Arguments on the topic: "Experience and mistakes"

A word about Igor's regiment"

A work of ancient Russian literature, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" is also relevant in our 21st century. It raises so many problems, so much material for reflection to the modern reader! Experience and mistakes. The hero of the "Word ..." - Prince Igor - makes a terrible mistake: he goes to the Polovtsy with a small retinue, and most importantly, there was no need for his campaign, since the Kyiv prince Svyatoslav defeated the Polovtsy for a long time, having driven them away from raids for a long time to Russia. VCL.

Igor, guided primarily by his own selfish interests (he wanted to prove to all the princes that he was brave, and his squad was also capable of defeating the enemy: “I want to break a spear in an unfamiliar Polovtsian field ...”), destroys the squad, he himself is captured, and Polovtsy, sensing the weakness of the Russian army, resumed their raids again. The price of Igor's mistake is great. Yes, he gained experience in military operations, he realized that it was necessary for the prince to think over his actions several steps ahead. However, the lives of warriors can not be returned.

The author is trying to convey to the princes - people dressed in power - that the fate of warriors is in their hands, that, first of all, intelligence, insight, foresight should be characteristic of them in order to make fewer mistakes in their actions, and accumulate experience by victories, thoughtful actions.

A. S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"

The brilliant work of A. S. Griboedov strikes with the variety of topics, problems, the brightness of the characters, the importance of every detail. The theme of experience and mistakes also found its place in the play. Sophia, a young girl brought up on French love novels, does not see or understand that Molchalin's feelings are false. She is still inexperienced, she cannot understand where the true feeling is, and where there is only a game of love, and even with far-reaching goals (Molchalin dreams of marrying Sophia in order to enter high society, move up the career ladder). “At my age, one should not dare to have one’s own opinion,” is the principle of Molchalin.

And Chatsky, and Lisa, and even Famusov unraveled Molchalin, only Sophia is blinded by her love and sees only positive qualities in her lover. ("... compliant, modest, quiet ..."). Well, as she says herself, “happy hours are not observed.”

An epiphany will come, she will understand her mistake, but it will be too late. What a pity that the heroine did not appreciate Chatsky's feelings - sincere, real.

Who knows, maybe this bitter experience in the future will lead to the fact that she will lose faith in love altogether. But while she loves, not realizing that she is going to the abyss, because she has chosen such a low and vile person.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Favorite characters of the novel "War and Peace"! How beautiful they are! Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov. The author showed them so real that they became friends for readers - their feelings and thoughts are so close and understandable. Heroes don't always follow a straight path. Each of them makes their own mistakes in life. But that's the beauty of it, that they are aware of them, trying to correct them. They improve, strive to become better - and this attracts readers so much. Recall Andrei Bolkonsky at the beginning of the novel. How much selfishness and selfishness in him, how he dreams of glory - at any cost, having chosen Napoleon as almost an idol. But the wound at Austerlitz, the clear realization of the finiteness of life and the infinity of nature - all this helped Andrei realize how petty his dreams were, how insignificant. (“What a beauty! How did I not notice this before? We are nothing compared to a clear, blue, endless sky.”)

It will be difficult for him to find his own way - from disappointment in life to the desire to be needed by everyone. (“No. Life is not over at the age of 31, Prince Andrei suddenly decided completely, without fail. Not only do I know everything that is in me, it is necessary that everyone knows this ...”)

And in the end, the hero is with the people, defending his homeland, heroically fighting near Borodino, having received a mortal wound. Through mistakes to understanding the highest meaning of life, which lies in love for loved ones, people, country - this is the way Tolstoy's hero goes.

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

A whole theory is created by Raskolnikov, the hero of the novel by F. Dostoevsky, according to which a person has the right to kill people if he has a great goal. (Power is given only to those who dare to bend down and take it.")

He wants to check who he is, whether he can decide the fate of people. (“Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right?”)

