• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• Yu Moritz - poems "When we were young ...", "It's good to be young!" Special perception of the world, nature in young years. Youth is a wonderful time, a person is inexperienced, makes mistakes, tends to dream. Everything is seen differently than in adulthood.
• B.Sh. Okudzhava - poem "Youth passes quickly ...". The author's reflection on the past. The realization that with age comes wisdom, experience. It is given to a person hard, through trial and error: "the forehead is in sweat, the soul is in bruises." It is a sad realization that with experience the possibility of perceiving life as a riddle disappears. A person becomes wiser, makes fewer mistakes. His path becomes even and smooth.
• K. Paustovsky - story "The birth of a story." The motif of the life-giving influence of youth on the human soul sounds. A young girl gives birth to a rush of inspiration in the writer.
• D. Likhachev - “Letters about the good and the beautiful” - “Second letter. Youth is all life. The author argues that this is the best time in a person's life, during this period all habits, attitudes towards the profession are laid, a person makes friends.

• The power of love makes a person change for the sake of the one he loves.
• Love is not always beautiful on the outside, it is expressed in happiness inside a person.
• Love can make a person go to rash, fearless and even immoral acts.
• The essence of love lies in the fact that a loving person will never hurt a loved one.
• Love for people is the ability to sacrifice yourself for their happiness.
• Love brings out the best feelings in a person

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Pierre Bezukhov's love for Natasha Rostova can be called real. He knew that Natasha was the bride of Andrei Bolkonsky, his friend, so he did not allow himself too much. Pierre's best feelings were manifested in his readiness to help, support in a difficult situation. He respected the man he loves. Pierre had the opportunity to look after Natasha when Prince Andrei was away, but he considered it low to interfere with someone else's happiness, to destroy the relationship of people close to him. This is true love: it lives inside a person, manifests itself in noble deeds.

A. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet". Zheltkov, an ordinary official, turns out to be capable of true love. Love for Vera Sheina is the basis of his life. Zheltkov devoted his entire existence to this woman. He understood that they could not be together: the social status of these two people was very different. Zheltkov did not interfere with Vera Nikolaevna's life, did not dream of conquering her, but simply loved - this was the highest happiness for him. The hero's suicide is not cowardice, because he passed away so as not to interfere with Vera Sheina. Zheltkov gave her the most precious thing he had - a garnet bracelet. He said goodbye to life with a feeling of gratitude for everything that love had given him.

M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". Margarita's love for the Master can be called real, incredibly strong. Margarita is ready to do anything that will allow her to be with her loved one again. She makes a deal with the devil, becomes the queen at the ball of Satan. And all for the sake of one person - the Master, without whom she cannot live. Love motivates a person to do the most insane things. The power of love is greater than fear. Margarita proves this, for which she receives an award - eternal rest with the Master.

Jack London Martin Eden. Coming from the working class, a poor young sailor Martin Eden falls in love with Ruth Morse - a girl belonging to the upper class. Love motivates a young man with little education to develop in order to overcome the gulf that separates him from Ruth. Martin Eden reads a lot, begins to write his works. Soon he becomes one of the most educated people, having his own opinion on everything, most often different from the opinions prevailing in society. Martin Eden and Ruth Morse are engaged, but this is kept secret, because the young man is still trying to become a writer, but still has no money in his pocket. No one believes in Martin Eden: neither the sisters, nor Ruth, nor the Morse family. He works hard in the name of love: he writes, sleeps for four hours, reads, writes again, because he truly loves Ruth, wants to ensure their happiness. After a scandal over the identity of Martin Eden, arranged by a young reporter, the engagement is broken off. Ruth doesn't even want to talk to him. But when he becomes popular, rich, gets recognition, then they begin to love him. Ruth is no longer against marrying him: she says that she always loved him, that she made a terrible mistake. But Martin Eden does not believe these words. He realizes that he hasn't changed a bit since then. By the time the engagement was broken off, the acclaimed works had already been written. So, since Ruth broke up with him then, she really did not love. But Martin Eden's love was true, real, pure.

