Jan 24 2011
The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin for 8 years. It describes the events of the first quarter of the 19th century, that is, the time of creation and the time of the novel approximately coincide. Reading it, we understand what is unique, because earlier in the world there was not a single novel in verse. The lyrical-epic genre of the work involves the interweaving of two plots - the epic one, the main characters of which are Onegin and Tatyana, and the lyrical one, where the main character is a character called the Author, that is, the lyrical hero of the novel. "Eugene Onegin" is a realistic novel. The method of realism presupposes the absence of a predetermined, initial clear plan for the development of the action: the images of the characters develop not simply by the will of the author, the development is conditioned by those psychological and historical features that are embedded in the images. Concluding chapter VIII, he himself emphasizes this feature of the novel:
- And the distance of free romance
- I'm through the magic crystal
- Still unclear.
Having defined the novel as a “collection of colorful chapters”, Pushkin emphasizes another essential feature of a realistic work: the novel is, as it were, “opened” in time, each chapter could be the last, but it can also have a continuation. Thus, the reader's attention is focused on the independent value of each chapter.
What makes this novel unique is the fact that the breadth of coverage of reality, the multiplot, the description of the distinctive features of the era, its coloring acquired such significance and authenticity that the novel became an encyclopedia of Russian life in the 20s of the last century. Reading the novel, as in an encyclopedia, we can learn everything about that era: about how they dressed and what was in fashion (Onegin’s “wide bolivar” and Tatiana’s crimson beret), the menu of prestigious restaurants that went on in the theater (Didelot’s ballets).
Throughout the action of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all layers of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry. This allows us to speak of "Eugene Onegin" as a truly folk work. Petersburg of that time collected the best minds of Russia. Fonvizin “shone” there, people of art - Knyazhin, Istomina. The author knew and loved St. Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either the “salt of worldly anger”, “neither the necessary impudent ones”. Through the eyes of a resident of the capital, Moscow is also shown to us - the “fair of brides”. Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in the living rooms he notices "incoherent, vulgar nonsense." But at the same time, he loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: “Moscow… how much this sound has merged for the Russian heart” (it should be doubly pleasant for a Muscovite to read such lines).
Russia, contemporary to the poet, is rural. This is probably why the gallery of characters of the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's look at the characters presented to us by Pushkin. The handsome Lensky, "with a soul directly Goettingen", - a romantic of the German warehouse, "an admirer of Kant." But Lensky's poems are imitative. They are parodied through and through, but they do not parody individual authors, but the clichés of romanticism themselves. mother Tatyana is rather tragic: “Without asking for advice, the girl was taken to the crown.” She “rushed and cried at first”, but replaced it with a habit: “She salted mushrooms for the winter, kept expenses, shaved her foreheads.” The appearance of Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" had a huge impact on the further development of Russian literature. It is also important that the protagonist of the novel, as it were, opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Oblomov will continue it.
With the title of the novel, Pushkin emphasizes the central position of Onegin among other heroes of the work. Onegin is a secular young, metropolitan aristocrat who received a typical upbringing for that time under the guidance of a French tutor in the spirit of literature, cut off from national and popular soil. He leads the life of "golden youth": balls, walks along Nevsky Prospekt, visits to theaters. Although Onegin studied "something and somehow", he still has a high level of culture, differing in this respect from the majority of the noble society. Pushkin's hero is a product of this society, but at the same time he is alien to it. The nobility of the soul, the “sharp chilled mind” set him apart from the environment of aristocratic youth, gradually lead to disappointment in the life and interests of secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation: No, his feelings cooled down early, He was bored with the noise of light ...
The emptiness of life torments Onegin, he is overcome by spleen, boredom, and he leaves secular society, trying to engage in socially useful activities. The lordly upbringing, the lack of the habit of work (“hard work was sickening to him”) played a role, and Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. He lives "without purpose, without labor." In the village, Onegin behaves humanely towards the peasants, but he does not think about their fate, he is more tormented by his own moods, a sense of the emptiness of life.
