is an English writer of Scottish origin. representative of English neo-romanticism

Born in Edinburgh November 13, 1850. His father was a hereditary engineer, his mother was a representative of an old family.

Stevenson wrote his first work in 1866 - this is a historical essay "The Pentland Rebellion".

Stevenson received his education at the Edinburgh Academy, from 1871 to 1875 - at the University of Edinburgh, at the Faculty of Law. Having received a lawyer's diploma after graduation, he, nevertheless, did not engage in practical activities in the field of jurisprudence.

During the years 1873-1879. he lived mainly in France, and the source of income was the modest earnings of a writer who was just starting his career in literature, but showed promise. Kayak trips along the rivers of the country allowed him to accumulate impressions, which he set out in a book published in 1878. The first work of an adult Stevenson was a series of essays called "Journey inland". In 1882, his "Etudes on well-known people and books" were published.

In 1880, Stevenson was diagnosed with tuberculosis, which forced him to move to a more favorable climate for the organism. Having visited Southern France, Switzerland, England, and America, Stevenson and his family traveled around the South Pacific Ocean - both in order to improve their health and to collect materials for the next essays. Having visited the Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, Hawaii, Australia, they decided to settle in Samoa for a long time.

The local climate turned out to be healing for Stevenson, in any case, the works that brought him world fame and made him a classic of the genre were written here. In 1883, the novel “ Treasure Island"- a recognized masterpiece of adventure literature. Subsequently, the novels "Kidnapped" (1886), "The Owner of Ballantra" (1889) appeared, which strengthened his fame as a master of an entertaining plot, the psychological accuracy of drawing images. In 1893, a collection of short stories was published under the title Evening Conversations on the Island. Poetry collections also came out from under his pen - "Children's Flower Garden of Poems" (1885), "Ballads" (1890). Until the end of his life he remained an essayist and publicist. Very promising, according to researchers, Stevenson's last novel, Wear Hermiston, remained unfinished.

Stevenson Robert Lewis (1850-1894) - English writer, Scot by origin, literary critic, poet, founder and theorist of neo-romanticism.

Stevenson was born in Edinburgh (Scotland) in the family of an engineer - a lighthouse builder. I have been sick a lot since childhood. It seemed that he did not have the opportunity to become the author of one of the most famous adventure novels in the future, since he had an extremely large number of diseases. Read below in more detail the biography of Robert Stevenson.

Childhood illness and the beginning of creativity

From early childhood, he was a resident, in his own words, of the “blanket country”. Indeed, due to constant ill health, he spent more time in bed than in boyish games on the street or at the table, reading an interesting book. Doctors diagnosed a twelve-year-old boy with a terrible diagnosis - consumption. In those days it was equated with death. Perhaps, in fact, these difficult trials taught Stevenson to appreciate life, sincerely rejoice in every day lived and try to be happy.

Can't go on a real sea voyage? And then the dream and fantasy came to the rescue. His nanny developed his creative abilities in him, who knew many stories, recited the poems of R. Burns by heart and told scary stories at night. At the age of 15, the first work appeared in the biography of Robert Stevenson - he wrote his first book, Petland Uprising.

At the age of 17, Robert began studying law at the University of Edinburgh (graduating in 1875). Although Stevenson trained as a lawyer, his greatest dream was to become a writer.

Stevenson's Treasure Island is an unrivaled masterpiece

Glory came to him when in 1883 he published the novel Treasure Island in a separate edition. As the writer recalled, he once played with his stepson Lloyd Osborne. They competed to see who could draw the best map. It was then that Stevenson created a map of Treasure Island. On the second day, he sat down to write a novel, which he called The Ship's Chef, but the publisher did not like this title, and they decided to change the title to Treasure Island. The inquisitive reader will notice in this work the details of many famous adventure books. Stevenson did not deny this. He frankly said that, for example, the parrot for the novel "flew" from Robinson Crusoe, and he borrowed the skeleton from the short story of the famous American writer Edgar Allan Poe "The Gold Bug". By the way, the story underlying the novel "Treasure Island" is not such a fiction of a writer. In those days, as today, many people raved about the countless treasures of pirates or their victims, which were prudently hidden in different places on the globe and which could be found behind certain secret signs.

For example, on the island where Alexander Selkirk lived for more than four years and which was later named the island of Robinson Crusoe, they are still looking for a huge treasure that was hidden there a few years after the liberation of Selkirk. Stevenson seems to have collected in his book all the features and findings of adventure literature, which is hard to imagine without secret maps, hidden treasures and warlike pirates.

The first listeners and critics of the still unpublished novel were the father and stepson of the writer. Stevenson recalled that when it was necessary to fill the chest of Billy Bones, the writer's father spent almost a whole day on the back of an envelope from some business letter making a register of what should be in the cache of the former pirate. This list is almost completely included in the novel. In general, Stevenson managed to fill his work with details that, in the reader's imagination after this novel, were closely connected with the world of adventure and mystery: an incendiary pirate song, a terrible black mark, a mysterious map and an island lost in the ocean, full of gold washed with blood.

