THE PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS

1. In the novel by L.N. Tostoy's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and does not have a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." Five young girls who opposed German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. Anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and endurance, showed themselves to be true patriots.

THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS

1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel of the same name by Charlotte Brontë. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person she loved most when he went blind.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures the severity of her father. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often unnecessarily demanding of her. Mary's love is sincere, pure, bright.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev, the most important life principle was honor. Even before the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Aleksey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed a betrayal and lost his own dignity when he went over to the camp of an impostor.

2. The problem of preserving honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the protagonist are completely different. Ostap is an honest and courageous person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic nature. For the love of a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, one should always remain honest, first of all, with oneself.

THE PROBLEM OF LOYAL LOVE

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she "asks for mercy" from the Empress. Thus, at the heart of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.

2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own, helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites white-washed chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. In this, a woman sees her destiny.

THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows a long way to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of "permission of blood in conscience", the protagonist despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.

THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD

1. In the story of I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco", the American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.

2. In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in the family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character abandons social life, devotes herself entirely to the family. Natasha Rostova found her destiny in this world and became truly happy.

THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY IllITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH

1. In "Letters about the good and the beautiful" D.S. Likhachev claims that a book educates a person better than any work. A well-known scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person, to form her inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach to think, make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to mankind after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply soulless, since there is no literature that can make people analyze, think, make decisions.

CHILD EDUCATION PROBLEM

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov's apathy and lack of will in adulthood.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the Rostov family reigns the spirit of mutual understanding, fidelity, love. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness, nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..." Smolensk doctor Janson is working tirelessly. The protagonist in any weather hurries to help the sick. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to win the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.

2.

THE PROBLEM OF SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR

1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet ...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.

2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers was different. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.

THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A MAN IN LOVE

1. In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to go out with weapons against his yesterday's comrades. For Andrii, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, like the main character P. Zyuskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer". Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a fragrance that inspires people to love. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to carry out his meta.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL

1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and informed the head of everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to collect information proving Nikolai Antonovich's guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov's expedition. All the actions of Chamomile are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.

2. Even deeper consequences are entailed by the act of the hero of the story V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also causes the suicide of his wife Nastya.

THE PROBLEM OF DECEPTIONAL APPEARANCE

1. In Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, does not have a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.

2. In Victor Hugo's Notre Dame Cathedral, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the protagonist is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrey Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went to reconnaissance, never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after a while, Guskov thought about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and caused the suicide of his wife Nastya. Pangs of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve "great Germany". His comrade Sotnikov, on the other hand, is an example of resilience. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during the torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE HOMELAND ON CREATIVITY

1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story "Awakened by Nightingales" writes about the difficult boy Selyuzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night, the protagonist heard the trill of a nightingale. Beautiful sounds struck the child, aroused interest in creativity. Selyuzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul, helps to reveal the creative potential.

2. Love for the native land is the main motive of the painter A.G. Venetsianov. His brush belongs to a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. "Reapers", "Zakharka", "Sleeping Shepherd" - these are my favorite canvases of the artist. The life of ordinary people, the beauty of Russia's nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers for more than two centuries with their freshness and sincerity.

THE PROBLEM OF INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care caused Oblomov's apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his way of life remained unchanged, because the way of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life of Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem "My Way" S.A. Yesenin admitted that childhood played an important role in his work. Once at the age of nine, inspired by the nature of his native village, the boy wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A LIFE PATH

1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize their potential.

2. From M. Mirsky's book "Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko" I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at the seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Entering the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev, in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful," argues that "one must live life with dignity, so as not to be ashamed to remember." With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and not indifferent person.

THE PROBLEM OF DOG DEFOY

1. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish Setter. Beam the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who is having a heart attack. Along the way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog was killed. Bim can certainly be called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.

2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family has to give up their collie to other people due to financial hardship. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her away from her home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with the former owners.

THE PROBLEM OF SKILLS IN ART

1. In the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, with his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is surprisingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.

THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS

1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.

2. The theme of the writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel "Martin Eden". The protagonist is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MENTAL STATE OF A HUMAN

1. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual purification to the sounds of Beethoven's sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after her trials. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance, find the meaning of her future life.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" evoke feelings in his soul that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which seemed to rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat."

THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son had to leave for a long time to work. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because for her nothing could be harder than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WAR ART WORKS ON HUMANS

1. In Lev Kassil's story "The Great Confrontation", Sima Krupitsyna listened every morning to news reports from the front on the radio. Once the girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to a feat.

THE PROBLEM OF PSEUSIC SCIENCE

1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes", Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician launches a struggle against genetic scientists. A number of vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the most dishonest deeds in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the cessation of important research.

2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story "Candidate of Sciences" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and consequently, of society as a whole. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky emphasizes the need to combat pseudoscientists.

THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Station Master" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. From anguish and hopelessness, the caretaker died. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father's grave. The girl felt guilty for the caretaker's death, but repentance came too late.

2. In the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna foresaw her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So K.G. Paustovsky claims that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.

THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY

1. V.G. Rasputin in the essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions of the trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Russia.

2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade-in-arms Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina's son Albert returned to the site of the death of anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.

THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE WAY OF A GIFTED PERSON

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying..." Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of disinterestedness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor hurried to help the sick every day in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor won the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.

2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" tells the story of the life of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and excite the hearts of people.

THE PROBLEM OF THE DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

1. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy, became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" shows the life path of a soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombardment. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.

THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE INTERNAL WORLD OF HUMAN

1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, diligence, determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who succumb to feelings, but is convinced of the wrongness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are inherently contradictory.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested in real life, it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by sincerity, sincerity, and the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov's character.

THE PROBLEM OF FAIR ATTITUDE TO PEOPLE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich investigates the murder of an old pawnbroker. The investigator is a fine connoisseur of human psychology. He understands the motives for the crime of Rodion Raskolnikov and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to turn himself in. This will later serve as a mitigating circumstance in the Raskolnikov case.

2. A.P. Chekhov in the story "Chameleon" introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out because of a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov tries to decide if she deserves to be punished. Ochumelov's verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The overseer does not seek justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.

THE PROBLEM OF INTERRELATION OF MAN AND NATURE

1. In the story of V.P. Astafieva "Tsar-fish" Ignatich has been poaching for many years. Once a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on a hook. Ignatich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself was overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: "The king of the rivers and the king of all nature are in the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inseparable connection between man and nature.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels herself an integral part of the world around her, knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which, it seemed, all rose from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat." Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.

2. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing in military campaigns, in the field, at weddings. The Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don, the steppes.

THE PROBLEM OF BOOKS SUPPOSED BY TV

1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society based on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was supplanted by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”, D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because the TV distracts from worries, makes you slowly watch some program. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to humans, because television “dictates how to watch and what to watch”, makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE

1. The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous, unspiritual. Only Matryona retained a sense of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.

2. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which should be flooded. It is hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they have spent their entire lives, where their ancestors are buried. The end of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which for centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY

1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem "The Poet and the Crowd" calls that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity "dumb mob". According to the crowd, the poems are in the public interest. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the main goal of the poet is not popular recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "Out loud" sees the poet's mission in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be abandoned for the sake of a common great goal.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF A TEACHER ON STUDENTS

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna - a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lidia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. In addition to studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and compassion.

2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince", the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, telling about love, friendship, responsibility, loyalty. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only the heart is vigilant.” So Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO ORPHAN CHILDREN

1. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all the remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life's difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.

2. The story of G. Belykh and L. Panteleev "The Republic of ShKID" depicts the life of students of the school of social and labor education for homeless children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and went on the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should treat orphans with attention, create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF A WOMAN IN WWII

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five young anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to oppose the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, along with men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.

2. In the story of V.A. Zakrutkina "The Mother of Man" shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her whole family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria left seven Leningrad orphans, replaced their mother. The story of V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.

THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” ironically writes about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings clogs the Russian language.

2. V. Astafiev in the story "Lyudochka" connects changes in the language with a drop in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is littered with criminal jargon, which reflects the troubles of society, its degradation.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right life path and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.

2. In E. Grishkovets's story "Darwin", the protagonist, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do all his life. He realizes the "uselessness of what is happening" and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture when he watches a play played by students. A young man lives with a firm conviction that the profession should be useful, bring pleasure.

