1. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"

The protagonist of the novel Ilya Oblomov, starting his career, commits a misstep in the service and sends an important dispatch instead of Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk. Then he suddenly falls ill, in the medical certificate issued by the doctor, it is testified: "Thickening of the heart with an expansion of the left ventricle thereof", caused by daily "going to office". This mistake led to the subsequent eternal lying on the couch, from which even all the attempts of Stolz do not save. So a mistake in the service became fatal for Oblomov.

2. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

Grigory Melekhov, being a young, strong Cossack, chooses the most beautiful young Cossack girl Aksinya for lovemaking. It's a common thing for a Cossack village. But the problem lies in the amazing origin of the entire Melekhov family, in its genesis. And Aksinya, who had never known love, for the first time understood the charm of this feeling. In the village, the Cossacks were embarrassed to look into Aksinya's shameless eyes. But his father's order to marry Natalya becomes fatal for Gregory. All his life he will rush between two women, in the end he will destroy both.

3. E.I. Zamyatin "We"

The protagonist of the novel, D-503, is a cog in the mechanism of the United State. He lives in a world where there is no love (it is replaced by "pink coupons"). The meeting with I-330 strikes the hero's imagination. He falls in love. By law, he must report to the guardians about the crime into which his girlfriend is dragging him. But he hesitates and loses time. The mistake becomes fatal for I-330.

4. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for the dog"

Volodya Tenkov finds himself at the most terrible time in the years of the great turning point in the very center of the battle. On the one hand, these are well-fed representatives of the nomenklatura of the party leadership, where there are pies, borscht and delicious kvass. On the other hand, people thrown to the sidelines of life. Former "fists" today are "shockets" and "elephants", causing pity for the boy. Trying to help them becomes a mistake. Rescues a child sick with mercy, an old sick dog.

5. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"

The protagonist of the story - Sotnikov - experienced a shock in his life. He, disobeying his father's prohibition, took his nominal pistol, which suddenly fired. It was hard for the boy to confess this to his father, but he did it not of his own free will, but at the request of his mother. When the boy told his father about his crime, he forgave him, but asked if he himself decided to do it? The child was not ready to answer this question and cowardly said: “Yes.” The poison of lies forever burned Sotnikov's soul, reminding him of a childhood mistake. This offense became decisive in the life of Sotnikov.

Since the 2014-2015 academic year, the final graduation essay has been included in the program of the state final attestation of schoolchildren. This format differs significantly from the classic exam. The work is non-subjective in nature, while relying on the knowledge of the graduate in the field of literature. The essay aims to identify the ability of the examinee to reason on a given topic and argue his point of view. Mainly, the final essay allows you to assess the level of speech culture of the graduate. Five topics from a closed list are offered for the examination paper.

1. Introduction
2. Main body - thesis and arguments
3. Conclusion - Conclusion

The final essay of 2016 assumes a volume of 350 words or more.

The time allotted for the examination work is 3 hours 55 minutes.

Themes of the final essay

The questions proposed for consideration are usually addressed to the inner world of a person, personal relationships, psychological characteristics and concepts of universal morality. So, the topics of the final essay of the 2016-2017 academic year include the following areas:

1. "Experience and Mistakes"

Here are the concepts that the examinee will have to reveal in the process of reasoning, referring to examples from the world of literature. In the final essay of 2016, the graduate must identify the relationship between these categories based on analysis, building logical relationships and applying the knowledge of literary works.

One such topic is "Experience and Mistakes".

As a rule, works from the course of the school curriculum in literature are a large gallery of different images and characters that can be used to write a final essay on the topic “Experience and Mistakes”.

• A.S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin"
• Roman M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
• The novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
• Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
• F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"
• The story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet"

Arguments for the final essay 2016 "Experience and mistakes"

• "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin

The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" clearly demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person's life, which can lead to serious consequences. So, the main character - Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins' house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. Friends met in a deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not such an agile shooter as Eugene. Misbehavior and a sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the life of the hero. Also here it is worth referring to the love story of Eugene and Tatyana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he realizes what a fatal mistake he made.

• "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky

The central question for the hero of the work F . M. Dostoevsky becomes a desire to understand his ability to act, to decide the fate of people, neglecting the norms of universal morality - “I am a trembling creature, or do I have the right?” Rodion Raskolnikov commits a crime by killing an old pawnbroker, and later realizes the gravity of the act committed. The manifestation of cruelty and inhumanity, a huge mistake that entailed the suffering of Rodion, became a lesson for him. Subsequently, the hero takes the true path, thanks to the spiritual purity and compassion of Sonechka Marmeladova. The perfect crime remains for him a bitter experience for life.

