When was the Russian Federation formed? What is the Russian Federation? Efim Andursky

February 27th, 2017 , 02:00 pm

Original taken from boris_vianne in post

The entity “Russian Federation - RF”, which at that time did not exist on the territory of the RSFSR\USSR, was initially created as a commercial structure and registered in London, and when checking it, it turned out that according to the register D-U-N-S© Number 531298725, this commercial structure has a General Director - Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev!
The Russian Federation has the status of a commercial management company that manages the territory, citizens, rights of the RSFSR and the rights of the USSR on the basis of some secret and illegal order from the President of the RSFSR - B. Yeltsin, the President of the USSR - M. Gorbachev and the Sovereign of the Russian Empire - Elizabeth II! In fact, the current Russian Federation is a British trading post, an occupation, colonial administration, like all its components: FSB\Ministry of Internal Affairs\Courts\Prosecutor's Office\Governors, etc. and this is easy to verify since they all have the same registration and permitted business activities. Here is just a list of organizations registered in the UK

by D&B D-U-N-S® Number:

LLC Government of the Russian Federation: 531298725

LLC Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation: 683530373 LLC

LLC Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation: 531213530 LLC

LLC Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation: 531646429

LLC Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation: 531646764 LLC

LLC Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation: 531645986

LLC Ministry of Property and Land Relations: 531674375

You can check the registration and status of any government bodies of the Russian Federation on the official resource for tracking legal entities here https://www.upik.de/en/upik_suche.cgi?new=1
The link works
Let's take a closer look:

The Russian Federation was created on the territory of the RSFSR illegally, through official forgery, by the President of the RSFSR B. Yeltsin.

The corresponding Law No. 2094-1 was signed by the official “President of the Russian Federation”, which is a malfeasance and forgery, since Boris Yeltsin at that time had the position of “President of the RSFSR”, but not “President of the Russian Federation”. You cannot self-appoint yourself to government positions and sign any documents with a position that does not correspond to the position you hold, since such a document loses legal force and is void from the moment of its creation.

The Russian Federation was formed after the collapse of the USSR. The collapse of the Soviet Union into republics was the largest geopolitical catastrophe of the 21st century. As a result, the bipolar model of the world was broken, and the only superpower remained - the United States. Only by 2014-15, Russia began to reach such levels in key indicators that made it possible to once again talk about a multipolar world, the center of which is becoming not only the United States, but also Russia and China.

The events of modern Russian history can be divided into 3 stages:

  1. Until October 4, 1993. Until this year, the USSR formally existed with the old Constitution. Yeltsin's attempt to change it led to armed clashes and the storming of the White House.
  2. The period of Boris Yeltsin's reign (1993-1999). Briefly, this period can be characterized as follows: economic decline, problems in all areas of the state, the war in Chechnya.
  3. 2000 – present. The reign of Vladimir Putin, interrupted once by Dmitry Medvedev. This is a period of stabilization of the economy and its transition to a stage of growth, solution of social problems, strengthening of Russia’s position in the international arena.

Federal Treaty

The Federal Treaty of March 31, 1992 formalized the creation of Russia as a state. Before this, there was a problem - the regions wanted more independence, and some even talked about separating from Russia. This became possible after Boris Yeltsin, in the last years of the existence of the USSR, at a meeting with regional leaders, repeated the same phrase “Take as much sovereignty as you want.” They took it.

The federal agreement was signed with all subjects of the federation except Chechnya and Tatarstan. Both regions talked about their independence. And if the case with Chechnya is known to everyone - the war began, then few people know that the Russian army was one step away from marching on Kazan. Subsequently, the Tatarstan issue was resolved diplomatically, and the Chechen issue - by force.