M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”. Real can be not only love between two hearts, but also love for people in general. Danko, the hero of the work, sacrifices his life in the name of saving people. His purpose is noble. Danko rips the heart out of his chest and lights the way for them. People come out of the forest and are saved. But no one remembers the feat of the hero, and yet he gave his life for the happiness of others.

The focus of our attention is the text of Daniil Alexandrovich Granin, a Russian writer and public figure, which describes the problem of the value of childhood in a person's life.

Reflecting on this problem, the author tells readers about the role of childhood in the life of every person and himself recalls this happy time. After all, this is an independent kingdom, independent of the adult future. The author recalls those moments with delight and talks about how happy he was.

Daniil Granin believes that childhood is the happiest time in the life of every person. It is at this time that the character of the child is laid, and the problems that stand in his way do not seem so large-scale.

As an argument, I will cite the work of L.N. Tolstoy “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth". The protagonist of the story enthusiastically talks about how he joked with teachers, played with peers, bitterly recalls how his mother died.

But still, childhood will always be the happiest time in his life.

And in Goncharov's novel Oblomov, in the chapter Oblomov's Dream, the protagonist recalls his childhood, that carefree time when he was loved and taken care of. These memories reminded the hero that real life is not as gray as it seems at first glance.

Thus, childhood is a happy time when a child enjoys everything that happens around him and keeps it in his memory. To, as an adult, enjoy those moments again.

Updated: 2016-12-02

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.

Thank you for your attention.

Useful material on the topic

In this collection, we have collected interesting and frequently encountered problems regarding the personality and its relationship with the outside world. Literary arguments for the essay for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language are selected for each problem. All of them are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article). Happy viewing!

1. Society always seeks to suppress the individual. A similar example can be found on the pages comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Chatsky is perhaps the only sane person who speaks openly about his vices and false ideas. For him, Molchalin is an empty and hypocritical careerist; Famusov is a selfish and vicious gentleman; Skalozub is an ignorant martinet. However, everyone around does not want to listen to his revelations, on the contrary, the interlocutors convince the guest that he is not all right, and they live righteously. Alexander is unable to endure the "politics" of the Famusov house, so he leaves this swamp of limited people, thereby defending the individual's right to individuality. His example proves that you should not follow the lead of the majority, even if you are the only warrior in the field.
2. However, not every person can be strong in soul. Sometimes society still wins in the struggle for the right to "possess personality." Dmitry Startsev, main character story by A.P. Chekhov "Ionych", fell into the circle of selfishness, vulgarity and lies, called "the values ​​of county life." From a pleasant and kind young man, Dmitry turns into a kind of person, who is usually called "Ionych". He loses not only his name, but also his personality, forgetting that he dreamed of a different destiny - serving science and people. Therefore, in the finale, he is disappointed both in himself and in his former ideals, finding the world around him empty and banal. This is what happens when a person succumbs to the pressure of the majority.
3. To destroy a person's right to individuality is not the most terrible thing, it is much more terrible to kill in him the opportunity to follow the call of his heart. For example, the heroine story by A. Kuprin "Olesya"- a girl who has lived all her life away from the peasant village, not knowing either the behavior or the life of the people living there. She met true love, but chose to give up her feelings when faced with the threats of a raging mob. After beating the "witch" who came to the church, people thought that she sent them a spontaneous revelry as revenge, which ruined the harvest. Then they decided to storm the dwelling of the "sorceress". Olesya was forced to flee. But she knew that she could not connect her life with the master, because the peasants would turn their anger on him too, so she left without saying goodbye. In obedience to conventions and prejudices, she lost her personal happiness.

The problem of personality formation

1. A sense of responsibility helps a person develop the ability to sacrifice and self-confidence. The protagonist of the story possesses these qualities K. Vorobyova "Killed near Moscow". Aleksey Yastrebov brought up courage and exactingness in himself under the yoke of danger. Aleksey is well aware of the fact that a real person is able to save not only the Motherland, but also the right to personal interests and beliefs - that is why he rises towards the German tank and wins not so much over him as over his own "I".
2. The formation of a personality is a difficult and long process, but the cherished “finish” is worth the effort and patience expended. The path of mistakes, losses and moral experiences was experienced by the protagonist novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"— Pierre Bezukhov. He darted from side to side, like the wind, which does not know which direction it needs to reach its goal. Pierre survived betrayal, captivity and war, but this not only did not break him, but tempered his character for new victories. In the end, he matured, settled down and found happiness in love, and discovered his destiny in the family and the house, where the fate of his wife and children depends on his ability to navigate a great voyage.

