Conjugate verbs in many languages
There are many verbs in every language, and how to conjugate them can vary from language to language. That's why it's important to have a user-friendly tool that shows you full verb conjugations, making learning faster and more efficient. Whether it's a regular or irregular verb, bab.la conjugators have an extensive database of verbs in all grammatical forms. You will quickly find the one you need. On the main page you can see an overview of all the available languages and once you select the one you need, you can start learning how to conjugate verbs. What's more, you can even view a list of the most commonly used verbs in the language you're learning.All verb forms at a glance
If you're looking for a specific verb that doesn't appear on this list, you can search for it in another way. Simply select the given language and enter the verb you are looking for in the search bar. At the top of the page you will see the infinitive form and two other forms of the verb, different depending on the language, and then the full conjugation in all tenses and moods (indicative, conditional and imperative). Below you can find the infinitive, participle, gerund or other forms of the verb in question and the translation into your source language.Verb conjugation without problems
You may have heard that verb conjugation is one of the most difficult parts of grammar in many languages, but you need to learn it if you want to speak fluently in a given language. However, verb conjugation is easier than you think. Regular verbs are quite simple in most languages, so you'll learn them very quickly. On the other hand, irregular verbs are a different story, but that doesn't mean that learning to conjugate them is an impossible mission. Like everything in life, it is a matter of practice and time. As long as you really want to learn a foreign language and you have useful tools, this goal is very close!I would like to note that on the site most of the words and cards for study are presented in English, and this is not surprising, because English is studied more than French, Spanish and other languages. But today I’m ready to present a new selection of verbs, albeit in German.
It is not surprising that there are irregular verbs in English and German. In English it is , in German it is Starke Verben. As you may have guessed, you just need to learn them so as not to have problems in the future. We can already find irregular English verbs on the site, and you will find German strong verbs in this post.
How many German strong verbs are there? It is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, since every language has obsolete forms, and vice versa. Why should we study ancient words and expressions, because language also tends to be updated over time. I have prepared a list of the most commonly used strong verbs in the German language. You can study and not be afraid that such a verb is no longer used in modern German.
Let's take a look at our table called “List of strong conjugation verbs”(see below). We have 4 columns:
— Infinitive
— Präsens
— Imperfect
— Partizip II
We all know what they mean (if not, then move on to learning the basics). So, I decided not to include the form in the dictionary for Lingvo Tutor Präsens for the simple reason that we will have to type too many words either on a PDA or on a computer. And the shape Präsens is not considered highly problematic in German.
Don't be greedy in your comments, write what you think about the selection!
List of strong conjugation verbs
| Infinitive | Präsens | Imperfect | PartizipII |
