The beginning of the 70s was literally illuminated by the light of "Zor". The people were reading the novel by Boris Vasiliev, “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” published in 1969 in the journal Yunost. Two years later, readers were already breaking into the famous performance of "Taganka". And 45 years ago, a two-part film by Stanislav Rostotsky was released on the screens, which was watched by 66 million in the first year - every fourth inhabitant of the USSR, if we count infants. Despite subsequent film adaptations, the viewer gives an unconditional palm to this, mostly black-and-white, picture and generally considers it one of the best films about the war.
From the heroes of yesteryear

In those years, the war was often filmed, and filmed superbly. A film about five dead girls and their rude, but such a sincere foreman managed to stand out from this constellation. Probably because former front-line soldiers gave him their memories, soul, experience, starting with the author of the script, writer Boris Vasiliev.

He knew how to write about the war especially. His characters were never perfect. Vasiliev, as it were, was saying to the young reader: look, the same people as you went to the front - those who ran away from lessons, fought, fell in love at random. But something in them turned out to be like that, which means there is something in you.

The film director Stanislav Rostotsky also passed the front. Vasiliev's story interested Stanislav Iosifovich precisely because he wanted to make a movie about a woman in the war. He himself was carried out of the battle by nurse Anya Chegunova, who later became Beketova. Rostotsky found a savior who, as it turned out, reached Berlin, then got married and gave birth to beautiful children. But by the time the shooting was over, Anna was already blind and fading away from brain cancer. The director brought her to the studio screening room and recounted the whole picture in detail what was happening on the screen.

The chief cameraman Vyacheslav Shumsky, the chief artist Sergei Serebrennikov, the make-up artist Alexei Smirnov, the costume designer's assistant Valentina Galkina, and the film's director Grigory Rimalis fought. They simply physically could not allow untruths to appear on the screen.
Sergeant Major Vaskov: Andrey Martynov

The difficult task was to find actors - such that they would be believed. Rostotsky conceived: let someone famous play the foreman, and girls, on the contrary, debutantes. He chose Vyacheslav Tikhonov for the role of foreman Vaskov, and Boris Vasiliev believed that front-line soldier Georgy Yumatov would do the best. But it so happened that the search for "Vaskov" continued. The assistant saw the 26-year-old actor at the graduation performance.

Andrei Leonidovich was born in Ivanovo, from childhood he raved about the theater. And his hero was not only six years older, but also from the village, had a “corridor education”, he dropped his words - like he gave him a ruble.

The first tests were very unsuccessful, but, apparently, Rostotsky was very attracted to the type of actor and his perseverance. In the end, Martynov played Vaskov, so much so that the viewer unconditionally fell in love with this ridiculous foreman after his on-screen fighters. Martynov superbly conducted the final scenes of the film, where he, already gray-haired, one-armed, together with his adopted son, sets up a modest tombstone in honor of his girls.

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The actor had another starring role - in the television series "Eternal Call". Martynov successfully worked in film and theater. He has voiced over 120 foreign films, including The Godfather and Schindler's List.

Life gave him a kind of surprise: his wife was a German citizen, whom he met at the festival. Franziska Thun spoke excellent Russian. The couple had a son, Sasha. But Andrei did not want to live in Germany, although at home his colleagues literally pecked him for marrying a foreigner. And Francis did not want to move to the USSR. Their union eventually fell apart.

Rita Osyanina - Irina Shevchuk

Rita is the only heroine who was married and became a widow in the very first days of the war. In the rear, she had a small child with her mother, who was later adopted by Vaskov.

The painful personal drama of her heroine Shevchuk was helped to play by her complex romance with the actor Talgat Nigmatulin, who was then gaining popularity (Pirates of the 20th Century). But Irina had to experience the happiness of motherhood many years later. In 1981, she gave birth to a daughter, the famous actress Alexandra Afanasiev-Shevchuk (the girl’s father is composer Alexander Afanasiev).

Irina Borisovna successfully combines acting and public career. In 2016, she starred in the film Stolen Happiness. At the same time, Shevchuk is the vice-president of one of the largest film festivals in Russia, Kinoshock.

Zhenya Komelkova: Olga Ostroumova

By the time of the filming of "Dawn" Olga at the same Rostotsky played a memorable role in "We'll Live Until Monday." Zhenya Komelkova - bright, daring and heroic - was her dream.

In the film, Ostroumova, whose grandfather was a priest, had to play a completely unusual “nudity” for the USSR. According to the scenario, the anti-aircraft gunners washed in the bath. It was important for the director to show beautiful female bodies, designed for love and motherhood, and not for bullets.

Olga Mikhailovna is still considered one of the most beautiful Russian actresses. Despite her extremely feminine appearance, Ostroumova has a strong character. She was not afraid to divorce her second husband, the chief director of the Hermitage Theater Mikhail Levitin, although they had two children in marriage. Now the actress is already a grandmother three times.

