Final essay

in the thematic direction "Mind and feeling »

Mind and feeling ... What is it? These are the two most important forces

components of the inner world of each person. Both of these forces

equally need each other.

The mental organization of a person is very complex. situations that

happen and happen to us, there are very different.

One of them is when our feelings prevail over reason. For another

situation is characterized by the predominance of reason over feelings. It also happens

the third, when a person has harmony, this means that the mind and

Feelings have exactly the same effect on the mental organization of a person.

The theme of reason and feeling is interesting for many writers. Reading

works of world fiction, including

Russian, we meet many such examples that tell us about

manifestation of different situations in the life of heroes of art

works, when an internal conflict occurs: feelings act

against reason. Literary heroes very often find themselves in front of

choice between the dictates of the senses and the prompting of the mind.

So, in the story of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin "Poor Lisa" we see

how the nobleman Erast falls in love with a poor peasant girl Liza. Lisa

Confusion, sadness, crazy joy, anxiety, despair, shock-

these are the feelings that overwhelmed the girl's heart. Erast, weak and

windy, cooled off to Lisa, he doesn’t think about anything, reckless

Human. Satiation sets in and the desire to get rid of the bored

connections.

A moment of love is beautiful, but reason gives long life and strength to feelings.

Lisa hopes to regain her lost happiness, but all in vain. deceived into

best hopes and feelings, she forgets her soul and throws herself into the pond

near the Simonov Monastery. A girl trusts the movements of her heart well ivet

only "gentle passions." For Lisa, the loss of Erast is tantamount to the loss

life. Fervor and ardor bring her. to death.

Reading the story of N. M. Karamzin, we are convinced that “mind and

feelings are two forces equally in need of each other.

In the novel by Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, one can find several scenes and

episodes related to the topic.

Favorite heroine of L. N. Tolstoy, Natasha Rostova met and fell in love

Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. After the departure of Prince Andrei abroad, Natasha

I was very sad for a long time without leaving my room. She is very lonely

loved one. In these difficult days, Anatole meets in her life

Kuragin. He looked at Natasha "admired, affectionate

with a glance." The girl was recklessly carried away by Anatole. Natasha's love

Andrea was put to the test. Not keeping this promise

wait for a loved one, she betrayed him. A young girl is too young and

inexperienced in matters of the heart. But a pure soul tells her that she

behaves badly. Why did Rostova fall in love with Kuragin? She saw in him

someone close to her. This love story ended very sadly:

Natasha tried to poison herself, but remains alive.

The girl passionately repents for this before God, asks him to give

her peace of mind and happiness. L. N. Tolstoy himself considered history

relations between Natasha and Anatole "the most important place of the novel." Natasha

should be happy, as she has tremendous power of life and love.

What conclusion can be drawn from this topic? Remembering the pages

works of N. M. Karamzin and L. N. Tolstoy, I come to the conclusion that

that in both works we see an internal human conflict:

feelings oppose reason. No deep moral sense

"A man cannot have either love or honor." How are they related

mind and feeling? I would like to quote the words of the Russian writer M.M.

Prishvin: “There are feelings that replenish and obscure the mind, but there are

mind that cools the movement of the senses.

Since ancient times, reason and feeling have affected us in completely different ways. The mind relies on logic and cold calculation, forcing us to weigh the pros and cons, feelings, on the contrary, guide us, relying only on the emotions that we experience. Such a contradiction as it was, and will always be. What choice to make in this or that situation: to submit to feelings or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict and find harmony between these two "elements"? It is difficult to answer this question. Therefore, Russian literature, a kind of textbook of life, will help us to understand it.

Many works have been written from which the reader will draw the right conclusions. So, in the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov, the author exposes the vices that to this day are in each of us. On the example of the main characters, Griboyedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism and sycophancy is Alexei Stepanovich Molchalin.

With his obsequiousness, the hero successfully makes his way into high society. Molchalin is a staunch conservative who depends on the opinions of others. Kowtowing and servility to superior people is the life principle of Molchalin. In this hero, “reason” also prevails in love affairs. Experiencing strong feelings for Lisa, he tried to buy her love, promising to give her "a toilet of intricate work." But still he is forced to look after Sophia. In Molchalin's love desire for her, she clearly outweighs the calculation. It is beneficial for him to live in the Famusovs' house, next to his boss. Only one mind drives this hero.

