Arguments for an essay in the Russian language.
Nature. Part 1.
The problem of nature, attitude to nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on a person's character.

Is man the king of nature or a part? What is dangerous consumer attitude to nature? What can lead to the struggle of man with the natural world? (V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish")

Astafiev tells us an instructive story about a talented fisherman who has a natural instinct that is useful for fishing. However, this hero also trades in poaching, exterminating fish without counting. By his actions, the hero causes irreparable damage to nature. The reason for these actions is not hunger. Utrobin acts like this out of greed.
In one of these sorties, a huge fish comes across a poacher's hook. Greed and ambition prevent the fisherman from calling his brother for help, he decides to pull out a huge sturgeon at all costs. Over time, Ignatich begins to go under water along with the fish. A turning point happens in his soul, where he asks for forgiveness for all his sins in front of his brother, in front of the bride he offended. Having overcome greed, the fisherman calls his brother for help.
Ignatich changes his attitude to nature when he feels how the fish "tightly and carefully pressed against him with a thick and tender belly." He understands that the fish is clinging to him, because he is afraid of death just like he is. He ceases to see in this living creature only an instrument for profit. When the hero realizes his mistakes, he will be liberated and cleansed of his soul from sins.
At the end of the story, we see that nature forgave the fisherman, gave him a new chance to atone for all sins.
The fight between Ignatich and the king fish is a metaphor for the battle between man and nature that takes place every day. Destroying nature, man dooms himself to extinction. Causing harm to nature, a person deprives himself of the environment of existence. Cutting down forests, destroying animals, a person dooms himself to extinction.
This work also raises the question: can a person consider himself the king of nature. And Astafiev gives the answer: no, man is a part of nature, and not always the best. Only concern for nature can maintain the balance of life, the countless destruction of what the world around us gives us can only lead to death. The pride of a person who imagines himself to be the "king of nature" leads only to destruction.
We need to love the world around us, exist in peace and harmony with it, respecting every living being.

Write an essay on the text below. The volume is not less than 150 words.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Give at least two arguments, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations.

Original text

In the autumn forest everything was yellow and crimson, everything seemed to be burning and shining together with the sun. The trees were just beginning to shed their robes, and the leaves were falling, swaying in the air, noiselessly and smoothly. It was cool and easy, and therefore fun. The autumn smell of the forest is special, unique, persistent and pure, so much so that for tens of meters Bim could smell the owner. NOW the owner sat down on a stump, ordered Bim to sit too, and he took off his cap, put it on the ground next to him and looked at the leaves. And listened to the silence of the forest. Of course he was smiling! He was now the same as always before the start of the hunt. And so the owner got up, unsheathed the gun, put in the cartridges. Bim trembled with excitement. Ivan Ivanovich patted him affectionately on the back of the neck, which made Bim even more agitated. - Well, boy, look! Beam is gone! He went in a small shuttle, maneuvering between the trees, squat, springy and almost silent. Ivan Ivanovich slowly followed him, admiring his friend's work. Now the forest with all its beauties has remained in the background: glvgoe-Bim, graceful, passionate, easy on the go. Occasionally beckoning him to him, Ivan Ivanovich ordered him to lie down in order to let him calm down, to get involved. And soon Beam already went smoothly, with knowledge of the matter. Great art - the work of a setter! HERE he walks at a light gallop, raising his head, he does not need to lower it and search from below, he takes smells on horseback, while silky wool fits around his chiseled neck. that is why he is so handsome that he holds his head, with dignity, confidence and passion. The forest was silent. The golden leaves of the birch played only a little, bathing in the sparkles of the sun. retihli young oaks next to the majestic giant oak-father hugs the progenitor. Silently flutter the silver-gray leaves remaining on the aspen. And on the fallen yellow foliage stood a dog, one of the best creations of nature and a patient man. Not a single muscle moved! That's what a classic stance in the yellow forest is! - Go ahead, boy! Beam raised the woodcock on the wing. Shot! The forest started, answering with a disgruntled, offended echo. It seemed that the birch, which had climbed to the border of the oak and aspen forests, was frightened and shuddered. The oaks gasped like heroes. The aspens nearby were hastily sprinkled with leaves. The woodcock fell in a lump. Bim filed it according to all the rules. But the owner, after caressing Bim and thanking him for the beautiful work, held the bird in his palm, looked at it and said thoughtfully: - Oh, you shouldn’t ...
Bim did not understand, peered into the face of Ivan Ivanovich, and he continued: -For you only, Bim, for you, stupid. And so - it's not worth it. Yesterday was a happy day. And yet, there is some sediment in the soul. Why would? I feel sorry for killing game. So good around, and suddenly a dead bird. I am not a vegetarian and not a hypocrite who describes the suffering of slaughtered animals and eats their meat with pleasure, but until the end of my days I set myself a condition: one or two woodcocks per hunt, no more. If not a single one, it would be even better, but then Bim will die like a hunting dog. and I will have to buy a bird that someone else will kill for me. No, excuse me from this ... Where does the sediment from yesterday come from? And only from yesterday? Did I miss some thought? .. So, yesterday: the pursuit of happiness, the yellow forest - and the dead bird. What is this: is it not a deal with your conscience? Stop! That's what the thought slipped away yesterday: not a deal, but a reproach of conscience and pain for everyone who kills uselessly when a person loses his humanity. From the past, from the memories of the past comes and grows in me more and more pity for birds and animals. Oh, yellow forest, yellow forest! Here is a piece of happiness for you, here is a place for you to think. In the autumn forest, a person becomes cleaner.