• The betrayal of the motherland is shameful and does not know forgiveness
• A traitor is a cowardly person who adapts to the current situation by concessions.
• A man who left an innocent girl who loves him to the point of madness can be called a traitor
• You can betray not a person, but your own beliefs and moral principles
• Betrayal of one's country is a serious crime
• A man who betrays himself cannot be happy

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Aleksey Shvabrin, one of the defenders of the Belogorsk fortress, turns out to be a coward and a traitor. At the first opportunity, he goes over to the side of the impostor Pugachev in order to save his life. Shvabrin is ready to kill those whom until recently he could have considered friends and allies. Peter Grinev, a man of honor with unshakable moral principles, is completely opposite to him. Even under the threat of death, he does not agree to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev, because he is faithful to his Motherland and military duty. Difficult life circumstances allow us to see the main character traits of the characters: Shvabrin turns out to be a traitor, and Pyotr Grinev remains faithful to his country.

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The love of Taras Bulba and other Cossacks for their native land deserves respect. Warriors are ready to give their lives defending their homeland. Betrayal in the ranks of the Cossacks is unacceptable. Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, turns out to be a traitor: he goes over to the side of the enemy, because love for a Pole is higher for him than love for his father and his native country. Taras Bulba kills Andriy, despite the fact that this is still his son. For Taras, loyalty to the Motherland is much more important than love for his son, he cannot survive and forgive betrayal.

N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa". Love for Erast becomes tragic for Lisa. At first, the young man sees his future in Lisa, but after the girl gives herself to him, the feelings begin to cool down. Erast loses money in cards. He has no choice but to marry a rich widow. Erast betrays Liza: he tells her that he is leaving for the war. And when the deception is revealed, he tries to pay off money from the unfortunate girl. Lisa cannot stand the betrayal of Erast. She thinks she'd be better off dead and throws herself into the pond. The traitor will be punished: forever he will reproach himself for the death of Lisa.

M. Sholokhov “The fate of man”. The traitor Kryzhnev, in order to save his own life, is ready to hand over his colleagues to the Germans. He says that “his own shirt is closer to his body”, which means that you can sacrifice the lives of others for the sake of your well-being. Andrei Sokolov decides to strangle the traitor and thereby save several lives. The hero fulfills his military duty without feeling shame and pity, because the traitor Kryzhnev deserves such a shameful death. Treachery is always unacceptable, but in times of war it is a terrible crime.

George Orwell "Animal Farm". Horse Fighter worked hard for the benefit of the Animal Farm with all his might, with each failure promising to "work even harder." It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to the life of the farm. However, when the misfortune happened, Napoleon, the head of the Animal Farm, simply decided to put him on the meat, telling all the animals that he was sending the Fighter for treatment. This is a real betrayal: Napoleon turned away from the one who was so devoted to him, who did everything for the Animal Farm.

George Orwell "1984". Julia and Winston realize that they are thought criminals, which means they can be caught at any moment. Winston says that if they are discovered, it will be a betrayal to lose their feelings, and not to admit to what they have done. As a result, they are caught, but not killed or judged, but forced to learn to think differently. Winston betrays Julia: when they bring him a cage with rats, where they want to put his face, the hero asks to give Julia to the rats. This is a real betrayal, because if a person says something, he wants it. Winston really wanted Julia to take his place. She later confesses that she also betrayed Winston. It is difficult to judge the heroes, because it is impossible to imagine what they had to endure before they went to betrayal.

A. S. Pushkin. Historical novel "The Captain's Daughter". Shvabrin is a dishonorable person. He went over to Pugachev's side to save his life. Wanting to marry Masha at all costs, Shvabrin imprisoned the girl in a closet and did not give her food and water until she agreed to his terms.

Vasil Bykov "Sotnikov". Rybak, one of the heroes of the work, acted meanly towards his comrade Sotnikov. He not only betrayed his friend by going over to the side of the policemen, but also killed Sotnikov, taking a chair from under him at the gallows. For him, "there was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - then."

