The writing

The concepts of "tradition" and "innovation" are inextricably linked. In art, any innovation is possible only with a deep understanding of what has already been discovered, created by predecessors. Only strong roots allow the tree to grow and bear fruit. The work of Rasputin, as it were, grows out of the work of Dostoevsky and Gorky; our contemporary continues to reflect on the problems that tormented his great teachers. But in his works he seeks to understand how these eternal problems sound today. The story "Live and Remember" is consonant, first of all, with Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment".

Dostoevsky's passionate refutation of that in Raskolnikov that is inhuman and contrary to the human nature of the hero himself is carried out in Crime and Punishment not only through a dispute of "ideas", which corresponds to the socio-philosophical essence of the novel, but also in the clash of the hero's "ideas" with his in kind, when the latter "does not stand up." And this reflects the originality of the psychological basis of the novel.

The path of Rasputin's heroes to death is historically determined and logical, but here is another literary tradition, discovered by Gorky, who considered the world not only from the point of view of solving moral and philosophical problems, but, above all, from the point of view of the prospects for socio-historical development. And this not only does not remove, but very often includes the tragic beginning in the Soviet novel and story of the 20th century.

Guskov himself would like to shift the blame to fate, before which the will is powerless. It is no coincidence, therefore, that the word “fate” runs like a red thread through the whole story, to which Guskov clings so. The unwillingness to recognize the need for personal responsibility for one's actions is one of those strokes to the portrait that opens a wormhole in Guskov's soul and causes his desertion. The writer revealed to us the cause of Guskov's crime, showing this feature of his character. However, Rasputin elevates a concrete historical fact to the rank of socio-philosophical generalizations, which brings him closer to such predecessors as Dostoevsky and Gorky. Rasputin could rely on the artistic experience of Dostoevsky. Showing the destruction of the personality of a person who betrayed the interests and ideals of the people, as an irreversible process, without a moral resurrection, Raskolnikov follows the path laid by Gorky.

Here we have come to the most powerful manifestation of the destruction of the personality of a person who has transgressed moral (social) and natural laws, to the destruction by him of nature, its main incentive - the continuation of life on earth.

First of all, this is the killing of a calf in front of a mother cow: the cow “screamed” when Guskov raised an ax over her child. The fall of the hero and the impossibility of moral resurrection for him become obvious precisely after this highly artistic, amazing plot situation - the murder of a calf.

The idea of ​​the story is impossible to comprehend without the fate of Nastya, who also "transgressed", but in a completely different way. In criticism, the fact of Nastya's suicide has already been interpreted, firstly, as "the highest trial of the deserter Andrei Guskov" and, secondly, as "a trial of herself, her womanish, feminine, human weakness." Nastya has reason to consider herself guilty: she really opposed herself to people.

The story ends with the author’s message that they don’t talk about Guskov, “they don’t remember” - for him “the connection of times has broken up”, he has no future. The author narrates about Nastya as if she were alive (nowhere replacing the name with "body" or "deceased"). “And Nastya was washed ashore on the fourth day ... A farm laborer was sent for Nastya. He delivered Nastya back on a boat ... And they betrayed Nastya to the ground among their own ... After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya for a simple wake and wept: it was a pity for Nastya.

With these words, which signify the “connection of times” restored for Nastya (the traditional ending for folklore about the hero’s memory through the ages), V. Rasputin’s work ends, which is a synthesis of a socio-philosophical and socio-psychological story, an original story that inherits the best features of Russian literature, traditions of Dostoevsky and Gorky.

Everything is fine. Everything is quiet. The myth of complete peace is destroyed as soon as my eyes involuntarily stop on the second shelf of my grandmother's rack. Undoubtedly, the red book, recently found among the old, read volumes of Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, prevents me from falling asleep. The strange thing is that I'm not at all interested in where it came from. On the contrary, my tired mind is disturbed by a completely different question: why did Rasputin call the book “Live and Remember”? This title grabs my attention. “Live and remember” - some secret, vital meaning is hidden here. To whom and why were these words intended? Don't know. That's why I sit down near the window, pick up Rasputin's book and forget myself for long hours, leafing through the pages of this story.

Its main character, Andrei Guskov, before the war was a nice, hard-working guy, an obedient son, and a reliable husband. He was sent to the front in the forty-first year. “I didn’t climb across others, but I didn’t hide behind other people’s backs,” the author says about him. Andrey was not one of the timid - he fought for three years regularly.

In fact, he didn't want to die. And there was also a great desire to see relatives, to meet with his beloved wife Nastena. And it turned out that after a serious wound in the chest, he ends up in a Novosibirsk hospital, from which it is "within a stone's throw" to the house. But the commission does not even give him a short vacation - he immediately sends him to the front. It was then that the soldier makes a rash decision - he tries to "rush" without the permission of his superiors to go home without permission.

Only when he got bogged down in slow military trains did Andrei realize that the case did not smell like a guardhouse for AWOL, but a tribunal for desertion. If the train had been faster, it would have returned on time. And after all, he didn’t shake for “the skin,” but he wanted to see his relatives - maybe for the last time. What turned out his act, which became the choice of a lifetime? And in general, did he have the right to fulfill such, even the most modest, desire - to see his wife? No. And Andrei forgot that it is impossible to arrange happiness for yourself separately from the common fate of the people. All the same heavy mental burden fell on Nasteka.