The writing

In his text, the Russian Soviet writer Gavriil Nikolaevich Troepolsky raises the problem of the impact of nature on man.
Revealing the problem, the author cites an episode from his life as an example. One day, walking through the spring forest, the author, struck by the beauty of the forest, comes to the conclusion that a person becomes cleaner in the forest. Troepolsky also says that nature is able to awaken the best qualities in a person, because it is not for nothing that he calls nature “a beautiful dream of reality.”
The author believes that it is nature that contributes to the awakening of joy, love in the soul of a person, cleanses him of negative emotions.
I fully agree with the author's opinion that the beauty of the surrounding world acts like a medicine on people, makes them think about beauty.
I can prove the correctness of this point of view by referring to the work of I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In the novel, in the chapter "Oblomov's dream", the author depicts Oblomovka where the main character grew up. This is a place where nature protects the inhabitants from adversity. Living life in such a place, people are in harmony with the world. Their souls are pure, like nature itself, there are no dirty thoughts, deeds. Everything is peaceful and friendly. Oblomov is a product of this world. He has kindness, beauty of the soul, attention to one's neighbor, everything for which Stoltz appreciated him so much and Olga fell in love with him. So the author wants to convey to us the idea that the beauty of nature affects the inhabitants of Oblomovka in the best possible way.
The same problem is revealed in B. Vasiliev's story "Do not shoot at white swans." The protagonist loves nature, admires its mysterious beauty. After visiting the zoo, Yegor, amazed by the beauty of the swans, decided to buy these beautiful birds in order to settle them on the lake. The author shows us the kindness of the soul of this man, who is not able to endure violence against all living things. This example proves to us that nature is able to awaken the best qualities in a person, to direct him to the true path.
Thus, nature really awakens the most beautiful feelings in a person: happiness, joy, inspiration. A person who sees the beauty of nature becomes cleaner and kinder to others.

There is no doubt that the Earth was and is a giving planet. Everything that people need to survive and thrive has been provided by nature: food, water, medicine, materials for housing, and even natural cycles. However, we have so disconnected ourselves from the natural world that we easily and often forget that nature remains as giving as ever, even as it fades away.

The growth of technology and industry may have partly distanced us from the natural world, but it has not changed our dependence on it. Much of what we use and consume on a daily basis remains the product of many interactions that are endangered by our activities. Beyond such physical goods, the natural world provides less tangible but equally important gifts in terms of beauty, art, and spirituality.

Here is a selection of factors that influence nature on humans:

Fresh water

There is no other substance that people need more than: without water, we can only survive a few hellish days. However, many of the world's drinking water sources are facing pollution and overuse. Soils, microorganisms and plant roots play a role in the filtration and recycling of pollutants, and their cost is much cheaper than building water filtration plants. According to research, the greater the biodiversity, the faster and more efficiently it is cleaned.

Pollination

Imagine trying to pollinate every apple blossom in the garden: that's what nature does for us. Insects, birds, and even some mammals pollinate many of the world's plants, including much of human agriculture. About 80% of plants on the planet need pollinators.

Spreading seeds

Like pollination, many of the world's plants require other species to move their seeds from their parent plant to new locations. The seeds are spread by a wide variety of animals: birds, bats, rodents, elephants, tapirs, and even fish. Seed dispersal is especially important in tropical forests, where most plants depend on the movement of animals.

Pest control

A recent study found that bats save billions of dollars a year in agriculture simply by doing what they normally do: they eat insects, many of which are potentially harmful to crops.