In 1996, Olga Mikhailovna married actor Valentin Gaft. Two such bright creative people managed to get along, although Gaft is the star of Sovremennik, and Ostroumova works at the Theater. Moscow City Council. Olga Mikhailovna said that at any time she was ready to listen to the poems of Valentin Iosifovich, which he writes as talentedly as he plays in films and on stage.
Liza Brichkina - Elena Drapeko

Lena, of course, really wanted to play Zhenya Komelkova. But in her, a thin girl who was born in Kazakhstan and studied in Leningrad, the director “saw” the full-blooded beauty Lisa, who grew up in a remote forest estate and was secretly in love with the foreman. In addition, Stanislav Iosifovich decided that Brichkina should not be a Bryansk, but a Vologda girl. Elena Drapeko learned to “okay” so much that for a long time she could not get rid of her characteristic dialect.

One of the most difficult scenes for the young actress was the scene when her heroine is drowning in a swamp. Everything was filmed in natural conditions, Lena-Lisa was wearing a wetsuit. She had to dive into the muddy mud. She was supposed to die, and everyone around was laughing at how the “swamp kikimora” looked like. Moreover, her glued freckles were restored all the time ...

The unbending character of Elena Grigorievna manifested itself in the fact that she became not only a very famous actress, who is still acting, but also a public figure. Drapeko - State Duma deputy, candidate of sociological sciences.

Political activity did not always contribute to personal life. But Elena Grigoryevna has a daughter, Anastasia Belova, a successful producer, and a granddaughter, Varenka.
Sonya Gurvich: Irina Dolganova

Irina Valerievna was as modest in life as her heroine, the quietest and most "bookish" among the five fighters. Irina arrived for the audition from Saratov. She didn't believe in herself so much that she didn't even leave an address. They barely found her and immediately sent her to play scenes at the rink with the then-beginner Igor Kostolevsky, otherwise they would have to wait until next winter.

Rostotsky forced Irina, as required by the script, to wear boots two sizes larger, which caused the girl real torment. And from the scene when her Sonya dies from a blow with a German knife and her friends find her, Irina Shevchuk and Olga Ostroumova were genuinely horrified: Dolganova's face looked so lifeless.

Despite the "modest" role, Irina received an offer to stay in Moscow, at the film studio. Gorky. But I decided that theater is more important for an actress. For many years she has been playing in the Nizhny Novgorod Youth Theater. Irina Valerievna has a husband - a businessman and a son - a doctor. In her city, Dolganova is well known not only as an actress, but also as a defender of homeless animals.

Galya Chetvertak: Ekaterina Markova

For Markova, the realities of childhood and youth were sharply different from those that fell to the orphanage Galka Chetvertak, who was even given a surname for her small stature. Ekaterina grew up in the family of the famous Soviet writer Georgy Markov. She was a very purposeful girl: she specially went to study at an evening school for working youth, as she wanted to graduate from the studio at the Moscow Theater. Stanislavsky.

But what, of course, made Katya and Galka related is a rich imagination. Jackdaw invented everything for herself: parents, a groom and a happy future, which the German bullet did not allow to come true. And Markova became a writer, without leaving work in one of the best theaters in the country - Sovremennik.

Several stories by Ekaterina Georgievna have been successfully filmed.

Markova lived for many years in a happy union with the magnificent actor Georgy Taratorkin, who recently passed away. The couple raised two children. His son Philip is a historian by education, now he has taken the priesthood. And the viewer knows Anna Taratorkina's daughter well from films, serials and roles in RAMT.

The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", a summary of which is given later in the article, tells about the events taking place during the Great Patriotic War.

The work is dedicated to the heroic deed of the anti-aircraft gunners, who suddenly found themselves surrounded by the Germans.

About the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The story was first published in 1969, it was approved by the editor of the magazine "Youth".

The reason for writing the work was a real episode of wartime.

A small group of 7 soldiers recovering from their wounds prevented the Germans from undermining the Kirov railway.

As a result of the operation, only one commander survived, who subsequently received the medal "For Military Merit" at the end of the war.

The episode is tragic, however, in the realities of wartime, this event is lost among the horrors of a terrible war. Then the author remembered the 300,000 women who carried the hardships of the front along with the male fighters.

And the plot of the story was built on the tragic fate of anti-aircraft gunners who die during a reconnaissance operation.

Who is the author of the book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The work is written by Boris Vasiliev in the narrative genre.

When the Great Patriotic War began, he barely finished the 9th grade.

Boris Lvovich fought near Smolensk, received a shell shock, and therefore knew firsthand about front-line life.

He became interested in literary work in the 50s, writing plays and scripts. The writer took up prose stories only 10 years later.

The main characters of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Vaskov Fedot Evgrafych

The foreman, in whose command the anti-aircraft gunners entered, held the commandant's position at the 171st railway siding.