Declining health and moving to Samoa

The success of "Treasure Island" provided material prosperity to the Stevenson family, but the progressing disease required climate change, and so he left his beloved Scotland. The biography of Robert Stevenson was filled with new events and adventures. The writer, together with the whole family, went on a trip to the southern seas. He settled on the islands of Samoa in the Pacific Ocean. At first, the locals were wary of the stranger, because they were used to the fact that Europeans appeared in their area only to enrich themselves. But Stevenson did not show disdain for the local population, but he cordially received them in his house, which seemed to the locals a huge palace, and listened with pleasure to their stories from antiquity.

Very soon, local residents came to Stevenson's house not only to listen to the owner's amazing and incredible stories, but also to ask for help. He advised them on how to protect themselves from the colonialists, how best to take care of their land and where it is more profitable to sell certain goods. The white colonialists did not like the writer, but the locals, as a sign of special respect and trust, gave him the name Tuzitala - “white leader-storyteller”, because they believed in the magical power of his word. And this force was great, one has only to remember what kind of publicity Stevenson's article made in Europe about the shameless robbery of the islands by the leading European countries that colonized Samoa.

Surprising facts from Stevenson's biography

The Samoans built a road to Stevenson's house on their own and named it the Gratitude Road. The death of the writer for the locals was a great grief. They went in whole villages to say goodbye to Tuzitaloy. The council of chiefs decided to bury him on the top of the highest mountain. However, getting there was extremely difficult, because the mountain was surrounded on all sides by a dense tropical forest, and by that time not a single person had set foot on it. Then the strongest men set off and, at the cost of incredible efforts, cut a clearing in the humid jungle in order to get to the place of the last shelter of a man who could overcome fate. And then the leaders, under fear of great punishment from the gods, forbade everyone to shoot near the mountain where Stevenson's body was buried, "so that birds could calmly sing over his grave."

Stevenson's works are read with interest by both children and adults. Stevenson is considered the founder and theorist of the neo-romantic trend in literature. He keenly felt the gap between reality and dream and looked for the unusual in everyday life. The writer for the rest of his life retained a craving for beauty, sought to give life fullness and brightness, to find a hero in an ordinary person. Stevenson was extremely attentive to the word, he is considered an unsurpassed writer.

After reading the biography of Robert Stevenson, you can rate this writer at the top of the page.

English literature

Robert Louis Stevenson

Biography

Stevenson, Robert Louis (1850−1894), Scottish-born English writer. Born November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh. After graduation, he entered the University of Edinburgh. Having opted for jurisprudence, he received the title of a lawyer, but hardly ever practiced.

In 1873-1879 he lived mainly in France on the meager earnings of a budding writer and rare money transfers from home, he became his man in the "towns" of French artists. He made a kayak trip along the rivers of France, described in his first published book Travel inland (An Inland Voyage, 1878), and a hike described in Travels with a donkey in the Cevennes (Travels with a Donkey in the Cvennes, 1879). In the village of Dreams, where artists gathered, he met Frances Matilda (Vandegrift) Osborn, an American ten years older than him, who was fond of painting. Having parted with her husband, she lived with children in Europe. Stevenson fell in love with her passionately, and as soon as the divorce was obtained, on May 19, 1880, the lovers were married in San Francisco. Their life together was marked by Fanny's vigilant concern for her sickly husband. Stevenson befriended her children, and subsequently his stepson (Samuel) Lloyd Osborne co-authored three of his books: The Wrong Box (1889), Ebb (The Ebb-Tide, 1894) and The Wrecker (1892).

In 1880 Stevenson was diagnosed with tuberculosis. In search of a salubrious climate, he visited Switzerland, the south of France, Bournemouth (England) and in 1887-1888 Saranac Lake in New York State. Partly because of ill health, partly to collect material for essays, Stevenson took a yacht to the South Pacific with his wife, mother, and stepson. They visited the Marquesas, Tuamotu, Tahiti, Hawaii, Micronesia and Australia, and purchased land in Samoa, deciding to settle in the tropics for the sake of economy. He called his possession Vailima (Five Rivers).

The climate of the island did him good: in the spacious plantation house in Wailima, some of his best works were written. In the same house on December 3, 1894, he suddenly died. Samoan worshipers buried him on top of a nearby mountain. On the tombstone are inscribed the words from his famous testament ("Under the vast starry sky").

The success of Stevenson's famous books is partly due to the fascination of the topics covered in them: pirate adventures in Treasure Island (Treasure Island, 1883), horror fiction in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) and children's enthusiasm in the Children's flower garden of verses (A Child's Garden of Verses, 1885). However, in addition to these advantages, one should note the impetuous drawing of John Silver's character, the density of the syllable in Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the sparkles of irony in the Children's Flower Garden of Poems, testifying to the versatility of his talent.