The author notes: "... in the custom of a Russian woman, arrange her life only once and endure everything that falls out in it." And she endures. When a fugitive is announced, she even assumes the guilt of her husband. “Without guilt, but guilty,” says Rasputin. Nastena "took" the cross of Andrei, who still vaguely understands what his decision to return home will turn into. But for this offense he will be maliciously punished by fate. And soon the terrible consequences of apostasy begin to be traced, especially for the person himself. There is an inevitable disintegration, loss of personality. And the punishment of man is in himself. Andrei learned to howl like a wolf from a beast wandering near the hut and thought with malevolent vindictiveness: “It will come in handy to scare good people.” He adapted to steal fish from other people's holes - and not out of extreme need, but out of a desire to annoy those who, unlike him, live openly, without hiding, without fear. Then he comes to a strange village and kills a calf, never realizing that he did it not only for the sake of meat, but also for the sake of some whim of his own, which settled in him firmly and powerfully.

Thus, ties with what is dear and sacred to everyone are broken: with people, with nature, with respect for other people's work and property. Andrei did not pass the test for humanity, his soul disintegrates, and Nastena turns into a driven creature. Shame, not passing and stinging, withers her conscientious nature. A double life, step by step, selects the simplest and most necessary joys. There is no longer cordiality, simplicity and trust in communicating with her friends, she can now neither speak, nor cry, nor sing along with people. Out of habit, they take her for their own, and she is already a stranger to them, an outsider. There is no joy from love, from motherhood, which she was waiting for, from Victory. It has nothing to do with the great Victory Day. The very last person has, but she doesn’t.” The child also turned into a tragedy. What fate awaits him? How to explain to people its appearance? And not get rid of it? It turns out that Nastya also had stolen love, stolen motherhood, stolen life.

“It is sweet to live, it is terrible to live, it is a shame to live,” Rasputin notes. Tired despair drags Nastena into a swift whirlpool.

And one night, when she did not manage to swim across to Andrey, because her fellow villagers, alerted by her pregnancy, began to look after her, she, having heard a chase not far away, tired, tormented, rushes into the water, not saving Andrey, but putting an end to her share. Pure before the world and people Nastena, leaving in the waters of the Angara. With her ability to sacrifice; - by taking upon herself, innocent, the guilt of her husband, she embodies true values. Even the terrible civilized world did not break her, did not embitter her at all. But Andrei did not stand the test of life. His moral principles are crumbling. And now there is no justification for his flight, which he saw in the unborn child. He thought that the born life would replace the ruined one, save him from the painful pricks of conscience for a uselessly burnt existence. The death of his wife and unborn child, those who were dear to Andrei, as he explained, justified his desertion, the author of the hero punishes: “Live and remember. Live and remember!
*

Sometimes the punishment is death, sometimes it's life. And so Andrey is compelled to live. But to live empty, driven, brutalized. Any death is better than such a life. And Andrei's fault is that he fought off the people, the people, for a difficult time. And Rasputin severely punishes him for this. “Live and remember. Live and remember! - the writer addresses his reader, so that we remember that it is impossible to live apart from the fate of the people.

Other writings on this work

Mastery of depicting folk life in one of the works of Russian literature of the XX century. (V.G. Rasputin. “Live and remember.”)

In 1974, Rasputin wrote "Live and Remember". The heroes of this work, the events described in it, as well as the problems of the story are very interesting. We will talk about all this in this article.

Rasputin begins "Live and Remember" as follows. Heroes of the work (main) - Andrey Guskov and his wife, Nastena. In the last year of the war, Andrei Guskov, a local resident, secretly returns to the village located on the Angara. He does not think that he will be met in his home with open arms, but he believes in the support of his wife. Indeed, Nastena, although she does not want to admit it to herself, understands by instinct that her husband has returned. She didn't marry him for love. 4 years of marriage were not particularly happy, but the heroine was devoted to her husband and for the first time in her life found his reliability and protection in the house (Nastena grew up an orphan).

Nastya's life in her husband's house

Without much thought, the girl married Andrey: she still has to go out, so why delay? She had little idea of ​​what awaited her in a strange village and a new family. It turned out that from the workers (Nastena lived and worked with her aunt), she again ended up as workers, only the yard is different, the demand is stricter and the farm is larger. Perhaps in a new family, the attitude towards her would be better if the girl gave birth to a child. However, she had no children.

News about Andrey

She heard from childhood that a woman without children is no longer a woman. Nastena considers herself guilty. Only once, when, reproaching her, Andrei said something unbearable, the woman answered out of resentment that it was not known who the reason was - in him or in her. Then her husband beat her half to death. Nastena, when Andrey is taken to the war, is even a little glad that she is left without children. Letters regularly come from the front, then from the hospital. After that, there is no news for a long time, only once a policeman and the chairman of the village council come into the hut and ask Nastya to show the correspondence.

