks to Yuriatin and learns that his family is safe; they left for Moscow and are preparing for forced expulsion abroad (as representatives of a layer of society that the new government does not need - the intelligentsia). Tonya informs him in a letter about all this and allows him to live as he sees fit.

Zhivago also finds Larisa; with her, he again develops the closest relationship. She left him after an illness caused by a long transition to Yuriatin. Briy recovers and they try to fix their lives, both enter the service. As time went on, they felt that the new government would hardly be able to accept them. Therefore, they decide to leave again for Varykino in order to save themselves and hide from the raging new power there. Ironically, Larisa Antipov's father-in-law, who is not particularly fond of her, wants to send trouble on her. Larisa, as we remember. secretly helped him and Paul with money when they experienced hardships. Shortly before the departure of Larisa and Yuri, they are found by the same Komarovsky and invites them to leave for the Far East, where the power of the whites is still preserved. Zhivago and Larisa refuse and leave for Varykino.

They spent only about two weeks in Varykino: Larisa understands that Komarovsky is the only chance to save her daughter, but she categorically does not want to leave Yuri, who categorically does not want to go with Komarovsky. Komarovsky, meanwhile, arrives in Varykino and convinces Yuri to let Larisa go with him. Yuri realizes that he will never see her again, but allows them to leave.

After the departure of Larisa and Komarovsky, Yuri begins to go crazy with loneliness and degrade: he drinks a lot, but at the same time writes poems about Larisa. Once a stranger comes to Varykino, he turns out to be the once formidable Strelnikov, who terrified the whole of Siberia, and now a fugitive. This very Strelnikov opposes the Whites, who are led by Galiullil, already known to us. Strelnikov turns out to be Larisa's husband Pavel Antipov, who, being an idealist, wanted to make the world a better place and bring it to Larisa's feet (Antipov was Galiullin's colleague during the First World War). He thought that she never loved him, but Zhivago said that she beat him up even when she was with Yuri. Strelnikov-Antipov, struck by this news, understands how much stupidity and evil he has done. In the morning, Yuri finds him shot and buries him. After that, Yuri starts on foot to Moscow.

Having reached Moscow through the territory of a destroyed and wounded country, Zhivago again begins to write and publish his books, which are popular among the intelligentsia. At the same time, he descends, abandons the practice and enters into a relationship with his third and final woman - the daughter of the former janitor of the Tony family. They have two children. 8 or 9 years go by like this.

One day Zhivago disappears and informs his family that he will live separately for some time. The fact is that he is again found by his half-brother Evgraf, who turns out to be a man with connections and opportunities. Many years ago, he helped Tonya to get Yuri out of illness, and now he rented a room for him, which, ironically, turns out to be the same room where Larisa and Pavel once lived. Yuri tries to write again, gets a job, dies on the day he goes to work (heart failure). A lot of people come to Yuri's funeral, Larisa also visited them, who then disappeared without a trace (probably was arrested).

The story of Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" ends in the forties (during the offensive of our troops against the Nazis): his old friends Dudorov and Gordon meet and discuss all sorts of news, including the amazing fate of the daughter of Yuri and Larisa. Their daughter was an orphan and a homeless child, but she was eventually found and taken under his wing by Yuri's half-brother Yevgraf, who turned out to be a general. the general also took care of Yuri's work.

Meaning
Probably, the life of Yuri Zhivago should be associated with the existence of a forever lost layer - the Russian intelligentsia. Weak, impractical, but deeply sympathetic and sacrificial, the Russian intelligentsia ceased to exist, unable to find a place for itself in the new coordinate system. Just as Yury Zhivago did not find a place for himself.

Conclusion
I read the book for a very long time. At first it did not seem exciting to me, but slowly I read it and could no longer tear myself away. I liked it very much. I recommend reading!

Doctor Zhivago

The image of Yuri Andreevich Zhivago from the novel "Doctor Zhivago" was created by the famous Russian poet and prose writer Boris Pasternak during 1945-1955. The prototype for Doctor Zhivago was undoubtedly Boris Pasternak himself, who came from an intelligent Moscow family. His mother was a famous pianist, and his father was an academician of painting at the School of Painting. From an early age, Pasternak showed an interest in music and poetic art. But he did not have absolute pitch to feel free on the path of a musician. And he first entered the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, and a year later, on the advice of Scriabin, he moved to the Faculty of History, from which he graduated from the Philosophical Department.

In the novel Doctor Zhivago, Boris Pasternak expressed his own view of the era and the events taking place in the country through the image of the protagonist. Drawing a wide canvas of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the backdrop of one of the most dramatic periods from the beginning of the century to the Civil War, New Economic Policy and the period of the Great Patriotic War, the writer touched upon the innermost questions of life - the mystery of life and death, the problems of Russian history, Christianity, and Jewry.

The place of life and residence of Yuri Zhivago is Moscow and the fictional Siberian city of Yuriatin, the name of which the writer formed on behalf of the main character. That is, in a figurative sense, this is the place of Yuri Zhivago's life in himself, his inner world called Yuriatin. The inner world of the hero is so rich that it allows him to survive in the terrible conditions of the upheavals of Russian life (many researchers of Pasternak's life and work believe, however, that the Ural Perm is considered Yuryatin's prototype).

According to the plot of the novel, Yurochka Zhivago comes from a wealthy but bankrupt noble Moscow family in the past. His family in Moscow previously owned both a manufactory and a bank, his name was known throughout Moscow. But the good times are over. Yura's father left his mother and spent time in revelry in Siberia and abroad. His mother raised him alone, often going to Italy or the south of France for treatment. Then Yura either accompanied her abroad, or stayed with strangers, which he was used to from early childhood. The novel begins with Yura Zhivago burying his mother. Then he goes with his uncle, his mother's brother, to the south of Russia, where he is employed in the publishing house of a progressive newspaper.