He began his literary career with essays, extremely valued at that time, written in a relaxed manner, and never betrayed this genre. His articles on writers and writing art - Modest objection (A Humble Remonstrance, 1884), Dreams (Dreams, 1888), About some technical elements of literary style (On Some Technical Elements of Style in Literature, 1885), etc. - bring him closer to G. James. In travel notes Traveling with a donkey, Squatters Silverado (The Silverado Squatters, 1883) and In the South Seas (In the South Seas, 1890) skillfully recreated the local flavor, besides the latter are of particular interest to researchers. Stevenson's obscure literary anecdotes are among the most caustic, witty, and concise in English literature. He wrote poems occasionally and rarely took them seriously.

To penetrate the world of some of Stevenson's works - Stolen (Kidnapped, 1886) and its continuation of Catriona (Catriona, 1893; magazine version of David Balfour - David Balfour), The Master of Ballantre (The Master of Ballantrae, 1889), Merry Men (The Merry Men, 1882), Cursed Janet (Thrawn Janet, 1881) - the reader will need at least a superficial acquaintance with the language and history of Scotland. Almost all of them - with the exception of Cursed Janet, a little gem in the ghost story genre - are unevenly written. Black Arrow (The Black Arrow, 1883) and St. Ives (St. Ives, 1897) can be attributed to the number of obvious failures. Mistake and the Suicide Club (The Suicide Club, 1878), as well as the stories that are their continuation (some co-written with Fanny), not everyone will like it. However, The Beach of Falesa is one of the best stories ever written about the South Seas, and the island fantasies that were often printed with it The Bottle Imp (1891) and The Isle of Voices are extremely entertaining. , 1893). It is generally accepted that Weir of Hermiston (1896) could be one of the great novels of the 19th century, but Stevenson managed to finish only a third of the book.

Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh on 11/13/1850, the son of an engineer. After graduating from school, he entered the University of Edinburgh in the engineering department, but later transferred to law, where in 1875 he received the title of lawyer.

The first book, called by the author “Pentland Rebellion. A Page of History, 1666”, was published in 1866 in an edition of only one hundred copies at the expense of his father. During 1873-1879. Stevenson lives mainly in France, working as a writer for pennies. Interested in painting, communicates with French artists. He travels a lot, which he describes in his books: 1878 - "Journey inland", 1879 - "Journey with a donkey".

In 1880, he marries Frances Mathilde (Vandegrift) Osborn, a divorced American woman with children who is fond of painting. Due to tuberculosis (diagnosed in 1880), the writer and his family often move, trying to find a suitable climate. They visit Switzerland, live a little in the south of France, in England and America. Then, taking his wife, mother and stepson with him, Stevenson sets off on a yacht trip to the South Pacific. And in the end, they buy land on one of the islands of Samoa and settle there for a long time, naming their estate Vailima (Five Rivers).

In this large plantation house, the writer composed some of his best works. In it, he died suddenly on December 3, 1894. He was buried at the top of Mount Weah.

Stevenson's books are a great success, which can be explained by fascinating themes: pirate adventures ("Treasure Island"), fantasy, horror ("The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"), etc. and how beautifully he described the characters of the heroes of his works and skillfully recreated the flavor of the places he wrote about.

Robert Louis Stevenson- English writer of Scottish origin. Born November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, in the family of an engineer. At baptism, he received the name Robert Lewis Balfour, but in adulthood he abandoned it, changing his surname to Stevenson, and writing his middle name from Lewis to Louis (without changing the pronunciation).

From his youth, Robert was inclined towards technical studies. After graduation, he entered the University of Edinburgh. Having opted for jurisprudence, he received the title of a lawyer, but he hardly ever practiced, since his state of health, on the one hand, and his first successes in the literary field, on the other, convinced him to prefer literature to advocacy. In 1873-1879 he lived mainly in France on the meager earnings of a budding writer and rare money transfers from home, he became his man in the "towns" of French artists. Stevenson's trips to France, Germany and his native Scotland date back to the same period, as a result of which his first two books of travel impressions appeared - An Inland Voyage (1878) and Travels with a Donkey (Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes, 1879). "Essays" written during this period were collected by him in the book "Virginibus Puerisque" (1881).

In the French village of Greuse, famous for its collections and meetings of artists, Robert Lewis met Frances Mathilde (Vandegrift) Osborne, an American ten years older than him, who was fond of painting. Having parted with her husband, she lived with children in Europe. Stevenson fell in love with her passionately, and as soon as the divorce was obtained, on May 19, 1880, the lovers were married in San Francisco. Their life together was marked by Fanny's vigilant concern for her sickly husband. Stevenson befriended her children, and subsequently his stepson (Samuel) Lloyd Osborne co-authored three of his books: The Extraordinary Luggage (1889), The Ebb (1894) and The Castaways (1892).

