In our cruel age it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no special need to keep girls honored - striptease and viciousness are paid dearly, and money is much more attractive than some kind of ephemeral honor. I remember Knurov from A.N. Ostrovsky's "Dowry":

There are limits beyond which condemnation does not go: I can offer you such an enormous content that the most malicious critics of someone else's morality will have to be silent and gape in surprise.

Sometimes it seems that men have not dreamed for a long time to serve for the good of the Fatherland, to protect their honor and dignity, to defend the Motherland. Probably, literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.

The most cherished work of A.S. Pushkin begins with the epigraph: “Take care of honor from a young age,” which is part of a Russian proverb. The whole novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives us the best idea of ​​honor and dishonor. The protagonist Petrusha Grinev is a young man, practically a youth (at the time of his departure for the service he was “eighteen” years old, according to his mother), but he is filled with such determination that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed him to serve in this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is the same as death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts quite differently. His decision to go over to the side of Pugachev is determined by fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the characters is natural. Grinev lives a decent, albeit poor, life as a landowner and dies surrounded by his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is understandable, although Pushkin does not say anything about it, but most likely death or hard labor will cut short this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who has not preserved his honor.

War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities; it shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". Two heroes are the moral poles of the story. The fisherman is energetic, strong, physically strong, but is he courageous? Having been taken prisoner, under pain of death, he betrays his partisan detachment, betrays its location, weapons, strength - in a word, everything in order to eliminate this center of resistance to the Nazis. But the frail, sickly, frail Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends the scaffold, not for a second doubting the correctness of his act. He knows that death is not as terrible as remorse from betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the toilet, but cannot, because he does not find a suitable tool (the belt was taken from him during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.

Years pass, in the historical memory of mankind there are still examples of deeds of honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, rescuing people in fires, in disasters, prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.

Total: 441 words

In terms of honor and dignity, the spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed. “Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Own position: What does the concept of “honor” mean today? Everyone will interpret this concept in their own way. For some, it is a combination of higher moral principles, respect, honor, recognition of other victories. For others, it is “land, livestock, sheep, bread, commerce, profit – this is life!” For me, honor and dignity is not an empty phrase. It's too early to say that I live by honor. But I hope that these concepts will always serve as a life guide for me.

In our time, it already seems that the concepts of "honor and dignity" are outdated, having lost their original, true meanings. But before, in the days of valiant knights and beautiful ladies, they preferred to part with their lives rather than lose honor. And it was customary to defend one's dignity, the dignity of one's relatives and simply dear people in duels. Let us recall at least how, defending the honor of his family, A.S. died in a duel. Pushkin. "I need my name and honor to be inviolable in all corners of Russia," he said. Favorite heroes of Russian literature were people of honor. Let us recall what kind of instruction the hero of the story "The Captain's Daughter" receives from his father: "Take care of honor from a young age." The father did not want his son to become a secular reveler and therefore sent him to serve in a distant garrison. Meeting with people devoted to duty, to the Motherland, to love, for whom the honor of the uniform was above all else, played a decisive positive role in Grinev's life. He honorably passed all the trials that fell to his lot, and never once dropped his dignity, did not sacrifice his conscience, although there were plenty of opportunities, there was peace in his soul.

“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest speck deprives it of its brilliance and robs it of all its value,” Edmond Pierre once said. Yes, it really is. And sooner or later everyone will have to decide how to live - with honor or without it.

Total: 302 words

Each newborn is given a name. Together with the name, a person receives the history of his family, the memory of generations and the idea of ​​honor. Sometimes the name obliges to be worthy of its origin. Sometimes by your actions you have to wash away, correct the negative memory of the family. How not to lose dignity? How to protect yourself in the face of danger? It is very difficult to be prepared for such an ordeal. There are many similar examples in Russian literature.

In the story of Viktor Petrovich Astafyev "Lyudochka" there is a story about the fate of a young girl, yesterday's schoolgirl, who came to the city in search of a better life. Growing up in a family of a hereditary alcoholic, like frozen grass, she has been trying all her life to keep honor, some kind of feminine dignity, trying to work honestly, build relationships with people around her, not offending anyone, pleasing everyone, but keeping her at a distance. And people respect her. Her landlady Gavrilovna respects her for reliability and diligence, respects the wretched Artyomka for strictness and morality, respects her in her own way, but for some reason she is silent about this, her stepfather. Everyone sees her as a person. However, on her way she meets a disgusting type, a criminal and a bastard - Strekach. The person is not important to him, his lust is above all. The betrayal of Artyomka's "friend-boyfriend" turns into a terrible ending for Lyudochka. And the girl with her grief is left alone. For Gavrilovna, this is not a particular problem:

Well, they plucked the plonba, just think, what a disaster. Now this is not a flaw, now they get married anyhow, ugh, now for these things ...

The mother generally pulls away and pretends that nothing happened: an adult, they say, let her get out herself. Artyomka and "friends" call to spend time together. But Lyudochka does not want to live like this, with a soiled, trampled honor. Seeing no way out of this situation, she decides not to live at all. In her last note, she asks for forgiveness:

Gavrilovna! Mum! Stepfather! What's your name, I didn't ask. Good people, sorry!