Victor Hugo "Les Misérables". The couple of tavernkeepers Thenardier is a real example of meanness and dishonor. The cruel inhuman treatment of the little Cosette entrusted to them, who, from the age of 4, was forced to do all the menial work in the household, and if the child was disobedient or sluggish, they were simply beaten.

The poor child, barely getting out of the cradle, was already getting up early to carry out the tasks of the mistress of the house, barefoot and half-dressed even in winter, the baby went to the dark forest with a huge bucket for water and just try not to return on time! The poor child had no right to play, and even if there was a free minute, all the toys that the little girl had were a couple of old pewter spoons. With an inhuman deceit, Thenardier pulled money from Cosette's poor mother, supposedly for the treatment of the girl, pushing the poor woman into the very abyss.

Shameless begging and deceiving good people with false letters, where Thenardier pretended to be different people, just to beg for at least a couple of francs. And how much evil and meanness caused Thenardier Jean Valjean - what is worth only an ambush in his home with a bandit gang, when he brought him the promised money

V. Zheleznikov. The story "Scarecrow". Dima Somov is one of the best students in the class, he is an activist, a leader and enjoys authority among his classmates. The boy strives to be the best in everything, always to be the first and the most courageous. When a new student, Lenochka Bessoltseva, a clumsy and timid, funny girl, comes to the class, Dima stands up for her in front of the mocking guys and becomes her friend. But when the real moment came to show courage, decency and fortitude, Dima not only chickened out, but also committed real meanness and behaved like the last coward and traitor. Being guilty himself, he not only allowed the cruel persecution of his friend Lena, who, out of kindness and sincere friendship towards him, took the blame on herself, but he himself took part in them, frightened by the boycott of the guys. Dima committed a cruel and vile act, like the last coward and scoundrel. Also a good example of meanness is another student, Shmakova, who from the very beginning knew who was to blame for everything and that Lena was offended undeservedly. She, along with the guys, chased Lenka, but did not give Dima away, because she was interested to see what would happen next, and also because she believed that she could make Dima "her slave" in this way.

What ? Friendship is a relationship between people built on trust and devotion. This is one of the eternal values ​​of people, which is based on understanding and readiness to always help. People of different character are friends, but they should be united by the same life values. Mandatory signs of friendship, in my opinion, are reciprocity, trust and patience. This is how I understand the word "friendship", but in reality everything is not so smooth.

For example, in V. Zheleznikov's text, Lenka is betrayed by her friend. And such cases in people's lives are not uncommon. But not all people are able to survive this, although those who still cope with the situation will forever remember bitterness and resentment. The "wind of the past" will "whip" them "in the face". Lenka turned out to be a strong person, able to rise after such an insult and humiliation, able to remain a merciful and devoted friend.

Betrayal unfortunately not uncommon in our world. Perhaps people are simply not always able to step over their vices and understand what friendship is. I knew people who forgave betrayal and were able to continue their friendship with the person who betrayed their trust. But I know from personal experience that it is not easy to forgive and that even if you continue to communicate now, loneliness and, perhaps, even mistrust will always reign in the soul of a devoted person. It is very difficult to return to the old relationship after such a thing. But I think that friendship, real friendship, will someday give a devoted person a chance to feel the fullness and integrity of his soul again.

Thus, I think that friendship is a very complex relationship that not everyone is capable of. (237 words)

Krakuleva Margarita, student of S.N. Mishchenko.

Essay-reasoning 15.3 on the OGE betrayal | October 2015

An essay about betrayal

What is betrayal? Betrayal is a violation of loyalty to someone or failure to fulfill a duty to something. Betrayal always has a price. A person is aware of what benefit he receives by doing or not doing this or that action. But more often than not, the benefits of betrayal are much lower than the values, ideals, and beliefs that betray.

What did Seryozhka Leontiev want to get by betraying his friend? Universal recognition? Fame? In any case, having got any of this, he loses the trust of one of the closest people, he loses the trust of his best friend. The act committed by Seryozhka so greatly injures the soul of the main character of the text that the usual and everyday phrase “so-and-so says hello to you” puts him into a stupor. The protagonist, although trying to justify his former friend, but deep in his soul he understands that this was a real betrayal on his part. Mental wounds still bleed and are in no hurry to heal.