In 1880 Stevenson was diagnosed with tuberculosis. In search of a salubrious climate, he visited Switzerland, the south of France, Bournemouth (England) and, in 1887–1888, Saranac Lake in New York State. Partly because of ill health, partly to collect material for essays, Stevenson took a yacht to the South Pacific with his wife, mother, and stepson. They visited the Marquesas, Tuamotu, Tahiti, Hawaii, Micronesia and Australia, and purchased land in Samoa, deciding to settle in the tropics for the sake of economy. He called his possession Vailima (Five Rivers). Striving for the closest communication with the locals, Stevenson took a deep part in their fate and appeared in print exposing the colonial administration - the novel "Eight Years in Danger in Samoa" belongs to this period in his work ("A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, 1893). Stevenson's protest was, however, only a romantic protest, but he was not forgotten by people.

The climate of the island did him good: in the spacious plantation house in Wailima, some of his best works were written. In the same house on December 3, 1894, he suddenly died. Samoan worshipers buried him on top of a nearby mountain. On the tombstone are inscribed the words from his famous "Testament" ("Under the immense starry sky...").

Stevenson's main contribution to literature can be called the fact that he revived the adventure and historical novel in England. But with all the skill of narration, he failed to raise it to the heights on which these genres stood among his predecessors. For the most part, the author was interested in adventure for the sake of adventure, the deeper motives of the adventure novel, like those of Daniel Defoe, were alien to him, and in the historical novel he refused to depict large social events, limiting himself to showing the adventures of heroes for whom history serves only as an accidental background.

The success of Stevenson's famous books is partly due to the fascination of the topics covered in them: pirate adventures in Treasure Island (1883), horror fiction in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , 1886) and children's enthusiasm in "Children's Flower Garden of Verses" (A Child's Garden of Verses, 1885). However, in addition to these advantages, John Silver's rapid character drawing, syllable density in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, sparkles of irony in "Children's flower garden of verses”, testifying to the versatility of his talent.

He began his literary activity with essays, extremely valued at that time, written in a relaxed manner, and never betrayed this genre. His articles on writers and writing are A Humble Remonstrance (1884), Dreams (Dreams, 1888), On Some Technical Elements of Style in Literature, 1885, and others - bring him closer to G. James. The travelogues Traveling with a Donkey, The Silverado Squatters (1883) and In the South Seas (1890) masterfully recreate local flavor, and the latter are of particular interest to explorers. Stevenson's obscure literary anecdotes are among the most caustic, witty, and concise in English literature. He wrote poems occasionally and rarely took them seriously.

To penetrate the world of some of Stevenson's works - "Kidnapped" (Kidnapped, 1886) and its sequel "Catriona" (Catriona, 1893; magazine version of "David Balfour" - David Balfour), "The Master of Ballantrae" (The Master of Ballantrae, 1889) , "The Merry Men" (The Merry Men, 1882), "Cursed Janet" (Thrawn Janet, 1881), - the reader will need at least a superficial acquaintance with the language and history of Scotland. Nearly all of them—with the exception of Cursed Janet, a little gem in the ghost story genre—are unevenly written. "Black Arrow" (The Black Arrow, 1883) and "St. Ives" (St. Ives, 1897) can be attributed to the number of obvious failures. The Extraordinary Luggage and The Suicide Club (1878), as well as the stories that are their continuation (some written in collaboration with Fanny), will not be to everyone's taste. However, The Beach of Falesa is one of the best stories ever written about the South Seas, and the island fantasies often published with it The Bottle Imp (1891) and The Island of Voices are extremely entertaining. (The Isle of Voices, 1893). It is generally accepted that Weir of Hermiston (1896) could have become one of the great novels of the 19th century, but Stevenson managed to finish only a third of the book.