• "Fathers and Sons" by I.S. Turgenev

Essay example

On his life path, a person has to make a large number of vital decisions, choose how to act in a given situation. In the process of experiencing various events, a person acquires life experience, which becomes his spiritual baggage, helping in later life and interaction with people and society. However, we often find ourselves in difficult, contradictory conditions when we cannot guarantee the correctness of our decision and be sure that what we consider right now will not become a big mistake for us.

An example of the impact on a person's life of his actions can be seen in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The work demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person's life, which can lead to serious consequences. So, the main character - Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins' house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. Friends met in a deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not such an agile shooter as Eugene. Misbehavior and a sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the life of the hero. Also here it is worth referring to the love story of Eugene and Tatyana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he realizes what a fatal mistake he made.

It is also worth referring to the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, which reveals the problem of an error in the steadfastness of views and beliefs, which can lead to disastrous consequences.

In the work of I.S. Turgenev Evgeny Bazarov is a progressive-minded young man, a nihilist who denies the value of the experience of previous generations. He says that he does not believe in feelings at all: "Love is rubbish, unforgivable nonsense." The hero meets Anna Odintsova, with whom he falls in love and is afraid to admit it even to himself, because this would mean a contradiction to his own convictions of universal denial. However, later he falls mortally ill, without admitting it to his relatives and friends. Being seriously ill, he finally realizes that he loves Anna. Only at the end of his life, Eugene realizes how much he was mistaken in his attitude to love and a nihilistic worldview.

Thus, it is worth talking about how important it is to correctly evaluate your thoughts and actions, analyzing actions that can lead to a big mistake. A person is constantly in development, improving his way of thinking and behavior, and therefore he must act deliberately, relying on life experience.

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Reflection on the topic "Experience and mistakes" is always relevant - at any age, in any state with any mental orientation. However, any such reflection will certainly be carried out at its own level.

For example, for a small child, at his level, there is an understanding of legal or illegal things. If we consider a typical exemplary situation, we can draw certain conclusions. For example, a mother sends a four-year-old son to the garden to pick carrots, the son returns, but brings beets. She begins to say something reproachfully to him, the boy feels discomfort from the fact that “he did not bring what was asked for”, closes in on himself and understands with some sixth sense that he made a mistake, but he made it not because of his prank or harmfulness .

No matter how old a person is, he will equally treat his mistakes - whether he is four years old or forty years old, that is, with the same measure of responsibility. He will equally worry about his mistakes, and the more he makes mistakes, the faster the necessary experience will come to him in one or another area of ​​​​his activity.

It may well happen that a person repeatedly makes the same mistakes in his life, as if stepping on the same rake, which, by the way, hits the head very painfully. This gives rise to a feeling of dissatisfaction with what you are doing, as well as lamentation: “Well, why did this happen to me again? Why couldn't I do otherwise, after all, I've done it a thousand times already? Etc." There are many reasons for this, one of which is a special character trait when a person is in a hurry to live and does everything quickly due to some circumstances. In other words, he wants the best, but it turns out the opposite. This is how the hero of V. Shukshin Chudik behaved approximately (“Why am I like this?”)

Experience, no matter how bitter and sad it is, brings new rounds to the development of the personality. Yes, there is a residue in the depths of the soul from the fact that you did something wrong or irrationally, but the next time a similar situation happens, you can already play it safe and prevent a similar mistake.

Therefore, I would like to advise: do not be afraid of your own mistakes, it is better to smile and live on ... until a new mistake.

Short essay Experience and mistakes

A person's age does not affect his formation in such categories as experience and mistakes. Nobody is immune from them. However, the degree of responsibility is different for everyone. In other words, someone takes it very close to heart, someone does not.

It happens that people repeatedly make the same mistakes, in the people it is called "stepping on the rake again." Hence, not just a residue of dissatisfaction with their activities, but also endless lamentation: “Well, why is this happening to me again? Etc." There are many reasons for this, one of which is a special character trait when a person is in a hurry to live. In other words, he wants the best, but it turns out the opposite. Hence the disappointment, resentment of fate.

Therefore, I would like to advise: do not be afraid of your mistakes, but also try to think before you do something.