| l. backen (oven) | bäckt | buk | gebacken |
| 2. befehlen (to order) | befiehlt | befahl | befohlen |
| 3. beginnen (to begin) | beginnt | begann | begonnen |
| 4. beißen (bite) | beißt | biß | gebissen |
| 5. bergen (to hide) | Birgt | barg | geborgen |
| 6. bersten (to burst) | birst | burst | geborsten |
| 7. bewegen (to induce, to encourage) | bewegt | bewog | bewogen |
| 8. biegen (bend) | biegt | bog | gebogen |
| 9. bieten (to offer) | bietet | bot | geboten |
| 10. binden (to tie) | bindet | band | gebunden |
| 11. bitten (to ask) | bittet | bat | gebeten |
| 12. blasen (to blow) | blast | blies | geblasen |
| 13. bleiben (to stay) | bleibt | blieb | geblieben |
| 14. braten (fry) | brother | briet | gebraten |
| 15. brechen (to break) | bricht | brach | gebrochen |
| 16. brennen (to burn) | brennt | brannte | gebrannt |
| 17. bringen (bring) | bringt | brachte | gebracht |
| 18. denken (to think) | denkt | dachte | gedacht |
| 19. dingen (to hire) | dingt | dingte | gedungen |
| 20. dreschen (thresh) | drisht | drosch(drasch) | gedroschen |
| 21. dringen (to penetrate) | dringt | drang | gedrungen |
| 22. dünken (to imagine) | dunkt(deucht) | dünkte(deuchte) | gedünkt(gedeucht) |
| 23. dürfen (to be able) | darf | durfte | gedurft |
| 24. empfehlen (to recommend) | empfiehlt | empfahl | empfohlen |
| 25. erbleichen (turn pale) | erbleicht | erbleichte(erblich) | erbleicht(erblichen) |
| 26. erkiesen (to elect) | erkiest | erkor | erkoren |
| 27. essen (is) | ißt | aß | Gegessen |
| 28. fahren (to go) | fährt | fuhr | gefahren |
| 29. fallen (fall) | falls | field | gefallen |
| 30. fangen (to catch) | fängt | fing | gefangen |
| 31. fechten (fencing) | ficht | focht | gefochten |
| 32. finden (to find) | findet | fand | gefunden |
| 33. flechten (to weave) | flicht | flocht | geflochten |
| 34. fliegen (fly) | fliegt | flog | geflogen |
| 35. fliehen (to run) | flieht | floh | geflohen |
| 36.fließen (to flow) | fließt | floß | geflossen |
| 37. fressen (eat) | frißt | fraß | gefressen |
| 38. frieren (to freeze) | friert | fror | gefroren |
| 39. gären (to wander) | gärt | gor | gegoren |
| 40. gebären (give birth) | gebiert | gebar | geboren |
| 41. geben (to give) | gibt | gab | gegeben |
| 42. gedeihen (to succeed, to grow) | gedeiht | gedieh | gediehen |
| 43. gehen (to go) | geht | ging | gegangen |
| 44. gelingen (to succeed) | gelingt | gelang | gelungen |
| 45. gelten (to cost) | gilt | galt | gegolten |
| 46. genesen (get well) | genest | genas | genesen |
| 47. genießen (enjoy, use) | genius | genoß | genossen |
| 48. geschehen (to happen) | geschieht | Geschah | geschehen |
| 49. gewinnen (to extract) | gewinnt | Gewann | Gewonnen |
| 50. gießen (to pour) | gießt | goß | Gegossen |
| 51. gleichen (to walk) | gleicht | glich | geglichen |
| 52. gleiten (to slide) | gleitet | glitt | gegliten |
| 53. glimmen (smolder) | glimmt | glomm | geglommen |
| 54. graben (dig) | gräbt | grub | gegraben |
| 55. greifen (grab) | grace | griff | gegriffen |
| 56. haben (to have) | hat | hatte | gehabt |
| 57. halten (to hold) | hält | hielt | gehalten |
| 58. hängen (hang) | hangt | hing | gehangen |
| 59. hauen (to chop) | haut | hieb | gehauen |
| 60. heben (to raise) | hebt | hob | Gehoben |
| 61. heißen (to be called) | heißt | hieß | geheißen |
| 62. helfen (to help) | hilft | half | geholfen |
| 63.kennen (to know) | kennt | kannte | gekannt |
| 64. klingen (to ring) | klingt | klang | geklungen |
| 65. kneifen (pinch) | kneift | kniff | gekniffen |
| 66. kommen (to come) | kommt | kam | gekommen |
| 67. können (to be able) | kann | konnte | gekonnt |