Meeting with husband

Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" continues as follows. When the ax disappears in the Guskovs' family bath, Nastena thinks that perhaps her husband has returned. Just in case, she leaves bread in the bathhouse, once she even drowns her and meets Andrei here. His return becomes their secret and is perceived by Nastena as her cross.

Help Andrey

She comes willingly to help her husband, ready to steal and lie for him. We have to accept everything in marriage: both good and bad. Courage and enthusiasm settle in the soul of Nastena. She selflessly helps her husband, especially when she realizes that she is expecting a child. Nastena is ready for anything: for meetings with her husband across the river in a winter hut, for long conversations about the hopelessness of this situation, for hard work at home, for insincerity in relations with other villagers. Nastena pulls his strap with remarkable male strength. You will learn more about her relationship with her husband by reading the analysis at the end of the article. Rasputin wrote "Live and Remember" not only to show the difficult relationship of the characters. You can also learn about other issues raised in the story by reading the article to the end.

Andrei is not a traitor, not a murderer, but just a deserter who escaped from the hospital, from where they wanted to send him to the front, without really healing. He has already set himself up for a vacation and cannot refuse to return. Realizing that in his village, in the world, in the country there will be no forgiveness for him, he wants to drag it out to the last, not thinking about his wife, parents and unborn child.

unsolvable question

The personal connection with Andrey Nastena conflicts with their way of life, as the analysis shows. Rasputin ("Live and Remember") notes that Nastena cannot raise her eyes to the wives who receive funerals, unable to rejoice, as before, when the neighbor's peasants return from the war. She recalls at the village holiday in honor of the victory with unexpected anger about Andrei, because because of him she cannot rejoice at her, like everyone else. An insoluble question was put by the husband before Nastena: with whom should she be? Andrei's girlfriend condemns, especially now that the war is ending and it seems that he would have remained intact. However, judging, she retreats: after all, she is his wife.

Nastya's suicide

Nastena's former friends, noticing her pregnancy, begin to laugh at her, and her mother-in-law drives her out of the house. The girl, forced to restrain her feelings, to hide them, is exhausted more and more. Her fearlessness turns into a risk, into wasted feelings. They push her to commit suicide. Nastena finds rest in the waters of the Angara.

Analysis of the work

So, you got acquainted with the content of the work written by Rasputin ("Live and Remember"). The issues raised in the text deserve separate consideration. Philosophical questions about honor and conscience, about the meaning of life, about the responsibility of people for their own actions usually come to the fore. The author talks about betrayal and selfishness, about the relationship between public and personal in the human soul, about life and death. In the work "Live and Remember" (Rasputin) is also revealed.

War is a tragic and terrible event that has become a test for people. A person in shows the true features of his nature. The central image in the work is the image of Nastena. This is important to note when doing the analysis. Rasputin ("Live and Remember") portrayed this girl as combining in her character the features of a village righteous woman: faith in man, mercy, responsibility for the fate of others, kindness. The problem of forgiveness and humanism is closely connected with her bright image.

She found the strength in herself to help Andrei, to take pity on him. It was a difficult step for her: the girl had to cheat, lie, live in fear, dodge. She already felt that she was becoming a stranger, moving away from her fellow villagers. However, she chose this path for the sake of her husband, because she loved him.

The war changed the main characters a lot, as you can see by doing the analysis yourself. Rasputin ("Live and Remember") notes that they realized that in worldly life their remoteness from each other and quarrels were absurd. In difficult times, the spouses were warmed by the hope for a new life. Nastena hopes that her husband will be able to repent and go out to people. However, he hesitates to do so.

The main idea of ​​the work is the moral responsibility of a person for his actions. Using the example of Andrey Guskov's life, the author shows how easy it is to make an irreparable mistake, to show weakness, to stumble. Rasputin told us about all this. "Live and remember" after reading many reviews is positive. The writer managed to raise important issues and skillfully reveal them in this story. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" was filmed. It was made into a film of the same name in 2008. Producer -

V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember"

The events described in the story take place in the winter of forty-five, in the last war year, on the banks of the Angara in the village of Atamanovka. The name, it would seem, is loud, and in the recent past even more frightening - Razboinikovo. “... Once upon a time, in the old days, the local peasants did not disdain one quiet and profitable trade: they checked the goldsmiths coming from Lena.” But the inhabitants of the village had long been quiet and harmless and did not hunt for robbery. Against the backdrop of this virgin and wild nature, the main event of the story takes place - the betrayal of Andrei Guskov.

questions raised in the story.

Who is to blame for the moral fall of man? What is a person's path to betrayal? What is the measure of a person's responsibility for his own destiny and the destiny of the Motherland?

The war, as an exceptional circumstance, placed all people, including Guskov, before a "choice" that everyone had to make.

The path to betrayal

War is a severe test for the people. But if in strong people she brought up stamina, inflexibility, heroism, then in the hearts of the weak cowardice, cruelty, selfishness, disbelief, despair germinated and began to bear their bitter fruits.

