Leonid Gozman, co-chairman of the Just Cause party, confirmed that Gaidar died at his home at 4 am today. "Yegor Timurovich has died, I can't tell you the details yet," RIA Novosti quoted Gaidar Volkov's assistant as saying. The funeral is expected to take place on Saturday, December 19th. This was announced by Anatoly Chubais, director general of the state corporation Rosnano. He noted that it has not yet been decided in which cemetery E. Gaidar will be buried. However, relatives turned to the authorities with a request to bury Ye. Gaidar at the Novodevichy cemetery. The farewell ceremony will take place at the Central Clinical Hospital.
Gaidar was one of the initiators of Russian economic reforms in the government of Russia's first president, Boris Yeltsin, and is considered one of the ideologists of market reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the author of "shock therapy." In the past, he served as Minister of Economy and Finance, Prime Minister.
Before the collapse of the USSR, Yegor Gaidar made a party career, working in high positions in the newspaper "Pravda" and in the magazine of the Central Committee of the CPSU "Communist". Author of several articles on economics. Participated in the development of economic reforms of the perestroika period (an expert of the State Commission on the possibilities of economic reforms).
According to journalist Alexander Khinshtein, in 1990, Gaidar, while working as the head of the economics department of the Pravda newspaper, did not miss Ruslan Khasbulatov's economic article with the wording "The author actually advocates the market, and the market in the Soviet Union is unnecessary and impossible for anyone."
Recently, he has been engaged in research work at the Institute for the Economy in Transition headed by him.
Yegor Gaidar is survived by his wife, three sons and a daughter.
Yegor Gaidar - Biography
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow into the family of a military correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar. Both grandfathers of Yegor Gaidar - Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov - are famous writers.
In 1978, Gaidar graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, in November 1980 he completed his postgraduate studies at Moscow State University. In graduate school at Moscow State University, Gaidar studied under the guidance of Academician Stanislav Shatalin, who is considered not only his teacher, but also an ideological associate. After graduating from graduate school, Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on estimated indicators in the economic accounting system of enterprises.
In 1980-1986, Gaidar worked at the All-Union Research Institute for System Research of the State Committee for Science and Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1986-1987, he was a leading researcher at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he worked under the guidance of Academician Lev Abalkin, who later became Deputy Union Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov
Already in 1982, Gaidar met Anatoly Chubais (later the main ideologist of privatization), having been invited to St. Petersburg to speak at "Chubais" economic seminars. According to other sources, Gaidar met Chubais and Pyotr Aven (in the future - a big businessman) in 1983-1984, when he participated in the work of a state commission that studied the possibilities of economic transformations in the USSR.
On August 19, 1991, after the start of the GKChP coup, Gaidar announced his withdrawal from the CPSU and joined the defenders of the White House. During the August events, Gaidar met with the State Secretary of the Russian Federation Gennady Burbulis.
Gaidar is known as one of the ideologists and leaders of the radical economic reforms of the early 1990s in Russia. In 1991-1994, he held high positions in the Russian government (including acting chairman of the government). He was also a deputy of the State Duma of the first (1993-1995) and third (1999-2003) convocations.
He served as chairman of the government of Russia from June 15 to December 15, 1992. By the time the Gaidar government began its work, a powerful commodity distribution system was operating in the country. In industry, this function was largely performed by Gossnab.
Gaidar was one of the key participants in the reforms that changed the economic system in Russia. In particular, under the leadership of Gaidar, retail prices were liberalized and the privatization process began. Price liberalization led to a surge in inflation and led to the loss of savings by the population in Sberbank. On the other hand, the introduction of pricing freedom launched market mechanisms in the Russian economy.
Under the price reform undertaken under the leadership of the last Soviet Prime Minister Valentin Pavlov in 1991, 40 percent compensation for household deposits and government bonds was credited to so-called special accounts. From each such account, according to the decree of the President of the USSR of March 22, 1991 No. UP-1708, it was allowed to withdraw no more than 200 rubles no earlier than July 1 of the same year, and the remaining amounts were supposed to be frozen for three years with an accrual of 7% per annum. The same decree lifted restrictions on the withdrawal of money from accounts, introduced simultaneously with the exchange of 50- and 100-ruble banknotes three months earlier.
On February 27, 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree No. 196, according to which restrictions on the use of special accounts were lifted from March 30 of the same year. For other accounts and deposits, withdrawal restrictions were not introduced.
Contrary to the government's assertions that it had a well-thought-out program and that the results were in line with expectations, the scale of hyperinflation turned a significant part of the population against reforms. The Gaidar government pursued a policy of market reforms in the economy, despite the fact that Gaidar himself and other members of this government were members of the CPSU in the recent past.
Boris Nemtsov, when he was the head of the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region, considered the Russian government under Yegor Gaidar to be incompetent, and he assessed the reforms carried out by him as "sluggish schizophrenia." Nemtsov recommended that Gaidar be replaced by Grigory Yavlinsky or Arkady Volsky.