11/13/1850, Edinburgh - 12/03/1894, Fr. Upolu, Samoa
English writer

Robert Louis Stevenson is not at all the respectable gentleman he claims to be! In 1876, this man received an "initiation" that connected him with the world of sea robbers. He seized control of Captain Filenta's pirate brig and sailed for several months in the Antilles. Then, having learned about the existence of hidden treasures, he grabbed the treasured map of the island and fled from the ship. But then luck changed the pirate. Never having found the coveted treasure, he reached the civilized land and settled there under the name of Stevenson. And about his adventures he wrote the novel "Treasure Island".
Do not be alarmed, this is just a legend, a figment of the imagination of sensational readers. The real Stevenson was neither a pirate, nor a sea wolf, nor a discoverer of new lands. The true life of the writer was rather ordinary and even poor in outward events.
He was born in Edinburgh, the son of Scottish engineers, famous lighthouse builders. "My childhood Stevenson recalled, to tell the truth it was bleak. Fever, delirium, insomnia, painful days, endless nights". The boy's father, Sir Thomas, sitting at the bedside of his son with tuberculosis, told him fascinating stories about brave robbers, desperate voyages, buried treasures.
Isn't that why the answer to the question "who to be?" subsequently arose by itself - of course, a writer. But the writer, the parents thought, was not a serious profession. Yielding to their persuasion, Stevenson entered the law faculty of the University of Edinburgh and in 1875 received the right to practice law. Needless to say, he never took advantage of this right.
In his youth, Louis dreamed of distant wanderings. But life turned out in such a way that he traveled more often not out of spiritual inclination, but out of cruel necessity. First, at the insistence of doctors, to the mild climate of France, Holland and Belgium, then to California for his American bride, Fanny Osborne, and, at the end of her life, to the islands of the Samoa archipelago.
It is not surprising that one of Stevenson's first published books - "Journey inland" - was a story about his wanderings, which, in truth, did not arouse much interest among readers.
But then one day ... Playing with his adopted son Lloyd Osborne, Stevenson drew a map of the island. "What is the name of this land?" the boy asked. “Treasure Island,” the author thoughtlessly replied, not suspecting that from that moment he began to create his most famous novel. So unexpectedly from the game was born the idea to write an adventure book - "fun story for boys". In a letter to a friend, Stevenson said that it would be a novel about pirates, about a map and treasure, about a riot and an abandoned ship, about old Squire Trelawny and a doctor, and another doctor, and a cook with one leg. That the action begins at the Admiral Benbow Inn in Devon. And that they would sing the pirate song "Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum" - a real pirate song known only to the team of the late Captain Flint ...
The writer's father and, of course, Lloyd Osborne took part in the creation of the novel. It was at the request of the boy that Stevenson did not include women in the narrative, except for Jim Hawkins' mother. And in general, Lloyd was the first critic and editor of Treasure Island - every morning Stevenson read to him the pages written during the night.
The novel was first published in 1883. The reaction of the readers turned out to be more than unexpected - the author was literally flooded with letters asking him to give the exact coordinates of the island, because some of the treasures remained there. Naive contemporaries could not believe that the events of the novel are not personal experience, but just a figment of the writer's imagination.
Treasure Island is Stevenson's most famous, but by no means the only work. The writer also has a novel about medieval England "The Black Arrow", and books about the life and adventures of the Scottish youth David Balfour, and a fantastic story "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". The Possessor of Ballantre, the deepest of Stevenson's completed novels, the cycles of short stories The Diamond of the Raja, the short story Bed of François Villon, have long become classics of world literature. In addition, the writer wrote a wonderful poetic collection "Kindergarten of Poems".
According to another English writer, Rudyard Kipling, all these books are “…true black and white filigree, finished to the exact thickness of a hair”.
Stevenson's legacy includes several dozen volumes - so much has been done in fifteen years of hard work. And he wrote until the last day of his short life, the end of which he had to spend on the Pacific island of Upolu - in places with an ideal climate for a person suffering from tuberculosis. In the same place, the writer died, before reaching the age of forty-five and not having time to finish the novel - “Wear Hermiston”.
Fulfilling the last will of Stevenson, his relatives buried him above the sea, on the top of Mount Weah. On the grave of the writer to this day lies a stone with half-erased lines of the "Requiem", written once by a very young Louis:

Nadezhda Voronova

WORKS OF R.L. STEVENSON

COLLECTED WORKS: In 8 volumes: Per. from English. - M.: Terra - Book. club: Literature, 2001.

COLLECTED WORKS: In 5 volumes: Per. from English. - M.: Terra, 1993.

COLLECTED WORKS: In 5 volumes / Ed. ed. M. Urnova; Il. S. Brodsky. - M.: Pravda, 1967.

SELECTED WORKS: In 2 volumes: Per. from English. - M.: Literature: Text-Sample, 2000. - (World literature).
T. 1.: Treasure Island; Stolen; Catriona. - 638 p.
Vol. 2: Black Arrow; New Arabian Nights; Tales; stories; Poems and ballads. - 637 p.

FAVORITE: Per. from English. / Rice. L. Durasova. - M.: Det. lit., 1999. - 718 p.: ill. - (B-ka world lit. for children).
"House on the Dunes"
Lonely house on the shores of the North Sea. Quicksands. Storm winds. Seagulls circling over the shallows with a dull cry. Quite a suitable setting for a tragedy that will begin as soon as its participants appear. And they won't keep you waiting long. A ruined banker with a beautiful daughter, two gentlemen in love with her and Italian carbonari will fill this meager and gloomy landscape with violent passions.

OWNER BALLANTRE: Roman / Transl. from English. I.Kashkina // Stevenson R.L. Possessor of Ballantrae; stories; Tales. - M.: Pravda, 1987. - S. 5-216.

The godless, treacherous, courageous and seductive eldest son of the Scottish Lord Darrisdeer James, the ruler of Ballantre, without any remorse is engaged in sea robbery, does not disdain the craft of a spy, and, returning home, systematically drives his brother to insanity.
Henry's youngest son is loyal, sensible and persistent. He protects the family honor, keeps the family hearth and ... hates James.
This mutual hatred both repels and attracts both, forcing them to whirl in a swift whirlpool of fatal events, until, finally, it drags them into a single funnel of crime and punishment.