Final essay No. 3 Experience and mistakes for grade 11

Mistakes are part of our life. A person learns from their own or other people's mistakes. It is impossible to say that making mistakes is bad, because only the person who does nothing does not make mistakes. Our experience is made up of almost a lot of mistakes in life. But you must admit, some of our mistakes brought great pleasure, but, nevertheless, in our minds we understand that something in this world cannot be done, but something is possible. Sometimes, the biggest mistake in life leads to unusual consequences, a person can suddenly realize that this mistake is terribly small, and he was killed in vain because of it.

From childhood, our parents teach us what to do and what not to do, and we absorb these words like a sponge without understanding why it is impossible to step over the line of prohibition. Growing up, you can understand the words of your mom and dad, and perhaps even refute their fears. Sometimes, having crossed the taboo line, you stop being afraid of what many people fear, perhaps this was the first step on the path to happiness. Already such a transition gives experience to a person, great horizons are open for him. The accumulation of experience does not depend on age at all, even an adult can be stupid and inexperienced, and a child many times younger than him can have rich experience. Experience is in everything, in all human spheres of activity.

Every minute a person gains experience or improves it. The more active a person is in life, the more experience is inherent in him. It is useful to be inquisitive, because you discover for yourself those sources that are inaccessible to others and understand why a certain action follows one path of development. Experience and mistakes are closely related to each other, without one there is no second.

Burning people also gain experience. So do not be afraid to stumble, it is better to be afraid, not to understand why you stumbled, so as not to step on the same rake again.

Essays №4 Experience and mistakes.

I often make mistakes in my life. But these are minor errors, as no one suffers from them. But thanks to these mistakes, I can draw the right conclusions for myself, gain experience. I began to notice that my experience accumulates precisely because I make mistakes. And the mistakes themselves arise due to the fact that I do not want to listen to my parents. I understand that mom and dad are right, but sometimes curiosity takes over.

I know that all people on earth make mistakes, and there is nothing wrong with that. A person always needs experience, even if it is sad. But it is better, of course, to gain experience by learning, and not stumbling.

Some interesting essays

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Continue the following story: You don't know our Styopa? He's a scary bastard. - Yesterday I chopped all the firewood in half an hour

"Experience and Mistakes"

Official comment:

Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the price of mistakes on the way of knowing the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

“Experience and mistakes” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied to a lesser extent, because without mistakes there is no and cannot be experience. The literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, embarks on the path of spiritual and moral development. Giving an assessment of the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one's own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that an incorrectly made decision, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also most fatally affect the fate of others. In literature, we also encounter such tragic mistakes that affect the fate of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic direction.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

 You should not be shy for fear of making mistakes, the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

 In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raimund Popper

 Take advantage of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

 Modesty can be appropriate everywhere, but not in the matter of admitting one's mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

 It is easier to find the error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

List of references in the direction "Experience and errors"

A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

I. A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco"

A. I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet"

A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Guy de Maupassant "Necklace"

Materials for literary arguments.

M. Yu. Lermontov novel "A Hero of Our Time"

Only after losing Vera, Pechorin realized that he loved her. The worst mistake is not to appreciate what you have.

A secular lady and a relative of Princess Mary, Vera, arrived in Kislovodsk. Readers learned that Pechorin was once passionately in love with this woman. She also kept in her heart a bright feeling for Grigory Alexandrovich. Vera and Gregory met. And here we already saw another Pechorin: not a cold and evil cynic, but a man of great passions, who has not forgotten anything and feels suffering and pain. After meeting with Vera, who, being a married woman, could not connect with the hero in love with her, Pechorin threw himself into the saddle. He galloped over mountains and dales, exhausting his horse greatly.

On a horse exhausted from fatigue, Pechorin accidentally met Mary and frightened her.

Soon Grushnitsky, with an ardent feeling, began to prove to Pechorin that, after all his antics, he would never be received at the princess's house. Pechorin argued with his friend, proving the opposite.
Pechorin went to the ball to Princess Ligovskaya. Here he began to behave unusually courteously towards Mary: he danced with her like a fine gentleman, protected her from a tipsy officer, helped to cope with a swoon. Mary's mother began to look at Pechorin with different eyes and invited him to her house as a close friend.

Pechorin began to visit the Ligovskys. He became interested in Mary as a woman, but the hero was still attracted to Vera. On one of the rare dates, Vera told Pechorin that she was mortally ill with consumption, so she asks him to spare her reputation. Vera also added that she always understood the soul of Grigory Alexandrovich and accepted him with all his vices.

