Configuration: 1c accounting

Configuration version: 3.0.54.20

Publication date: 28.12.2017

On January 09, 2017, the Bank issued a short-term loan to an organization for the purchase of fixed assets worth 250 thousand rubles. Interest on the used loan is calculated the next day after funds are transferred to the borrower's current account for the balance of the loan debt and is paid on the last calendar day of the month for the actual number of days of use of the loan funds. The interest rate is 11% per annum and does not change during the entire loan term. The end of the loan period is 04/30/2017.
The borrower accrues and repays interest on a short-term loan in accordance with the Payment Calendar. If you have money and short-term loans are not for you, then the best option would be to open a bank deposit. In order not to fly by with your deposit, check out https://sbankami.ru/vklady you will find out which deposits are best to open and what nuances are best to pay attention to!
1. Receipt of borrowed funds to the current account.
Bank and cash desk - Bank statements - Receipt button

We fill out the receipt document. Type of operation "Obtaining a loan from a bank." Agreement, select the loan agreement, it should be in the “Other” type. Settlement account 66.01 "Short-term loans"

Conduct. Open the form to view Dt/Kt transactions. Under the credit of account 66.01, the organization's debt to the bank arose.

2. Calculation of interest on the loan - the first month
According to the terms of the example, the bank provided the borrower with a short-term loan for a period of 111 days inclusive. Accordingly, it is necessary to accrue and transfer interest for the entire period of use of funds under the loan agreement. The full calculation of interest on the loan is presented in the Payment Calendar:

Interest calculation for the loan period is calculated using the formula:

Amount of loan (debt) * annual interest rate / 365 (366) days * number of days in the period (month)

An example of calculating interest for the first month: 250,000 * 11% / 365 * 22 = 1,657.53 rubles.
Under the terms of the loan agreement, accrued interest is repaid monthly.
In our example, the interest rate is 11% per annum. Accordingly, all calculated interest will be included in the tax base for income tax. Therefore, interest for the first month must be reflected through “Operations entered manually.” Interest for similar periods will be reflected in the same way.
Section Operations - Operations entered manually - Create Operation

We fill out the document using accounts D 91.01 “Other expenses” and K 66.02 “Interest on short-term loans”

3. The bank wrote off interest on the loan - for the first month

We fill out the document. Type of operation "Loan repayment to the bank". Type of payment "Payment of interest" Settlement account 66.02

Conduct. Dt/Kt postings have been generated:

All subsequent operations to pay interest for the remaining months are performed in the same way.
To check the reflection of accrued and paid interest for the use of loan funds on a monthly basis, you can use the report "Turnover balance sheet" for account 66.02 "Interest on short-term loans"

Note! Since account 66.02 “Interest on short-term loans” is passive, it is necessary to first accrue interest (on the credit of the account) and then repay it (on the debit of the account) in order to avoid a negative balance in the account.

4. The amount of debt on the loan has been written off by the bank
R. Bank and cash desk - Bank statements - Write-offs

In the market, there are increasingly situations where one company acquires another. This happens for various reasons. Some people expand their market share in this way, others acquire a supplier or buyer and thus increase their financial stability. More and more deals are happening because entrepreneurs get tired of the constant hard work, sell the company, and essentially retire with a healthy cash reserve.

However, from the point of view of regulated types of accounting, everything is not so simple. Often the purchasing organization does not have enough own funds to acquire the company being sold and they have to attract credit resources. Since such an operation is not standard in business activities, the question arises of how to reflect it in the accounting registers. In addition, the loan is not attracted for operating activities. Is it possible in this case to attribute interest on the loan to non-operating expenses that reduce taxable profit?

In answering these questions, you must be guided by the recommendations of the accounting regulations, which are approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. So, in accordance with them, receipts of loan funds are not income, and therefore are not taken into account when determining profit. Just like repaying a loan (repaying the principal debt) is not an expense and does not reduce taxable income.

Depending on the period for which the loan was received, it can be accounted for in 1C Accounting 8.3 on account 66.03 - if the obligation to repay the loan occurs within one year, or on account 67.03 - if the loan term is more than 12 months.

Interest in 1C Accounting is also reflected in account 66.04 (for short-term loans) or 67.04 (for long-term loans).