In the image of Andrei Guskov, the hero of the story “Live and Remember”, the soul of a weak person is revealed to us, crippled by the harsh events of the war, as a result of which he became a deserter. How did this man, who honestly defended his homeland from enemies for several years and even earned the respect of his comrades in arms, decide on an act despised by everyone, always and everywhere, regardless of age and nationality?

V. Rasputin shows the way to the betrayal of the hero. Of all those leaving for the front, Guskov experienced this the hardest: “Andrey looked at the village in silence and resentment, for some reason he was ready not to war, but to blame the village for being forced to leave it”. But despite the fact that it is hard for him to leave home, he says goodbye to his family quickly, dryly: “What has to be cut off, must be cut off immediately ...”

Andrei Guskov at first did not intend to desert, he honestly went to the front and was a good fighter and comrade, earning the respect of his friends. But the horrors of the war, the injury sharpened the egoism of this man, who placed himself above his comrades, deciding that it was he who needed to survive, be saved, come back alive at all costs.

Knowing that the war was already coming to an end, he tried to survive at any cost. His wish came true, but not quite: he was injured and was sent to the hospital. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. Lying in the ward, he already imagined how he would return home, and he was so sure of this that he did not even call his relatives to the hospital to see him. The news that he was again sent to the front struck like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant.

The author Valentin Rasputin does not try to justify the desertion of Andrei, but seeks to explain from the position of a hero: he fought for a long time, deserved a vacation, wanted to see his wife, but the vacation due to him after being wounded was canceled. The betrayal committed by Andrei Guskov creeps into his soul gradually. At first, he was haunted by the fear of death, which seemed inevitable to him: "Not today - so tomorrow, not tomorrow - so the day after tomorrow, when the turn turns up." Guskov survived both wounds and shell shock, experienced tank attacks and ski raids. V.G. Rasputin emphasizes that among the scouts Andrei was considered a reliable comrade. Why did he embark on the path of betrayal? At first, Andrei just wants to see his family, with Nastena, stay at home for a while and return. However, having traveled by train to Irkutsk, Guskov realized that in the winter you would not turn around even in three days. Andrei recalled the demonstration execution, when a boy who wanted to run fifty miles away to his village was shot in his presence. Guskov understands that they will not pat him on the head for an AWOL. Thus, unaccounted for circumstances made Guskov's path much longer than he expected, and he decided that this was fate, there was no turning back. In moments of spiritual turmoil, despair and fear of death, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself - to desert, which turned his life and soul upside down, made him a different person.

Gradually Andrei began to hate himself. In Irkutsk, for some time, he settled with the mute woman Tanya, although he had absolutely no intention of doing this. A month later, Guskov finally ended up in his native places. However, the hero did not feel joy at the sight of the village. V.G. Rasputin constantly emphasizes that, having committed a betrayal, Guskov embarked on the bestial path. After some time, the life that he so cherished at the front became not sweet to him. Having committed treason to his homeland, Andrei cannot respect himself. Mental anguish, nervous tension, the inability to relax even for a minute turn him into a hunted beast.

Forced to hide in the forest from people, Guskov gradually loses all the human, good beginning that was in him. Only anger and indefatigable egoism remain in his heart by the end of the story, he is only worried about his own fate.

Andrei Guskov deserts consciously, for the sake of his life, and Nastya, his wife, forces him to hide, thereby dooming her to live in a lie: “That's what I'll tell you right away, Nastya. No dog must know that I am here. Tell someone I'll kill you. Kill - I have nothing to lose. I have a firm hand on this, it won’t break, ”- with these words he meets his wife after a long separation. And Nastya had no choice but to simply obey him. She was at one with him until her death, although sometimes she was visited by thoughts that it was he who was to blame for her suffering, but not only for her, but also for the suffering of her unborn child, conceived not at all in love, but in a rude impulse, animal passion. This unborn child suffered along with his mother. Andrei did not realize that this child was doomed to live his whole life in disgrace. For Guskov, it was important to fulfill his masculine duty, to leave an heir, and how this child would live on, he was of little concern. The author shows how, having betrayed himself and his people, Guskov inevitably betrays the closest and understanding person to him - his wife Nastya, who is ready to share the guilt and shame of her husband, and his unborn child, whom he cruelly dooms to a tragic death.

Nastya understood that both the life of her child and herself were doomed to further shame and suffering. Shielding and protecting her husband, she commits suicide. She decides to rush into the Angara, thereby killing herself and her unborn baby. In all this, of course, Andrey Guskov is to blame. This moment is the punishment with which higher powers can punish a person who has violated all moral laws. Andrei is doomed to a painful life. Nastena's words: "Live and remember," will knock on his inflamed brain until the end of his days.

Why did Guskov become a traitor? The hero himself would like to shift the blame to "rock", before which the "will" is powerless.

It is no coincidence that the word “fate” runs like a red thread through the whole story, to which Guskov clings so. He's not ready. He does not want to be responsible for his actions, for his crime he tries with all his might to hide behind “fate”, “fate”. “This is all war, all of it,” he again began to justify himself and conjure. “Andrey Guskov understood: fate had turned him into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And the fact that there was no way back for him freed Andrei from unnecessary thoughts. The unwillingness to recognize the need for personal responsibility for one's actions is the reason for the appearance of a wormhole in Guskov's soul, which determines his crime (desertion).