In June 1994, Gaidar became chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party (he remained the leader of the party until May 2001). Colleagues in the FER gave him a playful nickname - "Iron Winnie the Pooh" - for his characteristic appearance, unbending character and increased efficiency.
In December 1998, the Russian liberal democrats united in the Right Cause public bloc, whose leadership included Gaidar, Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Boris Fedorov, and Irina Khakamada.
On August 24, Sergei Kiriyenko, Nemtsov and Khakamada announced the creation of an electoral bloc called the Union of Right Forces (SPS). In the 1999 parliamentary elections, Gaidar, on the list of the Union of Right Forces, became a member of the State Duma of the third convocation.
The founding congress of the SPS party took place on May 26, 2001, and Gaidar became one of its co-chairs. After the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the elections in December 2003, Gaidar left the leadership of the party and was no longer included in the new composition of the Presidium of the Political Council of the Union of Right Forces, elected in February 2004 - according to Leonid Gozman, the party's curator for ideology, "Gaidar and Nemtsov remain leaders, without occupying formal posts.
Gaidar was director of the Institute for the Economy in Transition, an honorary professor at the University of California, a member of the editorial board of the Vestnik Evropy magazine, and a member of the advisory board of the Acta Oeconomica magazine.
On November 24, 2006, while attending a conference in Ireland, Gaidar suddenly felt ill and was taken to the hospital with signs of acute poisoning. Journalists noted that this happened the day after Alexander Litvinenko, a former FSB officer, a sharp critic of the Kremlin's policy and personally President Vladimir Putin, died in a London hospital from poisoning with radioactive polonium. However, Gaidar managed to recover and the next day he flew to Moscow, where he continued his treatment. Gaidar declined to comment on suggestions that he was deliberately poisoned.
In September 2008, SPS leader Nikita Belykh resigned as chairman of the party. The reasons for this act of the politician were soon explained: it was reported that the Union of Right Forces would become part of a new right-wing party created by the Kremlin within a few months. Gaidar refused to participate in the creation of a new structure and filed an application for withdrawal from the party. At the same time, according to the politician, he is "not ready to say a word in condemnation" of the position of those who believe that "political structures loyal to the regime, but formally not part of the ruling party" can play a positive role.
However, soon he, together with Chubais and Leonid Gozman, who temporarily headed the Union of Right Forces, called on party members to cooperate with the authorities to create a right-wing liberal party. Insisting on the need for such a step, the authors of the statement admitted that "a democratic regime does not function in Russia." They expressed doubt that the right would in the future "succeed in defending our values in full." "But we certainly will not be forced to defend strangers," the SPS leaders argued.
The media wrote that Gaidar is a man of radical right-wing views in politics and economics. He was the author of the monographs "Economic Reforms and Hierarchical Structures", "State and Evolution", "Anomalies of Economic Growth", "Days of Defeats and Victories", Long Time".
Gaidar was married for the second time to the daughter of the writer Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky, Marianna, whom he met at school. He had three sons - Peter from his first marriage to Irina Smirnova and Ivan and Pavel from his second (Ivan is Marianna's son from her first marriage). In addition, Gaidar had a daughter, Maria, who was born in 1982, when Gaidar and Smirnova were about to divorce. (Based on materials from Wikipedia, Lentapedia and information from open sources.)
After the divorce, Peter began to live with his father and his parents, while Maria stayed with her mother and bore her surname for a long time. Only in 2004 did Gaidar acknowledge his paternity, and she took his last name.
Gaidar in the last interview: Russia is still a country with a market economy
In his last interview - "Novaya Gazeta" - in mid-November 2009, Yegor Gaidar said that Russia is now going through a severe global crisis, which creates risks, including risks to the stability of political institutions. “When a society moves from a regime in which real wages grow at 10% per year for ten years, to a regime where it begins to decline, GDP after a long period of stable growth decreases, a surplus budget is replaced by a deficit one, this has political consequences,” - he said. “In such a situation, a fork in the road arises. The authorities, which previously did not even need large-scale manipulations to regularly win elections, can go two ways. The first is the tightening of the regime, the second is gradual liberalization. risks are created by the choice of the first path," Gaidar said.
He noted that "Russia is not the Soviet Union, the regime is softer, citizens have more freedoms, and most importantly, the economy - with all the "buts" - is still a market one. Yes, the important problem of the division of power and property has not been resolved, but this is not reason to give up."
RBC : Politicians and experts on Gaidar's death
Member of the Public Chamber Alla Gerber said on the radio station "Echo of Moscow" that Yegor Gaidar was a man of the era.
First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Security Gennady Gudkov: "As a human being, I sincerely feel sorry for him. A very ridiculous death for a politician in the prime of his life." He emphasized that this is unexpected news. At the same time, the deputy noted that he did not belong to Y. Gaidar's supporters, but he respected the point of view that he promoted. "I do not approve of much that E. Gaidar did, but I give him his due - he was not a corrupt politician in today's sense of the word," G. Gudkov said. According to the deputy, perhaps Ye. Gaidar and his supporters "expressed not the most correct point of view, but they did it sincerely, not using power as a business."