The opposite example in this comedy is A. A. Chatsky. In it, Griboyedov embodied many qualities of an advanced man of his era. Chatsky proclaims humanity, respect for the common man, freedom of thought. He is driven only by a feeling, he feels sincere and passionate love for Sophia. Neither departure for Moscow, nor separation cooled his feelings. For him, love is sacred. That is why Chatsky painfully endures the news that Sophia loves another. Loyalty in friendship and sincerity in love - that's what is important for our hero. He opposes the Moscow "aces" who live, honoring only wealth and rank. But the result of all this is rather sad. Chatsky is alone. Among the people there is no one who would share his position. The whole society ridicules him and recognizes him as crazy.

Another striking example is F. M. Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a man of remarkable intelligence, deeply and subtly feels, is capable of constant analysis of his own and other people's actions. He is a vivid example of the struggle between reason and feeling. Raskolnikov does not decide on a crime for a long time, plunging into his own thoughts, he is sure that knowing all the subtleties of the murder and, referring to himself as an “unusual” people who are allowed to cross any line that distinguishes crime from the norm, he will be able to step over himself and continue a calm and happy life. But the dream on the eve of the crime contradicted his mind, his atmosphere was heated with strong feelings - the unbearable despair of little Rodion, shaking his little heart with pity for the "poor horse". All this speaks of the unnaturalness of the murder. However, this does not stop Raskolnikov. Having committed a crime, he begins to experience mental anguish. If he had acted not at the behest of his mind, but had listened to the voice of his heart, then the crime would not have been committed. Raskolnikov takes as a basis only the results of his thoughts, completely forgetting about feelings.

Should reason take precedence over feelings? .. Definitely not. Sometimes feelings are so strong that a person simply does not notice how he is rolling into the abyss, succumbing to them. But still very important

learn to harmonize feeling with reason. Learning to live in harmony between these two forces is very important, it makes a person strong and self-confident.

Direction "Mind and feelings"

An example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?

Should reason take precedence over feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of reason, and in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with feelings. Let's look at a few examples.

So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, one should curb them, listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass "Difficult Exam" refers to a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the performance at the children's camp and appreciate her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Overwhelmed by a sense of desperation, she decided not to go on stage. The reasonable arguments of the teacher helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.

However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about it, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the shop and received a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrificed his feelings for reason: he abandoned his favorite business in favor of earning money. What did it lead to? Tolik's father felt deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This was not the kind of life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.

(375 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Should a person live in obedience to feelings?"

Should a person live in obedience to feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, one should listen to the voice of the heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, one should not succumb to feelings, one should listen to the arguments of reason. Let's look at a few examples.

So, in the story of V. Rasputin "French Lessons" it is said about the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he gambled. Lidia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel with food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was violating the ethical standards of the relationship between a teacher and a student, transgressing the boundaries of what was permitted, that she would be fired for this. But the feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of the teacher's behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable norms.

However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Overwhelmed by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, he is consciously aware that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. A. Mass's story "The Trap" describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine has a dislike towards his brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: to dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, having stepped on it, will fall. The girl cannot but understand that she is doing a bad deed, but her feelings take precedence over reason in her. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of a fall she could lose a child. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She did not want to kill anyone, especially a child! "How can I live on?" she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that one should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel acts, which later will have to be bitterly regretted.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey feelings if they are kind, bright; the negative ones should be curbed, listening to the voice of reason.

(344 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "The dispute between reason and feeling ..."

The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation is eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason turns out to be stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feeling. In some situations, there is no right choice. Listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may not be a path that would lead to a successful resolution of the situation.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity, but condemns both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes find happiness if she made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your other happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine's fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice, any decision will only lead to suffering.

Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he has a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that he and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant is: your name is father, comrades, fatherland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy's feelings take precedence over all the arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me! .. Fatherland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearest to her. My homeland is you! .. And everything that is, I will sell, give, ruin for such a homeland! The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to terrible deeds: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, including his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps become a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks in the event of its capture? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible, any path leads to tragic consequences.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally which should win.