He is 32 years old, but the girls gave him the nickname "old man" for his intractable character.

Before the war, he was an ordinary peasant from the village, had 4 classes of education, at the age of 14 he was forced to become the only breadwinner in the family.

Vaskov's son, whom he sued from his ex-wife after a divorce, died before the start of the war.

Gurvich Sonya

A simple shy girl from a large family, born and raised in Minsk. Her father worked as a local doctor.

Before the war, she managed to study for a year at Moscow State University as an interpreter, she spoke fluent German. Sonya's first love was a bespectacled student who studied in the library at the next table, with whom they timidly communicated.

When the war began, due to an excess of translators at the front, Sonya ended up in a school for anti-aircraft gunners, and then in the detachment of Fedot Vaskov.

The girl was very fond of poetry, her cherished dream was to see her many household members again. During a reconnaissance operation, Sonya was killed by a German with two stab wounds in the chest.

Brichkina Elizabeth

Country girl, forester's daughter. From the age of 14, she was forced to leave her studies and take care of her terminally ill mother.

She dreamed of entering a technical school, so after the death of her mother, following the advice of one of her father's friends, she was going to move to the capital. But her plans were not destined to come true, they were corrected by the war - Lisa went to the front.

The gloomy Sergeant Vaskov immediately aroused great sympathy in the girl. During a reconnaissance raid, Liza was sent through the swamp for help, but she was in too much of a hurry and drowned. After some time, Vaskov will find her skirt in the swamp, then he will realize that he was left without help.

Komelkova Evgenia

Cheerful and beautiful red-haired girl. The Germans shot all the members of her family, the merciless massacre took place right in front of Zhenya's eyes.

Her neighbor saved the girl from death. Burning with a desire to avenge the death of her relatives, Zhenya went into anti-aircraft gunners.

The attractive appearance of the girl and the perky character made her the object of courtship of Colonel Luzhin, so the authorities, in order to interrupt the romance, redirected Zhenya to the women's detachment, so she came under the command of Vaskov.

In intelligence, Zhenya twice showed fearlessness and heroism. She saved her commander when he was fighting a German. And then, putting herself under the bullets, she led the Germans away from the place where the foreman and her wounded friend Rita hid.

Chetvertak Galina

A very young and receptive girl, she was distinguished by short stature and a habit of writing stories and fables.

She grew up in an orphanage and did not even have her own last name. Because of her small stature, the elderly caretaker, who was friendly to Galya, came up with her surname Chetvertak.

Before the call, the girl almost managed to finish 3 courses of the library technical school. During the reconnaissance operation, Galya could not cope with her fear and jumped out of cover, falling under German bullets.

Osyanina Margarita

The senior person in the platoon, Rita was distinguished by seriousness, was very reserved and rarely smiled. As a girl, she bore the surname Mushtakova.

At the very beginning of the war, her husband, Lieutenant Osyanin, died. Wanting to avenge the death of a loved one, Rita went to the front.

She gave her only son Albert to be raised by her mother. The death of Rita was the last of the five girls in intelligence. She shot herself, realizing that she was mortally wounded and was an unbearable burden for her commander Vaskov.

Before she died, she asked the foreman to take care of Albert. And he kept his promise.

Other characters of "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Kiryanova

She was a senior combat comrade of Rita, industrial platoon. Before serving on the border, she participated in the Finnish War. Kiryanova, along with Rita, Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak, were redirected to the 171st siding.

Knowing about Rita's secret attacks on her son and mother while serving with Vaskov, she did not betray her longtime colleague, standing up for her that morning when the girl met the Germans in the forest.

Brief retelling of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

The events of the story are given in a strong reduction. Dialogue and descriptive moments are omitted.

Chapter 1

The action took place in the rear. At the inactive railway siding at number 171, only a few surviving houses remain. There were no more bombings, but as a precaution, the command left anti-aircraft installations here.

Compared to other parts of the front, there was a resort at the junction, the soldiers abused alcohol and flirted with local residents.

The weekly reports of the commandant of the patrol, foreman Vaskov Fedot Evgrafych, on anti-aircraft gunners led to a regular change in composition, but the picture was repeated again and again. Finally, after analyzing the current situation, the command sent a team of anti-aircraft gunners under the leadership of the foreman.

The new squad had no problems with drinking and revelry, however, for Fedot Evgrafych, commanding a female cocky and trained squad was unusual, since he himself had only 4 grades of education.

Chapter 2

The death of her husband made Margarita Osyanina a stern and self-contained person. From the moment of the loss of her beloved, a desire for revenge burned in her heart, so she remained to serve on the border near the places where Osyanin died.

To replace the dead carrier, they sent Yevgeny Komelkov, a mischievous red-haired beauty. She also suffered from the Nazis - she had to see with her own eyes the execution of all family members by the Germans. Two dissimilar girls became friends and Rita's heart began to thaw from the grief experienced, thanks to Zhenya's cheerful and open disposition.