Governor of the Kirov region Nikita Belykh: "I knew Yegor Timurovich both personally and within the framework of political activities. I can say that this is probably the most profound person in terms of understanding the situation, the most responsible of all the people I have seen, and the most decent," he stressed governor.
"This is not only a great economist, not only a person who took responsibility for the most serious and objectively painful reforms in the country, but also a deeply decent person, there were no halftones for him," N. Belykh noted.
Head of the Liberal Democratic Party Vladimir Zhirinovsky highly appreciated the contribution made by Yegor Gaidar to the development of Russian economic science. In a conversation with journalists, V. Zhirinovsky expressed regret that people like Ye. Gaidar die at such an early age. The leader of the Liberal Democratic Party recalled that he, together with Ye. Gaidar, worked in the State Duma.
"The man died, so let's not talk about our ideological contradictions, but as a scientist-economist he had great achievements," the politician said. According to V. Zhirinovsky, E. Gaidar had the courage to defend his position, which he never hid. As for personal qualities, according to the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, E. Gaidar was a highly erudite person, he could answer any question.
Anatoly Chubais: "Egor Gaidar in the early 90s saved Russia from hunger, civil war and collapse. He was a great man. A great scientist, a great statesman. Few people in the history of Russia and in world history can compare with him in terms of the power of intellect, clarity understanding of the past, present and future, readiness to make the most difficult, but necessary decisions. A huge success for Russia was that in one of the most difficult moments in its history it had Yegor Gaidar," Anatoly Chubais wrote in his official blog, at the beginning In the 1990s, he worked together with E. Gaidar in the Russian government.
Having retired from active political activity in recent years, Ye. Gaidar remained an "intellectual and moral leader," notes A. Chubais. “For me, he was and will forever remain the highest example of honesty, courage and reliability. I will feel this loss all my life,” wrote the head of Rosnano.
Irina Khakamada: "A man of historical proportions has left. It will be very difficult for everyone else when those who know how to take responsibility for mistakes and for all the good things done not only by him, but by the whole country" leave.
Deputy head of the United Russia faction in the State Duma Vladimir Pekhtin: "The death of Yegor Gaidar is a huge loss and loss. Despite the fact that there are various assessments of his activities, the name of Yegor Gaidar is associated with a whole era in the history of Russia, with the era of post-Soviet development, when it was necessary to put the economy in order." According to him, E. Gaidar was a talented economist who, in a rather difficult political and economic situation, made a significant contribution to Russia's transition to a market economy.
In addition to politics, V. Pekhtin noted, E. Gaidar was actively engaged in scientific activities, his numerous works had a significant impact on the development of modern economic science. In conclusion, V. Pekhtin expressed sincere condolences to the relatives and friends of E. Gaidar. "I deeply mourn his passing," he said.
Co-Chairman of the Right Cause Leonid Gozman believes that the history of Russia without the economist and politician Yegor Gaidar would be "more tragic." "Our history would have been different - more terrible, tragic," L. Gozman noted, adding that Y. Gaidar was at the right time in the right place in the early 1990s. According to him, Yegor Gaidar was a great scientist, "a man of fantastic courage, integrity and selflessness."
Leader of the Yabloko Party Sergei Mitrokhin called the death of Yegor Gaidar a great loss for the entire Russian society and the scientific community in particular. "E. Gaidar's death is a great loss for the whole society and the scientific community, because lately he has been engaged in scientific work. Our political views diverged, nevertheless, he played a significant role in the country's history," S. Mitrokhin said.
Russian politician, one of the main leaders and ideologists of the economic reforms of the early 1990s in Russia, founder and director of the Institute for Economic Policy. E. T. Gaidara, author of numerous publications on economics, several monographs on the economic history of Russia and the analysis of the transition from a planned economy to a market economy.
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In 1990, Yegor Gaidar became director of the Institute for Economic Policy, and in 1991 he participated in negotiations in Belovezhskaya Pushcha of three union republics: Russia, and - on the creation of the CIS.
In 1993, Gaidar became a member of the first convocation, then he was a deputy in the Duma of the third convocation.
- Yegor Gaidar was one of the key participants in the events on the part of the government during the 1993 Constitutional crisis and the termination of the activities of the Supreme Soviet of Russia.
- Gaidar Took part in the development of the Tax Code, the Budget Code, the legislation on the Stabilization Fund.
- Organizer of anti-war rallies during.
- Founder and one of the leaders of the parties "Russia" and "Union of Right Forces".
- Head of the Russia's Choice faction in the State Duma of the first convocation (1993-1995)
- Member of the SPS faction of the Duma of the third convocation (1999-2003).