In the epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don" by Sholokhov, each heroine has her own idea of ​​honor. Daria Melekhova lives only in the flesh, the author says little about her soul, and the characters in the novel do not perceive Daria at all without this base beginning. Her adventures both during the life of her husband and after his death show that honor does not exist for her at all, she is ready to seduce her own father-in-law, just to satisfy her desire. It is a pity for her, because a person who has lived his life so mediocrely and vulgarly, who has not left any good memory of himself, is insignificant. Daria has remained the embodiment of a base, lustful, dishonest female inside.

Honor is important to every person in our world. But especially women's, girlish honor remains a hallmark and always attracts special attention. And let them say that in our time morality is an empty phrase, that “they will marry anyone” (according to Gavrilovna), it is important - who you are for yourself, and not for those around you. Therefore, the opinions of immature and narrow-minded people are not taken into account. For everyone, honor has been and will be in the first place.

Total: 463 words

In his article, D. Granin talks about the existence in the modern world of several points of view about what honor is, and whether this concept is outdated or not. But, despite this, the author believes that the sense of honor cannot become obsolete, as it is given to a person from birth.

In support of his position, Granin cites a case related to Maxim Gorky. When the tsarist government annulled the writer's election as an honorary academician, Chekhov and Korolenko renounced the titles of academicians. By such an act, the writers expressed their rejection of the government's decision. Chekhov defended the honor of Gorky, at that moment he did not think about himself. It was the title of "man with a capital letter" that allowed the writer to defend the good name of his comrade.

This means that the concept of honor will not become obsolete. We can defend our honor and, of course, loved ones and relatives.

So A.S. Pushkin went to a duel with Dantes to defend the honor of his wife Natalia.

In Kuprin's work "Duel", the main character, like Pushkin, defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with her husband. Death awaited this hero, but it is not meaningless.

I believe that the topic of this article is very relevant, since in the modern world many people have lost the line between honor and dishonor.

But as long as a person is alive, honor is also alive.

Total: 206 words

What is honor and why has it been so valued at all times? Folk wisdom speaks about it - “Take care of honor from a young age”, poets sing it and philosophers reflect. For her, they died in duels, and, having lost her, they considered life over. In any case, the concept of honor contains the desire for a moral ideal. This ideal can be created by a person for himself, or he can accept it from society.

In the first case, in my opinion, this is a kind of internal honor, which includes such individual qualities of a person as courage, nobility, justice, honesty. These are the beliefs and principles that form the basis of a person's self-respect. This is what he brings up and appreciates in himself. The honor of a person outlines the limits of what a person can allow himself, and what attitude he can tolerate from others. Man becomes his own judge. This is what constitutes human dignity, so it is important for a person himself not to betray any of his principles.

I would correlate another understanding of honor with a more modern concept of reputation - this is how a person shows himself to other people in communication and deeds. In this case, it is important “not to drop dignity” precisely in the eyes of other people, because few people want to communicate with a rude person, do business with an unreliable person, or help a heartless miser in need. However, a person may at the same time have bad character traits and simply try to hide them from others.

In any case, the loss of honor leads to negative consequences - either a person is disappointed in himself, or becomes an outcast in society. Honor, which I defined as reputation, has always been considered the hallmark of a person - both men and women. And sometimes it hurt people. For example, when they were considered unworthy, even though they were not to blame, but gossip and intrigue. Or rigid social constraints. I have always found it surprisingly accepted in the Victorian era to condemn a young woman who was filming mourning for her husband and wanted to start a new life.

The main thing that I understood is that the word "honor" is related to the word "honesty". You need to be honest with yourself and people, be, and not seem like a worthy person, and then you will not be threatened with either condemnation or self-criticism.

Honor, duty, conscience - these concepts are now rarely seen among people.

What it is?

Honor is my association with the army, with the officers who defend our Motherland, and also with people who with honor hold the "blows of fate."

Duty is again our valiant defenders of the fatherland, who have a duty to defend us and our Motherland, and any person can also have a duty, for example, to help the elderly or younger if they are in trouble.

Conscience is something that lives inside every person.

There are people without a conscience, this is when you can get past grief, and not help, and nothing will torment you inside, but you can help, and then sleep peacefully.

Often these concepts are linked. As a rule, these qualities are given to us during education.

An example from literature: War and Peace, L Tolstoy. Unfortunately, now these concepts are outdated, the world has changed. You rarely meet a person who has all these qualities.

470 words

After reading the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas of honor. These heroes are young, they are both nobles. YES, and they get into this backwater (Belogorsk fortress) not of their own free will. Grinev - at the insistence of his father, who decided that his son needed to "pull the strap and sniff the gunpowder ..." And Shvabrin ended up in the Belogorsk fortress, perhaps because of the high-profile story associated with the duel. We know that for a noble, a duel is a way to defend honor. And Shvabrin, at the beginning of the story, seems to be a man of honor. Although from the point of view of an ordinary person, Vasilisa Yegorovna, a duel is “death murder”. Such an assessment allows the reader, who sympathizes with this heroine, to doubt the nobility of Shvabrin.

You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev became a test. Shvabrin saves his life. We see him "cut in a circle, in a Cossack caftan, among the rebels." And during the execution, he whispers something in Pugachev's ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov. He refuses to kiss the impostor's hand, because he is ready to "prefer a cruel execution to such humiliation ...".