Pechorin, nevertheless, got along with Mary. The girl confessed to him that she was bored with all the fans, including Grushnitsky. Pechorin, using his charm, from nothing to do, made the princess fall in love with him. He couldn’t even explain to himself why he needed it: either to have fun, or to annoy Grushnitsky, or maybe show Vera that someone needed him too and, thereby, call her jealousy. Gregory succeeded in what he wants: Mary fell in love with him, but at first she hid her feelings.

Meanwhile, Vera began to worry about this novel. On a secret date, she asked Pechorin never to marry Mary and promised him a night meeting in return.

Pechorin, on the other hand, began to get bored in the company of both Mary and Vera.

Vera confessed to her husband her feelings for Pechorin. He took her out of the city. Pechorin, having learned about the imminent departure of Vera, mounted a horse and tried to catch up with his beloved, realizing that he had no one in the world more precious than her. He drove the horse, which died before his eyes.

A. S. Pushkin novel "Eugene Onegin"

People tend to do reckless things. Eugene Onegin rejected Tatyana, who was in love with him, which he regretted, but it was too late. Mistakes are thoughtless actions.

Eugene lived an idle life, walking along the boulevard during the day, and in the evening visiting luxurious salons, where famous people of St. Petersburg invited him. The author emphasizes that Onegin, “afraid of jealous condemnations,” was very careful about his appearance, so he could be in front of a mirror for three hours, bringing his image to perfection. Yevgeny returned from the balls in the morning, when the rest of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg rush to work. By noon, the young man woke up and again

"Until the morning his life is ready,
Monotonous and motley.

However, is Onegin happy?

“No: early the feelings in him cooled down;
He was tired of the noise of the world.

Eugene closes himself off from society, locks himself at home and tries to write on his own, but the young man does not succeed, because "he was sick of hard work." After that, the hero begins to read a lot, but understands that literature will not save him either: "like women, he left books." Eugene from a sociable, secular person becomes a closed young man, prone to a "caustic dispute" and "joke with bile in half."

Eugene lived in a picturesque village, his house was by the river, surrounded by a garden. Wanting to somehow entertain himself, Onegin decided to introduce new orders in his possessions: he replaced the corvée with "easy quitrent". Because of this, the neighbors began to be wary of the hero, believing that "he is the most dangerous eccentric." At the same time, Eugene himself shunned his neighbors, avoiding getting to know them in every possible way.

At the same time, a young landowner Vladimir Lensky returned to one of the nearest villages from Germany. Vladimir was a romantic nature. However, among the villagers, the figure of Onegin attracted Lensky's special attention, and Vladimir and Eugene gradually became friends.

Tatyana:

"Dika, sad, silent,
Like a doe forest is timid.

Onegin asks if he can see Lensky's beloved and a friend calls him to go to the Larins.

Returning from the Larins, Onegin tells Vladimir that he was pleased to meet them, but his attention was more attracted not by Olga, who "has no life in features", but by her sister Tatyana "who is sad and silent, like Svetlana." The appearance of Onegin at the Larins caused gossip that, perhaps, Tatyana and Evgeny were already engaged. Tatyana realizes that she has fallen in love with Onegin. The girl begins to see Eugene in the heroes of novels, dreaming about a young man, walking in the "silence of the forests" with books about love.

Eugene, who was disappointed with relationships with women in his youth, was touched by Tatyana's letter, and that is why he did not want to deceive the gullible, innocent girl.

Meeting Tatyana in the garden, Evgeny spoke first. The young man said that he was very touched by her sincerity, so he wants to "repay" the girl with his "confession". Onegin tells Tatyana that if a “pleasant lot ordered” him to become a father and husband, then he would not look for another bride, choosing Tatyana as “friend of the day<…>sad." However, Eugene "is not made for bliss." Onegin says that he loves Tatyana like a brother, and at the end of his "confession" turns into a sermon to the girl:

“Learn to rule yourself;
Not everyone will understand you like me;
Inexperience leads to trouble."

After a duel with Lensky, Onegin leaves

The narrator meets again with the already 26-year-old Onegin at one of the social events.