(399 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to his mind." (Theodore Dreiser)

"A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to the mind," - Theodore Dreiser argued. Indeed, not only a scientist or commander can be called great. The greatness of a person can be concluded in bright thoughts, the desire to do good. Such feelings as mercy, compassion, can move us to noble deeds. Listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps people around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to support my idea with literary examples.

In B. Ekimov's story "The Night of Healing", the author tells about the boy Borka, who comes to his grandmother for the holidays. The old woman often sees wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will only start talking in the evening, and you shout:“ Be silent! She stops. We tried". Borka is going to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was flooded with pity and pain”, as soon as he heard the groans of his grandmother. He can no longer follow reasonable advice, he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka soothes the grandmother until she falls asleep peacefully. He is willing to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of ​​the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.

A. Aleksin tells about the same in the story “In the meantime, somewhere ...” The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.

Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.

(390 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)

“Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” Chamfort argued. And indeed, there is grief from the mind. Making a reasonable decision at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of the mind, he feels unhappy.

Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." talks about a boy named Sergey Emelyanov. The protagonist accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her misfortune. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik does not even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him from childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother with goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but considers it reasonable to live with her newly found parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik inflicts a cruel blow on the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her inexpressible pain. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can cause grief.

A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about it, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the shop and receive a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrifices his feelings for reason: he refuses his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik's father feels deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This is not the kind of life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.

(398 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world - reason or feeling?”

What rules the world - reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that the mind dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is the feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is the feelings that make him create, invent, change the world. If there were no feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.

Let us recall the novel by J. London "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became a famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to tirelessly create? The answer is simple: it is the feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. In order to win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures need and hunger on the way to writing. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the heights. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor, would not have written his outstanding works.

Let's turn to another example. The novel by V. Kaverin "Two Captains" describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to go to his goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was driven by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he "carelessly handled state property." In fact, Nikolai Antonovich was the true culprit, because of which most of the equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to tireless searches and ultimately led to a historical discovery.

Summing up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase the famous phrase of Turgenev, we can say that only they keep and move life. Feelings induce our mind to create something new, to make discoveries.

(309 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)

Reason and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no single answer to this question. Of course, it happens that the mind and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask ourselves such questions. It's like air: while it's there, we don't notice it, but if it's not enough... However, there are situations when mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably, every person at least once in his life felt that his "mind and heart are out of tune." An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: reason or heart.

So, for example, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." we see the confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father offers him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. All this is quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings underlie our being. I would like them to balance each other, allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.

(388 words)

Direction "Honor and dishonor"

An example of an essay on the topic: "How do you understand the words" honor "and" dishonor "?

Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many thought about what these words mean. Honor is a sense of self-worth, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Many writers have addressed the theme of honor and dishonor. So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.

Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt acutely and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "

And now Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that even Rybak is trying to find an excuse for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor chosen by Rybak is a path to nowhere.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

(610 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?"

In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this issue, one cannot but come to the conclusion that both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Thus, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by embarking on the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures severe torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains self-respect and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out a stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people are manifested. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is a synonym for cowardice and betrayal.

The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during the war. The need to pass a test of moral strength may arise before everyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect one's dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov tells about this in the story “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”. The narrator was regularly the victim of stronger classmates who regularly took away from him not only breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took her from me. He took everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero was not just sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the awareness of his own weakness, was unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not defeat the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: one must be able to defend one's honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome spiritual weakness, we will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

(363 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "What does it mean to walk the path of honor?"

What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let us turn to the explanatory dictionary: "Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride." Walking the path of honor means standing up for your moral principles no matter what. The right path can be fraught with the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.

Let us turn to the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of the commandant Muller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only for his own death as a deliverance from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior in this way: “I wanted to show them, damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into cattle, like didn't try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death, honor and dignity must be preserved.