| 68. kriechen (crawl) | kriecht | kroch | gekrochen |
| 69. laden (to load: to invite) | ladet | lud | geladen |
| 70. lassen (command, force, leave) | läßt | ließ | gelassen |
| 71.laufen (run) | läuft | lief | gelaufen |
| 72. leiden (endure) | leidet | litt | gelitten |
| 73. leihen (to borrow) | leiht | lieh | geliehen |
| 74.lesen (read) | liest | las | gelesen |
| 75. liegen (to lie down) | liegt | lag | gelegen |
| 76. löschen (to go out) | löscht | losch | geloschen |
| 77. lügen (to lie) | lügt | log | gelogen |
| 78. meiden (avoid) | meidet | mied | gemieden |
| 79.melken (milk) | milkt | melkte(milk) | gemelkt(gemolken) |
| 80. messen (to measure) | mißt | maß | gemessen |
| 81. mißlingen (to fail) | mißlingt | mißlang | mißlungen |
| 82. mögen (to want) | mag | mochte | gemocht |
| 83. müssen (must) | muß | mußte | gemußt |
| 84.nehmen (to take) | nimmt | nahm | genommen |
| 85. nennen (to call) | nennt | nannte | genannt |
| 86. pfeifen (whistle) | pfeift | pfiff | gepfiffen |
| 87. pflegen (to look after; to have a habit of) | pflegt | pflegte(pflog) | gepflegt(gepflogen) |
| 88. preisen (to praise) | preist | prices | gepriesen |
| 89. quellen (to beat with a spring) | quilt | quoll | gequollen |
| 90. raten (to advise) | rät | riet | geraten |
| 91. reiben (to rub) | reibt | rieb | gerieben |
| 92. reißen (tear) | reißt | riß | Gerissen |
| 93. reiten (to ride) | reitet | ritt | geritten |
| 94. rennen (to run) | renn | rannte | gerannt |
| 95. rieсhen. (sniff) | riecht | roch | gerochen |
| 96. ringen (squeeze) | ringt | rank | gerungen |
| 97. rinnen (to flow) | rinnt | rann | geronnen |
| 98. rufen (shout, call) | ruft | rief | gerufen |
| 99. saufen (drink, get drunk) | säuft | soff | gesoffen |
| 100. saugen (to suck) | saugt | sog | gesogen |
| 101. schaffen (to create) | schafft | schuf | Geschaffen |
| 102. schallen (to sound) | schallt | schallte(scholl) | geschallt(geschollen) |
| 103. scheiden (to separate) | scheidet | schied | geschieden |
| 104. scheinen (to shine) | scheint | schien | geschienen |
| 105. schelten (scold) | schilt | schalt | gescholten |
| 106. scheren (cut) | schiert | schor | geschoren |
| 107. schieben (to move) | schiebt | schob | geschoben |
| 108. schießen (shoot) | schießt | schoß | Geschossen |
| 109. schinden (to skin) | schindet | schund | geschunden |
| 110. schlafen (sleep) | schläft | schlief | Geschlafen |
| 111.schlagen (to beat) | schlägt | schlug | geschlagen |
| 112. schleichen (to sneak up) | schleicht | schlich | geschlichen |
| 113. schleifen (sharpen) | schleift | schliff | geschliffen |
| 114. schließen (lock) | schließt | schloß | geschlossen |
| 115. schlingen (to entwine) | schlingt | schlang | geschlungen |
| 116. schmeißen (throw) | schmeißt | schmiß | geschmissen |
| 117. schmelzen (melt, melt) | schmilzt | schmolz | Geschmolzen |
| 118. schnauben (sniffle) | schnaubt | schnaubte(schnob) | geschnaubt(geschnoben) |
| 119. schneiden (to cut) | schneidet | schnitt | geschnitten |
| 120. schrecken (to be scared) | schrickt | schrak | geschrocken |
| 121. schreiben (to write) | schreibt | schrieb | geschrieben |
| 122. schielen (shout) | schreit | schrie | Geschrien |
| 123. schreiten (to walk) | schreitet | schritt | geschritten |
| 124. schweigen (be silent) | schweigt | schwieg | geschwiegen |
| 125. schwellen (to swell) | schwillt | schwoll | Geschwollen |
| 126. schwimmen (swim) | schwimmt | schwamm | geschwommen |
| 127. schwinden (disappear) | schwindet | schwand | geschwunden |
| 128. schwingen (to wave) | schwingt | schwang | geschwungen |