At the party, a lady appears with the general, who attracts the general attention of the public. This woman looked “quiet” and “simple”. Evgeny recognizes Tatyana in a secular lady. Asking a familiar prince who this woman is, Onegin learns that she is the wife of this prince and is really Tatyana Larina. When the prince brings Onegin to the woman, Tatyana does not betray her excitement at all, while Eugene is speechless. Onegin cannot believe that this is the same girl who once wrote him a letter.

In the morning, Evgeny was brought an invitation from Prince N., Tatyana's wife. Onegin, alarmed by memories, eagerly goes to visit, but the “stately”, “careless legislator of the hall” does not seem to notice him. Unable to stand it, Eugene writes a letter to the woman, in which he confesses his love for her.

One spring day, Onegin goes to Tatiana without an invitation. Eugene finds a woman weeping bitterly over his letter. The man falls at her feet. Tatyana asks him to get up and reminds Evgeny how in the garden, in the alley, she humbly listened to his lesson, now it's her turn. She tells Onegin that she was in love with him then, but found only severity in his heart, although she does not blame him, considering the man's act noble. The woman understands that now she is in many ways interesting to Eugene precisely because she has become a prominent secular lady. In parting, Tatyana says:

“I love you (why lie?),
But I am given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever"

And leaves. Eugene is "as if struck by a thunder" by Tatyana's words.

"But the spurs suddenly rang out,
And Tatyana's husband showed up,
And here is my hero
In a minute, evil for him,
Reader, we will now leave,
For a long time ... forever ... ".

I. S. Turgenev novel "Fathers and Sons"

Evgeny Bazarov - the path from nihilism to the acceptance of the versatility of the world.

Nihilist, a person who does not take principles on faithy.

Hearing Nikolai Kirsanov playing the cello, Bazarov laughs, which disapproves of Arkady. Denies art.

An unpleasant conversation took place during an evening tea party. Calling one landowner "rubbish aristocrat", Bazarov aroused the displeasure of the elder Kirsanov, who began to assert that by following the principles, a person benefits society. Eugene in response accused him of also living meaninglessly, like other aristocrats. Pavel Petrovich objected that the nihilists, by their denial, were only aggravating the situation in Russia.

Friends come to visit Odintsova. The meeting made an impression on Bazarov and he suddenly became embarrassed.

Bazarov did not behave the way he always did, which surprised his friend very much. He talked a lot, talked about medicine, botany. Anna Sergeevna willingly supported the conversation, as she understood the sciences. She treated Arkady like a younger brother. At the end of the conversation, she invited the young people to her estate.

While living on the estate, Bazarov began to change. He fell in love, despite the fact that he considered this feeling a romantic bilebird. He could not turn away from her and imagined her in his arms. The feeling was mutual, but they did not want to open up to each other.

Bazarov meets his father's manager, who says that his parents are waiting for him, they are worried. Eugene announces the departure. In the evening, a conversation takes place between Bazar and Anna Sergeevna, where they try to understand what each of them wants to get from life.

Bazarov confesses his love to Odintsova. In response, he hears: “You did not understand me,” and feels extremely embarrassed. Anna Sergeevna believes that without Yevgeny she will be calmer and does not accept his confession. Bazarov decides to leave

They were received well in the house of the elder Bazarovs. The parents were very happy, but knowing that their son did not approve of such a manifestation of feelings, they tried to be more restrained. During dinner, the father told how he runs the household, and the mother only looked at her son.

Bazarov spent very little time at his parents' house, as he was bored. He believed that their attention they interfere with his work. There was a dispute between friends, which almost turned into a quarrel. Arkady tried to prove that it was impossible to live like this, Bazarov did not agree with his opinion.

Parents, having learned about Yevgeny's decision to leave, were very upset, but tried not to show their feelings, especially his father. He reassured his son that if he had to leave, then he had to do it. After leaving, the parents were left alone and were very worried that their son had abandoned them.

On the way, Arkady decided to turn into Nikolskoye. Friends were greeted very coldly. Anna Sergeevna did not go down for a long time, and when she appeared, she had a displeased expression on her face and from her speech it was clear that they were not welcome.

Having met with Odintsova, Bazarov admits his mistakes. They tell each other that they just want to be friends.

Arkady confesses his love to Katya, asks for her hand and she agrees to become his wife. Bazarov says goodbye to his friend, viciously accusing him of being unsuited for decisive matters. Eugene leaves for his parents in the estate.