Betrayal is betrayal. This is where we see the author's position. Although Seryozha saves his friend on a fishing trip, his subsequent actions destroy his image of a hero. He is doing a low deed.

You can betray your own combat regiment, even the Fatherland, as Aleksey Shvabrin did from A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”. When Shvabrin realizes that the siege of the fortress cannot be held, he abandons his comrades and goes over to the side of Pugachev. He also betrays his beloved girl, who refused him intimacy, and his friend, Peter Grinev. This is quite enough to be tormented by pangs of conscience for the rest of your life. But the fact is that such a petty traitor as Shvabrin is fully aware of the vileness of his vile deeds.

Betrayal can be seen in M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man”. Kryzhnev is ready to betray his friends for the sake of his life. “Your shirt is closer to your body,” he says. He is opposed by Andrey Sokolov, a true soldier, ready to give his own life for his comrades and his Motherland. He kills this pathetic traitor, thereby preventing the extradition of their squad leader. After that, Sokolov does not even feel pity, but only disgust: "... as if he was strangling not a person, but some creeping reptile ...".

Betrayal is the lowest act of mankind. He hits the hardest. Therefore, never dare to break the oath of allegiance given to loved ones, no matter what it costs you. After all, fame, wealth, success will not bring you the true, which you can experience with your loved one ..

Betrayal... Perhaps the worst thing that can happen in. Betrayal is almost like death. The death of trust and intimacy. Betrayal is like a deliberate humiliation of a loved one.

What exactly is betrayal? After all, we all sometimes deceive loved ones, but usually this is not a betrayal, but just an attempt not to offend or unwillingness to quarrel. In my opinion, betrayal is the deliberate deception of a person's expectations about you. For example, you convince someone who considers you a friend that you will definitely go to the hospital with him, because he is very worried, but already at that moment you know that you will not go anywhere and you will not even warn him. That is, betrayal is a conscious lie that a person can count on you.

So in everything - in friendship, love, at work - in any relationship between people. Sooner or later, betrayal becomes known, and the person will be very hurt, because he will know that for a long time he was treated insincerely.

Why do people betray? There seem to be two main reasons for this. The first is that a person does not care that another will be hurt. And the second - he does not have the courage to say directly that he no longer loves or does not want to communicate just because he is afraid to hurt an indifferent person with whom he does not want to continue the relationship.

They say that the worst thing is when a person betrays himself, his views and desires. By this, he puts his true needs below those that are imposed on him from the outside. By giving up yourself, you can get money, fame or something else, but if this is not really what you want, what is the point of them?

Traitors have lived at all times. Often there were people who, for their own benefit, opened the gates of their native city to enemies. However, I am sure that happiness cannot be built on someone else's misfortune, and all bad things return to the person who did evil. Yes, I believe that betrayal is an evil committed by a weak person who does not know how to achieve his own in a worthy way.

I don't believe that one can betray "accidentally" just by doing something without thinking about the consequences. If it happened this way, then it can be called stupidity, mistake, frivolity and, most likely, forgive.

It is always difficult to judge such a concept as betrayal. Perhaps people have excuses, but the heartache of the one who was betrayed will always live in his heart. No one is saying that life is simple. I hope that honesty and sincerity in relationships between people, morality and just compassion for each other is a sure way to avoid betrayal .

Composition on the theme of betrayal | October 2015

An essay about The Problem of Betrayal

Did Seryozha Leontiev save his friend or betrayed him? It is on this question that M. G. Khudyakov makes his readers think.

The author tells a specific case from life. Two friends went fishing, one accidentally injured himself. The boy decided that he could die from this, in connection with which, he told Seryozhka Leontiev, at the time of his help, about his secret love for a classmate. According to the author, Seryozha seemed to be dragging his wounded comrade from the battlefield, a truly heroic deed, but as it became known, S. Leontiev turned out to be a traitor, telling all his classmates the secret of his friend.

The author's position is clear. Betrayal is the worst human quality. Mental wounds are much more painful than physical ones. In connection with the treacherous act of Serezha Leontiev towards his friend, the boy's heroism remained in the shadows.

Speaking of vile and dishonest people, I remember the hero of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Shvabrin Alexei Ivanovich. This is a man who has completely lost any idea of ​​honor. Nothing is worth betraying for him. At that moment, when the Belogorsk fortress passes under the possession of E. Pugachev, A. Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels.