Events of September-October 1993

Until October 1993, the history of the Russian Federation demonstrated dual power: the President of the RSFSR (Yeltsin) on the one hand and the Supreme Council on the other. On September 21, Yeltsin issues decree No. 1400 “On the phased constitutional reform of the Russian Federation.” This was an attempt to bring Russia to the current form of the Constitution, but the problem is that it directly violated the Constitution in force at that time! Formally, Yeltsin broke the law. This resulted in the Supreme Council, on the night of September 23, 1993, recognizing Yeltsin’s actions as a coup d’etat and removing him from the post of president. In response, troops are brought into the capital, the building of the Supreme Council is stormed on October 3-4, and Yeltsin takes power into his own hands.

According to all the laws and norms of that time, this was an armed coup, which almost resulted in a civil war (or rather, it resulted in it, but only in one region - in the Caucasus).

On December 12, 1993, a new Constitution was adopted. According to it, Russia becomes a presidential republic, thereby all elements of the USSR were abolished.

  • Declaration of State Sovereignty.
  • The collapse of the USSR and the formation of the CIS.
  • "Shock therapy"
  • The rise of Yeltsin's authoritarian democracy

Board of B.N. Yeltsin


This stage of Russian history can be characterized in one word - A CRISIS. Moreover, it was a universal crisis: economic, political, social, geopolitical, and so on. There was a decline in all areas of the state's life.

This led to a power crisis of 1996-1999, as a result of which Boris Yeltsin voluntarily left the post of President of the Russian Federation on December 31, 1999, appointing his successor, Vladimir Putin. At that time, there was a real problem of preserving the integrity of the state, and the new president needed to solve it.

Main events of this time:

  • Creation of a new economic and political system
  • The emergence of oligarchs
  • Chechen War
  • 1998 default

Board of V.V. Putin

Vladimir Putin inherited a country with a huge number of problems, but he managed to overcome all of them. Key problems that required immediate intervention:


  • Economic decline. We managed to stop it quite quickly and transfer it to the growth stage.
  • Distrust of authorities. The population was driven to despair by terrible living conditions.
  • Social guarantees and obligations. Salaries, pensions, benefits - there were interruptions in almost everything.
  • War. A new round of the Chechen conflict introduced significant problems into the governance of the country.
  • NATO expansion to the East.

On all major issues, Putin managed to reform the country, directing it in a creative and positive direction. The best indicator of effectiveness is the support of the population, which is always extremely high for the president.

Main events of this period:

  • Consolidation of power
  • Solution to the Chechen problem
  • Growth of the country's economic well-being
  • Extension of the presidential term
  • Election of Dmitry Medvedev as President of Russia for 4 years
  • Conflict 08 08 08 (August 8, 2008).

Stages of state formation

Map of Russia


December 25, 1991 is considered the Day of Education of the Russian Federation (Russia). On this day, B.N. Yeltsin signed Law No. 2094-I “On changing the name of the state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.”

At first glance, everything is fine, the law is the law. The Supreme Council of the RSFSR, by its Decision, decided that the state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) should henceforth be called the Russian Federation (Russia) and Boris Yeltsin, as the President of the RSFSR, approved this Decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. The document contains the date, position and even the signature of Boris Yeltsin.

Everything is fine, if not for:

1) The RSFSR is not a state, it is a union republic within the state of the USSR.

2) This law No. 2094-1 was signed with the title “President of the Russian Federation,” which is a malfeasance and forgery, since B. Yeltsin at that time had the position of “President of the RSFSR,” but not “President of the Russian Federation.” You cannot self-appoint yourself to government positions and sign any documents with a position that does not correspond to the position you hold; such a document loses its legal force.

For example, I am the director of Romashka LLC and am signing an agreement with you as the director of Romashka + LLC. The question is, will such an Agreement have legal force? However, I do not have any supporting or registration documents. It would be a scam!

Reference: B. Yeltsin was inaugurated to the position of “President of the Russian Federation” only on August 9, 1996.