However, I realized that I could not do it. The mistake, the ill-conceivedness of his theory, its cruelty and inhumanity - all this became a lesson for the hero. The hero crossed the line, alienated himself from people by a crime - the murder of an old pawnbroker and her set ("Everything has a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once crossed, it is impossible to go back") True, he did not immediately realize his mistake. Sonya Marmeladova helped him in this. It was her love that resurrected the hero, he realized the horror of what he had done and went on a different path, gaining bitter experience ("They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of another.")

M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "Gentlemen Golovlyov"

How many mistakes do the heroes of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's story “Lord Golovlyovs” make in their lives! It was these mistakes that made their lives miserable. Golovleva's mistakes are in the wrong choice of moral values. She believed that money is the main thing, she did not give children moral education. And when they grew up, she threw out a “piece” for each - part of the inheritance and thought that this was the end of her maternal mission. And in response I received indifference and coldness of children. She dies alone, abandoned and forgotten by everyone.

Judas Golovlev. "Iudushka, Blood-drinking", - this is exactly what he called his son - Porfiry Petrovich¸ his mother. What a low figure! All his life he dodged, adapted, sought benefits. He alienated everyone from himself, he does not need anyone, because Judas subordinated his life to one thing - money. For their sake, for the sake of his fortune, he is ready for anything. So, Porfiry persuaded his mother to deprive his older brother, Stepan, of his inheritance; he is completely indifferent to the fate of his other brother, Pashka (this can be seen when he stands at the bedside of his dying brother, as if he is reading a prayer, but there is so much indifference and joy in him, because now he will get the entire inheritance), and he prepared for his mother a wordless life attachments; he refuses to help his children - Volodenka and Petenka, dooming them to death. There is no sympathy, no pity in the soul of this man.

And what kind of life did Judas come to? To the boring, lonely one: “A series of sluggish, ugly days dragged on, one after another drowning in a gray, gaping abyss of time”) And was it worth making so many mistakes in life for this?

But he also has an epiphany at the end of his life. And even he is able to understand what a mistake his life was. (. He became afraid; he needed to freeze the feeling of reality in himself to such an extent that there was not even this emptiness.)

And he goes to his mother at his mother's grave to ask for her forgiveness. It's too late. On the way, the hero dies, also lonely, abandoned by everyone, unhappy. Heavy work. The complex fate of people was shown by the author. But everything said is true. This is how a person’s life can end if he chooses the wrong moral guidelines, if he moves away from loved ones and close people, subordinating himself to hoarding. For what? A bitter experience of disappointment is sure to await every such person. After all, the main thing in life is people who love you, care for you, who need and care about you. And if they are not there, then life has been lived in vain and life experience will turn out to be a house of cards, because it, this mushroom, is false, and the road along which a person walked leads to disappointment and loneliness.

Arguments on the topic: "Friendship and enmity"

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"

The plot of A.S. Pushkin's story "Dubrovsky" is based on the enmity between old old friends - Kirila Petrovich Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich

Dubrovsky. They once served together. Dubrovsky was a proud, resolute, good conversationalist. For this, Troekurov appreciated him and even missed him when he did not see his friend for a long time.

Much brought the heroes together: age, similar fates - both were widowed early and had one child each. Even the neighbors were often jealous of their friendly relations. “Everyone envied the harmony that reigned between the arrogant Troekurov and his poor neighbor, and were surprised at the courage of this latter, when he directly expressed his opinion at the table with Kiril Petrovich, not caring whether it contradicted the opinions of the owner”

But was this friendship lasting? After all, it would seem that such a small misunderstanding led to enmity. Troekurov’s servant, one of the kennels, inadvertently insulted Dubrovsky when he was inspecting Troekurov’s kennel: “... it would not be bad for another and nobleman to exchange the estate for any local kennel. He would have been better fed and warmer.” Dubrovsky was much poorer than Troekurov, he was hurt by such humiliation.