Having broken with secular society and being cut off from the life of the people, he loses contact with people. He rejects the love of Tatyana Larina, a gifted, morally pure girl, unable to unravel the depths of her requests, the originality of nature. Onegin kills his friend Lensky, succumbing to class prejudice, frightened by the "whisper, laughter of fools." In a depressed state of mind, Onegin leaves the village and begins wandering around Russia. These wanderings give him the opportunity to take a fuller look at life, to reassess his attitude to the surrounding reality, to understand how fruitlessly he wasted his life. Onegin returns to the capital and meets the same picture of the life of secular society. Love for Tatyana, now a married woman, flares up in him. But Tatyana has unraveled the selfishness and selfishness underlying the feelings for her, and rejects Onegin's love. With Onegin’s love for Tatyana, Pushkin emphasizes that his hero is capable of moral rebirth, that he is not a person who has cooled off to everything, the forces of life are still boiling in him, which, according to the poet’s plan, should have awakened in Onegin the desire for social activity.
The image of Eugene Onegin opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people”. Following Pushkin, images of Pechorin, Oblomov, Rudin, Laevsky were created. All these images are an artistic reflection of Russian reality.
“Eugene Onegin” is a realistic novel in verse, as it presents the reader with truly living images of Russian people of the early 19th century. The novel gives a broad artistic generalization of the main trends in Russian social development. One can say about the novel in the words of the poet himself - this is in which “the century and modern man are reflected”. “The encyclopedia of Russian life” called Pushkin's novel by V. G. Belinsky.
In this novel, as in an encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era, about the culture of that time: about how they dressed and what was in fashion (”wide bolivar”, tailcoat, Onegin’s vest, Tatiana’s crimson beret), menus of prestigious restaurants (” bloody steak”, cheese, bubbly ai, champagne, Strasbourg pie), what was going on in the theater (Didro’s ballets), who performed (the dancer Istomina). You can even draw up the exact daily routine of a young man. No wonder P. A. Pletnev, a friend of Pushkin, wrote about the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin”: “Your Onegin will be a pocket mirror of Russian youth.”
Throughout the course of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all layers of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry - that is, the whole people. This allows us to speak of "Eugene Onegin" as a truly folk work.
Petersburg of that time was the habitat of the best people in Russia - the Decembrists, writers. There “shone Fonvizin, a friend of freedom”, people of art - Knyaznin, Istomina. The author knew and loved St. Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either “the salt of secular anger”, “necessary fools”, “starched impudent ones” and the like.
Through the eyes of a metropolitan resident, Moscow is shown to us - the “fair of brides”. Moscow is provincial, somewhat patriarchal. Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in the living rooms he notices "incoherent vulgar nonsense." But at the same time, the poet loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: "Moscow ... How much has merged in this sound for the Russian heart." He is proud of Moscow in the 12th year: “Napoleon, intoxicated with his last happiness, waited in vain for Moscow kneeling with the keys of the old Kremlin.”
Contemporary Russia is rural, and he emphasizes this with a play on words in the epigraph to the second chapter. This is probably why the gallery of characters of the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's try to consider the main types of landowners shown by Pushkin. How a comparison immediately suggests itself with another great study of Russian life in the 19th century - Gogol's poem Dead Souls.
The handsome Lensky, “with a heart straight from Gottingham,” a German romantic, “an admirer of Kant,” had not died in a duel, could, in the author’s opinion, have the future of a great poet or, in twenty years, turn into a kind of Manilov and end his life as old Larin or Uncle Onegin.
The tenth chapter of Onegin is completely devoted to the Decembrists. Pushkin unites himself with the Decembrists Lunin and Yakushkin, foreseeing "in this crowd of nobles the liberators of the peasants." The appearance of Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" had a huge impact on the further development of Russian literature. The penetrating lyricism inherent in the novel has become an integral feature of "The Noble Nest", "and the World", "The Cherry Orchard". It is also important that the protagonist of the novel, as it were, opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Rudin, Oblomov.
Need a cheat sheet? Then save it - "The creative history of the creation of the novel" Eugene Onegin ". Literary writings!Grade 9 Lesson 1
ROMAN A.S. PUSHKIN "EUGENE ONEGIN".
REVIEW OF THE CONTENT OF THE NOVEL.
HISTORY OF CREATION. CONCEPT AND COMPOSITION.