According to the current Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, Articles 184 and 185. All laws and other acts of state bodies of the RSFSR are issued on the basis and in accordance with the Constitution of the RSFSR, and any changes to the Constitution of the RSFSR are made only by a decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, adopted by a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

The highest body according to the constitution of the RSFSR (Article 15) is not the president of the RSFSR, and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. Therefore, Boris Yeltsin had no right to change the name of the republic on his own. This is generally the prerogative of the referendum.

SUMMARIZE

The first lines of the law indicate, “The Supreme Council of the RSFSR decides,” but as we previously found out, there was and is no decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on this matter, which means that:

On December 25, 1991, B. Yeltsin committed forgery (offense of office) and self-seizure of power (state crime);

Law No. 2041-1 on renaming was signed by a person without authority. If then Boris Yeltsin had signed the law as the President of the RSFSR, then everything would have been more or less normal, but he signed this law as the President of the Russian Federation;

In connection with the above, Law No. 2041-1 loses legal force, is illegal and void;

In connection with the above, renaming the RSFSR into the Russian Federation is also illegal and void;

In connection with the above, we still live in the RSFSR and are citizens of the RSFSR-USSR;

In connection with the above, all legislative acts published in the media and court decisions on behalf of the Russian Federation since December 25, 1991 are void and cannot be enforced;

There are no and cannot be citizens of the Russian Federation, since the Russian Federation was formed illegally;

The so-called courts of the Russian Federation do not have the right to judge citizens of the USSR.

Video evidence from the newspaper "Soviet Russia" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XOvnOXKmwg

About the pseudo-renaming of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjIu4aE27cA

In addition, at the moment there is no legislative act indicating the exit of the RSFSR from the USSR and the creation of the CIS. The RSFSR was and is one of the co-founders of the USSR state, and the application to secede from the co-founders of the USSR has not been considered by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the RSFSR until now. The UN still recognizes the USSR as its co-founder.

Aware of the danger of the actual collapse of the RSFSR under pressure from the US and NATO security forces, the Congress of People's Deputies, in order to ensure the integrity of the republic, adopted on June 12, 1990 the “Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Federation” by an overwhelming majority of votes (907 for, 13 against and 9 abstentions). Socialist Republic". And contrary to popular belief, this Declaration does not contain a word about the RSFSR secession from the USSR. On the contrary, the RSFSR clearly stated that it intended to continue to remain an integral part of the USSR.

THE QUESTION IS WHO IS THIS RUSSIAN FEDERATION THEN AND WHAT IS IT DOING ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RSFSR? ANSWER: THIS IS AN OCG OR OCCUPATIONAL POWER.

Citizens of the USSR who were fraudulently involved in the bureaucratic or security forces of the Russian Federation should be reminded of Article No. 64 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR “Treason of the Motherland,” which is still in effect:

“Treason to the Motherland, that is, an act intentionally committed by a citizen of the USSR to the detriment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity or state security and defense capability of the USSR: defection to the side of the enemy, espionage, betrayal of state or military secrets to a foreign state, flight abroad or refusal to return from abroad in the USSR, providing assistance to a foreign state in carrying out hostile activities against the USSR, as well as conspiracy to seize power, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of ten to fifteen years with confiscation of property or the death penalty with confiscation of property."

A Russian entrepreneur is essentially an accomplice of the occupation, since he pays taxes in the Russian Federation.

Who are you? Are you a citizen of the Russian Federation? Then read this:

THE MAIN PROBLEM FOR THE CURRENT RUSSIA AUTHORITIES IS THAT YELTSIN IS OFFICIALLY DEAD

P.S. Yeltsin violated not only the laws of the RSFSR, but also the laws of the Russian Federation he created.

P.S. P.S. Looking through the pages of history, I often asked myself the question, how could the American curators “looking after” Yeltsin screw up so much and set the Russian Federation up so much in the future with this Law No. 2041-1, making the Russian Federation virtually outlawed, grossly violating the constitution of the USSR and the RSFSR, namely, Article 174 of the USSR and Article 185 of the RSFSR: “The Constitution is amended by a decision of the Supreme Council, adopted by a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of deputies of each of its chambers.”