They also relate to Masha in different ways. Grinev admires, respects Masha, even writes poetry in her honor. Shvabrin, on the contrary, mixes the name of his beloved girl with mud, saying "if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings." Shvabrin slanders not only this girl, but also her relatives. For example, when he says “as if Ivan Ignatich was in an inadmissible relationship with Vasilisa Egorovna ..” It becomes clear that Shvabrin does not really love Masha. When Grinev rushed to free Marya Ivanovna, he saw her "pale, thin, with disheveled hair, in a peasant dress." her rebels.

If we compare the main characters, Grinev will undoubtedly cause more respect, because despite his youth he managed to behave with dignity, remained true to himself, did not disgrace the honest name of his father, defended his beloved.

Perhaps all this allows us to call him a man of honor. Self-esteem helps our hero at the trial at the end of the story to calmly look into the eyes of Shvabrin, who, having lost everything, continues to fuss, trying to slander his enemy. A long time ago, back in the fortress, he overstepped the boundaries defined by honor, wrote a letter - a denunciation to Grinev's father, trying to destroy the newly born love. Having acted dishonorably once, he cannot stop, he becomes a traitor. And therefore Pushkin is right when he says “cherish honor from a young age” and making them an epigraph to the whole work.

In our time, it has become ashamed to show mercy, compassion, sympathy. Now it’s “fun”, under the approving hooting of the crowd, to hit the weak, kick the dog, insult an elderly person, get nasty to a passerby, and so on. Any muck created by one bastard is perceived almost as a feat by the fragile minds of teenagers.

We stopped feeling, fenced off from the realities of life by our own indifference. We pretend not to see or hear. Today we pass by a hooligan, we swallow insults, and tomorrow we ourselves imperceptibly turn into shameless and dishonest people.

Let's remember past times. Dueling with swords and pistols for insulting an honest name. Conscience and duty that guided the thoughts of the defenders of the Fatherland. Mass heroism of the people in the Great Patriotic War for trampling the honor of the beloved Motherland by the enemy. No one shifted the unbearable burden of responsibility and duty onto the shoulders of another, so that it would be more comfortable for himself.

If today you have betrayed a friend, cheated on a loved one, “got stuck” with a colleague, insulted a subordinate, or deceived someone’s trust, then don’t be surprised if tomorrow the same thing happens to you. Once abandoned and useless, you will have a great chance to reconsider your attitude to life, to people, to your actions.

A deal with conscience, covering up to a certain point dark deeds, in the future can end very badly. There will always be someone more cunning, arrogant, dishonorable and unscrupulous, who, under the guise of false flattery, will push you into the abyss of collapse in order to take the place that you also took from another.

An honest person always feels free and confident. Acting according to conscience, he does not burden his soul with vices. Greed, envy and indefatigable ambitions are not inherent in him. He just lives and enjoys every day given to him from above.

School essays on this topic, as an option for preparing for the final essay.

Composition: Despair

According to Dahl, the concept of "despair" means a state of extreme hopelessness, a feeling of hopelessness. This means that its source does not necessarily have to be connected, say, with the socio-political and economic background in society. Another thing is that the historical stage we are going through somehow exacerbated subtle moments in people's lives, leading them to disappointing, so to speak, thoughts in terms of prospects. But there must be a way out of many situations, right?

According to one of the heroes of the play by the famous French writer, 20th-century existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre "The Flies", "real human life begins on the other side of despair."

Probably, everyone can have their own understanding of what was said, but after all, the thought voiced by Sartre can also be considered from the point of view of the right of choice granted to a person: what is he going to do in the light of the despair that has gripped him (or periodically returning to him)? Continue to fade or start (restore) vigorous activity, albeit through significant thorns?

In this context, the perspective of despair can indeed be defined as the initial (to a certain extent) path to finding the necessary solution, breaking the path to new heights. That is, despair, depending on the person's perception of the "situation" within himself, can contribute to the birth (reanimation) of what seems to be lost forces (someone would say, conditions). In other words, to get the better of despair is actually overcoming oneself, when hope gradually replaces stagnation, and with it confidence.

By the way, the point may be that a person is simply tired of repeated efforts that do not give the expected result. And hence - the formation in him of uncertainty about the correctness of his chosen life path. Here it is appropriate to refer to the Danish-American journalist, photographer, who went through a difficult life path, Jacob August Riis (late 19th - early 20th century).

“When it begins to seem that nothing can help,” he wrote, “I go to watch the stonecutter strike a hundred blows on the stone, but no crack appears on it. Only after the hundred and first attempt, the stone is divided in half. However, I understand that it was not the final stroke of the cutter that contributed to this, but all the previous work.

Perhaps, what has been said will remind someone of the well-known proverb: “Water does not flow under a lying stone”, practically calling for activity, because in order to obtain the denominator you need, you must at least not stop moving towards the intended goal.

In the aspect under consideration, it seems appropriate to cite the episode to which the outstanding Soviet high jumper, 1964 Olympic champion Valery Brumel refers in his book. So, he recalls how one of the coaches of athletes conducted an experiment on ordinary squats, the essence of which was the psychological impact. The trainer asked the ward, who had squatted about seven hundred times, the question for what reason he completed the exercises. The athlete referred to "lead" in the legs, circles before his eyes and even the fear of death in the event of another squat. However, the trainer for two weeks convinced the pupil of the ability of the human muscle to work unlimitedly.

“You need to overcome yourself only once,” he said, “then it will immediately become easier.”