Soil health

The ground beneath our feet matters more than we often admit. Healthy fertile soil provides optimal conditions for plants by participating in a number of natural cycles, from nutrient utilization to water purification. Although the soil is renewable, it is also susceptible to overuse and degradation, often due to industrial agriculture, pollution and fertilizers. Natural vegetation and soil quality mitigate excessive erosion, which can have dramatic consequences for land loss.

The medicine

Nature is our biggest medicine cabinet: to date, it has provided mankind with many life-saving medicines from quinine, aspirin and morphine to numerous drugs in the fight against cancer and HIV.

Fishing

Humanity has turned to rivers and seas for food for at least 40,000 years, but probably more. Today, with the global collapse of fisheries, more than a billion people depend on fish as their main source of protein. , and seagrass ecosystems provide breeding grounds for the world's fisheries, while the open ocean is used for migration and hunting.

Biodiversity and abundance of wildlife

The argument for preserving the world's wildlife often comes from an aesthetic point of view. Many conservationists have fought to save animals simply because they like a particular species. This is often explained by the fact that more widely known animals - tigers, elephants, rhinoceros - receive much more attention than less popular (albeit endangered) wildlife, such as the clouded bat.

But besides the fact that the world has become a less lonely, less boring and more beautiful place - wonderful reasons in themselves - many of the services provided by biodiversity are similar to those provided by all of nature. Biodiversity produces food, fibers, wood products; purifies water, controls agricultural pests and pollinates; provides recreational activities such as bird watching, gardening, diving and ecotourism.

climate regulation

The natural world helps regulate the Earth's climate. Ecosystems such as peatlands and mangroves contain a significant amount of carbon, while the ocean captures carbon through phytoplankton. While greenhouse gas regulation is a must in this era, new research suggests that the world's ecosystems may also play a role in weather. A recent study showed that the rainforest acted as its own "bioreactor", producing clouds and rainfall from its abundance of plant materials.

Economy

Nature underlies the entire global economy. Without fertile soils, clean drinking water, healthy forests and a stable climate, the global economy will face disaster. By endangering our environment, we endanger the economy. According to research published in the journal Science, the global value of shared ecosystem services could be between $40 trillion and $60 trillion a year.

Health

Nature lovers have long noticed that spending time in a green space, such as a park, provides mental and physical health benefits. Working out in the park rather than the gym promotes mental health and gives you a greater sense of well-being. Walking for 20 minutes in a green space has been shown to help children with ADHD improve their concentration, on par with medication, and sometimes even better. People who live in more natural environments have better overall health, even when accounting for economic differences.

Art

Imagine poetry without flowers, painting without landscapes, or films without scenery. There is no doubt that the natural world has provided world art with some of its greatest subjects. What we lose in nature, we also lose in art.

Spirituality

Economic measurements are useful; but, as with most things in the world, the economy simply fails to capture true value. Science is also a useful measure of the importance of nature, but it fails to measure the practical and aesthetic value for each individual.

Everyone knows that man and nature are inextricably linked, and we observe it every day. This is a breath of wind, and sunsets and sunrises, and the ripening of buds on trees. Society was formed under its influence, personalities developed, art was formed. But we also have a reciprocal influence on the world around us, but most often negative. The problem of ecology was, is and will always be relevant. So, many writers touched on it in their works. This selection lists the brightest and strongest arguments from world literature that touch on the problems of the mutual influence of nature and man. They are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).

1. Astafiev Victor Petrovich, "Tsar-fish". This is one of the most famous works of the great Soviet writer Viktor Astafiev. The main theme of the story is the unity and opposition of man and nature. The writer points out that each of us is responsible for what he has done and what is happening in the world around him, whether good or bad. The work also touches upon the problem of large-scale poaching, when a hunter, not paying attention to prohibitions, kills and thereby wipes out entire species of animals from the face of the earth. Thus, by pushing his hero Ignatich and mother nature in the person of the Tsar-fish, the author shows that the destruction of our habitat by our own hands threatens the death of our civilization.
2. Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich, "Fathers and Sons". The neglect of nature is also considered in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". Yevgeny Bazarov, an inveterate nihilist, declares bluntly: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." He does not enjoy the environment, does not find anything mysterious and beautiful in it, any manifestation of it is nothing for him. In his opinion, "nature should be useful, this is its purpose." He believes that it is necessary to take away what she gives - this is the inviolable right of each of us. As an example, we can recall the episode when Bazarov, being in a bad mood, went into the forest and broke branches and everything else that came across his path. Neglecting the world around him, the hero fell into the trap of his own ignorance. Being a physician, he never made great discoveries, nature did not give him the keys to her secret locks. He died from his own indiscretion, becoming a victim of a disease for which he never invented a vaccine.
3. Vasiliev Boris Lvovich, “Do not shoot at white swans”. In his work, the author urges people to treat nature more carefully, opposing two brothers. The forester of the reserve by the name of Buryanov, despite his responsible work, perceives the world around him only as a resource for consumption. He easily and completely without a twinge of conscience cut down trees in the reserve in order to build a house for himself, and his son Vova was completely ready to torture the puppy he found to death. Fortunately, Vasiliev contrasts him with Yegor Polushkin, his cousin, who, with all the kindness of his soul, protects the natural habitat, and it’s good that there are still people who care about nature and strive to preserve it.