At the time of crediting credit funds, in accordance with the chart of accounts, the following transactions must be made:

Debit account 51 (analytical accounting is carried out in the context of current accounts) Credit account 66.03 or 67.03 depending on the loan term.

Interest is accrued on a certain date, according to the terms of the loan agreement. When they are accrued in 1C Accounting 8.3, the following posting is made:

Debit account 91.02 Credit account 66.04 or 67.04.

When determining the amount of taxable profit, two factors must be taken into account:

• interest on a loan agreement is reflected in accounting in the period in which it is accrued, regardless of the date of payment to the bank;
• Interest on the loan is included in full as part of non-operating expenses and reduces the amount of taxable profit. There are no restrictions depending on the purpose of the loan or the direction of use of funds.

Reflection of the facts of attracting a loan and its use in the 1C Accounting information system is carried out automatically using documents or standard operations that fully comply with the legislation and accounting regulations. Thus, the use of accounting systems greatly facilitates the work of an accounting employee.

Quite often, enterprises do not have enough own funds, and they resort to the help of banks to borrow funds. In this article we will look at how short-term loans are accounted for in 1C Accounting 8th edition. 3.0, namely, we will consider how the program reflects the receipt of a loan, as well as the calculation and payment of interest on it.

Accounting for short-term loans is kept on account 66 “Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings”, subaccount 01 “Short-term loans”. To account for interest, subaccount 02 “Interest on short-term loans” is used. Please note that the program uses different subaccounts to record the principal amount of the loan and interest on it.

Both sub-accounts are passive, i.e. An increase occurs on credit, and a decrease occurs on debit.

Let's start with the operation of obtaining a loan. Typically, the loan is transferred to the company's current account.

Therefore, here the document “Receipt to the current account” will be drawn up with the type of operation “Settlements on loans and borrowings”. To generate a document, go to the “Bank and Cash Office” tab, select “Bank Statements” and in the bank statement journal click on the “Receipt” button.

If you use a client bank, the statement will be loaded into the program automatically.

In the document we indicate the counterparty, the agreement with him, the loan amount, and indicate account 66.01 “Short-term loans”. Also, if necessary, indicate the cash flow item.

According to the document, a posting will be generated: Dt 51 Kt 66.01

Next we will calculate interest. Interest will be accrued to account 91.02 “Other expenses” and to reflect them we use “Operation entered manually”. You can find it on the “Operations” tab, or use the assistant on the “Main” tab.

To do this, go to “Operations” - “Enter a business transaction” and indicate the transaction we need: Dt 91.02 Kt 66.02. When using this method, the contents of the transaction, as well as the debit and credit accounts, will be automatically filled in. All that remains is to indicate the subconto and amount.

And to pay interest, we use the document “Write-off from the current account”, the type of operation “Settlements on loans and borrowings”. To generate a document, go to the “Bank and Cash Office” tab, select “Bank Statements” and in the bank statements journal click on the “Write-off” button.

Or you can go through the “Account Correspondence” assistant, indicating the posting: Dt 66.02 Kt 51.

In the document, we select the recipient, the agreement with him, indicate the account - 66.02, the amount and, if necessary, the cash flow item.

In this article we will consider options for financial investments of an organization, namely loans issued to other companies: monetary (interest-bearing) and non-monetary (goods, materials), as well as the reflection of these transactions in the 1C program: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0.

Cash loan

We conclude a written agreement reflecting the conditions (loan amount, interest for using the loan, loan term). We talked about how to create a payment calendar for a contract in the article Loans to employees in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 Interest payments can be set periodically or at the end of the loan term. It should be remembered that financial investments always involve risks (risk of insolvency, bankruptcy of the borrower, etc.). We recommend that the contract provide for penalties for violating the terms. The fewer general formulations, the more constructive, the better for everyone.

Accounting for issued interest-bearing loans is kept in account 58.03 “Loans provided”. The operation of issuing a loan (D-t sch.58.03 – K-t sch.51) is not subject to VAT because The ownership of the loan subject does not pass to the borrower (clause 15, clause 3 of Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The issuance of a loan is not recognized as an expense of the organization for tax purposes.