As a result, the athlete did not reach five thousand squats in just a couple of hundred attempts. V. Brumel writes that when faced with this information, he wondered if there is a limit to human capabilities at all?

Perhaps someone will call this example incorrect in refraction to the topic under consideration. But is everything so clear? It should be noted that V. Brumel himself, at the peak of his sports career, had an accident that led to a broken leg in a severe form. Having undergone 29 operations, he began to walk only after treatment by the famous orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Ilizarov, who became after this case. Some time later, V. Brumel again found himself in the sector for jumps (!).

What drives a person to despair?

Despair. A state of hopelessness, a feeling that “there is no outcome” and it will not get better. This is a spiritual crisis when a person thinks that he cannot change his life for the better. What brings a person to despair? I think, not only severe life hardships, but also the loss of faith in a brighter future, in the ability to change one's existence and move forward, overcoming obstacles.

In the romantic story by M. A. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”, the author shows us how people come to despair. To do this, he includes the legend of Danko in the narrative and refers to ancient times. Cheerful, brave and strong people who lived in the old days plunged into despair when other, more powerful tribes came and drove them into the depths of the forest.

The stench from the swamps destroyed people, but they could not fight stronger and more evil enemies, since they had no right to die - they were obliged to keep the covenants of their ancestors. The tribesmen fell into despair, because they did not believe that they could pass through the dense impenetrable forest to the light and the sun. At that moment, Danko appeared, who led them through the thicket, and they followed him when they gained faith. Despair came to them again on one dark stormy night, when they lost faith in their leader and were ready to tear the hero apart from anger, blaming him for their troubles. Danko tore his chest with both hands, took out a burning heart from there, and, enchanted by a bright flame, people regained their faith and followed their leader, who led them to a spacious sunny meadow, and he himself died.

The author brings us to the idea that people come to despair when they lose faith in the possibility of changing their fate and are afraid to fight for a better lot. He sings a hymn to that brave soul who is ready to overcome obstacles and lead people, instilling in them faith in a better future, even if he has to sacrifice himself for others.

Here is another literary argument. In M. A. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom”, the characters found themselves not only at the bottom of their lives, but also at the bottom of their souls, having exhausted their reserves of faith, hope and love. "Former people" live in a rooming house, irritated, disunited, embittered. But here comes the wanderer Luke, who inspires faith in the possibility of changing life for the better. He promises nothing to Satin, Baron, Bubnov, since these "tramps" have long resigned themselves to their fate and are not ready to fight for a way out from the bottom of life to the light. "The Evil Elder" addresses only those who need hope and who are ready to overcome despair. To the drunken Actor, Luka says that somewhere there is a free clinic for alcoholics, instilling in him the belief that it is possible to start a new life. The actor quits drinking, sweeps the streets, earning his way. But the old man suddenly disappears without telling the Actor the address of the hospital. And Satin says that the old man lied out of pity, that there is no free hospital. The actor who has lost his faith cannot stand despair and commits suicide.

We came to the conclusion that a person comes to despair when he loses faith in the possibility of changing his life for the better. To prevent this from happening, you need to have the will, courage and determination.

What is hope?

What is hope? This question is asked by most people, but they never find an answer. Hope is, first of all, a person's faith in a good future, expectation, anticipation of something vital for him. I believe that in any life situation, a person should always have hope for the best. There are many literary works where the main characters do not lose faith.

One of these works is the story of A.P. Chekhov "Vanka". The main character Vanka is a little orphan boy. He writes a letter to his grandfather. His letter is imbued with kindness, warm words, Vanka wants grandfather to take him to him. He does not like the place where Vanka lives, because they beat him. Vanka recalled all the warm moments associated with his childhood, which took place in the village with his grandfather.

The letter is filled with the belief that as soon as grandfather reads the letter, he will immediately take Vanka away. But the reader understands that this will not happen, since the field for the addressee indicates "to the grandfather's village." Thus, Vanka's hope did not fade away, and he believed that his beloved grandfather would come for him.

Another striking example of faith in the best is the work of A. S. Green "The Green Lamp". Eve, one of the characters in the story, who was a vagabond. Once he met two rich men, they fed him, clothed him. After that, they offered to pay him for the fact that every evening he would put a lamp on the window, and, without leaving the house, sit next to it. Yves agreed, and every evening he hoped that some miracle would happen. For several years, Yves lit this lamp and read books at the same time. It's been 8 years. Eve became a doctor. Thus, Yves' hope helped him find a new life.

In conclusion, I would like to say that a person should never lose hope, no matter what happens. After all, she can always help get out of even the most difficult situations. It makes a person believe in the best and strive for the goal.

Quotes on the topic: Hope

Man lives only in hope; hope is, in fact, his only property.
Carlyle

Hope lives even at the very graves.
Goethe I.

Hope is the only blessing that cannot be satiated.
Vauvenarg

No matter how bad it is, never despair, hold on while you have the strength.
Suvorov A.V.

A well-prepared person retains hope in adversity and fears a change of fate in a happy time.
Horace

Hope always says the future will be easier
Tibul

As long as a person is alive, he should never lose hope.
Seneca

Hope is the most useful of all passions of the soul, inasmuch as it contains health through the tranquility of the imagination.
Derzhavin G. R.

Where there is hope, there is fear: fear is always full of hope, hope is always full of fear.
La Rochefoucauld

Hope is always better than despair.
Goethe I.