Humanism and love for the environment

1. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea. In his philosophical story "The Old Man and the Sea", which was based on a true event, the great American writer and journalist touched on many topics, one of which is the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The author in his work shows a fisherman who serves as an example of how to treat the environment. The sea feeds the fishermen, but voluntarily yields only to those who understand the elements, its language and life. Santiago also understands the responsibility that the hunter bears in front of the halo of his habitat, feels guilty for extorting food from the sea. He is weighed down by the thought that a man kills his fellows in order to feed himself. This is how you can understand the main idea of ​​the story: each of us must understand our inextricable connection with nature, feel guilty before it, and as long as we are responsible for it, guided by reason, the Earth tolerates our existence and is ready to share its riches.
2. Nosov Evgeny Ivanovich, "Thirty grains". Another work confirming that a humane attitude towards other living beings and nature is one of the main virtues of people is the book “Thirty Grains” by Evgeny Nosov. It shows the harmony between man and animal, the little titmouse. The author clearly demonstrates that all living beings are brothers in origin, and we need to live in friendship. Titmouse at first was afraid to make contact, but she realized that in front of her was not the one who would catch and the ban in the cage, but the one who would protect and help.
3. Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich, “Grandfather Mazai and Hares”. This poem is familiar to every person since childhood. It teaches us to help our smaller brothers, to take care of nature. The main character, Grandfather Mazai, is a hunter, which means that hares should be for him, first of all, prey, food, but his love for the place where he lives turns out to be higher than the opportunity to get an easy trophy. He not only saves them, but also warns them not to come across him while hunting. Isn't this a high feeling of love for mother nature?
4. Antoine de Saint-Exupery, The Little Prince. The main idea of ​​the work sounds in the voice of the protagonist: “I got up, washed myself, put myself in order and immediately put your planet in order.” Man is not a king, not a king, and he cannot control nature, but he can take care of it, help, follow its laws. If every inhabitant of our planet followed these rules, then our Earth would be completely safe. It follows from this that we need to take care of her, treat her more carefully, because all living things have a soul. We have tamed the Earth and must be responsible for it.

The problem of ecology

• Rasputin Valentin "Farewell to Mother". The strong influence of man on nature was shown in his story “Farewell to Mother” by Valentin Rasputin. On Matera, people lived in harmony with the environment, took care of the island and kept it, but the authorities needed to build a hydroelectric power station, and decided to flood the island. So, a whole animal world went under water, which no one took care of, only the inhabitants of the island felt guilty for the “betrayal” of their native land. So humanity destroys entire ecosystems due to the fact that it needs electricity and other resources necessary for modern life. It treats its conditions with awe and reverence, but completely forgets that entire species of plants and animals die and are destroyed forever due to the fact that someone needed more comfort. Today, that area has ceased to be an industrial center, factories do not work, and dying villages do not need so much energy. So those sacrifices were completely in vain.
• Aitmatov Chingiz, "The Scaffold". Destroying the environment, we destroy our life, our past, present and future - such a problem is raised in Chingiz Aitmatov's novel "The Scaffold", where the family of wolves, which is doomed to death, is the personification of nature. The harmony of life in the forest was broken by a man who came and destroys everything in his path. People arranged a hunt for saigas, and the reason for such barbarity was the fact that there was a difficulty with the meat delivery plan. Thus, the hunter thoughtlessly destroys the ecology, forgetting that he himself is part of the system, and this, in the end, will affect him.
• Astafiev Victor, "Lyudochka". This work describes the consequence of the disregard of the authorities to the ecology of the whole region. People in a polluted, waste-smelling city have become brutalized and rush at each other. They have lost naturalness, harmony in the soul, now they are ruled by conventions and primitive instincts. The main character becomes a victim of gang rape on the banks of a garbage river, where rotten waters flow - as rotten as the morals of the townspeople. No one helped or even sympathized with Luda, this indifference drove the girl to suicide. She hanged herself on a bare crooked tree, which also dies from indifference. The poisoned, hopeless atmosphere of filth and poisonous fumes reflects back on those who made it so.