| 129. schwören (to swear) | schwört | schwur(schwor) | geschworen |
| 130. sehen (to see) | sieht | sah | gesehen |
| 131. sein (to be) | ist | war | gewesen |
| 132. senden (to send) | sendet | sandte | gesandt |
| 133. sieden (to boil, boil) | siedet | sott(siedete) | gesotten(gesiedet) |
| 134. singen (sing) | singt | sang | Gesungen |
| 135. sinken (to descend) | sinkt | sank | Gesunken |
| 136. sinnen (think) | sinnt | sann | Gesonnen |
| 137. sitzen (sit) | sitt | saß | gesessen |
| 138.sollen (must) | soll | sollte | Gesollt |
| 139. speien (spit) | speit | spie | Gespien |
| 140. spinnen (to spin) | spinnt | spann | Gesponnen |
| 141. sprechen (to speak) | spricht | sprach | gesprochen |
| 142. sprießen (to rise) | sprießt | sproß | gesprossen |
| 143. springen (jump) | spring | sprang | gesprungen |
| 144. stechen (stab) | sticht | stach | gestochen |
| 145. stecken (stick around) | stackt | stak(steckte) | gesteckt |
| 146. stehen (stand) | steht | stand | gestanden |
| 147. stehlen (to steal) | stiehlt | stahl | gestohlen |
| 148. steigen (to rise) | steigt | stieg | gestiegen |
| 149. sterben (to die) | stirbt | starb | gestorben |
| 150. stieben (disperse) | stiebt | stob | gestoben |
| 151. stinken (to stink) | stinkt | stank | gestunken |
| 152. stoßen (push) | stößt | stieß | gestoßen |
| 153. streichen (stroke) | streicht | strich | gestrichen |
| 154. streiten (to argue) | streetet | stritt | gestritten |
| 155.tragen (to wear) | trägt | trug | getragen |
| 156. treffen (to meet) | trifft | traf | getroffen |
| 157. treiben (drive) | treibt | trieb | getrieben |
| 158. treten (to step) | tritt | trat | getreten |
| 159. triefen (drip) | trieft | trifte(troff) | getrieft(getroffen) |
| 160. trinken (to drink) | trinkt | trunk | getrunken |
| 161. trügen (to deceive) | trügt | trog | getrogen |
| 162.tun (to do) | tut | tat | getan |
| 163. verderben (spoil) | verdirbt | verdarb | verdorben |
| 164. verdrießen (to annoy) | verdrießt | verdroß | verdrossen |
| 165. vergessen (to forget) | vergißt | vergaß | vergessen |
| 166. verlieren (to lose) | verliert | verlor | verloren |
| 167. wachsen (grow) | wächst | wuchs | gewachsen |
| 168. wägen (to weigh) | wägt | wog | gewogen |
| 169. waschen (to wash) | wäscht | wusch | gewaschen |
| 170. weben (to weave) | webt | webte(wob) | gewebt(gewoben) |
| 171. weichen (to yield) | weicht | wich | gewichen |
| 172. weisen (to indicate) | weist | wies | gewiesen |
| 173. wenden (turn) | wendet | wandte | gewandt |
| 174. werben (recruit) | wirbt | warb | geworben |
| 175. werden (to become) | wild | wurde | geworden |
| 176. werfen (throw) | wirft | warf | geworfen |
| 177. wiegen (to weigh) | wiegt | wog | gewogen |
| 178. winden (to twist) | windet | wand | gewunden |
| 179. wissen (to know) | weiß | wußte | gewußt |
| 180. wollen (to want) | will | Wollte | gewollt |
| 181. zeihen (to incriminate) | zeiht | zieh | geziehen |
| 182. ziehen (drag) | zieht | zog | gezogen |
| 183. zwingen (to force) | zwingt | zwang | gezwungen |
According to the method of formation of the main forms, all verbs in the German language are divided into weak, strong and irregular. The formation of Imperfekt (Präteritum) and Partizip II of all weak verbs follows one general rule and does not cause difficulties. The basic forms of irregular verbs can be memorized in just a few days, since the number of such verbs is limited.
Strong verbs in German so numerous that the need to memorize them can cause panic and doubt in one’s own abilities. In fact, everything is not so scary.
So, what is the difference between strong and weak verbs in German?