War on the pages of the story

The story does not describe battles, deaths on the battlefield, the exploits of Russian soldiers, front-line life. Only life in the rear. And yet - this is precisely the story of the war.

Rasputin explores the deforming influence on a person of a force whose name is war. Without the war, apparently, Guskov would not have succumbed only to the instilled fear of death and would not have reached such a fall. Perhaps, since childhood, the egoism and resentment that have settled in him would have found a way out in some other forms, but not in such an ugly one. If there hadn't been a war, the fate of Nastya's friend, Nadya, who remained at twenty-seven with three children in her arms, would have been different: a funeral came to her husband. Don't be a war... But it was, it was on, people died on it. And he, Guskov, decided that it was possible to live according to other laws than the whole people. And this incommensurable opposition doomed him not only to loneliness among people, but also to an indispensable reciprocal rejection.

The result of the war for the family of Andrei Guskov was three broken lives. But, unfortunately, there were many such families, many of them collapsed.

Telling us about the tragedy of Nastya and Andrei Guskov, Rasputin shows us war as a force that deforms a person’s personality, capable of destroying hopes, extinguishing self-confidence, undermining unstable characters and even breaking the strong. After all, Nastena, unlike Andrey, is an innocent victim, who suffered as a result of the inability to choose between her people and the person with whom she once connected her life. Nastena never cheated on anyone, always remaining true to the moral principles that were laid down in her since childhood, and therefore her death seems even more terrible and tragic.

Rasputin highlights the inhumane nature of war, which brings suffering and misfortune to people, without understanding who is right, who is to blame, who is weak, who is strong.

War and love

Their love and war are the two driving forces that determined the bitter fate of Nastena and the shameful fate of Andrei. Although the characters were initially different - the human Nastya and the cruel Andrey. She is kindness and spiritual nobility itself, he is blatant callousness and selfishness. At first, the war even brought them closer, but no trials endured together can overcome moral incompatibility. After all, love, like any other relationship, is broken by betrayal.

Andrey's feeling for Nastya is rather consumer. He always wants to receive something from her - whether it be objects of the material world (an ax, bread, a gun) or feelings. It is much more interesting to understand if Nasten loved Andrey? She rushed into marriage, "like into water", in other words, she did not hesitate for a long time. Nastena's love for her husband was built partly on a feeling of gratitude, because he took her, a lonely orphan, to his house, did not let anyone offend. True, her husband's kindness was only enough for a year, and then he even beat her half to death, but Nastena, following the old rule: they agreed - you have to live, patiently carried her cross, getting used to her husband, to family, to a new place.

In part, her attachment to Andrey can be explained by a sense of guilt because they did not have children. Nastena did not think that Andrei could be at fault here. So later, for some reason, she blamed herself for her husband's crime. But in essence, Nastena cannot love anyone other than her husband, because one of the sacred family commandments for her is marital fidelity. Like all women, Nastena was waiting for her husband, eager for him, worried and afraid for him. He also thought about her. If Andrei had been a different person, he would most likely have returned from the army, and they would have lived a normal family life again. Everything happened wrong: Andrei returned ahead of schedule. He returned as a deserter. Traitor. A traitor to the Motherland. In those days, this stigma was indelible. Nastena does not turn away from her husband. She finds the strength in herself to understand him. Such behavior is the only possible form of existence for her. She helps Andrei, because it is natural for her to feel sorry, give and sympathize. She no longer remembers the bad things that overshadowed their pre-war family life. She knows only one thing - her husband is in big trouble, he must be pitied and saved. And she saves as best she can. Fate brought them together again and, as a huge ordeal, sent them a child.

The child should be sent as a reward, as the greatest happiness. How once Nastena dreamed of him! Now the child - the fruit of the love of his parents - is a burden, a sin, although he was conceived in a legal marriage. And again Andrei thinks only of himself: "We don't care about him." He says "we", but really "spit" only to him. Nastena cannot be as indifferent to this event. For Andrei, the main thing is that a child is born, the race continues. He does not think at this moment about Nastya, who will have to endure shame and humiliation. Such is the extent of his love for his wife. Of course, it cannot be denied that Guskov is attached to Nastya. Sometimes even he has moments of tenderness and enlightenment, when he thinks with horror about what he is doing, into what abyss he is pushing his wife.

Their love was not the kind that is written about in novels. This is the usual relationship between a man and a woman, husband and wife. The war revealed both Nastya's devotion to her husband and Guskov's consumerist attitude towards his wife. The war also destroyed this family, like the family of Nadya Berezkina and thousands of other families. Although someone still managed to maintain their relationship, like Lisa and Maxim Voloshin, And Lisa could walk with her head held high. And the Guskovs, even if they had saved their family, would never have been able to raise their eyes in shame, because in love and in war one must be honest. Andrew couldn't be honest. This determined the difficult fate of Nastena. So peculiarly Rasputin solves the theme of love and war.

The meaning of the name. The title of the story is connected with the statement of V. Astafiev: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in the turmoil, in the most difficult days and trials: your place is with your people; any apostasy, caused by your weakness, or foolishness, turns into even greater grief for your Motherland and people, and therefore for you.