Living in the parental home, Bazarov does not know what to do. Then he begins to help his father, treats the sick. Opening a peasant who died of typhus, he accidentally wounds himself and becomes infected with typhus. A fever begins, he asks to send for Odintsova. Anna Sergeevna arrives and sees a completely different person. Before dying, Eugene tells her about his real feelings, and then dies.

Eugene rejected the love of his parents, rejected his friend, denied feelings. It was only on the verge of death that he was able to understand that he had chosen the wrong behavior in his life. We can't deny what we can't explain. Life is multifaceted.

I. A. Bunin story "The Gentleman from San Francisco"

Is it possible to gain experience without making mistakes? In childhood and adolescence, our parents protect us, advise us in problematic issues. This largely saves us from mistakes, helps to form character, to gain only useful experience in this life, although not everything always goes well. But we understand the real essence of life when we stand on the wing on our own. A more meaningful view of what is happening and a sense of responsibility make big changes in our lives. An adult person makes decisions independently, is responsible for himself, understands from his own experience what life is, seeks his own path through trial and error. To understand the true essence of the problem, one can only experience it for oneself, but it is not known what kind of test and difficulties this will bring, and how a person will be able to cope with it.

In Ivan Alekseevich Bunin's story "The Gentleman from San Francisco", the protagonist has no name. We understand that the author puts a deep meaning into his work. The image of a hero refers to people who make the mistake of postponing their lives for later. A gentleman from San Francisco devoted his whole life to work, he wanted to save enough money, become rich, and then start living. All the experience that the protagonist gained was related to his work. He did not pay attention to family, friends, himself. I can say that he did not pay attention to life, he did not enjoy it. Going on a trip with his family, a gentleman from San Francisco thought that his time was just beginning, but as it turned out, it ended there. His main mistake was that he put off his life for later, devoting himself only to work, and for many years he acquired nothing but wealth. The main character did not put his soul into his own child, did not give love and did not receive it himself. All he achieved was financial success, but he never knew the main thing in his lifetime.

The experience of the protagonist would be invaluable if others learned from his mistakes, but, unfortunately, this does not happen. Many people continue to put off their lives until later, which may never come. And the price for such an experience will be the one and only life.

A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet bracelet"

On the day of her name day, September 17, Vera Nikolaevna was expecting guests. The husband left in the morning on business and had to bring guests for dinner.

Vera Nikolaevna, whose love for her husband had long since degenerated into "a feeling of lasting, faithful, true friendship," supported him as best she could, saved money, and denied herself in many ways.

After dinner everyone except Vera sat down to play poker. She was about to go out onto the terrace when the maid called her. On the table in the office, where both women entered, the servant laid out a small package tied with a ribbon, and explained that a messenger had brought it with a request to hand it over to Vera Nikolaevna personally.

Vera found a gold bracelet and a note in the bag. First, she began to examine the decoration. In the center of a low-grade gold bracelet stood out several magnificent garnets, each about the size of a pea. Examining the stones, the birthday girl turned the bracelet, and the stones flared up like "charming deep red living lights." With anxiety, Vera realized that these fires looked like blood.

He congratulated Vera on Angel Day, asked him not to be angry with him for daring to write letters to her a few years ago and expect an answer. He asked to accept as a gift a bracelet, the stones of which belonged to his great-grandmother. From her silver bracelet, he, exactly repeating the location, transferred the stones to the gold one and drew Vera's attention to the fact that no one had yet worn the bracelet. He wrote: “however, I believe that there is no treasure in the whole world worthy of decorating you” and admitted that all that is now left in him is “only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion”, an every minute desire for happiness to the Faith and joy if she is happy.

Vera pondered whether to show the gift to her husband.

On the way to the crew waiting for the general, Anosov talked with Vera and Anna about the fact that he had not met true love in his life. According to him, “love should be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world."

The general asked Vera about what was true in the story told by her husband. And she gladly shared with him: "some madman" pursued her with his love and sent letters even before marriage. The princess also told about the parcel with the letter. In thought, the general noted that it was quite possible that Vera's life was crossed by "a single, all-forgiving, ready for anything, modest and selfless" love that any woman dreams of.

Shein and Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovsky, Vera's husband and brother, paid a visit to her admirer. It turned out to be an official Zheltkov, a man of thirty or thirty-five.Nikolai immediately explained to him the reason for the arrival - with his gift, he crossed the line of patience of Vera's relatives. Zheltkov immediately agreed that he was to blame for the persecution of the princess. Zheltkov asked permission to write a last letter to Vera and promised that the visitors would never hear or see him again. At the request of Vera Nikolaevna, he "as soon as possible" stops "this story."