It is not only a soldier who must follow the path of honor in time of war. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. In almost every class there is a tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he delights in torturing the weak. What to do to someone who is constantly faced with humiliation? To endure dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story "Clean Pebbles". The writer talks about Mihaska, an elementary school student. He more than once became a victim of Savvatei and his cronies. The hooligan was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything that he liked. Moreover, he did not miss the opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook from a bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after moving a few steps later, throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots about them.” Savvatei specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study until the fourth grade and the guys are all small.” Mikhaska experienced more than once what humiliation means: once Savvatei took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska's father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatei ran a “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless opponent, before whom the whole school, even adults, trembled. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvatea, but suddenly he retreated. He retreated because he felt Mihaska's inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity to the end. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend one's honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.

Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. So, Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile allusions. Grinev could not bear it. As a decent man, he went to the duel and was ready to die, but to defend the honor of the girl.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.

(582 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "Honor is more precious than life"

In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that easy. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to go to death in the name of honor and duty?

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not disgrace the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all frankness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty can cost him his life, but the feeling of long and honor prevails in him over fear. The sincerity and courage of the hero so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.

Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not sparing even his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones, family. It is impossible to meekly endure an insult, even if it is inflicted by a person who is higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor above all.

M.Yu. tells about it. Lermontov in "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov". The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. The offended woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t let me, your faithful wife, / Evil swindlers in reproach!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the royal favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more precious than even life itself:
Yes, a brave heart cannot bear it.
How tomorrow will be a fistfight
On the Moscow River in the presence of the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength ...
And indeed, Kalashnikov goes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, this is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle not for life, but for death:
Not to joke, not to make people laugh
I came out to you, son of a fool, -
I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and he is ready to die for it:
I will stand up for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, having washed away the insult with blood. However, fate prepares a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could justify himself, tell the king why he killed the guardsman, but did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly dishonoring the honest name of his wife. He is ready to go to the block, defending the honor of the family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and you need to protect him, no matter what.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.

(545 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: "To deprive another of the honor means to lose one's own"

What is dishonor? On the one hand, this is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is also brought on by a seemingly strong person if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker ones, humiliate the defenseless.

So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, slanders her in revenge, allows himself insulting allusions to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that it is not necessary to seek Masha's favor with verses, hints at her accessibility: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings. My blood boiled.
- And why do you think so about her? I asked, holding back my indignation with difficulty.
“Because,” he answered with an infernal grin, “I know from experience her temper and custom.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of an unsullied honor.

Another example is A. Likhanov's story "Clean Pebbles". A character named Savvatey keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The hooligan regularly robs students, mocks them: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after stepping back a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a "dirty, sweaty paw" across the victim's face. Even his “sixes” he constantly humiliates: “Savvatei looked angrily at the guy, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head.” Encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor, dooms him to contempt from others.

(313 words)

There are many such books to name, but when literature shows the consequences of this victory, they are most often destructive, and in some cases ridiculous. The theme of reason in literature was largely inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, but not only did not linger, but caused a sharp reaction and a general disappointment in rationalism in particular and in reason as such. Let's give examples.

"Crime and punishment"- the mind suggests that it is rational to kill the old woman, and wins, and we see what came of it.

"Frankenstein"- the mind tells you that it is rational to try to sew an ideal person from pieces of corpses. It didn’t work out very well either. A hundred years later, Wells will raise the same topic in" Island of Doctor Moreau", and with about the same consequences.

"Catch 22"- almost all the absurdist nonsense of the entire book is created solely on the basis of the victory of formal logic over all human instincts.

At our Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy in " War and peace"- the mind tells Prince Andrei to wait a year with the wedding, although he has a clear feeling that this is not necessary. Well, that's it.

"House with mezzanine"Chekhov can be interpreted as a contrast between the mind of the cruel Lida and the feelings of the narrator and Missus. Reason wins and destroys the relationship of the latter. In general, Chekhov, of course, mocks sensual natures a lot, but in the end he always justifies them, but he never justifies rational ones.

The victory of rationalism is partly parodied in " Faust Goethe, when Faust hears the sound of spades, and thinks that they are building a dam that will bring great benefits to people - although in fact it is lemurs who are digging his grave.

Enormous volumes were devoted to the chanting of reason in 18th-century poetry, which massively rolled back to the chanting of feelings, and did not come back much.