It was enough just to apologize - and the conflict would have been settled. However, both landlords were stubborn. Nobody wanted to give in. And a lawsuit began, which lasted for a long time, more and more alienating former friends from each other. As a result - madness and death of Dubrovsky.

How easily friendship turned into a deadly enmity. Why did it happen? Most likely, there was no true friendship, there was only its appearance. True friendship will never be destroyed over trifles. The lordly arrogance of one, irascibility, unwillingness to give in to the other - this was enough for friendship to fall apart like a house of cards. Friendship is based on stronger relationships, the desire for mutual understanding. But that didn't happen between the characters.

N. V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

N.V. Gogol in the story "Taras Bulba" raises many important issues and topics. There is also the theme of fellowship.

Fellowship and friendship are two similar concepts. However, partnership includes, in addition to mutual understanding and support, the desire to be with a friend in difficult and happy moments, and also joint activities. Often this is a struggle for justice, a struggle with enemies. Partnership is a more voluminous concept that includes friendly relations.

The protagonist of the work, Taras Bulba, before the decisive battle, addresses his comrades-in-arms with a speech about partnership. He recalls the entire history of the country, when even in ancient times it was attacked by enemies. In difficult times, people shook hands with each other, were able to "be related by kinship by soul, and not by blood." A partnership began to form.

“There were comrades in other lands, but there were no such comrades as in the Russian land,” Bulba emphasizes.

He condemns those who adopt the "busurman" traditions", puts wealth in the foreground, can sell his own. The life of such people will be bitter, Taras believes. “And someday it will wake up, and it will hit, wretched, on the floor with its hands, grab itself by the head, loudly cursing its vile life, ready to atone for the shameful deed with torment.”

“Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land!”

Such a speech inspired his comrades, they boldly went to the enemy, many died, like Taras Bulba himself, his son Ostap, but remained faithful to the partnership to the end, did not betray their friends, fought with the enemies to the end.

Bitter is the fate of those who embarked on the path of betrayal. It was a shame that the son of Taras Andriy went over to the side of the enemy. Bulba kills him, a traitor to his comrades, to the Motherland, although it was very hard on his father's soul.

The work of N.V. Gogol is of great educational importance even today. It teaches how to be a person, what moral values ​​to prioritize in your life, how important it is to be able to make friends and remain a decent person in any situation.

I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"

Andrey Stolz and Ilya Oblomov are the two main characters of I.A. Goncharov's novel Oblomov. In many ways, they are different in character, and in views, and in actions. However, the heroes are drawn to each other, Stolz happily comes to Oblomov, and he meets him with no less pleasure.

Even in school goals, they spent a lot of time together, were inquisitive children, dreamed of an active and interesting life. “... they were connected by childhood and school - two strong springs, then Russian, kind, fat caresses, abundantly wasted in the Oblomov family on a German boy, then the role of the strong that Stoltz occupied under Oblomov both physically and morally ... "

Oblomov gradually faded away, desire and interest disappeared in him, and Stolz, on the contrary, moved forward, actively worked, strived for something.

No one was able to return Oblomov to an active life. Even such an active, energetic nature as Stolz could not do this. He wants to help his friend to the end: “You must live with us, close to us: Olga and I decided so, and so it will be.

What have you become? Come to your senses! Have you prepared yourself for this life, to sleep like a mole in a hole? You remember everything ... ". But Oblomov does not want to change anything in his life. Even friendship was not omnipotent if the person himself did not want to change.

In life, a person makes his own choice. It is impossible to hope that someone will radically change your life without your own efforts. Yes, friends help a person, support him. But still, it is the person himself who must take decisive action, move forward. Readers come to this conclusion after reading the novel.