Two girls accepted the shy Galya Chetvertak into their circle. When Rita finds out that it is possible to transfer to the 171st junction, she immediately agrees, since her son and mother live very close by.

All three anti-aircraft gunners come under the command of Vaskov and Rita, with the help of her girlfriends, makes regular night trips to her relatives.

Chapter 3

Returning in the morning after one of her secret sorties, Rita ran into two German soldiers in the forest. They were armed and carried something heavy in sacks.

Rita immediately reported this to Vaskov, who guessed that they were saboteurs whose goal was to undermine a strategically important railway junction.

The foreman betrayed important information to the command by phone and received an order to comb the forest. He decided to go to Lake Vop in a short way in front of the Germans.

For reconnaissance, Fedot Evgrafych took with him five girls, led by Rita. They were Brichkina Elizaveta, Komelkova Evgenia, Galina Chetvertak and Sonya Gurvich as an interpreter.

Before sending the fighters, they had to be taught how to properly put on shoes so as not to erase their feet, and also to force them to clean their rifles. The quacking of a drake was a conditional signal of danger.

Chapter 4

The shortest path to the forest lake went through a swampy swamp. For almost half a day, the team had to walk waist-deep in cold marsh slush. Galya Chetvertak lost her boot and footcloth, and part of the way through the swamp she had to walk barefoot.

Having reached the shore, the whole team was able to rest, wash dirty clothes and have a snack. To continue the campaign, Vaskov made birch bark for Gali. We reached the desired point only in the evening, here it was necessary to set up an ambush.

Chapter 5

When planning a meeting with two fascist soldiers, Vaskov did not worry much and hoped that he would be able to capture them from the advanced position, which he placed among the stones. However, in case of an unforeseen event, the foreman provided for the possibility of retreat.

The night passed quietly, only the fighter Chetvertak became very ill, walking barefoot through the swamp. In the morning, the Germans reached out to the Sinyukhina ridge between the lakes, the enemy detachment consisted of sixteen people.

Chapter 6

Realizing that he had miscalculated, and that a large German detachment could not be stopped, Vaskov sent Elizaveta Brichkina for help. He chose Lisa because she grew up in nature and was very well oriented in the forest.

To delay the Nazis, the team decided to portray the noisy activities of the lumberjacks. They lit fires, Vaskov chopped down trees, the girls called back and forth cheerfully. When the German detachment was 10 meters from them, Zhenya ran straight to the river in order to divert the attention of enemy scouts while swimming.

Their plan worked, the Germans went around, and the team managed to win a whole day of time.

Chapter 7

Lisa was in a hurry to get help. Failing to follow the instructions of the foreman about the pass on the island in the middle of the swamp, she, tired and frozen, continued on her way.

Almost reaching the end of the swamp, Lisa thought and was greatly frightened by a large bubble that swelled right in front of her in the dead silence of the swamp.

Instinctively, the girl rushed to the side and lost her footing. The pole Lisa tried to lean on broke. The last thing she saw before her death was the rays of the rising sun.

Chapter 8

The foreman did not know exactly about the trajectory of the Germans, so he decided to go on reconnaissance with Rita. They found a halt, 12 Nazis were resting near the fire and drying clothes. The whereabouts of the other four could not be ascertained.

Vaskov decides to change his place of deployment, and therefore sends Rita for the girls and at the same time asks to bring his personalized pouch. But in the confusion, the pouch was forgotten in the old place, and Sonya Gurvich, without waiting for the permission of the commander, ran after the expensive thing.

After a short time, the foreman heard a barely audible cry. As an experienced fighter, he guessed what this cry means. Together with Zhenya, they went in the direction of the sound and found Sonya's body, killed with two stab wounds in the chest.

Chapter 9

Leaving Sonya, the foreman and Zhenya set off in pursuit of the Nazis so that they would not have time to report the incident to their own. Rage helps the foreman to clearly think over a plan of action.

Vaskov quickly killed one of the Germans, Zhenya helped him cope with the second, stunning the Fritz in the head with a butt. This was the first hand-to-hand fight for the girl, which she suffered very hard.

In the pocket of one of the Fritz, Vaskov found his pouch. The entire team of anti-aircraft gunners, led by the foreman, gathered near Sonya. The body of a colleague was buried with dignity.

Chapter 10

Making their way through the forest, Vaskov's team unexpectedly ran into the Germans. In a fraction of a second, the foreman threw a grenade forward, machine-gun bursts crackled. Not knowing the forces of the enemy, the Nazis decided to retreat.

During a short fight, Galya Chetvertak could not overcome her fear and did not participate in the shooting. For such behavior, the girls wanted to condemn her at the Komsomol meeting, however, the commander stood up for the confused anti-aircraft gunner.

Despite being very tired, perplexed about the reasons for the delay in help, the foreman goes on reconnaissance, taking Galina with him for educational purposes.