Yegor Gaidar biography
Father, Timur Gaidar (1926-1999) - foreign war correspondent for the Pravda newspaper, rear admiral, son of the famous Soviet writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar from his first wife Lia Lazarevna Solomyanskaya.
Mother - Ariadna Pavlovna Bazhova (born 1925), daughter of the writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov and Valentina Alexandrovna Ivanitskaya. Thus, Yegor Gaidar was the grandson of two famous Soviet writers.
Yegor Gaidar's parents belonged to the 1960s intellectuals who professed democratic views.
As a child, Gaidar lived with his parents in Cuba (from 1962, during the Caribbean crisis, until the autumn of 1964). Ernesto also visited the house in Cuba.
Since 1966, Yegor Gaidar spent part of his time with his parents in Yugoslavia, where he first became interested in the economic problems of reforms. There he was actively involved in chess, played in youth competitions.
In 1971, the family returned to Moscow, and Yegor Gaidar began attending school number 152, which he graduated from with a gold medal 2 years later.
In 1980, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich defended his Ph.D. thesis on the mechanisms of self-financing, joined the ranks of the CPSU, a member of which he remained until the August 1991 coup.
From 1980 to 1986, after graduating from Moscow State University, he was assigned to the Research Institute for System Research, where he began working as part of a group of young scientists.
In 1986, Yegor Gaidar, as part of a group led by Stanislav Shatalin, was transferred to work at the Institute of Economics of the USSR, and in the scientific community, as a result of the policy of publicity announced by Gorbachev, it became possible to discuss issues related to preparations for the transition to market relations.
In October 1991, the economic reform program was presented at the 5th Congress of People's Deputies and received the approval of the delegates. A few days later, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR, in charge of issues of the economic bloc.
From December 1992 to September 1993, Yegor Gaidar was engaged in scientific work. In addition, he advised on economic policy issues. The politician was one of the key figures during the 1993 constitutional crisis as well.
From December 1993 to the end of 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In parallel with this, he headed the Democratic Choice of Russia party.
In 1998, together with Boris Fedorov and Irina Khakamada, he entered the leadership of the Right Cause bloc. The following year, he passed to the State Duma from the SPS party, created by Khakamada and Sergei Kiriyenko.
In 2001, he became one of the co-chairs of the party, after its defeat in the elections in December 2003, he left the leadership, but remained in the Union of Right Forces until 2008.
On November 24, 2006, during a seminar in Dublin, Yegor Gaidar was hospitalized with symptoms of severe poisoning. This story remains not entirely clear. It is only obvious that the consequences of the poisoning hastened his departure.
The death of Yegor Gaidar occurred on December 16, 2009 in his house, located in the village of Uspensky near Moscow, Gaidar was 53 years old.
Family
- First wife - Irina Smirnova, Gaidar married at 22. Daughter - .
In the summer of 2015, she was appointed deputy chairman of the Odessa Regional Administration on the recommendation, and a little later she renounced Russian citizenship.
- Second wife - Marianna Strugatskaya, general son Pavel Gaidar.
Today, many with a shudder recall the dashing 90s, when millions of people were forced to experience all the hardships of the transition period from socialism to capitalism. One of the key figures in the political arena of that time was Yegor Gaidar. Although 5 years have passed since the death of this politician, disputes over the economic reforms carried out according to the plan developed by him still do not subside.
Yegor Gaidar: biography, nationality of parents
The name of this politician in the former USSR was known to every schoolchild, since millions of Soviet children were brought up on the example of the heroes of books written by his grandfather, Arkady Golikov. During the Civil War, he fought in the ranks of the Red Army, and while serving in Khakassia, he got the nickname Gaidar. Later, the writer took him as a surname, which then passed to his son from his second marriage with Leah Lazarevna Solomyanskaya - Timur, and then to his grandson. Thus, Yegor Gaidar's father is Russian only on his father's side, and on his mother's side he has Jewish roots.
Timur Arkadyevich was born in 1926 and devoted his entire life to the Soviet Navy, rising to the rank of Rear Admiral. In parallel with this, he received a second higher education at the Faculty of Journalism of the VPA named after. Lenin, and after completing his military career, he worked as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper abroad. In 1955, he married the daughter of the famous Russian writer P. Bazhov, Ariadna Pavlovna, and in 1956 they had a son, Yegor Gaidar, whose biography, nationality and political activities are described below.
Childhood
Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (biography, the nationality of his parents you already know) was born in Moscow. As already mentioned, he was the grandson of two famous writers. As for the nationality of the politician, he considered himself Russian.
At an early age, Yegor ended up in Cuba, where his father was sent as a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper. There he met Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, who visited the house where Yegor Gaidar's family lived.
In 1966, the boy was taken to Yugoslavia, where he became acquainted with literature banned in the USSR, and also discovered the true, unperverted meaning of the economic works of Marx and Engels.
In 1971, the family returned to the capital, and Yegor Gaidar began to attend school number 152, which he graduated from with a gold medal 2 years later. Having entered the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, the young man began to study the issues of planning in the field of industry, and after receiving it he continued to improve his knowledge in graduate school.