ACCOMMODATION FRANCOIS VILLON: Story / Per. from English. I.Kashkina // Stevenson R.L. Accommodation François Villon; Suicide Club; Treasure Island; Black arrow; The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; Possessor of Ballantrae; Satanic bottle. - M.: AST: Pushkinskaya b-ka, 2003. - S. 6-78.
The French poet, his brilliant poems, mysterious personality and tragic fate interested R. L. Stevenson so much that in 1877 he wrote a serious article about him “Francois Villon, scientist, poet and burglar” and at the same time made the main character of his first work of art. Perhaps only by "resurrecting" Villon, walking with him through the streets of freezing winter Paris and finding a random shelter, Stevenson was able to directly address his imaginary interlocutor.

TREASURE ISLAND / Per. from English. N. Chukovsky; Artistic G. Brock. - M.: Vagrius, 2004. - 351 p.: ill. - (Pushkin library).
“... a map of some island fell on the table, with latitude and longitude, with the designation of the depths of the sea near the coast, with the names of hills, bays and capes ... eyes three crosses made in red ink - two in the northern part of the island and one in the southwestern. Near this last cross, in the same red ink, in a clear handwriting ... it was written:
“The main part of the treasure is here.”
Well, is there really a person whom such a document will leave indifferent! So the heroes of the book - Squire Trelawney, Dr. Livesey and the young man Jim Hawkins - were immediately delighted and decided to immediately go in search of treasure.
More about Treasure Island...

STOPPED; KATRIONA: [Novels] / Per. from English. S. Ledneva, I. Gurova - M.: AST, 2003. - 478 p.: ill. - (B-ka adventures).
“Kidnapped: Notes on the Adventures of David Balfour in 1751, how he was kidnapped and wrecked; about his suffering on a deserted island; about his wanderings in the wild mountains; of his acquaintance with Alan Breck Stewart and other prominent Jacobites of the Scottish highlands; and of all that he suffered at the hands of his uncle Ebenezer Balfour, falsely called the owner of Shoos, written by himself and now published by Robert Louis Stevenson ".
It was this long title, stylized as the 18th century, that the author came up with for the novel.
Catriona" - a continuation of "Kidnapped". In it, David Balfour meets Catriona, the granddaughter of the famous Rob Roy.

THE ADVENTURES OF PRINCE FLORIZEL / [Transl. from English. T. Litvinova, E. Lopyreva]. - St. Petersburg: Crystal, 2001. - 158 p. - (Old style).
At times, Prince Florizel was attacked by the blues. And then he wandered around London in the evening in search of adventure ... Just like Caliph Harun al-Rashid.
In 1878, Stevenson's stories from the Suicide Club and Raja's Diamond series were published in London magazine under the general title Modern Thousand and One Nights.

SAINT-IV; PRINCE OTTO: [Novels]: Per. from English. / Art. G.Vanshenkina. - M.: DIAMOND, 1994. - 622 p.: ill. - (B-ka adventure continues).
The hero of the unfinished novel "Saint-Yves" is a French viscount, a rake and a duelist. Captain Jacques Saint-Yves, demoted to the ranks, one day finds himself in the army. Passion for adventures and desperate courage do not leave him on the battlefields. Even having fallen into enemy captivity, Saint-Yves does not intend to linger there for a long time ...
A distant prototype of Stevenson's hero was the French General Marbo. By the way, Conan Doyle also used the memoirs of the Napoleonic general to create the image of the brave Brigadier Gerard.
But in the novel “Prince Otto”, readers, finding themselves at the court of the tiny principality of Grunewald, will be able to witness complex political intrigues and light romantic adventures, in which both the weak-willed Prince Otto and the determined Princess Serafina will take an active part.

THE STRANGE STORY OF DR. JEKYL AND MR. HYDE: Per. from English. - M.: AST: Ermak, 2003. - 380 p. - (World classics).
Tale "about a man who was two people" shocked Stevenson's contemporaries. Even the rector of St. Paul's Cathedral once dedicated an entire sermon to her.
There is a legend that Stevenson saw the story of Jekyll-Hyde in a dream.

BLACK ARROW: A Tale from the War of the Scarlet and White Roses / Per. from English. M. and N. Chukovsky; Artistic I. Tsygankov. - M .: Books of the "Seeker", 2002. - 255 p.: ill. - (B-ka det. Literature).
This book is for those who want to visit a medieval castle, hear the noise of battles between the supporters of the Scarlet and White Roses, and witness the adventures of the young nobleman Dick Shelton.
More about Black Arrow...

- Works,
written by R. L. Stevenson
together with L. Osborne -

The covers of the three books listed below do not always bear the names of both co-authors. Most often, publishers stubbornly "do not notice" Lloyd Osborne, citing the fact that "collaboration of the famous writer with nothing particularly distinguished and still very young man" if it was not a pure hoax, then it was purely formal. However, this point of view is not the only one. And the arguments in defense of the copyright of the adopted son of R. L. Stevenson Lloyd Osborne are very convincing (see V. Svinin's preface to the story "Unbelievable Baggage").

Stevenson R.L. LOW TIDE // Stevenson R.L. Prince Otto; Low tide: [Trans. from English] / [Art. A. Gannushkin, A. Belov]. - M.: Book Chamber International, 1993. - S. 269-378.
"Ebb Tide" ... The very title of the novel concentrates the incredible strength and power of the elements. Ocean low tide exposes the shoals and skeletons of broken ships. In human life, the same powerful ebbs occur. And then the soul is exposed. And it is impossible to hide and retreat, but only to accept your fate and survive.