Chapter 11

Galya was very frightened by the real events that were taking place. A visionary and writer, she often plunged into a fictional world, and therefore the picture of a real war unsettled her.

Vaskov and Chetvertak soon discovered two bodies of German soldiers. By all indications, the soldiers wounded in the skirmish were finished off by their own comrades. Not far from this place, the remaining 12 Fritz continued reconnaissance, two of which came quite close to Fedot and Galya.

The foreman safely hid Galina behind the bushes and hid himself in the stones, but the girl could not cope with her feelings and, screaming, jumped out of the shelter right under the German machine-gun fire. Vaskov began to lead the Germans away from his remaining fighters and ran to the swamp, where he took refuge.

During the chase, he was wounded in the arm. When it dawned, the foreman saw Liza's skirt in the distance, then he realized that now he could not count on help.

Chapter 12

Being under the yoke of heavy thoughts, the foreman went in search of the Germans. Trying to understand the train of thought of the enemy and examining the traces, he came across the Legont Skete. From hiding, he watched as a group of fascists of 12 people hid explosives in an old hut.

For protection, the saboteurs left two soldiers, one of whom was wounded. Vaskov managed to neutralize a healthy guard and take possession of his weapon.

The foreman, Rita and Zhenya met on the bank of the river, in the place where they portrayed lumberjacks. After going through terrible trials, they began to treat each other like brothers. After a halt, they began to prepare for the last battle.

Chapter 13

Vaskov's team held the defense of the coast as if they had the entire Motherland behind them. But the forces were unequal, and the Germans still managed to cross to their shore. Rita was seriously wounded by a grenade explosion.

In order to save the foreman and the wounded girlfriend, Zhenya, shooting back, ran further and further into the forest, leading the saboteurs with her. The girl was wounded in the side by a blind shot from the enemy, but she did not even think to hide and wait.

Already lying in the grass, Zhenya fired until the Germans shot her point-blank.

Chapter 14

Fedot Evgrafych, having bandaged Rita and covered her with spruce paws, wanted to go in search of Zhenya and things. For peace of mind, he decided to leave her a revolver with two rounds.

Rita understood that she was mortally wounded, she was only afraid that her son would remain an orphan. Therefore, she asked the foreman to take care of Albert, saying that it was from him and from her mother that she was returning that morning when she encountered German soldiers.

Vaskov made such a promise, but before he could move a few steps away from Rita, the girl shot herself in the temple.

The foreman buried Rita, and then found and buried Zhenya. The wounded hand ached a lot, the whole body burned with pain and tension, but Vaskov decided to go to the skete to kill at least one more German. He managed to neutralize the sentry, five Fritz were sleeping in the skete, one of which he shot immediately.

Having forced them to bind each other, barely alive, he led them into captivity. Only when Vaskov saw the Russian soldiers did he allow himself to lose consciousness.

Epilogue

Some time after the war, in a letter to his comrade, one tourist describes amazing quiet places in the region of two lakes. In the text, he also mentions one old man without an arm, who came here with his son Albert Fedotovich, a rocket captain.

Subsequently, this tourist, together with his new comrades, installed a marble slab with names on the grave of anti-aircraft gunner girls.

Conclusion

A piercing story about female heroism during the Great Patriotic War leaves an indelible mark on the hearts. The author repeatedly emphasizes in his narrative about the unnatural nature of the participation of women in hostilities, and the fault lies with the one who unleashed the war.

In 1972, director Stanislav Rostotsky made a film based on the story. He dedicated it to the nurse who carried him off the battlefield, saving him from certain death.

Sections: Literature, Extracurricular work

Purpose of the game: educate patriotism and pride in those who died during the war years in different parts of the country, teach to read carefully, be able to give a clear answer to a question, pay attention to details and learn to relate them to the hero, select material in accordance with the image, instill interest in reading .

1 competition “Family”

1. Where is the family of Fedot Vaskov? - The wife cheated with the regimental veterinarian, and the son died.

2. Where is the family of Rita Osyanina? - The husband died on the second day of the war, the son was with his mother.

3. Where is Evgenia Komelkova's family? - Mom, sister, brother were shot from a machine gun.

4. Where is Galya Chetvertak's family? - She has no one, she is from an orphanage.

5. Where is Sonya Gurvich's family? - They stayed in Minsk while Sonya was studying in Moscow.

6. Where is the family of Liza Brichkina? - Mom died of an illness, father is a forester

2 competition “Portraits”

1. “She smiles, and her eyes, wide open, are full of horror, like tears.” - Zhenya.

2. “Chunky, dense, either in the shoulders or in the hips - you won’t understand where it’s wider.” - Lisa.

3. "A sharp, ugly, but very serious face." - Sonya.

4. “Thin, sharp-nosed, tow braids.” - Galya.

5. “Because there was no strength anymore, there was no strength at all - only pain. Throughout the body ... ”- Fedot Evgrafych.