Interest on a cash loan is reflected in account 76.09 “Other settlements with various debtors and creditors.” With the OSNO (accrual method) interest on the loan is reflected monthly on the last day of the month, regardless of the date of payment. With the simplified tax system (cash method), interest on the loan is reflected on the date of receipt from the borrower. At this moment, for tax purposes, non-operating income arises (clause 6 of Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

In essence, interest on a loan is the cost of services for providing a loan; they are not subject to VAT, as is the amount of the principal debt. In the VAT return, accrued interest is reflected in section 5 (code 10100292).

Important: “Input” VAT on costs associated with issuing a loan is not deductible; it is included in the organization’s other expenses. If the share of transactions on issued loans in revenue is less than 5%, then the organization can deduct the entire “input” VAT, fixing this in its accounting policy.

Let's consider the reflection of operations in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0.

The accrual of interest on the loan on the last day of the month is included in other income (MI) and non-operating income (NU) on a monthly basis, regardless of subsequent events in the execution of the contract. Such an event could be the forgiveness of a debt to the borrower.

Section “Operations” - “Accounting” - “Operations entered manually”:

If the borrower does not comply with the terms of the agreement, the lender assesses penalties (penalties, fines). The date of reflection of penalties is the date of recognition by the borrower (payment, written consent) of penalties or the date of entry into force of a court decision (for OSNO) and the date of payment of penalties (for USNO).

Important: Penalties for improper fulfillment of the terms of the contract are not subject to VAT because are not related to payment for goods sold and are not listed in Article 162 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

We also reflect in the document “Operations entered manually”:

Let's consider the option when the parties have drawn up an agreement on debt forgiveness.

Forgiveness of the principal debt is not taken into account by the lender as expenses when taxing profits (we do not check the box) (clause 12 of Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Loan interest is written off as expenses in accounting (debit of account 91.02), but is not accepted for tax accounting purposes. The date the forgiven interest is written off is the date of the debt forgiveness agreement.

We form an Analysis of the subconto “Counterparties” (borrower).

As can be seen in the figure, the parties agreed to forgive both the loan amount and the interest amount. The agreement is recorded in a written agreement on debt forgiveness, and loan settlements are closed.

Let's consider a non-cash loan (goods, materials).

In economic activities, organizations can provide assistance to each other with goods and materials with payment for services rendered. The peculiarity of the loan agreement concluded in this case is that it must accurately indicate the quantitative, varietal and other characteristics of the transferred goods or materials because subsequently the exact same product or material must be returned. In addition, the agreement specifies the interest rate (per annum) for the loan.

In this case, ownership of goods (materials) passes to the borrowing organization, and is therefore subject to VAT (clause 1 of clause 1 of Article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) and is reflected in accounting as sales on the date of shipment.

Let's consider an example with a non-cash loan of materials (raw materials).

The accounting entries in this case will be as follows:

The issuance of a loan is not recognized as an expense for tax purposes.

Important: When repaying a non-monetary loan, the principal debt must be repaid with the same product (materials), and if the purchase price for this product differs from the original price, the difference will not be taken into account for profit tax purposes. The borrower draws up a document for the sale of goods (materials) at original prices and charges VAT.

The accounting entries will be as follows:

After processing and repaying a non-monetary (goods, materials) loan, we create Account Analysis 58.03.

Thus, VAT accrued by the lender for payment to the budget when issuing a non-monetary loan is taken as a deduction when repaying the loan. But it also happens differently.

After returning the loan from the borrower to the simplified tax system, the lender loses VAT because "Simplers" do not issue invoices. This must be taken into account when concluding a contract. Perhaps this loss will be compensated by further fruitful cooperation. In any case, “when you do good to others, you first do good to yourself.” (B. Franklin)

The accrual of interest on a non-cash loan is similar to the accrual of interest on a cash loan (Debit 76.09 “Subconto” - “Borrower” K-t 91.01 “Interest on loans received”).

VAT on accrued interest is determined by calculation (for example, 18/118; 10/110) upon receipt of funds from the borrower (clause 4 of Article 164 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Payment of interest in this case is associated with payment for the property transferred to the borrower.

The lender issues an invoice in 1 copy. and transfers it to the borrower, the borrower does not have the right to a tax deduction. We create an invoice “for advance payment” because Only this document assumes the estimated VAT rate. We select the transaction type code “01” “Sales of goods, works, services and operations equivalent to them.”