Hope for joy is a little less than fulfilled pleasure.
Shakespeare W.

What is the most common thing for everyone? Hope; for if one has nothing else, then it is.
Thales

Hopes are the dreams of the awake.
Plato

If life deceives you
Don't be sad, don't be angry!
On the day of despondency, humble yourself:
The day of fun, believe me, will come.
Pushkin A. S.

Fear and hope can convince a person of anything.
Vauvenarg

Nadezhda is the best doctor known.
Dumas A. father

We shouldn't be discouraged.
Cicero

Hope is the desire of the soul to convince itself that the desired will come true ... Fear is the inclination of the soul, convincing it that the desire will not come true.
Descartes

The hope that accompanies us all our lives does not leave us even at the hour of death.
Pope A.

All my hope is in myself.
Terence

Even in the most hopeless struggle remains hope.
Rollan R.

Where hope dies, there is emptiness.
Leonardo da Vinci

O deceptive human hope!
Cicero

The direction "Honor and dishonor" is based on polar concepts related to the moral choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, follow moral principles or follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline.

For inspiration!

Everything in the world depends

From heavenly heights.

But our honor, but our honor

It depends on us alone.

Song from the movie "Musketeers. 20 years later"

Muses. M. Dunayevsky, lyrics by Leonid Derbenev

Possible essay topics

Possible essay topics(selection by Irina Anatolyevna Suyazova)

1. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honest eyes do not look sideways”?

2. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Honor goes along the road, and dishonor is on the sidelines”?

3. How do you understand the meaning of the proverb “Death is better than dishonor”?

4. How do you understand the meaning of F.M. Dostoevsky’s statement “You won’t get rich by trading in honor”? 5. A work about honor and dishonor that excited you ...

6. It is easy to be called a man, it is more difficult to be a man (proverb).

7. How are the words "honor", "honesty", "purity" similar?

8. Why was honor valued at all times?

9. Is it appropriate to talk about honor and conscience in our time?

10. How do you understand what “honor” and “disgrace” are?

11. People want wealth and fame for themselves; if both cannot be obtained honestly, they should be avoided. (Confucius)

12. When the guilty pleads guilty, he saves the only thing worth saving - his honor (Victor Hugo)

13. Whoever loses honor cannot lose anything more than that. (Publius Sir)

14. Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest speck deprives it of its brilliance and robs it of all its value. (Pierre Boschin, French writer)

15. Is the Russian proverb true: “Take care of honor from a young age”?

16. Trade in honor, you will not get rich. (F.M. Dostoevsky, the great Russian writer)

17. An honest person can be persecuted, but not dishonored. (F. Voltaire)

18. Honor can only be lost once. (E.M.Kapiev, Dagestan Soviet prose writer)

19. Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

20. Honor, decency, conscience - qualities that need to be treasured (according to the works of Russian literature of the 19th century)

21. What is your attitude to the relevance of the theme of honor (Why is the theme of honor still relevant today?)

22. What kind of person can be called a man of honor?

23. How do you understand what “honor” and “disgrace” are?

24. Betrayal and dishonor: how are these concepts related?

25. Honor and conscience are the leading concepts that characterize the human personality

26. The concept of honor close to me in spirit ...

27. Can love or conscience revive the previously lost concept of honor? (As an example-argument: Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, the heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment") 28. Can a person who won a duel be considered a man of honor?

29. Do you agree with the statement of F. M. Dostoevsky “In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once you step over, it is impossible to turn back”?

30. What is true honor and what is imaginary?

31. What can be done to protect human honor? 32. A work about a man of honor that shocked me ...

33. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?

M.A. Sholokhov, story "The Fate of a Man";

A.S. Griboyedov, comedy "Woe from Wit";

DI. Fonvizin, comedy "Undergrowth";

A.S. Pushkin, story "The Captain's Daughter";

"The Tale of Igor's Campaign";

ON THE. Nekrasov's poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia"

M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"

L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace"

I.S. Turgenev novel "Fathers and Sons"

F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"

M.A. Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita

A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"

N.M. Karamzin, story "Poor Lisa"

A.N. Ostrovsky, drama "Thunderstorm"

A.I. Solzhenitsyn, story "Matryonin Dvor"

A.I. Kuprin, stories "Garnet Bracelet", "Olesya"

M. Gorky, story "Old Woman Izergil"

Tolstoy L.N., the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"

Paustovsky K. G., fairy tale "Warm bread"

Stephenson R., ballad "Heather Honey"

M.Yu.Lermontov. "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ...".

N.V. Gogol. , the story "Taras Bulba"

F. Cooper, novel "The Last of the Mohicans"

A.P. Platonov., the story "Yushka"

W. Scott. , the novel "Ivanhoe"

Pushkin A.S. , the novel "Dubrovsky"

Green A.S. , extravaganza "Scarlet Sails"

Merime P., short story "Matteo Falcone"

L.N.Andreev, the story "Judas Iscariot"

N.S. Leskov, "Dumb Artist", "The Enchanted Wanderer"

G. de Maupassant, "Necklace"

Materials for the introductory part of the essay

Honor is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an act, when conscience is the judge. Life often tests people, putting them before a choice - to act honorably and take a hit on themselves, or to be cowardly and go against conscience in order to gain benefits and get away from troubles, possibly death. A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but the retreat from it, the loss of honor, is even more painful. Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his whole life. At the same time, he cannot help thinking about his place among other people. This spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity. “Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.” Moral decay, the fall of moral principles leads to the collapse of both the individual and the whole nation. Therefore, the importance of the great Russian classical literature, which is the moral foundation for many generations of people, is so great.