"ONEGINSKAYA" STROPHE
Goals: give a general description of the novel, explain the concept of "Onegin" stanza; to acquaint with the opinions of critics about the novel.
During the classes
I. Work on the topic of the lesson.
1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
1) A novel, "... in which the century was reflected ...".
We have come to the pinnacle of Pushkin's poetic creation - the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin".
Did the Eugene Onegin genre surprise you? With contemporaries habitually called it a poem. But for Pushkin "Onegin" is a novel! Can't guess why?
But what is "romance"? W mind you: it is remarkable not so much for its volume as ... Maybe someone will continue?
Are there any origins of the novel ... in the lyrics? Novel - this is, first of all, the deepest and most comprehensive penetration into the "I" of the hero, into his character, the innermost secrets of the personality - what is called psychologism.
Poetry came close to creating a novel. We are accustomed to the prose novel, but it turns out that it was preceded by a poetic one. It turns out that prose is much more complicated!
2) The art of the stanza.
In a letter to P.A. Vyazemsky, whose line opens Chapter I, Pushkin, having barely started Onegin, reported: “I am not writing a novel, but a novel in verse - a diabolical difference!” What does it mean? Is the novel difficult for the writer?.. Or for the reader? How did you feel about the upcoming reading? Were you afraid? Thought it would be boring, tiring? And in fact, throughout the story - eight chapters! - the same size. Define it. Yes, it's iambic 4-foot.
It would seem, what a monotony of rhythm, intonation. But in reality, the lines of the novel sound amazingly diverse, unlike. This is the mystery of Pushkin's poems! How are the chapters structured? They are written in stanzas. Is it easy to create such a lengthy (14 lines!) stanza, which received the name "Onegin"? So far, no poet has been able to repeat it. What is her secret? Why does it give such liveliness and flexibility, dynamics and expressiveness to poetic narration, and why does Pushkin's 4-foot iambic sound so diverse?
2. Reading the article "In the creative laboratory" in the reader, p. 242.
3. Studying the style of the novel.
1) Reading and analysis of Chapter I.
Let's read the first chapter again.
Reading the text by a teacher or a trained student with the words "Not thinking to amuse the proud light ...".
How would you title these lines? "Introduction"? "Prologue"? "Zachin"? AT To some extent, this is all true. But then what is this appeal: “I wish I to present to you / Z a pledge worthy of you ... ": Ch does that mean it's a 2nd person pronoun? No, this is not an ordinary "prologue", not a "beginning", but dedication!
Have you met the works that the author dedicated to someone, and do you understand how he entered literaturecustom of initiation? Why did Pushkin dedicate Onegin to "someone"? D but, the poet explains it right away: “Loving the attention of friendship,” and how Pushkin knew how to be friends (maybe like no other!), It is well known. But the question is: who was awarded this honor - to be the "addressee" of Pushkin's novel? Delvig, Kuchelbecker, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky? The list of all Pushkin's friends would be very extensive. But here's what's interesting: the poet does not name the person to whom the novel is dedicated. Why? Perhaps, for Pushkin, initiation was a "guarantee of friendship" not related to a specific person?
What was the novel for Pushkin, how did he write (strive to write!) its chapters? And why did the “collection of motley chapters” in the “dedication” stretch over several lines?
Who did you feel, hear, discover in the first chapter? Is it only the hero of the novel? No, we feel and hear the Author, his presence in the novel. Often the poet's confession pushes the hero aside.
Do you agree with the great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky, perhaps the most insightful reader, who noted that “Eugene Onegin” is “Pushkin’s most sincere creation”, “the favorite child of his imagination”?
2) This "strange" Onegin.
Why did the poet choose the hero's monologue for stanza I?
- Imagine in Onegin's place one of his peers, Molchalin for example ... How would he feel on the way to his dying uncle?
- Onegin and his "environment": how did the poet capture them?
- How does Pushkin's narrative change in the lines about the attitude of "light" to Onegin?
- What is hidden in the keyword "pedant", and even with the conjunction "but"?
- Is the image of Onegin static in Chapter I, or does the hero of the novel change?
Yes, something strange is happening to him, but what? Why is the "dandy" Onegin, an impeccable secular youth, becoming ... unrecognizable?