Career and scientific activity in the pre-perestroika period
In 1980, Yegor Timurovich Gaidar defended his Ph.D. thesis on the mechanisms of self-financing, joined the ranks of the CPSU, of which he remained until the August year, and was assigned to the Research Institute for System Research.
There he began to work as part of a group of young scientists headed by the famous Soviet economist Stanislav Shatalin. Soon Gaidar and his colleagues, engaged in a comparative analysis of economic transformations in the countries of the socialist camp, formed a firm conviction in the need for fundamental reforms in the USSR.
In the same period, the scientist met Anatoly Chubais, and a circle of like-minded people formed around them, united by the desire for changes in the economic sphere.
In 1986, Yegor Gaidar, as part of a group led by Shatalin, was transferred to work at the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in the scientific community, as a result of the policy of publicity announced by Gorbachev, it became possible to discuss issues related to preparations for the transition to market relations.
Work in the field of journalism
Gaidar's ideas of liberalizing the economy could have remained unknown to the general public if the scientist had not accepted the offer to become deputy editor of the Kommunist magazine, and a little later, head of the economic department of the Pravda newspaper. During this period of his activity, he actively promotes the idea of reducing budget spending on areas that do not bring tangible benefits. At the same time, at the initial stage of his activity as a journalist, Gaidar was a supporter of gradual reforms that could be carried out within the framework of the existing Soviet system.
Work as Acting Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR
On the famous August night in 1991, Yegor Gaidar participated in the defense of the White House. There he met the State Secretary of the RSFSR G. Burbulis. The latter persuaded B. Yeltsin to entrust the development of a program of economic reforms to the Gaidar group. In October 1991, it was presented at the 5th Congress of People's Deputies and received the approval of the delegates. A few days later, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was appointed deputy chairman of the government of the RSFSR, in charge of the economic bloc, and on June 15, 1992, he became acting prime minister of the Russian Federation. He remained in this post until December 15, 1992 and played a key role in the creation of many state institutions of the Russian Federation, such as the tax and banking systems, customs, the financial market and a number of others. At the same time, today Gaidar's critics blame him for the negative consequences of the reforms: the depreciation of the population's savings, hyperinflation, a decline in production, a sharp decline in the average standard of living, and an increase in income differentiation.
Political and parliamentary crises of 1993
Yegor Gaidar, whose biography contains mention not only of ups and downs, but also of falls, did not receive the support of the deputies of the 7th Congress of People's Deputies on the issue of his appointment as chairman of the country's government. This refusal to approve a politician for one of the most important positions in the state, along with a number of other reasons, led to the beginning of a political crisis.
From December 1992 to September 1993, Yegor Gaidar was engaged in scientific work. In addition, he advised the President of the Russian Federation on economic policy issues. The politician was one of the key figures during the year, a few days before which he was appointed deputy chairman of the Chernomyrdin government. It was he who addressed the Muscovites on television and urged them to gather near the building of the Moscow City Council. As a result, on the night of September 22, barricades appeared on Tverskaya, and by morning the White House was stormed, ending in victory for Yeltsin's supporters.
It soon turned out that Gaidar and Chernomyrdin had fundamental differences on the most important issues of the country's economic policy, so Yegor Timurovich submitted his resignation, having previously explained the motives for his action in a letter to the president.
Further activities
From December 1993 to the end of 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In parallel with this, he headed the Democratic Choice of Russia party. During the Chechen war, the politician Yegor Gaidar opposed the fighting and called on Boris Yeltsin to refuse to run for the next presidential term. However, after the publication of a plan for a peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in Chechnya, the party he leads supported the incumbent head of state.
In 1999, the Union of Right Forces bloc was formed. Gaidar's party also entered it. In the elections held in December this year, he was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation. During his work in the highest legislative body of the country, Gaidar participated in the development of the Budget and Tax Codes.
Death of a politician
In the last years of his life, Yegor Gaidar had certain health problems. In particular, in 2006, he lost consciousness during a public speech in Ireland, was taken to the intensive care unit of one of the local hospitals and stayed there for several days. Since this event took place the day after A. Litvinenko was reported to have been poisoned with polonium, there were rumors in the press that Gaidar was also the victim of an assassination attempt. An investigation was carried out, but no sign of poison was found.
The death of Yegor Gaidar occurred on December 16, 2009 in his house, located in the village of Uspensky near Moscow. The famous scientist-economist at that time was only 53 years old. The children of Yegor Gaidar, in particular his daughter Maria, reported that their father had died of a heart attack. As for the doctors, they named the separation of a blood clot as the reason.
The funeral of the politician took place at the Novodevichy cemetery. Yegor Gaidar's wife and other members of his family did not want to disclose their date, so the burial took place without the presence of strangers.