A. M. Gorky "Childhood"

Alexey Peshkov - the main character of A. M. Gorky's story "Childhood" - was left without parents early. Life in the house of his grandfather Kashirin was difficult. "A strange life" here began to remind him of a "harsh tale", "well told by a kind, but painfully truthful genius." Constant hostility surrounded the boy in the house. "Grandfather's house is filled with a hot fog of mutual enmity of everyone with everyone." Relations between adults - Alyosha's uncles - and between their children were far from being related and friendly. The uncles were waiting for their share of the inheritance, they always quarreled, and the children did not lag behind them. Constant complaints, denunciations, the desire to hurt another, the pleasure experienced from the fact that someone feels bad - this is the situation in which the hero lived. There was no question of any friendship with cousins.

However, even here there were people to whom Alyosha was drawn. This is the blind-sighted master Grigory, whom the boy sincerely regrets, and the apprentice Tsyganok, to whom his grandfather prophesied a great future (Tsyganok died when he carried an unbearable cross to the grave of the boy’s grandfather’s wife), and the Good Deed, who taught him to read.

A true friend for Alyosha was his grandmother, Akulina Ivanovna, a kind, intelligent, cheerful woman, despite her hard life, despite the fact that she was always beaten by her husband. Her eyes burned with "an inextinguishable, cheerful and warm light." It was as if he had slept before her, “hidden in the dark,” and she woke him up, brought him into the light, immediately became a lifelong friend, the closest, most understandable and dearest person.

There was a lot of hostility around the boy. But a lot of kindness and understanding. It was friendly relations with people that did not allow his soul to harden. Alyosha became a kind, sensitive, compassionate person. Friendship can help a person in difficult times to preserve the best moral human qualities.

Everything starts from childhood. It is so important during this period that children are surrounded by kind, decent people, because in many respects it depends on them how the child will grow up. This conclusion leads the reader to this conclusion.

N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"

The work "Dead Souls" is still interesting and relevant. It is no coincidence that performances are staged on it, multi-part feature films are created. Philosophical, social, moral problems and themes are intertwined in the poem (this is the genre indicated by the author himself). The theme of victory and defeat also found its place in it.

The protagonist of the poem is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. He clearly followed the instructions of his father: “Take care and save a penny ... You will change everything in the world with a penny.” Since childhood, he began to save it, this penny, carried out more than one dark operation. In the city of NN, he decided on a grandiose and almost fantastic enterprise - to redeem the dead peasants according to the “Revision tales”, and then sell them as if they were alive.

To do this, it is necessary to be invisible and at the same time interesting to everyone with whom he communicated. And Chichikov succeeded in this: “... knew how to flatter everyone”, “entered sideways”, “sat obliquely”, “answered with a tilt of his head”, “put a carnation in his nose”, “brought a snuff-box, at the bottom of which there are violets”.

At the same time, he himself tried not to stand out very much (“not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin, one cannot say that he is old, but not so that he is too young”)

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov at the end of the work is a real winner. He managed to fraudulently amass a fortune and left with impunity. It seems that the hero clearly follows his goal, goes along the intended path. But what awaits this hero in the future, if he chose hoarding as the main goal of life? Is not the fate of Plyushkin prepared for him too, whose soul was completely at the mercy of money? Everything can be. But the fact that with each acquired "dead soul" he himself morally falls - this is undoubtedly. And this is defeat, because human feelings in him were suppressed by acquisitiveness, hypocrisy, lies, selfishness. And although N.V. Gogol emphasizes that people like Chichikov are “a terrible and vile force,” the future does not belong to them, yet they are not the masters of life. How actual the words of the writer addressed to the youth sound: “Take with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years in the harsh hardening courage, take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not raise them later!”