Materials for the main part of the essay

holy host

Conscience, Nobility and Dignity - Here it is, our holy host.
Give him your hand
for him it’s not scary even into the fire.

His face is high and amazing.
Dedicate your short life to him.
Maybe you won't win
but you will die like a man.
1988

"Self-esteem..."

Bella Akhmadulina

Self-esteem is a mysterious tool:

it is created for centuries, and is lost at the moment

whether under the accordion, under the bombardment, under the beautiful chatter,

dried up, destroyed, crushed at the root.

Self-respect is the mysterious path

on which it is easy to break, but you can’t turn back,

because without delay, inspirational, pure, alive,

dissolve, your human image will turn into dust.

Self-esteem is just a portrait of love.

I love you, my comrades - pain and tenderness in my blood.

No matter what darkness and evil prophesied, nothing but this

humanity did not invent for its own salvation.

So do not waste, brother, do not turn off, spit on the absurd fuss -

you will lose your divine face, primordial beauty.

Well, why risk so much in vain? Aren't there enough other worries?

Get up, go, soldier, only straight ahead, only forward.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for himself

Woman, religion, road.

Serve the devil or the prophet -

Everyone chooses for himself.

Everyone chooses for themselves

A word for love and for prayer.

A sword for a duel, a sword for battle -

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself:

Shield and armor. Staff and patches.

The measure of final retribution

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself.

I also choose as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone

Everyone chooses for himself.

The day will come and the hour will strike,
When the mind and honor On the whole earth will come the turn To stand in the first place.
Robert Burns

This wonderful text from the collection of texts for writing the exam can be used both in the main part, and in the introduction and conclusion. Read it, write out quotes, keywords.

(1) In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836, Pushkin was surprised: where did these prudent young people come from, “who are spit in the eyes, but they wipe themselves off” instead of defending their honor? (2) Sometimes it seems that we came out of the overcoats of precisely these meek people. (3) The ringing of elastic steel is no longer heard in the word honor.

What are the moral qualities of a person
received condemnation in the works?
Moral villainy and dishonor
"Pleased
Human"
"Fake Coin"
Makes 'fake
good"
Makes others evil
(composed slander)
"unforgivable
be evil... do
stupid evil"
"promising
Human"
Irony
Author
open condemnation

Direction "Honor and dishonor"

Choice of topic and epigraph
Epigraph (from Greek επιγραφή - "inscription")
- a quotation placed at the head of an essay
or parts thereof for the purpose of indicating its spirit, its
meaning, the attitude of the author to it and to that
similar.

Possible wording of topics

Honor is true and false.

Which heroes live by honor?
Death or dishonor?



Is there a right to dishonor?

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and own
dignity is the strongest.
(F. M. Dostoevsky)
Honor cannot be taken away, it can be
lose.
(A.P. Chekhov)
Only the unsullied can win
dishonest.
(Samed Vurgun)
Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is
inner honor.
(Arthur Schopenhauer)

Honour
Dishonor
To deprive another of honor means to deprive
his.
Publius Cyrus
I will endure injustice, but not
dishonor.
Caecilius
Honor is dearer than life.
Dishonor equal drags behind him who
betrayed love and who left the fight.
Corneille Pierre
Schiller F.
I agree to endure any misfortune, but I do not
I agree that honor has suffered.
Corneille Pierre
Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor.
V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth. Shamelessness - patience of the soul to
fielding
dishonor in the name of gain.
Plato
Honor is an award given for
virtue…
Aristotle
Honor from the dishonest - too, after all
dishonor.
Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on your hand
virtues.
A dishonest man is ready for dishonest
case.
Proverb
Voltaire
Spring of honor, our idol!
And this is where the world revolves!
(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar
concepts related to the choice of a person: to be
faithful to the voice of conscience, follow the moral
principles or go the way of betrayal, lies
and
hypocrisy.
Many
writers
focus on the image
different manifestations of a person: from fidelity
moral rules to various forms
compromise with conscience, up to a deep
moral decline

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction
Epigraph
Honor… Disgrace… Life and society before
each person is given a moral choice:
live according to conscience, follow
moral principles or follow the path
dishonor, achieve everything in life by
betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. In his
essay, I want to reflect on
topic (statement of full name, answer
the question of all time)….

My opinion on this topic
I think that... It seems to me that.... Prove
my readership will help my point of view
experience. After all, many writers turned their
attention to the moral qualities of a person: from
fidelity to moral rules to various
forms of compromise with conscience, up to
deep moral decline

Argumentation
Poem in prose
"Happy Man"
Compose
plan
on
paragraphs
Make a microout
using your thoughts
or quote
I. S. Turgenev

Let's remember ……………..
Writer draws
……………………..
By asking a series of rhetorical
questions
author
trying
understand
………………………… The answer strikes us:
…………Understand
author's
position
…………………………….
Reading
This
work,
I
remember
the words
….
(proverb)…. + micro output.