Stevenson R.L. SHIPwrecked: Per. from English. T.Ozerskoy // Stevenson R.L. Treasure Island; Black arrow; Shipwrecked. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002. - S. 281-508.
This book, more than the other two, resembles an intricate game, during which the partners try to surprise the enemy by coming up with intricate and unpredictable moves. Therefore, the novel is filled to the brim with all sorts of mysteries and secrets, hidden evidence and clear hints. And to solve them without the help of the authors is almost impossible.

STEVENSON R.L., OSBORNE L. LONG BAGGAGE: A Tale / Per. from English. and foreword. V. Svinina; Designed V.Sapozhnikova. - Novosibirsk: Svinin and sons, 2004. - 293 p.
How can you call a corpse that arrived in London in a barrel and left the city in a concert grand piano? Of course, "exorbitant baggage." Its receipt for some addressees remained an unfulfilled dream, for others it became a nightmarish find. Naturally, in such a complex and confusing situation, all the defendants in this criminal case could use a little "reasonable frivolity". Fortunately, it was found both among the heroes and the authors.
More about "Unreal Baggage"...

- Poetry of R. L. Stevenson -

Stevenson R.L. KINDERGARTEN OF POEMS AND OTHER POEMS / Comp., foreword. and comment. M. Lukashkina. - In English. and Russian lang. - M.: Rainbow, 2001. - 349 p.: ill.
"These poems were composed by one whose life is easy"- so more than a hundred years ago, one reviewer wrote about the small poetry collection "Kindergarten of Poems". He was right. Poems written for children should be filled only with happiness and joy. And they do not need to remember the real life of the author. However, any illness and suffering can recede if you look at the world through children's eyes:

In addition to the Kindergarten of Poems, the book includes two more poetry collections by R. L. Stevenson, Instructive Emblems (joking edifications with drawings by the author) and Undergrowth, as well as ballads.

MARSHAK S.Ya. HEATHER HONEY: From Robert Stevenson / Fig. A. Harshak. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1981. - p.: ill.
Scotland… For the Russian ear, even the name of this country sounds like music, like an ancient ballad. But when a gray-haired legend lies on the melody of a simple and precise verse, then the heart always joins the hearing.

The ballad of courage and perseverance - Heather Honey - was written by Robert Louis Stevenson at the end of the 19th century. Half a century later, in the terrible year 1941, it was translated into Russian by Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak. Since then, the tune of Scotland has become our tune. And for us now, too, the honey-heather blooms, and the North Sea tirelessly rolls its heavy waves.

Nadezhda Voronova, Irina Kazyulkina

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORKS OF R.L. STEVENSON

Stevenson R.L. My first book "Treasure Island" / Per. from English. M. Kahn // Stevenson R.L. Fav. Prod.: In 3 volumes: T. 1. - M.: Respublika, 1992. - S. 161-169.

Stevenson F., Stevenson R.L. Four Years in Samoa: [Diary of Stevenson's Wife and Extracts from His Letters]: Per. from English. - Ed. 2nd, add. - M.: Nauka, 1989. - 223 p.: ill.

Andreev K. A sailor and a hunter from the hills // Andreev K. Adventure seekers. - M.: Det. lit., 1968. - S. 112-167.

Belousov R. Where are you from, Pirate John Silver?; How Mr. Brodie gave birth to Dr. Jekyll // Belousov R. The Hippocrene Mystery. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1978. - S. 229-292.

Belousov R. "Hispaniola" is heading for Treasure Island // Belousov R. Secrets of great books. - M.: RIPOL CLASSIC, 2004. - S. 281-338.

Vnukov N. Treasure Island: [About the island described in Stevenson's book] // I want to know everything! - L .: Det. lit., 1974. - S. 247-252.

Gakov Vl. The sailor returned home // Stevenson R.L. Treasure Island; Black arrow; Shipwrecked. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002. - S. 5-10.

Kashkin I. Robert Lewis Stevenson // Kashkin I. For a contemporary reader. - M.: Sov. writer, 1977. - S. 256-293.

Kashkin I. Robert Lewis Stevenson // Stevenson R.L. Treasure Island; Black arrow. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1981. - S. 406-414.

Kovalevskaya O. Stevenson's Island: [The history of the creation of Stevenson's book "Treasure Island"] // Bonfire. - 1991. - No. 12. - S. 28-29.

Lukanov I. Under the "Spyglass" sign: [About the prototypes of the characters in the book "Treasure Island"] // I want to know everything! - L .: Det. lit., 1974. - S. 253-258.

Maksimov A. House of Tusitaly: A Tale // Pioneer. - 1990. - No. 9-10.
The story is a legend about the last days of the writer's life.