The composition of the exam in the text:"A trip to Olepin gave me an unforgettable experience. The morning found me not in bed, not in a hut or city apartment, but under a haystack on the banks of the Koloksha River ..."(according to V.A. Soloukhin).

Full text

(1) Among the many shameful deeds that I have committed in my life, one is the most memorable to me. (2) In the orphanage, a loudspeaker hung in the corridor, and once a voice was heard in it, unlike anyone else, something that irritated me - most likely just a dissimilarity. (3) “Ha… Yelling like a stallion!” I said and unplugged the loudspeaker from the socket. (4) The singer's voice broke off. (5) The children sympathetically reacted to my act, because in my childhood I was the most melodious and reading person. (6) ... Many years later in Essentuki, in a spacious summer hall, I listened to a symphony concert. (7) All the musicians of the Crimean orchestra who had seen and survived in their lifetime with the glorious, ant-like, young conductor Zinaida Tykach patiently explained to the public what and why they would play, when, by whom and on what occasion this or that piece of music was written. (8) They did this, as it were, with an apology for their intrusion into such a life of citizens oversaturated with spiritual values, who are being treated and simply fattening at the resort, and the concert began with a dashing Strauss overture in order to prepare listeners overworked by culture for the second, more serious part. (9) But the fabulous Strauss, the fiery Brahms, and the coquettish Offenbach did not help - already from the middle of the first part of the concert, the audience, crowded into the hall for a musical event just because it was free, began to leave the hall. (10) Yes, if only they left him just like that, silently, carefully - no, they left with indignation, shouts, abuse, as if they had deceived them in their best desires and dreams. (11) The chairs in the concert hall are old, Viennese, with round wooden seats, knocked together in order, and every citizen, having risen from his seat, considered it his duty to slam the seat indignantly. (12) I sat, shrinking into myself, listening to the musicians tear themselves to drown out the noise and swearing in the hall, and I wanted to ask for forgiveness for all of us from the lovely conductor in a black tailcoat, from the orchestra players, who so hard and stubbornly earn their honest , poor bread, apologize for all of us and tell how I was in childhood ... (13) But life is not a letter, there is no postscript in it. (14) What if the singer whom I once offended with a word, her name is the great Nadezhda Obukhova, became my most favorite singer, that I “corrected” and cried more than once listening to her. (15) She, the singer, will never hear my repentance, will not be able to forgive me. (16) On the other hand, already elderly and gray-haired, I shudder from every bang and rattle of a chair in the concert hall, ... when the musicians are trying with all their strength, capabilities and talent to convey the suffering of an early-suffering short-sighted young man in defenseless round glasses. (17) He, in his dying symphony, the unfinished song of his aching heart, has been stretching his hands into the hall for more than a century and crying out with a prayer: “(18) People, help me! (19) Help! .. (20) Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself! .. "

Do we love our native places where we spent our childhood? Would you like to once again plunge into the atmosphere of childhood? And you can immediately answer in the affirmative: “I think so!”. The problem of the influence of nature on man, the perception of nature is raised by V.A. Soloukhin in his article.

Olepin's trip gave him an unforgettable experience. He experienced such sensations while fishing, and he never experienced them like this again in his life. The author writes that such a night cannot but charm: "... if it does not charm, then the person himself is to blame." To say so, you need to love your homeland, your native places so much, and not only love, but also be able to see this beauty.

The position of the author is clearly expressed in the content of the entire text. Only a person who strongly feels the beauty of nature can describe the state in which the author was. The author writes about how important children's impressions are, because they preserve the joyful perception of the world, they are the most vivid and unforgettable.

I fully agree with the author of the article. Everything that surrounds us is full of meaning and meaning, every moment of life is unique. We need to appreciate these moments. And, being in nature, a person learns to sincerely enjoy the world around him. And this world is especially dear to us when we remember it from childhood.

There are many examples in the literature where this problem is raised. In the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" a huge place is occupied by descriptions of nature. We see with what great love the author describes his native places, where he loved to hunt. His entire cycle of stories is combined into one large book, Records of a Hunter. Here the author pays great attention to the description of the surrounding nature. Only a person who infinitely loves nature can feel and describe it so subtly. And the beauty of nature could not but charm Turgenev, who did not doubt its greatness at all.

Also in the novel "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy, through the eyes of Andrei Bolkonsky, describes the extraordinary beauty of a rotten oak. We see how exactly the hero feels nature, everything that surrounds him. How strongly the oak influenced the hero. Prince Andrei, as it were, says to himself that life at the age of 31 is not over yet!

And the writer Solokhuin is right in saying that this problem is very important, that a person depends on nature, on the world around him. After all, human life without nature is unthinkable.