6. “A fragment passed obliquely, turning the stomach. Through the black blood, the bluish insides shuddered. - Rita.

3 contest “Acts”

1. What did Lisa notice special on the way to the German? - The dew was knocked down from the bushes to the left of the road.

2. What did Vaskov teach for forty minutes to those who followed the Germans? - How to wind footcloths.

3. What happened during the passage of the swamp with Galya Chetvertak? - Lost a boot in a bog.

4. What was Rita Osyanina doing in the forest in the morning when she saw the Germans? - She was returning to the junction after meeting with her son in the city.

5. Favorite poet Sonya Gurvich? - A. Blok.

6. What did Zhenya do on the river when it was necessary to divert the Germans from their chosen path? Did you start swimming in cold running water?

4 contest “Death”

1. How did Liza Brichkina die? - Drowned in the swamp.

2. How did Sonya Gurvich die? - She ran for Vaskov's pouch and ran into the Germans.

3. How did Galya Chetvertak die? - She jumped out on the Germans herself, as she was very afraid of them.

4. What trick helped the unarmed Vaskov avoid death? - He had a grenade in his hands that could not explode.

5. How did Zhenya die? “She was leading the Germans away, and a bullet accidentally hit her.

6. How did Rita Osyanina die? “She was mortally wounded in the stomach during the battle, and then she shot herself.

5 contest “Dreams”

1. What did Liza Brichkina dream about when the guest sent her a note? - Go to study in the city.

2. What profession did Galya Chetvertak want to have a mother? - Medical worker.

3. What did Rita Osyanina think about before her death? - About the future of a little son after the war, who stayed with his sick mother.

4. What did Zhenya always believe in? “I never doubted for a moment that everything would turn out well.”

5. Who was supposed to be Sonya Gurvich after graduation? - Translator.

6. What did Vaskov dream of doing with German prisoners? “I will personally kill everyone, personally, even if the authorities have mercy! And then let them judge me!”

6 contest “Osobinka.

1. What did Albert, the son of Osyanina, call Fedot Evgrafych? - Tyatey.

2. Where did Galya Chetvertak study before the war? - In the library technical school on an increased scholarship.

3. Why did Sonya Gurvich's boots stomp heavily? They were two sizes too big.

4. What was remarkable about the places where Liza sat in ambush? - I broke a fir spruce branch, laid a hollow between the stones, covered it with an overcoat.

5. Whom did Zhenya and her father hunt in peacetime? - For boars.

6. How many times a week did Rita run to the city to her son? - Two or three nights a week.

7 competition "The origins of the feat"

1. How did Rita Osyanina's husband die? - The border guard commander died on the second day of the war in the morning counterattack.

2. How did Liza Brichkina end up in the army? - Got into defense work. Dug trenches and anti-tank fortifications, got into encirclement, knocked out and dug again. It ended up behind Valdai and stuck to the anti-aircraft unit.

3. How did Sonya Gurvich end up in the anti-aircraft gunners? - Volunteers left, she was on the defensive, there were enough translators, but there were no anti-aircraft gunners, so she was identified.

4. How did Galya Chetvertak end up at the front? - She was not taken to the front with the whole group, then she stubbornly stormed the draft board, shamelessly lied that the lieutenant colonel got confused and, as an exception, sent her to the anti-aircraft gunners.

5. Who was Zhenya's father? - Red Commander.

6. Why did Fedot Evgrafych remain the eldest son and the only man and take on all the burdens of the family? - The bear broke the father.

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Beloved Komelkova

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Galya Chetvertak is an orphan, a pupil of an orphanage. In the orphanage she got her nickname for her short stature. Dreamer. She lived in the world of her own fantasies, and went to the front with the conviction that war is romance. After the orphanage, Galya got into the library technical school. The war caught her in her third year. On the first day of the war, their entire group was sent to the military commissar. Everyone was assigned, but Galya did not fit anywhere either in age or height. During the battle with the Germans, Vaskov took Galya with him, but she, unable to withstand the nervous tension of waiting for the Germans, ran out of hiding and was shot dead by the Nazis. Despite such a "ridiculous" death, the foreman told the girls that she died "in a shootout."

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One of the main characters in Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...".

Zhenya is a very beautiful red-haired girl, the rest of the heroines were amazed at her beauty. Tall, slender, with fair skin. Zhenya is 19 years old. Zhenya has her own account with the Germans: when the Germans captured the village of Zhenya, an Estonian managed to hide Zhenya herself. In front of the girl's eyes, the Nazis shot her mother, sister and brother. She goes to war to avenge the deaths of her loved ones. Despite the grief, "her character was cheerful and smiling." In Vaskov's platoon, Zhenya showed artistry, but there was also enough room for heroism - it was she who, causing fire on herself, leads the Germans away from Rita and Vaskov. She saves Vaskov when he fights with the second German who killed Sonya Gurvich. The Germans first wounded Zhenya, and then shot her point-blank.