And then I realized that the Americans had a stereotype of their life at work. In the USA, everything is decided by the President of the United States, but in our country everything was decided by the people, or rather the Supreme Council, so they did not pay much attention to these articles 184 and 185, and without the Decisions of the Supreme Council, all Decrees, Laws and Resolutions amending the constitution of the USSR/RSFSR, including including changing the names of republics or the state itself is a state crime, considered void and not subject to execution!

To understand what actually happened in reality can be difficult for some people. Therefore, let’s translate this difficult situation into everyday life. For example, someone, a relative of our neighbor, killed the previous owner, forged documents and moved into his house, convincing everyone (some by bribing) that he was the real owner of this house. 25 years have passed... Some facts of that crime have come to light, have the years changed what he did 25 years ago? No! He is a thief and a murderer! Should we accept what he did? Everyone's decision! Personally, I don't want to.

AND NOW THE MOST IMPORTANT THING: According to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, Chapter 1, Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, and are also put to a popular vote (referendum). Therefore, it does not matter that there was an official forgery by B. Yeltsin, with Law 2094-1, which he adopted without the Decision of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR, to rename the RSFSR into the Russian Federation without a referendum, he HAD NO RIGHT!!! In general, we are all gr. USSR, but we live not in the Russian Federation, but in the RSFSR. It's time to get out of this matrix. Secondly, did we have a referendum on the secession of the RSFSR from the USSR, which also did not happen? Why did they just go ahead and change the signs on the buildings?

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IS ILLEGAL, STOP PLAYING AT RF CITIZENS. Stop beating your chest and quoting the constitution of an illegal state. Stop defending the non-existent rights of false citizens of the Russian Federation. There is no Constitution of the Russian Federation and it does not work. “Citizens of the Russian Federation” are judged not according to the constitution, but according to the Code of Criminal Procedure or the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation.

All articles of the so-called constitution of the Russian Federation have long been changed by various by-laws. There is no such Constitution of the Russian Federation for a long time. A living example, Article 31 “Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to assemble peacefully without weapons, to hold meetings, rallies and demonstrations, processions and picketing.” In August 2016, two female musicians were fined 10,000 Russian rubles for playing the gusli in the center of Moscow, for violating the bylaw “Do not gather more than three.” Link to

Traditionally, the date of the beginning of Russian statehood is considered to be 862, to which the Tale of Bygone Years refers to the calling of the Varangians-Rus (there are different versions about the origin of this people) to Novgorod the Great by tribal unions of the eastern Baltic and upper Volga region: the East Slavic Slovenes and Krivichi and the Finno-Ugric Chuds , measure and weigh. In 882, the Rurik dynasty captured Kyiv and also took possession of the lands of the Polyans, Drevlyans, Severians, Radimichi, Ulichs and Tiverts, which together made up the main territory of the Old Russian state.

Old Russian state

Also Rus', Russian land. In Western Europe - “Russia” and Rusiya (Russia, Ruscia, Rusca, Rutigia). Since the 11th century, the name “prince of Russians” has been used. And at the beginning of the 12th century (in papal charters) the name “Russia” appears. In Byzantium - Ρως, “Ros”, Title "Russia"(Greek Ρωσα) first used in the middle. 10th century by Constantine Porphyrogenitus.