In the evening, the prince gave his wife the details of the visit to Zheltkov. She was not surprised by what she heard, but was slightly agitated: the princess felt that "this man will kill himself."

The next morning, Vera learned from the newspapers that the official Zheltkov committed suicide due to the waste of state money. All day Sheina thought about the "unknown person", whom she never got to see, not understanding why she foresaw the tragic denouement of his life. She also remembered the words of Anosov about true love, which may have met on her way.

The postman brought Zheltkov's farewell letter. He admitted that he regards love for Vera as a great happiness, that his whole life lies only in the princess. He asked for forgiveness for the fact that “an uncomfortable wedge crashed into Vera’s life”, thanked her simply for the fact that she lives in the world, and said goodbye forever. “I tested myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love, which God was pleased to reward me for something. Leaving, I say in delight: “Hallowed be thy name,” he wrote.

After reading the message, Vera told her husband that she would like to go and see the man who loved her. The prince supported this decision.

Vera found an apartment that Zheltkov rented. The landlady came out to meet her, and they started talking. At the request of the princess, the woman told about the last days of Zheltkov, then Vera went into the room where he was lying. The expression on the face of the deceased was so peaceful, as if this man "before parting with life, learned some deep and sweet secret that resolved his entire human life."

At parting, the landlady told Vera that if a woman suddenly died and a woman came to say goodbye, Zheltkov asked me to tell her that the best work of Beethoven - he wrote down his name - “L. van Beethoven. Son. No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato.

Vera wept, explaining her tears by the painful "impression of death."

Faith made a major mistake in her life, she missed sincere and strong love, which is very rare.

Final essay on the topic "Experience and mistakes".

Works used in the argumentation: L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Introduction: Life develops in such a way that everything is intertwined in it: love and hate, ups and downs, experience and mistakes ... One is impossible without the other and it seems that every person once stumbled, understood the wrongness of his actions and learned important lessons for himself .

Since ancient times, the expression has been known: a smart person learns from the mistakes of others, and a fool learns from his own. Most likely, this is true, because it was not in vain that many generations of ancestors sought to pass on their conclusions to their descendants, tried to teach children how to live correctly with useful advice and wrote down the wisdom of bygone centuries in books.

The huge literary heritage left by great writers and poets is an invaluable treasure of life experience that can warn us against many mistakes. Let us consider just a few examples of how in works of fiction the authors, through the actions of their characters, warn the reader about the danger of committing wrong actions.

Arguments: In the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova, already being the bride of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, succumbs to temptation and is carried away by Andrei Kuragin. The girl is still young, naive and pure in her thoughts, her heart is ready to love, to succumb to impulses, but the lack of life experience inclines her to a fatal mistake - to run away with an immoral person, for whom all life consists of passions. An experienced seducer, who, moreover, is formally married, did not think about marriage, that he could simply disgrace the girl, Natasha's feelings were not important to him. And she was sincere in her illusory love. Only miraculously, the escape did not take place: Marya Dmitrievna prevented the girl from leaving the family. Later, realizing her mistake, Natasha repents, cries, but the past cannot be returned back. Prince Andrei will not be able to forgive his ex-bride for such a betrayal. This story teaches us a lot: first of all, it follows from it that one cannot be naive, one must be more attentive to people, not build illusions and try to be able to distinguish lies from truth.

Another example of the fact that the experience of other people is important for avoiding one's own mistakes can be the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The title itself hints at the moral of the whole work: there will be retribution for misconduct. And so it happens: Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a poor student, comes up with a theory according to which people can be divided into "trembling creatures" and "having the right." People of the second category, in his opinion, in order to achieve great things, should not be afraid to step over corpses. For the sake of testing his own theory and instant enrichment, Raskolnikov commits a cruel crime - he kills an old pawnbroker and her pregnant sister with an ax. However, the perfect does not bring the desired: as a result of long reflections, which circumstances prompt him to, the protagonist of the novel repents and accepts a well-deserved punishment, serving him in hard labor. This story is instructive in that it warns readers against fatal mistakes that could have been avoided.

Conclusion: Thus, it is safe to say that experience and mistakes in people's lives are inextricably linked. And in order to prevent fatal false steps, it is worth relying on the wisdom of the past, including the instructive plots of literary works.