Thus, M. Khudyakov raised an actual problem in his text. As long as people live, such a quality as betrayal will live. Each person decides for himself: to maintain his dignity or to become a traitor for his own benefit.

The problem of betrayal By MG Khudyakov | October 2015

Essay-reasoning on the topic betrayal, betrayal

Betrayal. Is there forgiveness for this act? And generally speaking, what it is?

Vasily Mikhailovich Nadyrshin is a modern writer, publicist, author of the text “about the new boy”, which tells about negative actions. One of which is betrayal by a classmate.

The text depicts two main problems: Betrayal and self-affirmation of the individual in the team. They can be combined into one, because often betrayal occurs for self-affirmation.

A typical situation: a new boy appears in a school that is unfamiliar to him, and in order for a company of classmates to accept him, he must go through a “registration permit” - “beating is not serious ... such a tradition.” Miraculously dodging the fight, the hero leaves. All hope remains on our newcomer's desk mate, who should take him out of the house. Inviting him to visit him, under the pretext that his brother is sick, the hero agrees. But when he goes outside, he sees a group of classmates who were in cahoots with his "friend"...

According to the author, it is impossible to justify human betrayal. With the help of betrayal, one cannot achieve respect in a good company, in the end it will lead to self-destruction of the individual. real respect is caused by an independent act of a person, and not by the fulfilled demand of the majority.

With V.M. Nadyrshin I absolutely agree. Betrayal is unforgivable. Before you do something, you need to think about the consequences. And betrayal is an act that has no justification.

The problem of self-affirmation of personality and betrayal is presented in many Russian works.

The famous story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin - one of the negative characters, an officer, appears before us as a traitor. In order to save himself from death, he breaks his loyalty to the oath and goes over to the side of the enemy. This is a very thoughtful move.

Also the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". betrayal by the youngest son of Taras - Andrey. He falls in love with the daughter of a Polish military leader. The father cannot stand the fact that his son betrays the Motherland, and kills him with the words: “I gave birth to you, I will kill you!”

what is betrayal essay | October 2015

The text of Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov proposed for analysis is devoted to the problem of betrayal.

The author considers this problem on the example of a case from the life of one boy who was completely confident in his friend, trusting him. Seryozha Leontiev acted heroically, saving his comrade, but after that he betrayed his friend, who was doomed to loneliness and isolation.

In order to draw the reader's attention to the problem, the author describes a surviving boy who for many years pondered the question: > The problem of betrayal is the eternal problem of society. People sometimes do not see the line between love and hate, stepping on the path of betrayal.

The author seeks to convey to the reader the idea that sometimes people betray each other, forgetting about moral principles. Mikhail Georgievich urges the reader to the fact that without the consent of a person it is impossible to reveal his secrets and secrets that he entrusted to you, relying on your honesty and decency.

The problem raised by the author was also raised in the works of Russian writers and poets. Consider it on the example of the story by N.V. Gogol, when Andriy, the son of Taras, being captured by love feelings, betrays his father, brother and homeland. He forgets that he took the side of the worst enemy of all the Cossacks. The result of this thoughtless act is the murder of a negligent son, which Bulba commits, unable to cope with a sense of shame in front of his people. This fact proves that betrayal is not forgiven even to the closest people, that a person who once was able to step over moral principles does not deserve a condescending attitude.

Often you have to deal with the fact that people betray each other. Betrayal by children towards their parents is no exception to this. The current generation sometimes forget that the people who gave them life need their help and support. Young people, tired on working days, do not think that their mother is waiting for a call, that she worries about her child and sincerely regrets that she cannot be with him. Sometimes children stop caring for their elderly parents, giving them to nursing homes, completely missing the fact that they remain indebted to them for their upbringing. This proves that even a person close and dear to you is able to betray you, forgetting about all moral and ethical principles.

Thus, M.G. Khudyakov conveys to the reader the idea that it is always difficult to judge such a concept as betrayal. Perhaps people have excuses, but the heartache of the one who was betrayed will always live in his heart. I hope that honesty and sincerity in relations between people, morality and just compassion for each other is a sure way to avoid betrayal.