I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"

Victory over yourself, over your weaknesses and shortcomings. It is worth a lot if a person reaches the end, to the goal that he has set. Ilya Oblomov, the hero of the novel by I. A. Goncharov, is not like that. Sloth celebrates victory over his master. She sits so firmly in it that it seems that nothing can make the hero get up from his sofa, simply write a letter to his estate, find out how things are going there. And yet the hero tried to make an attempt to overcome himself, his unwillingness to do something in this life. Thanks to Olga, his love for her, he began to transform: he finally got up from the sofa, began to read, walked a lot, dreamed, talked with the heroine. However, he soon abandoned this idea. Outwardly, the hero himself justifies his behavior by the fact that he will not be able to give her what she deserves. But, most likely, these are just another excuse. Laziness clouded him again, returned him to his beloved sofa. ("... There is no rest in love, and it keeps moving somewhere forward, forward ...") not striving for anything. (Stolz's words: “It began with the inability to put on stockings and ended with the inability to live.”)

Oblomov discussed the meaning of life, understood that it was impossible to live like this, but did nothing to change everything: “When you don’t know what you live for, you live somehow, day after day; you rejoice that the day has passed, that the night has passed, and in a dream you will plunge into the boring question of why you lived this day, why you will live tomorrow.

Oblomov failed to defeat himself. However, the defeat did not upset him so much. At the end of the novel, we see the hero in a quiet family circle, he is loved, taken care of, as once in childhood. This is the ideal of his life, that's what he achieved. Also, however, having won a "victory", because his life has become what he wants to see it. But why is there always some kind of sadness in his eyes? Maybe for unfulfilled hopes?

E. Zamyatin "We"

The novel "We", written by E. Zamyatin, is a dystopia. By this, the author wanted to emphasize that the events depicted in it are not so fantastic, that something similar can happen under the emerging totalitarian regime, and most importantly, a person will completely lose his “I”, he will not even have a name - only a number.

These are the main characters of the work: he is D 503 and she is I-330

The hero has become a cog in a huge mechanism of the United State, in which everything is clearly regulated. He is completely subordinate to the laws of the state, where everyone is happy.

Another heroine of I-330, it was she who showed the hero the "unreasonable" world of wildlife, a world that is fenced off from the inhabitants of the state by the Green Wall.

There is a struggle between what is allowed and what is forbidden. How to proceed? The hero experiences feelings previously unknown to him. He follows his beloved. However, in the end, the system defeated him, the hero, part of this system, says: “I am sure that we will win. Because the mind must win." The hero is calm again, he, having undergone an operation, having regained calm, calmly looks at how his woman is dying under a gas bell.

And the heroine I-330, although she died, remained undefeated. She did everything she could for a life in which everyone decides for himself what to do, whom to love, how to live.

Victory and defeat. They are often so close in a person's path. And what choice a person makes - to victory or defeat - depends on him too, regardless of the society in which he lives. To become a united people, but to keep your "I" - this is one of the motives of the work of E. Zamyatin.

A word about Igor's regiment"

The protagonist of "Words ..." is Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky. This is a brave, brave warrior, a patriot of his country.

His cousin Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, in 1184 defeated the Polovtsy - the enemies of Russia, the nomads. Igor could not participate in the campaign. He decided to undertake a new campaign - in 1185. There was no need for it, the Polovtsy did not attack Russia after the victory of Svyatoslav. However, the desire for glory, selfishness led to the fact that Igor spoke out against the Polovtsy. Nature seemed to warn the hero about the failures that would haunt the prince - a solar eclipse occurred. But Igor was adamant.

Reason receded into the background. Feelings, moreover, of an egoistic nature, took possession of the prince. After the defeat and escape from captivity, Igor realized the mistake, realized it. That is why the author sings glory to the prince at the end of the work.

This is an example of the fact that a person endowed with power must always weigh everything, it is the mind, and not feelings, even if they are positive, that should determine the behavior of a person on which the lives of many people depend.

I. S. Turgenev "Asya"

25-year-old N.N. travels carelessly, however, without a goal and a plan, meets new people, and almost never visits sights. This is how I. Turgenev's story "Asya" begins. The hero will have to endure a difficult test - a test of love. This feeling arose in him for the girl Asya. It combined cheerfulness and eccentricity, openness and isolation. But the main thing is that she is different from the rest. Perhaps this is due to her former life: she lost her parents early, the 13-year-old girl was left in the arms of her older brother, Gagin., Asya realized that she really fell in love with N.N., and therefore led himself unusually: either closing himself, trying to retire, or wanting to draw attention to himself. Mind and feeling seem to be fighting in it, the inability to drown out the love for N.N.