- What words would you convey the author's "sympathy" to Onegin in Chapter I?(“But was my Eugene happy? ..”)
- What is the lexical originality of Chapter I? What words does she use?(Homer, Theocritus, Juvenal, Adam Smith.)
Let's, together with the heroine of the novel, Tatyana, take the risk of going to Onegin's office (alas, in the absence of the owner).
Reading XIX, XXII stanzas of the seventh chapter.
- Compare the stanzas of chapters I and VII. Did the world of Onegin open up to you?
- Is Onegin alone in Pushkin's lines? Why does the Author appear next to him every now and then?
– And in what kind of “relationship” are the Author and his hero? Compare them.
- How are the "Onegin stanzas" and the author's confession written?
Imagine: in the novel there would be no stanzas that we call “lyrical”, it would be “easier” for us to follow Onegin’s feelings and activities, nothing would distract from the plot ... Would the novel win?
"Dedication" is a kind of key to the poetic world of the novel, its reading. We note the lyricism and irony of Chapter I, its dialogism, the author's casual conversation with the reader about the hero and about himself. And the reader becomes an involuntary "interlocutor" of the poet, understands that Onegin is a tragic character, feels the brokenness of the hero in the piercing psychological details (“languishing with spiritual emptiness ...”) and the discontinuity of the poetic narrative (“I read, read, but all to no avail ...”). We are amazed at the harmony, the ideality of Pushkin's "I", sounding in the ardor of confessions, the innocence of lyricism, the rhythmic-intonational and syntactic unity of the stanza (“Magic land. There in the old days ...”, “Brilliant, half-air ...”, “I remember the sea before a thunderstorm …”).
4. Working with textbook materials.
- WITH compare the views of Belinsky and Pisarev on the novel (the controversy is connected with the image of Onegin). Whose position is closer and more understandable to you, and why does the author, being the lyrical hero of the novel, show his spiritual kinship with Onegin?
II. Summary of the lesson.
Homework:read an article in the textbook-reader "Realism" (p. 214); task in rows: “My idea of: 1) Lensky; 2) Tatyana; 3) Onegin.
Grade 9 Lesson 2
IMAGES OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF THE NOVEL
"EUGENE ONEGIN". MAIN STORY LINE AND LYRICAL DIRECTIONS.
Goals: to acquaint with the system of images of the novel, the features of the plot; teach text processing.
During the classes
I. Implementation of homework.
1. Conversation.
- What is the role of non-plot and secondary characters?
– What allows the author to combine them all in one novel?(Onegin, after whom the novel is named, is the main, central character. This is certainly, but he, like a magnet, attracts other, seemingly secondary, heroes who help to reveal the character of the “spiritual thirst” of the tormented Eugene. All these fates and characters created a unique image - the image of Russian society in the first quarter of the 19th century)
2. Students' speeches with citation (homework in rows).
II. Work on the topic of the lesson.
The dramatic fates of the heroes of the novel are a reflection of the fates of the best people of Pushkin's time.
- invisibly present always and everywhere;
- takes part in the fate of the heroes;
- shares his thoughts and feelings with readers;
- talks about the manners and morals of society.
1. Analysis of the central images of the novel.
1) Lensky.
- Why are the lines about the arrival of Lensky so significant? What is his role in the novel?
Why does Pushkin introduce Vladimir Lensky into the novel?
- Lensky is a poet. How did Pushkin give us the work of a young poet?
- Try to define the genre of "Lensky's poems."
– Why does the author of the novel initially speak ironically not only about Lensky’s work, but also about romanticism in general: “So he wrote darkly and sluggishly, which we call romanticism ...” (after all, until recently Pushkin himself was an orthodox romantic!), and then refuses Lensky’s poems in romanticism, simultaneously ironically over the naive idea of his contemporaries about romantic poetry ("Although there is nothing romantic / H I see; so what's in it for us?")?
2) Onegin is a problematic hero, a “hero of time”.
- His personality was formed in the St. Petersburg secular environment. In Chapter I, we already learned from the prehistory the main social factors that determined the character of Onegin: the upbringing of children from the upper strata of the nobility, accepted in those years, teaching “something and somehow”, the first steps in the world, the experience of a “monotonous and motley” life within 8 years.