During the period of maximum expansion of the borders, the Old Russian state also included the lands of the Dregovichi, Vyatichi, Volynians, White Croats, Yatvingians, Muroms, Meshcheras, possessions at the mouth of the Dnieper (Oleshye), on the lower Don (Sarkel) and on the banks of the Kerch Strait (Tmutarakan Principality) . Gradually, the tribal nobility was ousted by the Rurikovichs, who already at the beginning of the 11th century reigned throughout the territory of Rus'. During the 11th-12th centuries, tribal names gradually ceased to be mentioned (with the exception of tribal names in the territories of the eastern Baltic and the middle Volga basin dependent on the Russian princes). At the same time, starting from the end of the 10th century, each generation of Rurikovich carried out divisions of Rus' among themselves, but the consequences of the first two partitions (972 and 1015) were gradually overcome through a fierce struggle for power, as well as the suppression of individual lines of Rurikovich (1036). Section 1054, after which the so-called The “triumvirate of the Yaroslavichs,” despite the long-term concentration of power in the hands of the younger Yaroslavich Vsevolod (1078–1093), was never completely overcome. After a struggle for power after his death, complicated by the intervention of the Polovtsians, in 1097 at the Lyubech Congress of Princes the principle “everyone holds his fatherland” was established.

After the allied actions of the princes moved the fight against the Polovtsians from the southern Russian borders deep into the steppes, the new Kiev prince Vladimir Monomakh and his eldest son Mstislav, after a series of internal wars, managed to achieve recognition of their power by part of the Russian princes, others were deprived of their possessions. At the same time, the Rurikovichs began to enter into intra-dynastic marriages.

Russian principalities

In the 1130s, the principalities began to gradually emerge from the power of the Kyiv princes, although the prince who owned Kiev was still considered the eldest in Rus'. With the beginning of the fragmentation of Russian lands, the names “Rus” and “Russian Land” were in most cases applied to the Principality of Kyiv.

With the collapse of the Old Russian state, the Principality of Volyn, the Principality of Galicia, the Principality of Kiev proper, the Principality of Murom-Ryazan, the Novgorod Land, the Principality of Pereyaslavl, the Principality of Polotsk, the Principality of Rostov-Suzdal, the Principality of Turov-Pinsk, and the Principality of Chernigov were formed. In each of them the process of formation of appanages began.

On March 12, 1169, the troops of ten Russian princes, acting on the initiative of Andrei Bogolyubsky, for the first time in the practice of inter-princely strife, plundered Kiev, after which Andrei gave Kiev to his younger brother without leaving Vladimir, thereby, in the words of V.O. Klyuchevsky, “torn off seniority from places." Andrei himself, and subsequently his younger brother Vsevolod the Big Nest (1176-1212), sought (temporary) recognition of their seniority by the majority of Russian princes.

By the beginning of the 13th century, unifying tendencies had also emerged. The Pereyaslavl principality became the property of the Vladimir princes, and the united Galician-Volyn principality arose under the rule of the senior branch of the descendants of Vladimir Monomakh. In 1201, Roman Mstislavich Galitsky, being invited by the Kyiv boyars to reign, also gave the city to his younger cousin. In the chronicle of 1205, Roman is called “the autocrat of all Rus'.” By the 13th century, in addition to those of Kyiv, Ryazan, Vladimir, Galician and Chernigov also began to be titled as grand dukes.

After the Mongol invasion, the institution of “sacraments in the Russian land” disappeared, when the Kyiv lands were considered as the common property of the Rurik family, and the name “Rus” was assigned to all East Slavic lands.

The strengthening of the positions of the Vladimir Grand Dukes after the Mongol invasion was facilitated by the fact that they did not participate in the large-scale South Russian civil strife before it, that the principality until the turn of the XIV-XV centuries did not have common borders with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was expanding into Russian lands, and also that that the Grand Dukes of Vladimir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, and then his son Alexander Nevsky were recognized in the Golden Horde as the oldest in Rus'. In fact, all the great princes were directly subordinate to the khans, first of the Mongol Empire, and from 1266 - of the Golden Horde, independently collected tribute in their possessions and forwarded it to the khan. From the middle of the 13th century, the title of Grand Dukes of Chernigov was almost constantly held by the Bryansk princes. Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy (1305-1318) was the first of the great princes of Vladimir to be called “Prince of All Rus'”.