The role of personality in history

1. Often the problem of personality in history presents a twofold situation: on the one hand, a person can be a hero, and on the other, a villain. However, in both cases, he makes an invaluable contribution to history, or a series of actions that led to a whole bunch of different interpretations. For example, in the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Emelyan Pugachev is a liberator for the rebellious peasants, and a killer for the nobles and soldiers of the Empress. The cruelty with which he cracks down on the nobility is not at all consistent with the mercy shown to Masha Grineva - this is the main problem of the role of an outstanding personality in history. It is difficult to assess it objectively and unambiguously, because the power of the rebel was sometimes more humane than the tyranny of the empress, and in their approaches to enemies they are completely indistinguishable. But the chronicles of the past years are written by the victors, and the image of the bloody Pugachevshchina was written out by the hand of Catherine the Great.
2. L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" reveals the problem of the role of personality in history on the example of Kutuzov and Napoleon. There is no doubt that both military leaders were distinguished by unprecedented courage and courage, but they were distinguished by their commonality with the people. According to Tolstoy, Kutuzov was one with the interests of society, while Napoleon thought only about his own greatness. In addition, in the case of the Russian commander, the author's point of view on the problem posed is visible: history is made by the people, and not by their leader. The Russian field marshal only expresses the will to win common to all, he does not seek to personally get into the forefront of the historical arena. But the French emperor is trying to decide the fate of the world alone and suffers a well-deserved defeat. Tolstoy always gave the decisive role to the society, the collective, the ethnic group, and not to one representative of the human race. And this is right, because it was not two military leaders who fought and won victories, but two peoples.
3. In the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov" the tsar's favorite insulted the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Then the man stands up for the honor of the family and strikes even before the battle, telling Kiribeevich about the upcoming battle. Naturally, he wins the duel, but dies from the “justice” of the king, refusing to give out the reason for his retribution, so as not to defame his wife. In this example, it is clear that a person cannot change the course of history, it goes on as usual: harsh times make an honest merchant a victim of arbitrariness. However, the heroism and courage of such people for decades still change the vector of development of society, because now morals are much softer, and the court is less biased. This means that a person can contribute to history, only he will be modest, and the result is gradual.

Loneliness of an individual in a crowd

1. A person can rebel against society and do it extremely successfully, if you look at it from the side of the "philistine". So, for example, Grigory Melekhov is the main the hero of the novel by M. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"- goes against the foundations of the society where the "fathers" rule, and not the younger generation; where marriage and work are valued above all else, and treason is considered an unacceptable "trick". Gregory violates everything that his family built, not recognizing either moral principles or life values. He is alone in his views, but not in life. However, fate, crushed by war, still leads him to the tragedy of loneliness: he loses everyone who was dear to him. Because of the eternal throwing, he could not save any of the women, and in the final we see him driven and disappointed in everything.
2. Not all people who have "excommunicated" from society are able to be happy. He writes about it on the pages of his novel "Fathers and Sons" by I.S. Turgenev, contrasting the "old" views on the structure of life with the "new" ones that Bazarov shares. He does not find support either among the nobility, or among such a "close" to him peasantry. Bazarov was lonely not only in his views, but also in his personal life, having been rejected by his beloved woman, moving away from his family and losing a friend. On his deathbed, Eugene realizes that the country does not need him either.
3. On the example of Pechorin, the protagonist of M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time", one can see how lonely an outstanding, but superfluous person is. Pechorin is indeed an exceptional personality, but far from simple: he plays with the fates of other people, not taking into account either their feelings or the possibility of changing their destinies. And all these actions he performs only in order to separate himself from the concepts and stereotypes of society. He entertains himself in an attempt to appease the need for a really close and understanding person. He is very lonely, and we see confirmation in the scene where Grigory falls to his knees and sobs, having lost Vera forever. Of course, he himself is largely the cause of his misfortunes, but still we feel sorry for this lost wanderer, innocent of his fatal exclusivity that separates him from society.