In his early youth, Onegin is "a good fellow, like you and me, like the whole world."
His character is shown in motion, in development. Already in Chapter I, we see a turning point in his fate: he was able to abandon the stereotypes of secular behavior, from the noisy, but internally empty "ritual of life."
- Remember the seclusion of Onegin: his undeclared conflict with the high society in Chapter I and with the society of village landowners - in Chapters II-VI.
- Find the words that you would say about Onegin and Lensky, comparing them, and make a dictionary of antonyms:
Onegin Lensky
… …
… …
- Who benefits from the antithesis: Onegin - Lensky? How do we see Lensky and Onegin in friendship? Onegin did not stand the test of friendship. The reason is his inability to "live by feeling".
This is how Pushkin describes his state before the duel:
He could find feelings
Don't bristle like a beast...
At Tatyana's name day, he also showed himself to be a "ball of prejudice", deaf to the voice of his own heart and to Lensky's feelings. Only after the murder of Lensky did Onegin take possession of the "anguish of heartfelt remorse."
- And how did Onegin show himself in his relationship with Tatyana?
You can’t order your heart, you can’t blame the hero for not responding to Tatyana’s love. But as a noble and spiritually subtle person, he was able to see in the “maiden in love” genuine and sincere feelings, lively, and not bookish passions. However, the meaning of love is exhausted for him by the "science of tender passion" or the "home circle" that limits the freedom of man. And in love, he listens not to the voice of his heart, but to the voice of reason, does not believe in love, is not yet capable of falling in love (p. 168 of the reader).
And only tragedy (the death of Lensky) was able to open to him a previously inaccessible world of feelings.
- What is the significance of the meeting of Tatyana and Onegin in St. Petersburg?
This is a new stage in the spiritual development of the hero: he was transformed, having experienced a real feeling for the first time, but it turned out to be a love drama for him; now Tatyana cannot (without violating her marital duty) respond to his belated love.
Now his mind is defeated, he loves, "mind not listening to strict penalties." He "almost lost his mind or became a poet ..."
It is love and friendship, according to Pushkin, that a person is tested, it is they who reveal the richness of the soul or its emptiness.
3) "Tatiana's dear ideal ...".
- Are Larina's sisters needed in the novel? How are the characters included in the novel?
Why do they make such a contrasting impression? Moreover, each of them can win over, fall in love with the reader or, on the contrary, in some way warp ...
- Why is Olga “sweet” for some, while others could not get rid of an ironic smile when reading about her?
- What, perhaps, was the attitude of the poet towards Olga with particular sharpness?
– Is Olga necessary in the novel?
- How does Tatyana enter the novel?
- In what confession is Pushkin's attitude towards Tatyana expressed? What is this apology for? Pardon me : I love so much…"? In what line will this Pushkin's love for the heroine of the novel resonate?
- "Tatiana's dear ideal ...". Is the image of Tatyana really ideal?
- Why are the lines dedicated to Tatyana so fascinating? Can they be set to music?
- P. I. Tchaikovsky, creating the opera "Eugene Onegin", originally intended to name it after the heroine of the novel - "Tatyana Larina", designating the genre of his work as "lyrical scenes"; is it justified?
- Tatyana amazed and even scared her contemporaries with her "strangeness". And you?
- What is the world of Tatyana? How does the poet finish it in the last chapters of the novel? Is it by chance that "Tatyana has a wonderful dream"? Why is this dream so scary? Reread the third stanza of Chapter V:
But maybe this kind
The pictures won't attract you...
Why this retreat?
- Remember the “Moscow” pages of the seventh chapter: is it by chance that Tatyana ends up in Moscow, is it only the “bride fair” that explains her appearance in the capital? And why exactly on these pages we hear: “Moscow! How much in this sound ... "?
– And which pages dedicated to the poet’s favorite heroine are especially captivating?
Reading by heart "Letters of Tatyana" by a trained student.
What is the most amazing thing about him?
- Do the intonation, the meaning of the Pushkin novel change after Tatiana's confession?
- What is the tragedy of the image of Tatyana?