Personal life
For the first time, Yegor Gaidar married quite early, at the age of 22. Irina Smirnova, whom the politician met at the age of 10, became the chosen one of the 5th year excellent student of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. As Yegor Gaidar himself later admitted, his personal life during his postgraduate studies and in the first years of work at the Research Institute of System Research did not develop. Therefore, even though he had two children in his first marriage, after the birth of his daughter, he began to think about divorce.
Some time later, Gaidar entered into a second marriage with Maria Strugatskaya. Thus, the politician became related to the famous Soviet science fiction writer Arkady Strugatsky, who became his father-in-law, and to the famous sinologist Ilya Oshanin, who was the grandfather of his wife. The second family of Yegor Gaidar lasted until his death, and in this marriage he had a son.
Children of Yegor Gaidar
As already mentioned, from the first marriage, the politician had two children: a son and a daughter. After the divorce of her parents, the girl remained with her mother, while her brother, Peter, Irina Smirnova agreed to leave her husband's parents, who doted on him.
In addition, the second wife of Yegor Gaidar, who had a son from a previous relationship, gave birth to another boy in her second marriage. This happened in 1990, and the child was named Pavel. He is the grandson and great-grandson of Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov.
Thus, the politician has only three biological children and one adopted child.
Maria Gaidar
Of all the children of politics at the moment, the daughter from her first marriage, Maria Gaidar, attracts the greatest interest in herself. After her parents divorced at the age of 3, the girl stayed with her mother, who soon remarried. When Masha was in the third grade, the family moved to Bolivia. Before the trip, the girl's surname was changed, and she became Smirnova. After 5 years, Maria, together with her mother and stepfather, returned to Moscow and began to attend a special school with a Spanish bias. She regained her surname Gaidar only at the age of 22, after graduating from the Academy of National Economy.
Having received a law degree, the girl changed several professions, having worked as a teacher, manager and planning expert, and then Yegor Gaidar's daughter tried herself as a presenter on the O2TV channel, and since 2008 - on the Ekho Moskvy radio station.
In parallel with this, Maria Yegorovna was actively involved in political activities and since 2006 has been a member of the Presidium of the Union of Right Forces. She always adhered to oppositional views and repeatedly became a participant in rallies and marches organized by opponents of the country's current authorities.
On March 26, 2009, the daughter of Yegor Gaidar became, however, in 2011, she announced her resignation due to her desire to continue her education in the United States, at the School of Public Administration. J. Kennedy at Harvard.
After returning from the States, Maria worked for some time in the government of Moscow, and then was nominated for deputies of the Moscow City Duma, but was not registered by the electoral committee due to the discovery of violations in the documents. This decision was challenged in court, but the latter upheld it.
In the summer of 2015, M. Gaidar was appointed deputy chairman of the Odessa Regional Administration on the recommendation of Mikhail Saakashvili, and a little later she renounced Russian citizenship.
The most important scientific works
Yegor Gaidar, whose biography you now know, no doubt played an important role in the recent history of our country. Its assessment has yet to be given to our descendants, but one cannot detract from the merits of this politician as a scientist, many of whose ideas were confirmed after his death.
Among the most interesting scientific works of Yegor Gaidar are:
- the book "The State and Evolution", dedicated to the relationship between power and property in the Russian state;
- the work "Anomalies of Economic Growth", which examines the causes of the collapse of the socialist economy;
- the article "On the reform of global financial institutions", etc.
At the moment, the work “The Fall of the Empire”, written in 2006, is of particular interest. There, Gaidar predicted the possibility of a crisis that could arise due to fluctuations in oil prices.
Biography and episodes of life Yegor Gaidar. When born and died Yegor Gaidar, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. Quotes from a politician and an economist, Photo and video.
Years of life of Yegor Gaidar:
born March 19, 1956, died December 16, 2009
Epitaph
And suddenly you see - everything is irreparable,
Transience is a lonely plus
And gives you relentlessly
Taste yourself death."
From a poem by Valery Kachurin dedicated to the memory of Yegor Gaidar
Biography
Yegor Gaidar is known to the general public as an economist, author of hundreds of articles on economics, and a talented director of the Institute for the Economy in Transition. The father of the future economist was a war correspondent, and both of his grandfathers, Pavel Bazhov and Arkady Gaidar, were famous writers. Yegor Gaidar spent the early years of his life in Cuba. Often among the guests who came to the parental home, one could see Ernesto Che Guevara, Raul Castro and other influential people in the political and economic scene of that time. A few years later, Gaidar moved with his father and mother to Yugoslavia. It was here that he first became interested in the patterns of economic reforms.
Over time, Yegor Timurovich begins to study the writings of Engels, Plekhanov, Marx and comes to the conclusion that the bureaucracy has become a kind of class whose roots of power lie in the banal appropriation of state property. Gaidar found the only way out of this situation in the transition to market socialism and the creation of healthy competition between enterprises. However, soon, under the influence of the works of Friedman and Ricardo, he came to understand that market socialism is not capable of being effective to the required degree. With this theme, Gaidar brilliantly defends his Ph.D. thesis at Moscow State University.