Aldington R. Stevenson: Portrait of a Rebel / Per. from English. G. Ostrovskoy; Intro. Art. D. Urnova. - M.: Terra - Book. club, 2001. - 365 p.: ill. - (Portraits).

Pirate treasure: About treasures and treasure hunters, about pirates of different times and peoples. - Irkutsk: Oblinformpechat, B.g. - 605 p.: ill. - (Flying Dutchman).
From the contents: Belousov R. Course to the "Treasure Island"; Vnukov N. Treasure Island; Lukanov I. Under the sign "Spyglass"; Cassis W. Hoard.

Sventsitskaya O. Robert Lewis Stevenson // Encyclopedia for Children: V. 15: World Literature: Part 2: XIX and XX centuries. - M.: Avanta +, 2001. - S. 92-97.

Urnov M. Afterword // Stevenson R.L. Stolen; Catriona. - M.: Det. lit., 1987. - S. 506-511.

Urnov M. Robert Louis Stevenson // Stevenson R.L. Fav. Prod.: In 3 vols. - M.: Respublika, 1992. - T. 1. - S. 5-22.

Fradkin N. Sails of the brigantine // Land and people: Popul. geogr. yearbook. - M.: Geografgiz, 1975. - S. 301-303.

N.V., I.K.

SCREENINGS OF R.L. STEVENSON’S WORKS

- ART FILMS -

The Death of Apollonia: Based on the novel "The Shipwrecked". Dir. T.Ivo. Bulgaria-Czechoslovakia.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dir. W. Fleming. USA, 1941. Cast: S. Tracy, I. Bergman and others.
House on the dunes. Dir. D. Salynsky. USSR, 1985. Cast: A. Nevolina, A. Ryazantsev, E. Martsevich, I. Yasulovich and others.
Other drawer: Based on the novel "Extraordinary Baggage". Dir. B. Forbes. UK, 1966.
Testament of Dr. Cordelier. TV movie. Based on the story "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". Dir. J. Renoir. Comp. J. Cosma. France, 1958. In Ch. roles - J.L. Barro.
Treasure Island. Dir. W. Fleming. USA, 1934.
Treasure Island. Dir. V. Weinstock. Comp. N. Bogoslovsky. USSR, 1937. Cast: K.Pugacheva, O.Abdulov, M.Klimov, N.Cherkasov, M.Tsarev and others.
Treasure Island. Dir. J. Hugh et al. France-Great Britain-Italy et al., 1972. Orson Welles as John Silver.
Treasure Island. Dir. E. Friedman. Comp. A. Rybnikov. USSR, 1972. Cast: B.Andreev, A.Laanemets, L.Noreika, A.Masyulis, L.Shagalova, I.Klass, A.Fait and others.
Treasure Island. TV movie. In the 3rd ser. Dir. V.Vorobiev. Comp. E. Ptichkin. USSR, 1982. Cast: O. Borisov, Fedya Stukov, V. Strzhelchik, L. Markov, O. Volkova, V. Zolotukhin, N. Karachentsov, G. Yukhtin, G. Shtil and others.
Treasure Island. Dir. P. Rowe. Canada-UK, 2001.
Stolen. Dir. D.Mann. Comp. R.Budd. UK, 1971.
Stolen. TV movie. Dir. B. Meher. UK, 2005.
The Adventures of Prince Florizel: The Suicide Club, or the Adventures of a Titled Person. TV movie. In the 3rd ser. Based on the cycles of short stories "Diamond of the Raja" and "Suicide Club". Dir. E. Tatarsky. Comp. N. Simonyan. USSR, 1979. Cast: O.Dal, D.Banionis, I.Dmitriev, L.Polishchuk, I.Yankovsky, E.Solovey, V.Shevelkov, B.Novikov, M.Pugovkin, V.Basov and others.
Adventures of Saint-Yves. Dir. G. Hook. United Kingdom. 1998.
The strange story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dir. A.Orlov. Comp. E. Artemiev. USSR, 1985. Cast: I. Smoktunovsky, A. Feklistov, A. Lazarev, A. Budnitskaya, B. Freindlich, E. Martsevich, A. Vokach, T. Okunevskaya and others.
Owner of Ballantra. Dir. W. Kylie. Great Britain, 1953. Cast: E. Flynn, R. Laivisi.
Black arrow. Dir. S. Tarasov. Comp. I. Kantyukov. USSR, 1985. Cast: G. Belyaeva, I. Shavlak, L. Kulagin, Yu. Smirnov, A. Masyulis, B. Khimichev, A. Filippenko, Ya. Druz, B. Khmelnitsky and others.

- CARTOONS -

Heather honey: Based on the ballad by R. Stevenson. Dir. T.Gurvich. USSR, 1974.
Treasure Island. Dir. N. Prescott, B. Stan, H. Sutherland. USA, 1973.
Treasure Island. Dir. R. Petkov. Bulgaria, 1982.
Treasure Island: Captain Flint's Map. Dir. D. Cherkassky. USSR, 1986.
Treasure Island: Treasures of Captain Flint. Dir. D. Cherkassky. USSR, 1988.