In the loneliness of the heroine and the doom of her romantic love. Tatyana's letter is an act of fearlessness and despair of love, it is the embodiment of the heroine's "ideality".
What about Onegin's Letter? Which of his lines shocked you the most?
– Compare two letters: which one is more tragic, poetically stronger?
- The apotheosis of the image of Tatyana (pp. 171-174 of the textbook). How did the poet convey the changes in her? How do you explain them?
- Well - Tatyana, "legislator of the hall", obeyed the "light"?
- Why is the monologue “And to me, Onegin, this splendor ...” (p. 173, stanza XLVI) so shocking. Why are these lines so touching, remain in memory?
The image of Tatyana is the pinnacle of the psychological realism of Pushkin's poetry. And the novel itself begins the history of the Russian realistic novel.
2. Drawing up a reference scheme.
3. Analysis of the features of the plot of the novel.
I feature:
II feature
III feature:
The image of the narrator pushes the boundaries of the conflict - the novel includes Russian life of that time in all its manifestations.
III. Summary of the lesson.
Homework:
1) by heart excerpts from the letters of Onegin and Tatyana (at the choice of students);
2) question 17 (p. 249) - orally (about illustrations for the novel);
3) prepare for the final test on the work of A. S. Pushkin.
"Eugene Onegin". History of creation. The idea, genre and composition of the novel.
Goals: 1) to acquaint students with the creative history of the novel "Eugene Onegin"; to show that "Eugene Onegin" is the first realistic novel; give the concept of the "Onegin stanza"
2) to develop the artistic taste of students; develop note-taking skills;
3) to cultivate interest in the work and personality of the writer.
"This is my best creation"
“Now I am not writing a novel, but a novel in verse - a diabolical difference”
“I am writing it with rapture that has not been with me for a long time.”
A. S. Pushkin
1 . « Onegin "is Pushkin's most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination" V. G. Belinsky
Unique a work that has no genre analogues either in Russian or in world literature;
First realistic novel in Russian literature;
An exceptional phenomenon onbreadth of coverage of Russian reality the first decades of the 19th century;
Deep National a novel on historical fidelity and completeness of characters;
Deep lyrical work. This is a diary novel from which we learn about Pushkin no less than about his heroes;
Lyrical and epic here they are equal (the epic is the plot, and the lyrical is the author's attitude to the plot, characters, reader)
Its images and individual details can be used for characteristics era and historian and researcher of Russian life.
Start of work - 1823, Chisinau, Odessa.
End of work - 1830, Boldino
7 years 4 months 17 days, as Pushkin calculated on 09/26/30.
Chapter II - in October 1826,
Chapter III - in October 1827,
IV and V chapters - at the beginning of 1828,
VI - in March 1828,
VII - in March 1830,
VIII - in January 1832 (later excluded by the Pushkins, which became the appendix "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey"),
Chapter IX - now VIII.
In March 1833 the whole book was published.
Chapter X was encrypted and burned by the author.
The original idea for 7 years has changed a lot. At first, Pushkin wanted Onegin to die.
The first chapter was published as a separate book in 1825 and caused a lot of controversy. The full text was published in 1833 with a circulation of 2500 copies.
Pushkin originally planned to write 13 chapters. Toward completion, he decided to write only 10 chapters. However, only 8 chapters were released. Pushkin burned chapter 10 because he was afraid of censorship, chapter 9 was moved to the place of the 8th chapter. And the 8th chapter was published separately. Thus, the novel "Eugene Onegin" was published in 8 chapters.
Pushkin did not count on the possibility of the appearance of "Onegin" in print. There is nothing to think about my poem ... If someday it will be printed, then, of course, not in Moscow or St. Petersburg ... I don’t know if poor Onegin will be allowed in
into the heavenly kingdom of printing; just in case, I’ll try ... ”,“ .. To print Onegin, I ... am ready even in the loop, ”- he wrote in 1823 - 1824 to Vyazemsky, Bestuzhev, A.I. Turgenev.