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Senior sergeant, platoon commander of female anti-aircraft gunners.

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One of the main characters in Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...".

Lisa Brichkina is a simple village girl, originally from the Bryansk region. Daughter of a forester. One day, their father brought a guest to their house. Lisa liked him very much. Seeing the conditions under which the girl grows up, the guest invites Lisa to come to the capital and enter a technical school with a hostel, but Lisa did not have a chance to become a student - the war began. Lisa always believed that tomorrow would come and be better than today. Lisa died first. She drowned in a swamp during the execution of the task of foreman Vaskov.

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Postman

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The landlady of foreman Vaskov

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One of the main characters in Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...".

Rita is strict, she never laughs, she just moves her lips a little, but her eyes remain serious. "Rita was not one of the smart ones ...". Rita Mushtakova was the first of the class, out of great love, to marry senior lieutenant Osyanin, from whom she gave birth to a son, Albert. And there was no happier girl in the world. At the outpost, she was immediately elected to the women's council and enrolled in all circles. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and defend against gases, and then ... war. On the very first day of the war, she was one of the few who did not lose her head, did not panic. She was generally calm and thoughtful. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war during a counterattack on June 23, 1941. Upon learning that her husband is dead, she goes to war instead of her husband to protect her little son, who was left with his mother. They wanted to send Rita to the rear, and she asked to fight. She was persecuted, stuffed by force into the wagons, but the stubborn wife of the deceased deputy chief of the outpost, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin, reappeared at the headquarters of the fortified area a day later. In the end, they took me as a nurse, and six months later they sent me to the regimental anti-aircraft school. The authorities appreciated the unsmiling widow of the hero-border guard: they noted in the orders, set as an example and therefore respected the personal request - to send after graduation to the area where the outpost stood, where her husband died in a fierce bayonet battle. Now Rita could consider herself satisfied: she had achieved what she wanted. Even the death of her husband went somewhere in the farthest corner of her memory: Rita had a job, and she learned to hate quietly and mercilessly ... In Vaskov's platoon, Rita became friends with Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak. She died last, putting a bullet in her temple and thereby saving Fedot Vaskov. Before she died, she asked him to take care of her son. The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment in the story. Boris Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state

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One of the main characters in Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...".

Sonya Gurvich is a girl who grew up in a large friendly Jewish family. Sonya is from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University, knew German well. A neighbor from lectures, Sonya's first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in the park of culture, volunteered for the front. Knowing German, she could have been a good translator, but there were many translators, so she was sent to the anti-aircraft gunners (who, in turn, were few). Sonya is the second German victim in Vaskov's platoon. She runs away from the others to find and return Vaskov's pouch, and stumbles upon patrol saboteurs who killed Sonya with two stab wounds in the chest.

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Major, Commander Vaskov

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The protagonist of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet...".

Sergeant Major Fedot Vaskov is the commandant of the 171st patrol in the Karelian wilderness. The crews of the anti-aircraft installations of the siding, getting into a quiet environment, begin to toil from idleness and get drunk. In response to Vaskov's requests to "send non-drinkers", the command sends two squads of anti-aircraft gunners there ... Fedot graduated from four classes of the regimental school, and in ten years he rose to the rank of foreman. Vaskov experienced a personal drama: after the Finnish war, his wife left him. Vaskov demanded his son through the court and sent him to his mother in the village, but the Germans killed him there. The foreman always feels older than his years. The peasant's mind, the peasant's leaven is emphasized by the author in the "gloomy foreman" Fedot Vaskov. “Strong reticence”, “peasant slowness”, special “male solidity” since “the only peasant in the family remained - and the breadwinner, and the drinker, and the breadwinner”. “Old man” and “mossy stump, who has twenty words in reserve, and even those from the charter” behind his back call the thirty-two-year-old Vaskov his subordinate anti-aircraft gunners. “All his life Fedot Evgrafovich carried out orders. He did it literally, quickly and with pleasure. He was the gear of a huge, carefully tuned mechanism. Having come across with their "search group" of five "girls with three-rulers in an embrace" on sixteen armed fascist thugs from head to toe, rushing through the Sinyukhin ridge to the Kirov railway, to the "canal named after. comrade Stalin”, Vaskov “hid his confusion. He thought and thought, tossed and turned with his heavy brains, sucked all the possibilities of the upcoming deadly meeting. From his military experience, he knew that “playing hovanki with a German is almost like playing with death”, that the enemy “must be beaten. Beat until he crawls into the lair, ”without pity, without mercy. Understanding how difficult it is for a woman, who always gives birth to life, to kill, taught, explained: “These are not people. Not people, not people, not even animals - fascists. Look at it accordingly."

Telling about the fate of five anti-aircraft gunners and their commander during the Second World War.