Freedom and permissiveness of the individual

1. Does a person have a chance to break out of the vicious circle of social evils? This question was posed in the play "At the Bottom" by M. Gorky. By opposing the defender of truth - Sateen - and the new inhabitant of the rooming house - Luka, the author declares the high destiny of people, their strength, which is revealed only in the presence of truth. If the poor would open their eyes to what brought them to the bottom, what does not let them go out, then they would climb out into the light. But, drowning in fantasies and consolations, they become slaves to fictions and their own impotence. According to Gorky, it is necessary to soberly assess the situation, look for ways out of it, and not indulge yourself with illusions and excuses, inventing other chances and worlds. Only in this way does a person gain freedom and the proud right to be called a “man”.
2. The story of V. Bykov "Obelisk" contains the story of a real person who is ready to defend his moral convictions, despite life's circumstances. Teacher Frost, who has always taught children honesty and justice, stands on the verge of good and evil, where evil is the rejection of his own words, and therefore of himself. If the possibility of being saved meant limiting his principles, then the death he preferred was nothing more than "the moral freedom of the individual." He stepped over his fears, conquered his doubts, and became who he always wanted to be.
3. Answered the question about the freedom and permissiveness of the individual F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel "Crime and Punishment", where the main character - Rodion Raskolnikov - killed an old pawnbroker in order to prove the correctness of his theory. He believed that he had the right to control the destinies of this world, but the writer does not recognize such a right even for a talented young man, because such a kind of justice on the blood opens the personality to permissiveness, anarchy, which destroys not only the person himself, but also the world around him. Independence ends where the freedom of another living being begins. This is the golden moral rule that defines the limits of our will.

B.G. Ananiev in his statement raises the problem of the formation of the human personality. According to him, a person becomes a person far from immediately after his biological birth. A lot of time must pass with a certain set of processes so that a full-fledged personality is formed from an individual. In this matter, I adhere to the same point of view and consider it necessary to fully substantiate it.

Personality - a representative of the human species (individual) with a certain set of individual qualities, a formed position in relation to what is happening in various fields of activity, a set of accepted values ​​and capable of making conscious and deliberate actions. In the early stages of his development, a person first lives a completely unconscious life, with almost no control over his body. Biological maturation is accompanied by social maturation, that is, a person, under the influence of upbringing and socialization, absorbs established patterns of behavior, social knowledge and skills, general cultural values, various norms, and so on. The combination of all of the above constitutes a personality. A person as a personality must also have a set of individual, characteristic only for him, qualities, signs, character traits. Naturally, the transition of an individual to a higher social level, that is, becoming a personality, is not a sharp leap. This is a long-term process, the speed of which depends on many factors: the environment, biological inclinations, the situation in the country, the policy of the state in relation to children, the circumstances experienced. That is why an individual becomes a person in different years in different countries. Let me give you a few examples to support my words.

First, an example of the fact that the beginning of the personality occurs much later than the beginning of the individual can be seen in social experience. So, when communicating with a person for a sufficiently long time from the moment of birth, one can trace the gradual formation of a child as a person.

Secondly, in the work of V. Kataev "The Son of the Regiment" one can trace the transition from an individual to a personality in a fairly short time. In this case, this is a vivid example of the influence of the environment on the speed of the process of becoming a person.

Thirdly, the full legal capacity of a person in the Russian Federation comes from the age of 18. By this time, many have completed their secondary education, have sufficient social experience, and have gone through family and social education. The experience of society, legitimized by the rules of law, once again shows that the beginning of the personality comes much later than the beginning of the individual.

Thus, B.G. Ananiev was right when he said that biological birth is far from social birth in terms of time, and the speed of transition to the level of "Personality" depends on a large number of factors.