We create an analysis of account 76 in the context of sub-accounts to check the correctness of VAT calculation on interest paid.

We generate the report “Analysis of subconto” - “Borrower”. The report reflects movements on all related accounts for a given borrower.

Loan settlements are closed.

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The organization can issue itself or receive borrowed funds. According to the terms of loans, short-term and long-term are distinguished. Another nuance that affects accounting is whether the loan is provided without payment for the use of funds (interest-free) or whether interest must be paid (interest-bearing). In this article we will look at examples of postings for loans issued and received.

A legal entity, individual entrepreneur and individual can receive a loan. In turn, the organization can temporarily issue funds and property for use, both to other companies and to individuals (its employees, founders, strangers).

Postings for obtaining a loan

The period for issuing short-term loans does not exceed 1 year. When an organization receives funds from a credit institution, founder, etc. they are taken into account. The loan can be obtained in cash, by transfer to an account, or in foreign currency. The following entries will be made accordingly:

• Debit 50 ( , ) Credit 66— postings for obtaining a loan.

When repaying the debt, the posting is reversed:

• Debit 66 Credit 50 (,).

The payment amount and frequency are specified in the terms of the contract.

When a company incurs additional costs when obtaining a loan, they are recorded in 91 accounts:

• Debit 91.2 Credit 66.

Long-term loans are provided for a period of more than a year. . You can account for the loan in this account, or after the repayment period becomes less than 12 months, transfer it to account 66:

• Debit 67 Credit 66.

Example of loan receipt transactions:

The organization received two loans: one for 6 months in the amount of 150,000 rubles, and the second for 36 months in the amount of 680,000 rubles. When applying for a long-term loan, the lawyer’s services were paid - 5,000 rubles.

Postings:

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
	66	Short-term loan received	150 000	Bank statement
66	50	Short-term loan repaid after 6 months	150 000	Payment order ref.
	67	Long-term loan received	680 000	Bank statement
60		Paid lawyer's services	5 000	Payment order ref.
91.2	67	Legal services included as expenses	5 000	Certificate of completion
67		Long-term loan repaid	680 000	Payment order ref.

Accounting for loans from the lender - entries for issuing loans

If a company issues a loan to another organization, then the transactions will be as follows:

• Debit 58 Credit (50, …)– posting of the loan issued.

As can be seen from the posting, a loan can be provided not only in the form of a sum of money, but also in the form of property (materials, fixed assets, etc.). The amount that will be taken into account in this case is the value of goods/materials, etc.

When issuing an interest-free loan to a legal entity, the amount is taken into account in the debit of account 76 and the credit of the account for issuing funds or property (50.10, etc.).

Loan repayment is documented by posting:

• Debit (50, 40...) Credit 58 (76).

Regarding the taxation of loans with VAT, there are two opposing points of view. The first is based on the fact that there is a transfer of ownership, which is an implementation (Article 39 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Sales are subject to VAT. The opposite point of view: when receiving and returning a loan in the form of goods, there is no object of VAT taxation.

Entries for VAT accounting on loans in kind:

• Debit 91.2 Credit 68 VAT- when issuing a loan
• Debit 19 Credit 58 (76)– accounting for input VAT when repaying a loan.

The issuance of a loan to an employee of an organization is documented by posting:

• Debit 73 Credit 50 ().

The return is processed by return posting.

The organization issued an interest-free loan to a legal entity in the amount of 320,000 rubles.

Postings for issuing a loan:

Accounting for interest on loans

Expenses for paying interest on loans are recorded as other expenses in account 91. In tax accounting, they are written off every month, regardless of their payment according to the terms of the agreement.

Wiring Debit 66 (67) Credit interest on loans is paid, and by recording Debit 91.2 Credit 66 (67) they are taken into account as expenses.

For organizations that provide loans, interest is taken into account in other income: Debit 76 Credit (50). Receipt: Debit 50 () Credit 76.

The organization received a loan in the amount of 120,000 rubles, which is taxed at a rate of 10% per annum. For the first month of using borrowed funds (17 days), the amount of interest amounted to 567 rubles, for the second month 1000 rubles, for the third (12 days) 400 rubles, after which the loan was repaid.

Postings:

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base