History of creation

According to the author, the story is based on a real episode during the war, when seven soldiers, after being wounded, served at one of the junction stations of the Petrozavodsk-Murmansk railway, did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up the railway in this section. After the battle, only a sergeant survived, the commander of a group of Soviet fighters, who after the war was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". “And I thought: this is it! A situation when a person himself, without any order, decides: I won’t let him in! They have nothing to do here! I started working with this plot, I have already written seven pages. And suddenly I realized that nothing would come of it. It will just be a special case in the war. There was nothing fundamentally new in this story. Work is up. And then it suddenly came up - let my hero have not men, but young girls as subordinates. And that's it - the story immediately lined up. Women have the hardest time in war. There were 300 thousand of them at the front! And then no one wrote about them.

Plot

The main storyline of the story is the reconnaissance campaign of the heroes of the work. It is during the campaign that the characters of the characters are known to each other, heroism and love feelings are manifested.

Characters

Fedot Vaskov

Fedot Vaskov was already in the Finnish War, and now he is protecting the rear of the Soviet troops. He is the commandant of the patrol, to which, after lengthy requests to send non-drinking and non-walking fighters, they sent very young girls who had barely crossed the school threshold.

Vaskov is the only survivor of his entire squad, but he lost his arm, bringing the infection into the wound.

There are no direct indications in the book that Vaskov serves in the air defense. Anti-aircraft gunners were sent to the facility to protect against air raids. During the Winter War, Vaskov was a scout.

Zhenya Komelkova

A very beautiful red-haired girl, the rest of the heroines were amazed at her beauty. Tall, slender, with fair skin. When the Germans captured the village of Zhenya, an Estonian managed to hide Zhenya herself. In front of the girl's eyes, the Nazis shot her mother, sister and brother.

In Vaskov's platoon, Zhenya showed artistry; but there was enough room for heroism - it was she who, causing fire on herself, leads the Germans away from Rita and Vaskov. She saves Vaskov when he fights with the second German who killed Sonya Gurvich. The Germans first wounded and then shot her at close range.

In the film, the role of Komelkova was played by actress Olga Ostroumova.

Rita Osyanina

Rita Mushtakova was the first of the class to marry Lieutenant Osyanin, from whom she gave birth to a son, Igor. Rita's husband died during a counterattack on June 23, 1941.

In Vaskov's platoon, Rita became friends with Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak. She died last, putting a bullet in her temple and thereby saving Fedot Vaskov. Before she died, she asked him to take care of her son.

Liza Brichkina

Liza Brichkina is a simple village girl who is under pressure from her father. At the same time, a hunter-traveler comes to their house, with whom Lisa falls in love. But not experiencing mutual feelings for Liza, and seeing at the same time in what conditions the girl grows up, he invites her to come to the capital and enter a technical school. But Lisa did not succeed in becoming a student - the war began.

Lisa drowned in a swamp while on assignment for Sergeant Vaskov, for whom she had love feelings.

Galya Chetvertak

Galya grew up in an orphanage. There she got her nickname for her short stature.

During the battle with the Germans, Vaskov took Galya with him, but she, unable to withstand the nervous tension of waiting for the Germans, ran out of hiding and was shot dead by the Nazis. Despite such a "ridiculous" death, the foreman told the girls that she died "in a shootout."

Sonya Gurvich

Sonya Gurvich is a girl who grew up in a large Jewish family. She knew German and could have been a good translator, but there were many translators, so she was sent to the anti-aircraft gunners (who, in turn, were few).

Sonya is the second German victim in Vaskov's platoon. She runs away from the others to find and return Vaskov's pouch, and stumbles upon patrol saboteurs who killed Sonya with two stab wounds in the chest.

Screen adaptations

The story was filmed in 1972, 2005 and 2008:

• "" - a film directed by Stanislav Rostotsky (USSR, 1972).
• "" - a film directed by Mao Weining (China, Russia, 2005).
• "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" - TV series (Russia, 2008).

Theatrical performances

In addition, the story was staged in the theater:

• “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” - a performance by the Moscow Taganka Theater, director Yuri Lyubimov (USSR, 1971);
• "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" - opera by Kirill Molchanov (USSR, 1973).
• "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" - performance by the Volga Drama Theatre, director Alexander Grishin (Russia, 2007).
• "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" - a performance by the Borisoglebsk Drama Theater. N. G. Chernyshevsky (Russia, 2012).

Editions

• Boris Vasiliev, Karelia, 1975

• Boris Vasiliev, DOSAAF, Moscow, 1977

• Boris Vasiliev, Pravda, 1979

• Boris Vasiliev, Soviet writer. Moscow, 1977

• Boris Vasiliev, Daguchpedgiz, 1985

• Georgy Berezko, Boris Vasiliev, True , 1991

• Boris Vasiliev, 2010

• Boris Vasilyev, Eksmo, 2011

• Boris Vasilyev, Astrel, 2011

• Boris Vasiliev, AST, 2011