Andrey Guskov is least of all worried that he betrayed his land, his Motherland, abandoned his comrades in arms in a difficult moment, depriving, according to Rasputin, his life of the highest meaning. Hence the moral degradation of Guskov, his savagery. Having left no offspring and betraying everything dear to him, he is doomed to oblivion and loneliness, no one will remember him with a kind word, because cowardice combined with cruelty has always been condemned. A completely different Nastena appears before us, who did not want to leave her husband in trouble, voluntarily shared the blame with him, and assumed responsibility for someone else's betrayal. Helping Andrei, she does not justify either him or herself before the human court, because she believes that betrayal has no forgiveness. Nastya's heart is torn to pieces: on the one hand, she considers herself not entitled to leave the person with whom she once connected her life in difficult times. On the other hand, she suffers endlessly, deceiving people, keeping her terrible secret and therefore suddenly feeling lonely, cut off from the people.

In a heavy conversation on this topic, an important symbolically image of the Angara arises. “You only had one side: people. There, on the right hand of the Angara. And now two: people and me. It is impossible to reduce them: it is necessary that the Angara dry up", - says Andrey Nastene.

During the conversation, it turns out that once the heroes had the same dream: Nastena, in a girl's form, comes to Andrei, who lies near the birches and calls him, telling that she was tormented with the children.

The description of this dream once again emphasizes the painful insolubility of the situation that Nastena found herself in.

The heroine finds the strength to sacrifice her happiness, peace, her life for the sake of her husband. But realizing that by doing so she breaks all ties between herself and the people, Nastena cannot survive this and tragically dies.

And yet, the highest justice triumphs at the end of the story, because people understood and did not condemn Nastena's actions. Guskov, on the other hand, does not cause anything but contempt and disgust, since "a person who has stepped onto the path of betrayal at least once, goes along it to the end."

Andrey Guskov pays the highest price: there will be no continuation of it; no one will ever understand him the way Nastena does. From this moment on, it doesn’t matter how he, having heard the noise on the river and prepared to hide, will live on: his days are numbered, and he will spend them like before, like an animal. Maybe, being already caught, he will even howl like a wolf in despair. Guskov must die, and Nastena dies. This means that the deserter dies twice, and now forever.

... In all of Atamanovka there was not a single person who would simply feel sorry for Nastena. Only before his death, Nastena hears the cry of Maxim Vologzhin: "Nastena, don't you dare!" Maxim - one of the first front-line soldiers who knew what death is, understands that life is the greatest value. After Nastya's body was found, she was not buried in the cemetery of the drowned, because "the women did not give it", but they buried her among her own, but from the edge.

The story ends with the author's message, from which it is clear that they do not talk about Guskov, they do not "remember" - for him "the connection of times has broken up", he has no future. The author speaks of the drowned Nastya as if she were alive (nowhere replacing her name with the word "deceased"): “After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya’s for a simple wake and wept: it was a pity for Nasten”. With these words, which signify the “connection of times” restored for Nastena (the traditional ending for folklore is about the hero’s memory through the ages), V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” ends.

The title of the book is "Live and Remember". These words tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become a lesson in the life of every person. Live and remember that in life there is betrayal, meanness, human fall, the test of love with this blow. Live and remember that you cannot go against conscience and that in moments of difficult trials you must be with the people. The call “Live and remember” is addressed to all of us: a person is responsible for his actions!

The writing

War... The word itself speaks of misfortune and grief, misfortune and tears. How many people died during this terrible Great Patriotic War!.. But, dying, they knew that they were fighting for their land, for their relatives and friends. Death is scary, but the spiritual death of a person is much more terrible. This is what V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" tells about.

The author reveals the soul of the deserter Andrei Guskov. This man was in the war, was wounded and shell-shocked more than once. But, having been discharged from the hospital, Andrei did not go to his unit, but thievishly made his way to his native village, becoming a deserter.

There is no detective plot in the story, there are few heroes, but all this only reinforces the growing psychologism. V. Rasputin specifically in the image of Andrei depicts an ordinary person with average mental and spiritual abilities. He was not a coward, at the front he conscientiously performed all the soldier's duties.

“He was afraid to go to the front,” says the author. - He prepared all of himself, to the last drop and to the last thought, for a meeting with his relatives - with his father, mother, Nastena - he lived with this, he recovered and breathed with this, he only knew this ... How back, again under bullets, under death, when near, in his own side, in Siberia? Is it right, fair? He would only have one single day to be at home, to calm his soul - then he is again ready for anything. Yes, that's exactly what Andrew wanted to do. But something broke in him, something changed. The road turned out to be long, he got used to the idea of ​​the impossibility of returning.

In the end, he burns all the bridges and becomes a deserter, which means a criminal. When Andrei was near his home, he realized the vileness of his act, realized that something terrible had happened and now he had to hide from people all his life. It is in this vein that the image of the protagonist is most often interpreted. But it should be borne in mind that Andrei is still too young to become a heroic person. He was not going to desert, but the longing for his relatives, family, native village turned out to be the strongest, and the very day that he was not given to leave becomes fatal.