Since 1254, the Galician princes bore the title of “kings of Rus'”. In the 1320s, the Galician-Volyn principality entered a period of decline (which some researchers associate with the new onslaught of the Golden Horde) and in 1392 ceased to exist, its lands were divided between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (full name - Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia, Zhemoitsk and others) and the Kingdom of Poland. A little earlier, the main part of the southern Russian lands was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Bryansk 1356, Kyiv 1362).

In the 14th century, the great principalities of Tver and Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod were also formed in the northeast of Rus', and the Smolensk princes also began to be titled great. Since 1363, the label for the great reign of Vladimir, which meant seniority within North-Eastern Rus' and Novgorod, was issued only to Moscow princes, who from that time began to be titled great. In 1383, Khan Tokhtamysh recognized the Grand Duchy of Vladimir as the hereditary possession of the Moscow princes, while simultaneously authorizing the independence of the Grand Duchy of Tver. The Grand Duchy of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod was annexed to Moscow in 1392. In 1405, Lithuania captured Smolensk. Finally, all Russian lands were divided between the great principalities of Moscow and Lithuania by the end of the 15th century.

Russian state

Since the 15th century, the terms “Russia” and “Russian” appear in Russian sources and spread more and more until they are finally established in the Russian language. The period from the end of the 15th to the beginning of the 18th century in modern Russian historiography is designated as the “Russian state”.

Grand Duchy of Moscow

In 1478, the Novgorod land was annexed to Moscow, and in 1480 the Mongol-Tatar yoke was thrown off. In 1487, after a successful campaign against the Kazan Khanate, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III proclaimed himself “Prince of Bulgaria,” which was one of the reasons for the beginning of the transition of appanage princes from the eastern outskirts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Moscow service along with the lands. As a result of five Russian-Lithuanian wars, Lithuania lost the Verkhovsky principalities, Smolensk and Bryansk. Other important territorial acquisitions were the Tver (1485) and Ryazan great principalities (1521). In addition to independence from the Golden Horde and territorial integrity, the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the last period of its existence as a grand duchy was also distinguished by a general set of laws (Code Code of 1497), the liquidation of appanages and the introduction of a local system.

Russian kingdom

From January 16, 1547, after Grand Duke Ivan IV Vasilyevich assumed the title of Tsar. Also Rus, Russia, Russia, Russian Tsardom, Russian Tsardom, Muscovite Tsardom. In the middle of the 16th century, the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates were annexed, which further substantiated the royal title of the Moscow monarch.

In 1569, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania accepted the Union of Lublin with Poland, which united the two states into a confederation, while transferring the southern Russian lands to Poland and generally returning to the borders of the mid-13th century.

In 1613, the Metropolitan’s title used the term “Rusia”, and Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich’s title used “Russia”. “Muscovy” is the name of the Russian state in foreign sources of the 16th–17th centuries. The term “Russia” was finally consolidated by Peter the Great (1689-1725). On the coins of Peter I, before accepting the title of emperor, it was written “Tsar Peter Alekseevich, Ruler of All Russia” and “Moscow ruble” on the back. (“The Lord of All Russia” was abbreviated as “V.R.P.”, but sometimes it was written in full). On May 19, 1712, the capital was moved to St. Petersburg.

Russian empire

After Tsar Peter Alekseevich accepted the title of emperor.

August 18 (31), 1914 In connection with the war with Germany, the name of the capital was changed from German to Russian - Petrograd.

Russian Republic

After a special legal meeting. In fact - after the abdication of Mikhail Alexandrovich, brother of Nicholas II from March 3, 1917

Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic- this name was first mentioned on January 21 (February 3), 1918 in the Decree on the cancellation of state loans, the decree was signed by the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Ya. Sverdlov. This name of the state was introduced after the transformation of the Russian Republic into a “federation of Soviet national republics” at the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets on January 10-18 (23-31), 1918 in the Tauride Palace in Petrograd.

Before the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the name Russian Republic was used.