Unfortunately, the hero turned out to be not as decisive as Asya, who confessed her love to him in a note. N.N. also experienced strong feelings for Asya: “I felt some kind of sweetness - it was sweetness in my heart: it was as if they poured me honey there.” But for too long he thought about the future with the heroine, postponing the decision for tomorrow. And there is no tomorrow for love. Asya and Gagin left, but the hero could not find a woman in his life with whom he would connect his fate. The memories of Asya were too strong, and only a note reminded of her. So the mind became the reason for the separation, and the feelings were not able to lead the hero to decisive actions.

“Happiness has no tomorrow, it has no yesterday, it does not remember the past, does not think about the future. He only has the present. - And it's not a day. And a moment. »

A. I. Kuprin "Olesya"

"Love knows no bounds." How often do we hear these words, and repeat them ourselves. However, in life, unfortunately, not everyone is able to overcome these boundaries.

How beautiful is the love of the village girl Olesya, who lives in the bosom of nature, far from civilization, and the intellectual, city dweller Ivan Timofeevich! The strong, sincere feeling of the heroes is tested: the hero must decide to marry a village girl, and even a sorceress, as she is called around, to connect life with a person who lives according to other laws, as if in another world. And the hero could not make a choice in time. Reason had held him too long. Even Olesya noticed insincerity in the character of the hero: ““ Your kindness is not good, not cordial. You are not master of your word. Love to take over people, but you yourself do not want to, but obey them.

And in the end - loneliness, because the beloved is forced to leave these places, to run away with Manuilikha from superstitious peasants. Beloved did not become her support and salvation.

The eternal struggle of reason and feelings in man. How often does it lead to tragedy. Save love without losing your head, understanding the responsibility for your loved one - this is not given to everyone. Ivan Timofeevich could not stand the test of love.

Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: "To err is human." Indeed, on the path of life we ​​are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what about other people's mistakes? Can they teach us something?

It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unambiguously. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back on which it is impossible to move forward. For example, the international rules of warfare, which prohibit brutal methods of hostilities, were developed and refined after the most bloody wars ... The rules of the road we are used to are also the result of road mistakes that claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which today saves thousands of people, became possible only thanks to the perseverance of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.

On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars, revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.

In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores other people's mistakes or takes them into account. Recall the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, not taking into account the sad experience of the French Revolution. It turns out that Eugene is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov is dying because "nihilism" is a road to nowhere.

But the protagonist of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save one’s life, one must learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly the prisoners who “go down” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despise, remarks to himself: “He won’t live his time. Doesn't know how to put himself. What allows Shukhov to draw such a bitter conclusion? Probably, observing the mistakes of other campers, like Fetyukov, who became "jackals".

It turns out that the ability to learn from the mistakes of others is not characteristic of everyone and not in all life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experience of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.

The material was prepared by the creator of the SAMARUS online school.

A person makes many mistakes throughout his life, sometimes without noticing it himself. But by reflecting, we turn them into experience, albeit sometimes bitter. Yes, the tuition fee is too high, but one cannot bargain with life, it does not accept everyday petty-bourgeois calculations. We all make mistakes, and this is natural and inevitable. It must be understood that human nature is not ideal, and experience is indeed the best teacher and helps to correct it.

Many writers have also thought about this topic. For example, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in the novel "Crime and Punishment" touched upon the problem of experience and mistakes. The protagonist of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, having killed the old pawnbroker and her pregnant sister, is much more aware that he made the biggest mistake of his whole life. He understands how wrong his beliefs, his theory, were. Rodion confesses to his deed, realizing at the same time that he is the most ordinary person, and not the arbiter of fate or a louse. At the same time, he receives invaluable life experience, the price for which turned out to be so high. The author does not directly state whether Raskolnikov repented, but an astute reader sees a bible in a prisoner sentenced to hard labor. This means that the hero turned to God and abandoned theories that could be harmful in practice.