3
. In the preface to the first chapter, Pushkin writes:
"Collection of colorful chapters
Half funny, half sad
Common people, ideal ... "
Novel in verse, or "big poem", "free" novel- unheard of before genre in Russian literature, connecting two principles - lyrical (the inner world of the author through the image of spiritual processes) and epic (objective being, independent of the author). Thus, the characters, their destinies and relationships serve to reveal the author as a person.
Author - Pushkin himself. He constantly intervenes in the course of the story, reminds of himself (“But the north is harmful to me”), makes friends with Onegin (“The conditions of light, having overthrown the burden, how he lagged behind the hustle and bustle, I made friends with him at that time, I liked his features” ), in his lyrical digressions, shares with readers his reflections on a variety of life issues, expresses his worldview position. The author in some places breaks the course of the narrative and introduces metatextual elements into the text (“The reader is already waiting for the rhyme “rose” - here, take it soon”).
5 .Pushkin sets himself the task of depicting an entire historical era, showing the life of Russia behind fictional characters, pictures of everyday life and customs. Belinsky would later define this in words "Encyclopedia of Russian life". " In his poem, he was able to touch on so many things, to hint about so many things that he belongs exclusively to the world of Russian nature, to the world of Russian society, ”wrote Belinsky.
What issues are covered in the novel?
The fate of the best representatives
noble youth in the 20s. 19th century
True and imaginary life values
The inner freedom of a thinking person
and the dictates of secular society
Finding the meaning of life
Love and duty
The ideal of feminine beauty
6. Composition. The basic principle of the organization of the novel is symmetry (specularity).
Repetition of one plot situation in chapters 3 and 8: meeting - letter - explanation. At the same time, Onegin and Tatyana seem to change places.
Petersburg plays a framing role
The axis of symmetry is Tatiana's dream.
Antithesis parts of the novel is associated with the disclosure of one or another image. Petersburg - Onegin, the village - Tatyana.
Main compositional unit - chapter. Each new chapter is a new stage in the development of the plot. Stanza(14 lines - "Onegin stanza » = 4+4+4+2; abab ssdd effe gg, i.e. cross + steam room + ring + couplet. Iambic tetrameter, - \) is a small work complete in meaning and form.
This complexity makes the Onegin stanza extremely flexible in terms of conveying the most diverse shades of thought, the most diverse intonation moves, etc. Literary Encyclopedia
Lyrical digressions connected with the plot of the novel (large lyrical digressions - 27 and small lyrical inserts - 50).
The compositional role of the landscape- to show the passage of time, to characterize the spiritual world of the characters.
Insert episodes:
Tatyana's dream
folklore elements
The role of a household item
The novel has two plot lines.
| Onegin - Tatiana | Onegin - Lensky |
| Acquaintance at the evening at the Larins Conversation with the nanny, letter to Onegin Explanation in the garden in two days Dream of Tatyana. name day Tatyana in Onegin's house Departure for Moscow Meeting at a ball in St. Petersburg two years later Evening at Tatiana's. Letter to Tatyana. Explanation | Acquaintance in the village Conversation after the evening at the Larins Tatyana's name day |
The main character is Eugene Onegin, "my friend", as Pushkin says about him.
Onegin - " suffering egoist", who is stifled by the "inactivity and vulgarity of life." Belinsky
Onegin - " clever uselessness”, the hero of time, whom you constantly find near you or in yourself. Herzen.
Onegin - " Mitrofanushka Prostakov of the new formation». Pisarev.
Image system
| Representatives of certain categories of society |
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| Onegin Elite Extra person | Tatyana Patriarchal nobility The ideal of the Russian soul | Lensky Nobility romantic consciousness |
| Invisibly present always and everywhere Takes part in the fate of heroes Shares your thoughts and feelings with the reader Discusses the manners and morals of society |
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He is a friend of Onegin, whom he met and became friends with in St. Petersburg. He loves Tatyana and "holy guards" her letter to Onegin. He has preserved Lensky's poems "Where, where have you gone."
Talking about his friends and acquaintances, the author does not remain an indifferent contemplator of the events of their lives, a calm observer. He takes an active part in their fate, responds to their experiences, speaks of them with love, and even ironically, sometimes severely condemns the behavior of the hero (for example, Onegin for accepting a challenge to a duel).