Recall the poem in the prose of I.S.
Turgenev "The Satisfied Man" Writer
draws a young man who is all -
contentment and joy.
By setting a series
rhetorical questions, the author tries
understand the reason for this attitude. Answer
it amazes us: the hero is pleased with what he composed
slander about another. Understand copyright
bitter irony allows us to take a position:
"promising young man". Reading
this work, I remember the words of Publius
Sira: "To deprive another of honor means
lose yours." Hero of Turgenev, I think
dishonored himself in the first place.

Poem in
prose
"Fake Coin"
Charles Baudelaire
Make a plan for
paragraphs
Do
microoutput,
using their
thoughts or quote

lead
prosaic
poem
…………………….
Narration
starts
with
descriptions of what …………………………………It is

one more hero – ………………... Events take
an interesting twist: ………………………………... Like
hearing the narrator's silent questions, mate
utters, in my opinion, a terrible phrase:
…………………………….. The author’s sentence is unequivocal:
……………………... + micro-inference - rhetorical
exclamation.

As the next argument,
quote a prose poem by Charles
Baudelaire's The Counterfeit Coin, which also
tells about the immoral act of the hero.
The story begins with a description of what
one of the characters mysteriously parses the money. This is
strikes our narrator. Next appears
another hero is a beggar whose eyes are full
eloquent
pleading.
Events
accept
interesting
turn:
alms
buddy
turned out to be a counterfeit coin. as if hearing
silent questions of the narrator, a friend says,
in my opinion, a terrible phrase: he receives from
cheating fun. The author's statement is clear:
it is unforgivable to be evil, and even worse to do
stupid evil. This is the most dishonorable act!

So, in conclusion, I want to say,
what……………….
I
think,
what
………………………………. At the end you want
remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that
each of us will go our own way
life, everyone has their own path, complete and
ups and downs. And yet I think
what is most important for a person is to be
honest to yourself and to
others. At the end I want to remember
lines of A. S. Pushkin:
Spring of honor, our idol!
And this is where the world revolves!

Yuri Levitansky
Everyone chooses for himself
Everyone chooses for himself
woman, religion, road.
Serve the devil or the prophet -
everyone chooses for himself.
Everyone chooses for themselves
a word for love and for prayer.
Dueling sword, sword
for the battle, each chooses for himself.
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Shield and armor, staff and patches,
measure of final retribution
everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for himself.
I also choose as best I can.
I have no complaints against anyone.
Everyone chooses for himself.
1983

Write a home essay

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)
Can honor resist dishonor?
Take care of honor from a young age ... (proverb)
How to choose in a difficult moment between honor and dishonor?
Where do dishonest people come from?
Honor is true and false.
Are there people of honor today?
Which heroes live by honor?
Death or dishonor?
A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed.
Water will wash everything away, only dishonor cannot wash it away.
It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.
Is there a right to dishonor?
An honest person values ​​honor, but what should a dishonest person value?
Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor.

Literature to help

D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" - Pravdin, Starodum, Sofya - Prostakovs.
A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" - Chatsky - Molchalin, Famus Society.
A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Grinev - Shvabrin.
M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ..."
N. Gogol "Taras Bulba".
L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" - Andrei Bolkonsky - Dolokhov; old prince
Bolkonsky - Vasily Kuragin ...
F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
A. Kuprin "Duel", "Wonderful Doctor".
M. Bulgakov "White Guard"; "The Master and Margarita".
V. Kaverin "Two Captains" - Sanya Grigoriev - Romashin, Nikolai
Antonovich.
A. Green "Green Lamp".
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", "Quiet Flows the Don".
V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov".
D. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."

Preparing for

final essay

"PLEASED MAN" (poem in prose) A young man is skipping along the streets of the capital. His movements are cheerful, lively; eyes shine, lips grin, pleasantly reddens a touched face ... He is all - contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he inherit? Did he get promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he just have a good breakfast - and a feeling of health, a feeling of well-fed strength leaped up in all his members? Have they put your beautiful octagonal cross on his neck, O Polish King Stanislav! No. He composed a slander against an acquaintance, spread it carefully, heard it, this very slander, from the lips of another acquaintance - and he believed her. Oh, how pleased, how kind even at this moment this dear, promising young man! February, 1878

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

I. S. Turgenev

What moral qualities of a person were condemned in the work?

Moral villainy and dishonor

"Happy Man"

Makes others evil

(composed slander)

"man of promise"

HONOR - ... HONOR

• Honour- this is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an act, this is a situation where conscience is the judge.
• Life often tests people, putting them before a choice - to act honorably and take a hit on themselves, or to be cowardly and go against conscience in order to gain benefits and get away from troubles, possibly death.
• A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but the retreat from it, the loss of honor, is even more painful.

Honor or dishonor?

Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his whole life. At the same time, he cannot help thinking about his place among other people. This spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity.

“Honor is my life,” Shakespeare wrote, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Possible topic formulations:

• Take care of honor from a young age ...
• Can honor resist dishonor?
• Do you agree with the statement of P. Corneille “We have no right to live when honor has perished”?
• Are there people of honor today?
• Is it easy to live without honor and conscience?
• Honor and honesty: how are these concepts related?
• What an honor if there is nothing to eat!