Another example can be given. Also, an irreparable mistake was made by Nastya, the main character of the story by K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The girl left her elderly mother all alone. Katerina Ivanovna was very lonely and ill. For three years the daughter did not visit the poor old woman. Of course, Nastya loved her mother very much, but the work did not let her go. Therefore, Ekaterina Petrovna tried once again not to disturb Nastya, sending her letters very rarely. But the vitality left her and age took its toll. I don’t even know what served this more: old age or longing for my only daughter? Then the elderly woman wrote a letter to her, feeling that she would not survive the winter. But the daughter was too busy. When Nastya received a letter from her neighbor that Katerina Petrovna was dying, she realized that she had no one else in her life. And at the same moment he leaves for the station. But having arrived in the village, Nastya realizes that it is already too late. Katerina Petrovna never saw her only loved one before her death. Nastya did not have the relevant experience. She apparently never lost a loved one until now. How could she, young and full of strength, know that her mother's life is so fleeting. All she has left is a longing for the dearest person and an endless sense of guilt in front of him. All these complex emotions formed the basis of her life experience. She will not make such a mistake again and will save her relatives, giving due work, but not forgetting about the family - the only real value of a person.

Sometimes a person needs to go through many trials, make many mistakes in order to gain experience that will allow him to cleanse himself and become better, smarter and kinder. It is no coincidence that mature people give preference not to a career, but to family values, not to appearance, but to essence, not to ambitions, but to dreams, moreover, the dreams of close and dear people.

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Often in his life a person makes moral mistakes: in choosing

life partner, in the choice of profession, in relations between relatives and friends.

But, having made a mistake, having experienced the bitterness of failure, he tries never to do so.

the same as before. However, there are those who do not admit their mistakes, do not understand them.

immoral nature and repeats wrong actions over and over again. But

can a person draw conclusions based not on their own experience? I think,

Yes. And the folk wisdom "A person learns from the mistakes of others" says the same thing.

To extract some life experience for yourself and learn from others

mistakes, a person must see and understand exactly where the other has committed

blunder, chose the wrong one from all possible solutions. You have to be able to see what

it all led to the future. Only then can everyone make the right

conclusions for themselves and in a similar, similar situation to act differently.

For example, in the story "Night of Healing" by Boris Ekimov, the boy Grisha

suddenly realizes that his mother is making a mistake, that her way

shout: "Shut up!" - does not help grandmother get rid of old, still military

experiences. Therefore, he decides to try something else - not with a cry, but with an affectionate one,

calm the grandmother with a quiet conversation, dispel her old, already sunk into

time of tragedy. He does not know if this will help Baba Duna, but his kind

he understands in his heart that it is cruel to follow his mother's path. And most importantly, the words

mothers did not heal Baba Dunya, did not alleviate her suffering. And that means it

wrong path.

The second argument to this thesis, I think, can be

moral outcome of Astafiev's story "Belogrudka". When the boys

intervened in the life of the marten, taking away her cubs and killing them, Belogrudka, as

a loving mother, decided to cruelly take revenge on the villagers for her children. She is

caused great damage to the village. Many years have passed since that incident, but the inhabitants

still remember the harsh lesson: you can not touch the cubs of birds and animals,

you can not interfere with the life of nature. They realized the mistake they made

their predecessors, saw what all this led to and remembered forever that

under no circumstances should this be done.

If in life we ​​learn not only from our own, but also from other people's mistakes,

but at the same time live only with your own mind, and not rely on the mind of others, everything

Since the 2014-2015 academic year, the final graduation essay has been included in the program of the state final attestation of schoolchildren. This format differs significantly from the classic exam. The work is non-subjective in nature, while relying on the knowledge of the graduate in the field of literature. The essay aims to identify the ability of the examinee to reason on a given topic and argue his point of view. Mainly, the final essay allows you to assess the level of speech culture of the graduate. Five topics from a closed list are offered for the examination paper.