The uncle subsequently went abroad, and the slightly matured Yuri Zhivago, returning to Moscow, is brought up in the family of a chemistry professor Alexander Gromeko and his wife Anna Kruger, heiress of factories and an estate near Yuriatin. Their family also grew up a daughter, the same age as Yura, Tonya, who later became his wife. In his youth, the impressionable Yuri began to write poetry. They were printed. But, considering writing poetry an occupation that does not bring income, he chose the profession of a doctor and entered the medical faculty of the university.

Gromek's house had a hothouse intelligent atmosphere and there were always many friends. One of them is a connoisseur of Yuri's poems - Misha Gordon, a student of the Faculty of Philosophy and Philology. In childhood and youth, Zhivago twice accidentally met, under strange circumstances, the future love of his life - Lara Guichard, who was the daughter of a bankrupt Frenchwoman and a Belgian. Seduced by her mother's lover, lawyer Komarovsky, Lara shot at her seducer during one of their chance encounters with Zhivago.

Yuri Zhivago also met Lara on one of the fronts of the First Imperialist War, where he was mobilized as a doctor. By that time, he and Tonya had already had a son. And Larisa Guichard, having married her friend Pasha Antipov, leaves for the Urals in Yuryatin, where their daughter was born. Antipov went to the front. Following him, the temperamental Lara, who does not tolerate delays in her life, went to the front as a sister of mercy. Having got to know her better, the already adult Zhivago fell in love with Larisa, and these feelings were mutual, although both of them, under the pressure of duty to the families they had already created, tried to suppress them.

The strip of alienation lay between Yuri and Tonya upon his return to Moscow. He told her about Antipova. But Larisa also loved her husband, and she returned to Yuriatin before she left the Zhivago front, running away from her feelings. Zhivago and Antipova met again during the Civil War. Having decided to hide for a while from the revolutionary events that shook Moscow, the Gromeko family, together with Yuri Zhivago, left for their estate Varykino near Yuriatin. There, in Yuriatin, Zhivago meets Lara again, who works as a teacher at the local school. Her husband, taking the surname Strelnikov for himself, became a formidable revolutionary commissar, disappearing all the time on the fronts of the war, so the woman lived alone, taking care of her daughter.

Unable to resist his feelings, Zhivago became friends with Lara Antipova. Spending time with Larisa in Yuriatin, he was torn between two women dear to him, unable to fight the force of life that attracted him to Lara. By then, his wife was pregnant with their second child. Zhivago himself was captured by the Red partisan detachments and served as their doctor for two years. Returning from captivity, he again found Lara. They were happy together, although the historical situation threatened the complete collapse of their former life. The Bolsheviks established their power in the country. Komarovsky reappeared, taking Lara and her daughter away from the snowy Varykino, where they hid from the war along with Zhivago. Yuri allowed them to do this, being left alone. Varykino visited the Strelnikovs, not finding Lara there, but learning from Zhivago that she loved them both.

Due to internal devastation, Antipov-Strelnikov committed suicide. And Zhivago was forced to return to Moscow, which by that time had already left his family deported on a philosophical ship. Along the way, he took with him the peasant boy Vasya, whom he tried to bring to the people in Moscow, where they ended up at the beginning of the NEP. By acquaintance, he got him a job at the former Stroganov School, where he soon moved to the printing department. For some time Zhivago wrote small books on philosophy and medicine, and Vasya printed them as examination papers that were credited to him. In addition, Yuri Andreevich was for some time as a full-time doctor of various associations. He constantly petitioned for the political rehabilitation of his family, for the issuance of a passport to him in order to take her away from Paris, but to no avail.

Vaska gradually moved away from him. And Zhivago moved to the former house of the Sventitskys, where Markel, the former janitor of the Gromeko family, lived as a manager, and began to sink. With Markel's daughter Marina, he had two daughters. One day, Yuri met his half-brother Evgraf, who helped him rent a room, gave him money and began to fuss about his return to work in the hospital. Having informed Marina, who loved him madly, about his temporary departure through a letter, Zhivago took up writing by pure chance in the very room where the young Pasha Antipov had once lived. One sultry summer day, he died of a heart attack while getting off a crowded tram. On the day of his funeral, Larisa accidentally entered Antipov's former room, recognizing her beloved Yuri Zhivago in the deceased.

She told Evgraf Zhivago a story about their common daughter with Yura, who was lost to her in the north during a move with Komarovsky. Having asked to find her daughter, Larisa disappeared somewhere. Her fate is hidden by a veil of the author's assumptions about a possible arrest and death in the camps. And some time later, Zhivago's comrades Gordon and Dudorov learned from the story of a simple underwear maker Tanya Bezotcha that she was the lost daughter of Zhivago and Larisa. For them, this discovery has become a sad allegory of the high in the low.

Yuri Zhivago, in whose name the author recorded the vitality of the hero, went through a violent era of the destruction of the old world. This era, like tarpaulin boots, passed through his life. Zhivago is not a fighter, but a repeater of that era. An intellectual in whom sadness and confusion before the wheel of revolution and a new rough life in Russia are replaced, if not by faith, then by love for life itself, which nourished his soul from early childhood.

The novel "Doctor Zhivago" was banned by the Soviet censorship and officially reviled. It was first printed in Italy, in Milan in 1957. In 1958, Boris Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize, which members of his family received after the death of the writer. Images of Yuri Zhivago were created in films based on the novel in Brazil in 1959, in the USA in 1965, in Great Britain in 2002, and finally in Russia in 2005. Russian Zhivago was embodied on the screen by actor Oleg Menshikov.

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