During his short life, Yegor Gaidar held a number of high-ranking positions. He was Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR, Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation. For a long time, he actually headed the economic sector of the country. During their political career, Gaidar and his like-minded people managed to launch a number of economic reforms. In addition, Yegor Timurovich is known as the author of many books on the problems of the transition economy.
Yegor Gaidar died in December 2009 at his home in the village of Uspenskoye, Moscow Region. Gaidar's cause of death was pulmonary edema, which developed as a result of a heart attack. More than 10,000 people attended the farewell ceremony for the outstanding economist, including many leading leaders in the political arena. The date of Gaidar's funeral was deliberately kept secret by members of his family, but it is known that Yegor Gaidar's funeral took place at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow after cremation. A monument to Gaidar was erected on his grave a year later.
life line
March 19, 1956 Date of birth of Yegor Timurovich Gaidar.
1971 Moving to Moscow with family.
1978 Graduated from Moscow State University with a PhD.
1984 Beginning of work in the Politburo Commission for the Improvement of Management of the National Economy.
1986 Occupation of the position of a leading employee of the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1987 Beginning of membership in the editorial board of the journal of the Central Committee of the CPSU "Communist".
1991 Appointment to the post of Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economy and Finance.
1993 Occupation of the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
1994 Appointment to the post of chairman of the Democratic Choice of Russia party.
December 16, 2009 Date of death of Yegor Gaidar.
Memorable places
1. The city of Moscow, where Yegor Gaidar was born.
2. Moscow State University, where Gaidar studied.
3. Institute for Economic Policy named after Gaidar, created by him.
4. Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, where Yegor Gaidar is buried.
5. Higher School of Economics, where a monument to Gaidar was erected.
6. Library of Foreign Literature, where a monument to Yegor Gaidar is erected.
Episodes of life
Despite the fact that Gaidar was extremely persistent in his economic and political positions, in life he was known as an absolute phlegmatic. Of the favorite activities of Yegor Timurovich, fishing, picking mushrooms, and chess are noted. Gaidar was also a connoisseur of whiskey. “Whisky is a drink that I love and know a lot about,” remarked Yegor Timurovich.
Yegor Gaidar was married twice: the first marriage was with Irina Smirnova while still a student, and the second chosen one was Maria Strugatskaya, the daughter of the writer Arkady Strugatsky. From two marriages, Gaidar had three children: Peter, Maria and Pavel. It is known that Maria Gaidar in her choice of life path followed in the footsteps of her father.
Covenant
"The realization has come that politics is almost always not a choice between good and evil, but a choice between greater and lesser evil."
The story about Yegor Gaidar from the series of programs "Historical Chronicles"
condolences
“Please accept my most sincere condolences in connection with the great grief that has befallen you. An outstanding scientist-economist, statesman, whose name is associated with decisive steps to form the foundations of a free market and the transition of our country to a fundamentally new path of development, has passed away. Yegor Timurovich Gaidar was a brave, honest and resolute person. And in a period of radical change, he took responsibility for unpopular but necessary measures. He always firmly followed his convictions, which aroused the respect of his like-minded people and opponents. The memory of Yegor Gaidar will forever remain in our hearts.”
Dmitry Medvedev, ex-president of the Russian Federation
“The death of Yegor Timurovich Gaidar is a heavy loss for Russia, for all of us. There was no real citizen and patriot, a strong-willed person, a talented scientist, writer and practitioner.”
Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation
“For me, he was and will forever remain the highest example of honesty, courage and reliability. I will feel this loss for the rest of my life.”
Anatoly Chubais, politician
Yegor Gaidar is a well-known politician of the "dashing" 90s, when the country experienced all the hardships of the transition from socialism to capitalism. A key figure in the political arena of Russia, the author of "shock therapy" and the head of the "government of reformers", who in the historical time for the country was in the highest echelons of power and was responsible for the economic policy of the Russian Federation. People's attitude towards the reformer is rather contradictory - even many years after the death of the economist, his reforms are remembered both from the positive and from the negative side. Some are sure that the "Gaidar" reforms saved the Russians from hunger and civil war, while others believe that the activities of the reformist economist led to a drop in living standards and a deliberate destruction of the Russian economy.
Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was born on March 19, 1956 in Moscow in the family of a sailor and journalist Timur Gaidar and historian Ariadna Bazhova. He was the grandson of the famous Soviet writers Pavel Bazhov and. The first interest in the economy of the future politician-reformer woke up in early childhood, when he lived with his parents in Cuba and Yugoslavia, where he got acquainted with the economic works of Marx and Engels, which were banned at that time in the USSR. He also showed a special interest in history and philosophy, independently studied the works of the classics of Marxism, which became the foundation for his future career.
Gaidar graduated from the school in Moscow already. He became a gold medalist at Mathematical School No. 152, after which he entered the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. Lomonosov, who also graduated with honors. Deciding to continue to improve his knowledge, the economist continued his studies in graduate school, and in 1980 he defended his scientific dissertation and became a candidate of economic sciences. In 1990, Yegor Timurovich prepared and defended his doctoral dissertation.