Etc. Rare examples of a positive assessment of reason due to their now obvious naivety - almost all eventually spilled over into the section of children's literature, although they were initially taken seriously.

The main crown of the literature of rationalism was in its time " Robinson Crusoe". To appreciate the degree of absurdity of what is happening in the book, it really is worth re-reading as an adult: Robinson is actively trying to turn a desert island into an English country club, sends all animals to enclosures, does everything according to a calendar and schedule, and even teaches an island parrot English It is not surprising that the novel served as a torch of colonial enlightenment for a long time. What it all led to - again, we can see. Only not in a book, but quite in life.

The plot looks just as naive now " coral island", in which a bunch of English schoolchildren thrown onto the island organize a typical English colony there. The notorious " Lord of the Flies where they end up roaming the jungle naked, and the chief rationalist Piggy is stoned to death.

And of course, one cannot help but recall Ayn Rand, whose mind justifies such things as rape (" Atlas Shrugged") and undermining a residential complex ready for occupancy (" The Fountainhead"). But, as Rand tries to convince us, he is right everywhere and around.

Such are the apologists.

This is why it all happens. Feelings are well mistaken, and the mind is mistaken very terribly. Feelings are hermetic and consistent, they just exist, and they are inevitable - and the mind is arrogant and dodgy, it tries to live according to the scheme, and it is physically impossible to live according to the schemes. Therefore, even when the heroes of the literature of the 19th century, in a fit of feelings, create some kind of monstrous garbage, no matter how tragic the consequences of these actions, we still internally feel that they are right. Well, what if they, in fact, shook themselves off, thought it over carefully, and decided not to throw themselves under the train? No, it's just like that. It turns out that this is not so that we act in this way, and not in order to listen to the voice of reason - for those who try, everything turns out to be even worse - but to educate in the reader another set of feelings, perhaps more empathic, capable of resolving the situation in some other way.

Essay abstracts

Mind and feelings. These words will be the main motive one of the topics at the graduation essay in 2017.

Can be distinguished two directions on which to discuss this topic.

1. The struggle in a person of reason and feelings, requiring a mandatory choice: act, obeying the surging emotions, or still not lose your head, weigh your actions, be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for others.

2. Reason and feelings can be allies , harmonize in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to emotionally respond to everything that happens around.

Reflections on the topic: "Mind and feelings"

• It is human nature to choose: to act wisely, considering each step, weighing your words, planning actions, or obey your feelings. These feelings can be very different: from love to hate, from malice to kindness, from rejection to acceptance. Feelings are very strong in a person. They can easily take possession of his soul and consciousness.
• What choice to make in this or that situation: to submit to feelings, which are often still selfish, or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict between these two "elements"? Everyone must answer these questions for himself. And a person also makes a choice on his own, a choice on which not only the future, but life itself can sometimes depend.
• Yes, mind and feelings often oppose each other. Whether a person can bring them into harmony, make sure that the mind is supported by feelings and vice versa - it depends on the will of the person, on the degree of responsibility, on the moral guidelines that he follows.
• Nature has rewarded people with the greatest wealth - the mind, gave them the opportunity to experience feelings. Now they themselves must learn to live, being aware of all their actions, but at the same time remaining sensitive, able to feel joy, love, kindness, attention, not to succumb to anger, enmity, envy and other negative feelings.
• One more thing is important: a person who lives only by feelings is, in fact, not free. He subordinated himself to them, to these emotions and feelings, whatever they may be: love, envy, anger, greed, fear, and others. He is weak and even easily controlled by others, those who want to take advantage of this human dependence on feelings for their own selfish and selfish purposes. Therefore, feelings and mind must exist in harmony, so that feelings help a person to see the whole gamut of shades in everything, and the mind to respond correctly, adequately to this, not to drown in the abyss of feelings.
• Learning to live in harmony between your feelings and your mind is very important. A strong personality, living according to the laws of morality and morality, is capable of this. And you don’t need to listen to the opinion of some people that the world of the mind is boring, monotonous, uninteresting, and the world of feelings is comprehensive, beautiful, bright. The harmony of mind and feelings will give a person immeasurably more in the knowledge of the world, in self-awareness, in the perception of life in general.