Proclamation of the Federation:

  • January 3 (16), 1918 - the text of the Declaration was written.
  • January 5 (18), 1918 - announced by Sverdlov at the All-Russian Constituent Assembly (dissolved on January 6 (19).
  • January 12 (25), 1918 - the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies adopted the Declaration.
  • January 18 (31), 1918 - at the united III Congress of Soviets (after the merger of the III Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies with the III Congress of Soviets of Peasants' Deputies) in the re-adopted Declaration.
  • January 28 (15), 1918 - in the Resolution of the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets “On the federal institutions of the Russian Republic”.
  • On March 6 - 8, 1918, at the VII Congress of the RCP (b), the decision was once again made to transform the country into a federation.
  • July 10, 1918 - in the Constitution at a meeting of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets.

Variability of the name of the Republic In the period between the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets and the adoption of the first Constitution (at the V Congress), in which the name of the state was finally fixed, variants of the still unsettled name of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic were found in documents:

The words were swapped:

  • Russian Federative Socialist Soviet Republic,
  • Russian Socialist Soviet Federative Republic,
  • Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic;

Incomplete name with different word order (4 words):

  • Russian Federative Soviet Republic,
  • Russian Soviet Federative Republic,
  • Russian Socialist Federative Republic,
  • Russian Socialist Soviet Republic,
  • Russian Soviet Socialist Republic;

Incomplete name with different word order (3 words):

  • Russian Soviet Republic,
  • Soviet Russian Republic
  • Russian Federative Republic
  • Russian Federation of Soviets

Other names:

  • Russian Republic,
  • Soviet Republic,
  • Republic of Soviets.

Note: The new government did not immediately spread across the territory of the former Russian Empire (republic).

Note: Already, being part of the USSR, on December 5, 1936, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was renamed into the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, i.e. two words have been swapped.

In everyday life and semi-officially, the abbreviated form was often used for the RSFSR - Russian Federation, but this name was not officially enshrined in the constitution until 1992 (it is worth noting that since 1990 this name was supposed to be approved as the official name of the country)

Formed by the unification of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Trans-SFSR.

On December 5, 1936 (according to the new constitution), in the name of the RSFSR, the order of the words “socialist” and “Soviet” was brought into line with the order of these words in the name of the USSR.

Russian Federation

Russian Federation— On December 25, 1991, by Law No. 2094-I, the state of the RSFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (the modern name is enshrined in the constitution along with the name Russia). On April 21, 1992, appropriate amendments were made to the then-current Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR of 1978.

Also, before the adoption of the new constitution in 1993, a new coat of arms was in development. De facto, on the territory of the Russian Federation in the first half of the 1990s, forms and seals of institutions with the old coat of arms and the name of the state of the RSFSR were still used, although they were supposed to be replaced during 1992.

Use of the name "Russian Federation" before the collapse of the USSR

  • 1918 - in paragraph e) of Article 49 of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 (as a variant of the name).
  • 1966 - in the title of the book “Chistyakov O.I., Formation of the Russian Federation (1917-1922), M., 1966.”
  • 1978 - in the preamble to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978.

In modern Russia, some documents are still in force in which the old name “RSFSR” remains:

  • Law of the RSFSR of December 15, 1978 (as amended on June 25, 2002) “On the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments”
  • Law of the RSFSR of 07/08/1981 (as amended on 05/07/2009) “On the judicial system of the RSFSR”
  • Declaration of the SND of the RSFSR dated 06/12/1990 N 22-1 “On the state sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated October 24, 1990 N 263-1 “On the effect of acts of bodies of the USSR on the territory of the RSFSR”
  • Law of the RSFSR of October 31, 1990 N 293-1 “On ensuring the economic basis of the sovereignty of the RSFSR”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated March 22, 1991 N 948-1 (as amended on July 26, 2006) “On competition and restrictions on monopolistic activities in commodity markets”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated April 26, 1991 N 1107-1 (as amended on July 1, 1993) “On the rehabilitation of repressed peoples”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated June 26, 1991 N 1488-1 (as amended on December 30, 2008) “On investment activities in the RSFSR”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated June 26, 1991 N 1490-1 (as amended on February 2, 2006) “On priority provision of the agro-industrial complex with material and technical resources”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated November 15, 1991 N 211 (as amended on June 26, 1992) “On increasing wages of employees of budgetary organizations and institutions”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated November 21, 1991 N 228 “On the organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated November 25, 1991 N 232 (as amended on October 21, 2002) “On the commercialization of the activities of trading enterprises in the RSFSR”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated November 28, 1991 N 240 (as amended on October 21, 2002) “On the commercialization of the activities of public service enterprises in the RSFSR”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated December 3, 1991 N 255 “On priority measures to organize the work of industry in the RSFSR”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated December 3, 1991 N 256 “On measures to stabilize the work of the industrial complex of the RSFSR in the conditions of economic reform”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated December 3, 1991 N 297 (as amended on February 28, 1995) “On measures to liberalize prices”
  • Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated December 12, 1991 N 269 (as amended on October 21, 2002) “On the single economic space of the RSFSR”
  • Law of the RSFSR dated December 25, 1991 N 2094-1 “On changing the name of the state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic”
  • Decree of the Government of the RSFSR dated December 24, 1991 N 62 (as amended on November 13, 2010) “On approval of lists of federal roads in the RSFSR”

The Russian Federation, or Russia, is the largest state in its territory not only in Europe and Asia, but also the largest on the entire planet. At the beginning of this year, over 143.5 million people lived on 17.125 million square kilometers of the country.

Structure of the Russian Federation

Russia is a state with a structure. The countries include 85 subjects.

Of which 22 are Adygea with its capital in Maykop; Altai and Gorno-Altaisk; Bashkortostan and Ufa; Buryatia and Ulan-Ude, Dagestan and Makhachkala; Ingushetia and Magas; Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with its capital in Nalchik; Kalmykia and Elista; Karachay-Cherkessia and Cherkessk; Karelia and Petrozavodsk; Komi and Syktyvkar; Republic of Mari-El with its capital in Yoshkar-Ola; Mordovia and Saransk; Sakha (Yakutia) with its capital in Yakutsk; North Ossetia-Alania and Vladikavkaz; Tatarstan with its capital in Kazan; Tyva and Kyzyl; Udmurt Republic and Izhevsk; Khakassia and Abakan; Chechen Republic of Grozny; The Chuvash Republic with its capital in Cheboksary, as well as the recently annexed Republic of Crimea with Simferopol.

Nine regions (this term first appeared in use in the 30s of the 19th century) - Altai with its capital in Barnaul; Kamchatsky (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky); Khabarovsk Territory with its capital in Khabarovsk; Krasnodar region and Krasnodar; Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk; Perm region with its capital in Perm; Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok; Stavropol Territory with its capital in Stavropol and Transbaikal Territory (Chita).

The Russian Federation also includes three cities of federal significance - Moscow, St. Petersburg and Stavropol. The difference between such entities and other entities lies in the organization of local self-government in them.

There is only one autonomous region - the Jewish one, formed on May 7, 1934 and bordering China, the Amur region and the Khabarovsk Territory.

The autonomous okrugs of Russia are the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with its center in Naryan-Mar; Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug with Khanty-Mansiysk; Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the city of Anadyr, as well as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Salekhard.

But most of all in the Russian Federation regions.

46 regions of Russia

These subjects of the Russian Federation, which in their legal status are no different from the territories, include Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tver, Tula, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh and Yaroslavl regions.

A major transformation of Russia's regions took place in the 2000s, when major changes were introduced to the country's federal structure. Then many regions were subjected to so-called consolidation.

The regions, like other subjects, are united into Federal Districts of Russia.