This story is not only about how a soldier becomes a deserter. It is also about cruelty, the destructive power of war, which kills feelings and desires in a person. If this happens, the person is completely free to become a hero. If not, then the longing will usually be stronger. Therefore, Andrei Guskov is not just a traitor, he is a person doomed to death from the very beginning. He is weak, but can he be blamed for being weak?

The tragedy of the story is enhanced by the fact that not only Andrei dies in it. Following him, he takes away both his young wife and the unborn child. Nastena is a woman who is able to sacrifice everything so that her loved one remains alive. But despite her love for him, she still considers her husband to be guilty. Her pain is intensified by the possible condemnation of her fellow villagers.

Like her husband, Nastena is a victim of an all-destroying war. But if Andrei can be blamed, then Nastena is an innocent victim. She is ready to take the blow, the suspicions of loved ones, the condemnation of her neighbors, even punishment - all this causes undeniable sympathy in the reader. “The war delayed Nastenino's happiness, but Nastena believed in the war that it would be. Peace will come, Andrey will return, and everything that has stopped over the years will start moving again. Otherwise, Nastena could not imagine her life. But Andrey came ahead of time, before the victory, and confused everything, mixed it up, knocked it out of its order - Nastena could not help but guess about this. Now I had to think not about happiness - about something else. And it, frightened, moved away somewhere, eclipsed, obscured - there was no way for it, it seemed, from there, no hope. The idea of ​​life is destroyed, and with them, life itself. Having lost support in this whirlpool, Nastena chooses another whirlpool: the river takes the woman to her, freeing her from any other choice.

Valentin Rasputin, a humanist in fact, in the story "Live and Remember" draws the inhumane nature of war, which kills even at a great distance.

The protagonist of the book is Andrey Guskov, "an efficient and brave guy who married Nastya early and lived with her not well, not badly for four years before the war." But the Great Patriotic War unceremoniously invades the peaceful life of the Russian people. Together with the entire male part of the population, Andrei also went to war. Nothing foreshadowed such a strange and incomprehensible alignment, and now, like an unexpected blow for Nastena, the news that her husband Andrei Guskov is a traitor. Not every person is given to experience such grief and shame. This incident abruptly turns and changes the life of Nastya Guskova. “...Where were you, man, what toys did you play with when you were assigned a fate? Why did you agree with her? Why, without thinking, did you cut off your wings, just when they are most needed, when you need to run away from trouble, not crawling, but in the summer? Now she is under the power of her feelings and love. Lost in the depths of village life, the female drama is extracted and shown as a living picture that is increasingly seen against the background of the war.

The author claims that Nastena is a victim of the war and its laws. She could not act differently, not obeying her feelings and the will of fate. Nastya loves and pities Andrei, but when shame for the human judgment of herself and her unborn child defeats the power of love for her husband and life, she stepped overboard in the middle of the Angara, dying between two banks - the coast of her husband and the coast of all Russian people. Rasputin gives readers the right to judge the actions of Andrei and Nastena, to reveal for themselves all the good and realize all the bad.

The author himself is a kind writer, inclined to forgive a person rather than to condemn, all the more to condemn mercilessly. He tries to give his heroes a chance to make amends. But there are such phenomena and events that are unbearable for the people around the heroes, for the comprehension of which the author does not have the spiritual strength, but there is only one rejection. Valentin Rasputin, with inexhaustible purity of heart for a Russian writer, shows a resident of our village in the most unexpected situations.

The nobility of Nastya is compared by the author with the wild mind of Guskov. On the example of how Andrei pounces on the calf and bullies him, it is clear that he has lost his human image, completely moved away from people. Nastya is trying to reason and show her husband's mistake, but she does it lovingly, does not insist. The author introduces many thoughts about life into his story. We see this especially well when Andrei and Nastya meet. Heroes languish in their reflections not from melancholy or idleness, but wanting to understand the purpose of human life.

The images described by Rasputin are great and multifaceted. Here is the collective image of grandfather Mikheich and his wife, the conservatively strict Semyonovna, typical of village life. And the image of the soldier Maxim Volozhin, courageous and heroic, who spared no effort, fought for the Fatherland. The many-sided and contradictory image of a truly Russian woman - Nadya, left alone with three children. It is she who confirms the words of N. A. Nekrasov: ".. Russian share, female share." Both life during the war and its happy ending were reflected in the fate of the village of Atamanovka.

Valentin Rasputin convinces us with everything that he wrote that there is light in a person and it is difficult to extinguish it, no matter what the circumstances. In the heroes of V.G. Rasputin and in himself there is a certain poetic feeling, opposed to the established perception of life. Follow the words of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin: "Live for a century - love a century."