1. Introduction
2. Main body - thesis and arguments
3. Conclusion - Conclusion

The final essay of 2016 assumes a volume of 350 words or more.

The time allotted for the examination work is 3 hours 55 minutes.

Themes of the final essay

The questions proposed for consideration are usually addressed to the inner world of a person, personal relationships, psychological characteristics and concepts of universal morality. So, the topics of the final essay of the 2016-2017 academic year include the following areas:

1. "Experience and Mistakes"

Here are the concepts that the examinee will have to reveal in the process of reasoning, referring to examples from the world of literature. In the final essay of 2016, the graduate must identify the relationship between these categories based on analysis, building logical relationships and applying the knowledge of literary works.

One such topic is "Experience and Mistakes".

As a rule, works from the course of the school curriculum in literature are a large gallery of different images and characters that can be used to write a final essay on the topic “Experience and Mistakes”.

• A.S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin"
• Roman M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
• The novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
• Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
• F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"
• The story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet"

Arguments for the final essay 2016 "Experience and mistakes"

• "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin

The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" clearly demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person's life, which can lead to serious consequences. So, the main character - Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins' house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. Friends met in a deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not such an agile shooter as Eugene. Misbehavior and a sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the life of the hero. Also here it is worth referring to the love story of Eugene and Tatyana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he realizes what a fatal mistake he made.

• "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky

The central question for the hero of the work F . M. Dostoevsky becomes a desire to understand his ability to act, to decide the fate of people, neglecting the norms of universal morality - “I am a trembling creature, or do I have the right?” Rodion Raskolnikov commits a crime by killing an old pawnbroker, and later realizes the gravity of the act committed. The manifestation of cruelty and inhumanity, a huge mistake that entailed the suffering of Rodion, became a lesson for him. Subsequently, the hero takes the true path, thanks to the spiritual purity and compassion of Sonechka Marmeladova. The perfect crime remains for him a bitter experience for life.

• "Fathers and Sons" by I.S. Turgenev

Essay example

On his life path, a person has to make a large number of vital decisions, choose how to act in a given situation. In the process of experiencing various events, a person acquires life experience, which becomes his spiritual baggage, helping in later life and interaction with people and society. However, we often find ourselves in difficult, contradictory conditions when we cannot guarantee the correctness of our decision and be sure that what we consider right now will not become a big mistake for us.

An example of the impact on a person's life of his actions can be seen in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The work demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person's life, which can lead to serious consequences. So, the main character - Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins' house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. Friends met in a deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not such an agile shooter as Eugene. Misbehavior and a sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the life of the hero. Also here it is worth referring to the love story of Eugene and Tatyana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he realizes what a fatal mistake he made.

It is also worth referring to the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, which reveals the problem of an error in the steadfastness of views and beliefs, which can lead to disastrous consequences.

In the work of I.S. Turgenev Evgeny Bazarov is a progressive-minded young man, a nihilist who denies the value of the experience of previous generations. He says that he does not believe in feelings at all: "Love is rubbish, unforgivable nonsense." The hero meets Anna Odintsova, with whom he falls in love and is afraid to admit it even to himself, because this would mean a contradiction to his own convictions of universal denial. However, later he falls mortally ill, without admitting it to his relatives and friends. Being seriously ill, he finally realizes that he loves Anna. Only at the end of his life, Eugene realizes how much he was mistaken in his attitude to love and a nihilistic worldview.

Thus, it is worth talking about how important it is to correctly evaluate your thoughts and actions, analyzing actions that can lead to a big mistake. A person is constantly in development, improving his way of thinking and behavior, and therefore he must act deliberately, relying on life experience.

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