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and dignity are the strongest. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)

Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is an inward honor. (Arthur Schopenhauer)

	Dishonor
To deprive the honor of another is to deprive one of one's own. Publius Cyrus	I will endure injustice, but not dishonor.
Honor is dearer than life. Schiller F.	Disgrace equal drags behind him the one who betrayed love and who left the battle. Corneille Pierre
I agree to endure any misfortune, But I will not agree that honor should suffer. Corneille Pierre	Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor. V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth.	Shamelessness is the patience of the soul for dishonor in the name of profit. Plato
Honor is a reward given for virtue... Aristotle	Honor from the dishonest is also dishonor. Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on the hand of virtue. Voltaire	A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed. Proverb

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral fall.

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction

Honor… Disgrace… Life and society put before each person a moral choice: to live according to conscience, to follow moral principles or follow the path of dishonor, to achieve everything in life through betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. ….

I think that... Undoubtedly... It seems to me that.... To my mind, ….

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline. So, …

Your opinion on this topic

+ transition to arguments from the literature

Code of noble honor on the pages of literary works

The history of the Russian duel of the 19th century is the history of human tragedies, high impulses and passions. The concept of honor in the noble society of that time is connected with the dueling tradition. There was even a code of noble honor. The readiness to pay with life for the inviolability of one's personal dignity presupposed a keen awareness of this dignity.

A.S. Pushkin, "a slave of honor", defending the honor of his wife and his honor, challenged Dantes to a duel, because. could not live “slandered by rumors” and put an end to dishonor at the cost of his own life. M.Yu. Lermontov also fell victim to dishonest and vicious envious people.

In many works of literature, honor is a measure of the humanity and decency of heroes.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

The honor of the clan is a category of folk morality. The merchant Kalashnikov in the famous "Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov ..." M.Yu. is the defender of popular ideas about honor and dignity. Lermontov. Having based the plot on a real event, Lermontov fills it with a deep moral meaning. Kalashnikov comes out to fight "for the holy truth, mother", for family values, for the honor of his wife. The image of the merchant Kalashnikov is close to the popular ideal. Just like the heroes of folk epics, Stepan fights for honor and justice, defends eternal values.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

« But your honor is my guarantee, and I boldly entrust myself to her”, - lines from a letter from Tatyana Larina from the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", completing a declaration of love, not only expresses the hope of a young girl for the decency and dignity of the chosen one. They sound faith in the fact that the honor of the heroine herself will not be abused.

For Larina, the concept of honor, moral purity is the basis of the worldview. Guided by her idea of ​​duty, she remains faithful to her husband, rejecting Onegin's love. It is possible to sacrifice love, but not to sacrifice honor.

Honor as the embodiment of the spiritual power of the hero Antithesis honor-disgrace in 20th century literature

(V. Bykov "Sotnikov").

The literature about the Great Patriotic War does not bypass the problem of preserving honor. Become a coward, dishonor yourself with betrayal and continue to live with it - this is the choice Rybak makes. He agrees to serve as a policeman, knocks out a support from under the feet of a former fellow soldier and becomes the executioner of the one with whom he fought shoulder to shoulder yesterday. He stays alive and suddenly catches on himself a look full of hatred. Hate him, a coward and a traitor, a dishonorable person. Now he is an enemy - both for people and for himself too ... Fate deprives Rybak of the opportunity to commit suicide, he will live with his stigma of dishonor.

Literature to help

• D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"
• A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"
• A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
• A. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"
• M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..."
• M. Lermontov "The Fugitive"
• N. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
• L. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
• F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
• A. Green "Green Lamp".
• M. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
• V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov"
• B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
• Prosper Merimee "Matteo Falcone"

Argumentation

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

• Formulation of your position in the form of a thesis;
• Making a micro-withdrawal,

using quote

I. S. Turgenev

Disgrace, in my opinion, is …………….. Recall …………….. The writer draws …………………….. By asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason ………………………… The answer strikes us: ………… Understand the author’s position irony allows us……………………………. Reading this work, I remember the words .... (proverb) .... + micro output. Let us recall the poem in I. S. Turgenev's prose "A Satisfied Man". The writer draws a young man who is all contentment and joy. Asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason for this mood. The answer strikes us: the hero is pleased that he composed a slander about another. The bitter irony allows us to understand the author's position: "a promising young man." Reading this work, I remember the words of Publius Syrus: "To deprive another of the honor is to lose one's own." The hero of Turgenev, I think, dishonored himself first of all.

So, in conclusion, I want to say that………………. I think that ………………………………. At the end, I want to remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that each of us will go our own way in life, each of us has our own path, full of ups and downs. And yet, I think that the main thing for a person is to be honest with himself and with others. In the end, I would like to recall the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

Perhaps honor is a heavy burden for everyone, and only a strong personality, brought up in honesty and morality, is capable of carrying it. Of course, everyone chooses for himself whether to follow the path of honor or live without it, omitting all unnecessary moral prejudices and pangs of conscience. However, it becomes sad at the moment when such a concept as “honor” is not initially invested in the upbringing of a person, because in the future it becomes a tragedy for the whole society. After all, moral decay, the fall of moral foundations leads to the collapse of both the individual and the whole nation.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for himself

Everyone chooses for himself

woman, religion, road.

Serve the devil or the prophet -

everyone chooses for himself.

Everyone chooses for themselves

a word for love and for prayer.

Dueling sword, battle sword

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Shield and armor, staff and patches,

measure of final retribution

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself.

I also choose as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone.

Everyone chooses for himself.

Homework Create and write down a complex outline for each of the following topics:

• How are the concepts of "honor" and "fatherland" related?
• What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
• What drives a person to dishonorable acts?