Career
Yegor Gaidar's career began at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute, where the young economist analyzed the economic reforms of the countries of the socialist bloc. Even then, the future reformer realized that the economy of the USSR was in a difficult state, and if market mechanisms were not launched, then it would enter a phase of self-destruction. After 6 years of work, he transferred to the Institute of Economics and Forecasting, where he took the position of a leading researcher.
Gaidar devoted the next three years to journalism - he became deputy editor of the Kommunist magazine, and later head of the economic department in the Pravda newspaper. During that period, the economist began to promote the idea of reducing the presence of the state in the economy, reducing the budget for non-beneficial public areas and launching gradual reforms in the Soviet system. Around the same period, Yegor Timurovich published his own economic program for the financial stabilization of the country's economy.
But Gaidar's projects at that moment were not destined to come true, since they did not fit into the framework of existing realities. At the same time, his strengthened reputation as a professional economist and experienced polemist allowed him not to remain in the shadows during the collapse of the USSR. Thanks to his acquaintances in political circles and the well-coordinated work of a team of like-minded people, Gaidar became the Deputy Prime Minister of the RSFSR, and later the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.
Politics
Yegor Gaidar got into politics at a time when laws ceased to operate, instructions were not followed, and the power structures of the state ceased to operate, and the Soviet system of control over foreign economic activity became non-functioning. Then the politician created a team of economists and headed the "government of reformers", which actively began to create a new economy for the country.
In his first year at the helm of the Russian government, he managed to set in motion an economic reform plan aimed at launching market mechanisms, eradicating deficits, changing the currency and tax systems, and creating a privatization program. In the same period, he became the founder and head of the Institute for Economic Policy, remaining the greatest authority in the field of socio-economic transformation of society.
In the period from 1991 to 1994, Yegor Gaidar held high positions of power, from the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation to the Chairman of the Russian Government. Then, under his leadership, the liberalization of market prices, economic reforms, the transformation of the tax system, the introduction of free market trade, privatization and restructuring of the fuel and energy complex were launched in the country.
In 1994, against the backdrop of expressing disagreement with the current prime minister of the country, Gaidar was forced to resign. Despite this, he continued his political, scientific and economic activities, taking an active part in the party building of the State Duma of the first convocation. From 1994 to 2001, he led the Democratic Choice of Russia party and continued to promote the reform movement in the history of new Russia.
Achievements
Evaluation of Yegor Gaidar's activities in the development of the economy of the new Russia is both positive and negative. Supporters of the reformer believe that Gaidar's achievements are invaluable for the country, since he assumed full responsibility for the Russian economy in the conditions of a severe crisis and was able to withstand mass famine and civil war.
His work is highly appreciated by many reformist economists around the world, who believe that Gaidar's team had the hardest time in preserving the country's economy, since there was strong opposition and resistance to reform in Russia. At the same time, the Russian government admits that the country's tax, budget, and customs codes are spelled out from beginning to end by Gaidar and his team.
Yegor Gaidar's opponents, on the contrary, are sure that the reformist politician with his "shock therapy" caused a decline in living standards in the country, which caused the stratification of society. He is accused of unfair privatization, depreciation of the USSR's deposits and the collapse of the country's industry.
Personal life
The personal life of Yegor Gaidar is "two-part". The first time he married while still a student, Irina Smirnova, who was his childhood friend. She bore him two children, Peter and Mary. After the divorce, the spouses equally "divided" the children - who is now, remained with her mother, and Pyotr Gaidar remained with his father's parents, who doted on him.
The politician-reformer decided to find family happiness for the second time - he married the daughter of the famous writer Maria Strugatskaya, with whom he lived until the end of his days. Gaidar's second wife had a son from his first marriage, Ivan Strugatsky, and in marriage to Yegor Timurovich, she gave birth to her husband another son, Pavel.
In life, the reformer politician was fond of chess, reading and writing books. He became the author of a whole bibliography of publications on economics, the topics of which are contained in the preface of his 15-volume works. His children say that his father also loved to fish and gather mushrooms, and was also a connoisseur of whiskey, for which he had an unsurpassed passion.
Death
On December 16, 2009, Yegor Gaidar died at the age of 53. The cause of death of the politician was a heart attack, as a result of which a blood clot broke off. Until the last days of his life, the economist participated in the development of advanced technologies in the country and worked on his scientific works.
Farewell to Gaidar took place in the capital's Central Clinical Hospital on December 19. It is reported that about 10 thousand people came to say goodbye to the country's leading economist, including well-known faces of the political arena, Sergei Stepashin.
Yegor Gaidar was buried after cremation at the Novodevichy cemetery in a non-public setting. A monument was opened posthumously to the reformer politician in the building of the Higher School of Economics, and Gaidar's memory was immortalized in the history of Russia by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.