In lyrical digressions, he talks about his lyceum years, about exile, about life in the village, shares his plans and thoughts with the reader, speaks out on social and domestic issues, about literature, about the theater, draws pictures of nature.
The image of the poet appears as the very tone of the narration, an assessment of the phenomena of life: a critical attitude towards serfdom, a satirical depiction of the nobility, a condemnation of the noble intelligentsia from the national soil ...
In a word, in the words of Belinsky, Pushkin's novel “has for us, Russians, great historical and social significance” as "the first national work of art", which put "a solid foundation for new Russian poetry, new Russian literature."
On house: written response according to the plan:
Genre "novel in verse"
"Onegin stanza"
Character system
Hero Prototypes
| The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky | The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky |
| Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky | The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky |
| The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky | The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky |
| The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky | The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" Genre "novel in verse" Features of the composition, "mirror symmetry" "Onegin stanza" Character system Hero Prototypes The meaning of the novel, evaluation of the novel by V. G. Belinsky |
The plot of "Eugene Onegin"
Any literary work is unthinkable without a love story. In "Eugene Onegin" she is in the relationship between Onegin and Tatyana Larina. First, the girl falls in love with Eugene, but turns out to be unnecessary to him, then he seeks reciprocity, but Tatyana is already married
Another storyline of the novel is the conflict between friends Onegin and Lensky, which ended in a duel.
Description of the novel "Eugene Onegin"
The ruler is weak and cunning
Bald dandy, enemy of labor
Inadvertently warmed by fame
Then ruled over us
…………………….
The idea of the work and its embodiment in the novel "Eugene Onegin"
"Eugene Onegin" is a novel with a unique creative destiny. Especially for this work, A. S. Pushkin came up with a special stanza that had not previously been seen in world poetry: 14 lines of three quatrains with cross, adjacent, ring rhymes and a final couplet. Used in this novel, she received the name "Onegin".
The exact dates for the creation of the work are known: the beginning of work - May 9, 1823 in the southern exile, the end of the novel - September 25, 1830 In Boldin autumn. In total, work on this work continued for seven years, but even after 1830, the author made changes to the novel: in 1831, the last, eighth, chapter was rewritten, and Onegin's letter to Tatiana was also written.
The original intent of the novel has changed significantly. The plan for writing "Eugene Onegin", compiled and written down by Pushkin, initially included nine chapters, divided by the author into three parts.
The first part consisted of 3 chapters-songs: Spleen, Poet, Young lady (which corresponded to chapters 1, 2, 3 of the novel in the final version). The second part included 3 chapters-songs called Village, Name Day, Duel (which is identical to chapters 4, 5, 6 of the printed novel). The third part, completing the novel, included 3 chapters: Moscow (Song VII), Wandering (Song VIII), Great Light (Song IX).
Ultimately, Pushkin, adhering to his plan, wrote two parts, placing excerpts from Chapter VIII in an appendix to the novel and calling it Onegin's Journey. As a result, chapter IX of the novel became the eighth. It is also known that Pushkin conceived and wrote Chapter X on the emergence of secret Decembrist societies in Russia, but then burned it. Only seventeen incomplete stanzas remain of it. Confirming this idea of the author, our great classic in 1829, a year before the end of the novel, said that the main character must either die in the Caucasus or become a Decembrist.
"Eugene Onegin" is the first realistic novel in Russian literature. The very genre of this realistic work is original, which the poet himself in a letter to P.A. Vyazemsky called "a novel in verse." This genre allowed the author to combine the epic depiction of life with deep lyricism, the expression of the feelings and thoughts of the poet himself. A.S. Pushkin created a unique novel, which in form resembles a casual conversation with the reader.
Such a manner of presentation in the novel allowed Pushkin to comprehensively show the life and spiritual searches of the hero of his novel as a typical representative of the Russian noble intelligentsia of the 20s. XIX century. The action of the novel includes the period from 1819 to 1825, showing a picture of the life of the nobility and common people in the first half of the 19th century in the capitals and provinces on the eve of the Decembrist uprising of 1825. A. S. Pushkin reproduced in this novel the spiritual atmosphere of society, in which a type of nobleman was born, who shared the views of the Decembrists and joined the uprising.