Other writings on this work

Mastery of depicting folk life in one of the works of Russian literature of the XX century. (V.G. Rasputin. “Live and remember.”) The story of V. Rasputin "Live and remember" Why "Live and remember"? Problems of morality in modern literature

There are many examples in the literature when circumstances turn out to be higher than the willpower of the heroes, for example, the image of Andrei Guskov from the story "Live and Remember" by Valentin Rasputin. The work is written with the author's deep knowledge of folk life, the psychology of the common man. The author puts his heroes in a difficult situation: a young guy Andrei Guskov honestly fought almost until the very end of the war, but in 1944 he ended up in a hospital, and his life cracked. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. But it was not there, the news that he was again sent to the front struck him like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant. And in moments of spiritual confusion and despair, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself, which turned his whole life and soul upside down, made him a different person.

In any work of art, the title plays a very important role for the reader. The title of the story "Live and Remember" prompts us to a deeper concept and understanding of the work. These words "Live and remember" - tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become an unshakable eternal lesson in a person's life.

Andrei was afraid to go to the front, but more than this fear was resentment and anger at everything that brought him back to the war, not allowing him to stay at home. And, in the end, he decides to commit a crime and becomes a deserter. Before, he didn’t even have such thoughts in his thoughts, but the longing for his relatives, family, native village turned out to be the strongest of all. And the very day on which he was not given a vacation becomes fatal and turns the life of the hero and his family upside down.

When Andrey found himself near his home, he realized the vileness of his act, realized that a terrible thing had happened and now he had to hide from people all his life, look back, be afraid of every rustle. This story is not only about how a soldier becomes a deserter. It is also about cruelty, the destructive power of war, which kills feelings and desires in a person. If a soldier in war thinks only of victory, he can become a hero. If not, then the longing will usually be stronger. Constantly thinking about meeting with his family, the soldier mentally strives to see all his relatives and friends, to get to his home as soon as possible. In Andrei, these feelings were very strong, pronounced. And therefore he is a person doomed to death from the very beginning, since from the minute when the war began, and until the last moment, he lived in memories and in anticipation of a meeting.

The tragedy of the story is enhanced by the fact that not only Andrei dies in it. Following him, he takes away both his young wife and the unborn child. His wife, Nastena, is a woman who is able to sacrifice everything so that her loved one stays alive. Like her husband, Nastena is a victim of an all-destroying war and its laws. But if Andrei can be blamed, then Nastena is an innocent victim. She is ready to take the blow, the suspicions of loved ones, the condemnation of neighbors and even punishment. All this evokes undeniable sympathy in the reader.

"The war delayed Nastenino's happiness, but Nastena believed in the war that it would come. Peace would come, Andrei would return, and everything that had stopped over the years would start moving again. Nastena could not have imagined her life otherwise. But Andrei came earlier time, before victory, and confused everything, mixed it up, knocked it out of its order - Nastena could not help but guess about this. Now I had to think not about happiness - about something else. And, frightened, moved away somewhere, eclipsed, obscured - it seemed to him that there was no hope from there.”

The idea of ​​life is destroyed, and with them, life itself. Not every person is given the opportunity to experience such grief and shame that Nastena took upon herself. She constantly had to lie, get out of difficult situations, figure out what to say to her fellow villagers.

The author introduces many thoughts about life into the story "Live and Remember". We see this especially well when Andrey meets Nastena. They not only remember the most vivid impressions from the past, but also reflect on the future. In my opinion, the boundary between the past and future life of Nastya and Andrei is very clearly distinguished here. From their conversations, it is clear that they used to live happily: this is proved by the many joyful occasions and moments that he recalled. They imagine them very clearly, as if it were just recently. But they cannot imagine the future. How is it possible to live away from all human people, not to see mother and father and friends? You can’t hide from everyone and be afraid of everything for the rest of your life! But they have no other way, and the heroes understand this. It is worth noting that basically Nastena and Andrei talk about that happy life, and not about what will happen.

The story ends with the tragic death of Nastena and her unborn child. She was tired of living such a life - a life away from all living things. Nastena no longer believed anything, it seemed to her that she had come up with it all herself.

"The head really broke. Nastena was ready to tear off her skin. She tried to think and move less - there was nothing for her to think about, nowhere to move. Enough. ... She was tired. Who knew how tired she was and how much she wants to relax!". She jumped over the side of the boat and ... The author did not even write this word - she drowned. He described it all in figurative terms. “Far, far away from the inside, there was a flickering, like from a terrible beautiful fairy tale.” There is a noticeable play on words - “creepy” and “beautiful” fairy tales. Probably, the way it is - terrible, because it is still death, but beautiful, because it is precisely she saved Nastena from all her torment and suffering.

Great and multifaceted images described by Rasputin. Here we see the collective image of grandfather Mikheich and his wife, the conservatively strict Semyonovna, typical of village life. Soldier Maxim Volozhin, courageous and heroic, who spared no effort, fought for the Fatherland. The many-sided and contradictory image of a truly Russian woman - Nadya, left alone with three children. It is she who confirms the words of N.A. Nekrasov: Russian share, female share.

Everything was reflected and it seemed - life during the war and its happy ending - on the life of the village of Atamanovka. Valentin Rasputin convinces us with everything that he wrote that there is light in a person, and it is difficult to extinguish it, no matter what the circumstances! In the heroes of V.G. Rasputin and in himself there is a poetic sense of life, opposed to the established perception of life.

Follow the words of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin - "live a century - love a century."