Changing the root vowel during conjugation, for example:
Infinitive |
Präsens(3l.un.h.) |
Imperfect |
Partizip II |
lesen(read) |
liest |
las |
gelesen |
commen(come) |
kommt |
kam |
gekommen |
nehmen (to take) |
nimmt |
nahm |
genommen |
Ending -en in Partizip II (the ending of weak verbs in Partizip II is -t), for example:
Appearance umlaut or changing the root vowel e, ä or ö on i in 2l. units and 3l. units Präsens (not always), for example:
raten - er r ä
t (he advises)
stoßen - er st ö
ßt (he pushes)
bergen - er b i rgt (he saves)
essen-er i sst (he eats)
For better memorization,list of strong verbs in Germancan be divided into several subgroups (according to the nature of changes in the root vowel in basic forms):
|
ie - o - o |
fly - fliegen - flog - geflogen |
|
i - a - o |
win - gewinnen - gewann - gewonnen |
|
i - a - u |
find - finden - fand - gefunden |
|
e-a-o |
take - nehmen - nahm - genommen |
|
e-a-e |
|
|
i - a - e |
ask - bitten - bat - gebeten |
|
a-u-a |
wear - tragen - trug - getragen |
|
e/ ä/ ö/ü - o - o |
lift - heben - hob - gehoben |
|
a-ie-a |
fry - braten - briet - gebraten |
Table of strong verbs in German. Top - 30
A summary table of strong and irregular verbs can almost always be found in the dictionary. Remembering everything is quite difficult, it takes a lot of time. We suggest you start with the thirty most commonly used strong verbs in the German language.
Strong verbs (die starken Verben) are the most complex verbs in the German language. Memorizing 5 new words every day will make the learning process easier and more enjoyable.
Strong verbs form past tense forms by changing the root vowel - by ablaut. But different strong verbs have different root vowels, for example:
| infinitive | preterite | participle II |
|---|---|---|
| schreiben - write | schrieb | geschrieben |
| finden - find | fand | gefunden |
| nehmen - take | nahm | genommen |
| sehen- see | sah | gesehen |
| laufen - run | lief | gelaufen |
It turns out that the main forms of strong verbs need to be learned by heart. Having come to this conclusion, everyone somehow becomes thoughtful. It, of course, needs to be memorized, and of course, by heart. Don’t walk around Germany with your grammar always open or with a plastic circle-cheat sheet. “Moment mal...” - I supposedly needed Partizip II from such and such a verb...
And then everything goes differently. Some quite manage to learn everything, others limit themselves to the most common verbs, others periodically make some attempts (with an interval from several days to several years) and as a result, each time they put down the textbook with a sigh, because “it’s simply impossible to learn all this.” And this is quite natural. You might think that those who learned everything right away have the strongest will or the best memory. But I have met people with a developed will and excellent memory who once began to study German and still do not properly know strong verbs. It's not a matter of will or memory, but motivation. If you really need the language, you'll quickly learn everything you need to know, including the notorious strong verbs. If you need the language to some extent, you will learn the verbs to some extent. If you have no reason at all to invest any effort into it, you will only learn what naturally lingers in your memory.
In dictionaries and grammars, the basic forms of strong verbs are usually given in alphabetical order. It’s convenient for viewing, but for studying, it couldn’t be worse. Imagine that you are memorizing all the words from the dictionary in alphabetical order: a month - with the letter “A”, another - with the letter “B”, a third - with the letter “C” and so on. Just as in Conan Doyle’s story “The Red-Headed League,” the scammers gave a man the task of rewriting the Encyclopedia Britannica. So it is with a list of verbs in alphabetical order: natural resistance of the mind.
How then to approach this list? Very simple. Strong verbs are historically distributed not alphabetically, but according to ablaut rows, that is, according to certain patterns of change in the root vowel. For example:
Knowing this, you can easily form the basic forms of the verb bl ei ben - stay:bl ei ben-bl ie b-gebl ie ben.
And the strong verb heißen - to be called, to be called- here too? Unfortunately no! It historically belongs to a different series and forms the basic forms as follows:
For these verbs, the model is as follows: the vowel in the infinitive coincides with the vowel in participle II, and in the preterite it appears ie .
Therefore, it is most convenient to sort strong verbs into rows, as, in fact, they exist in the language. Seeing the diagram of each row, you can understand the principle of formation of the basic forms. And how many verbs from each series you will need - again depends on motivation. Within each row, the verbs are arranged alphabetically, which will make it easier for you to find the right cases.
For good command of the language, all verbs are memorized. When studying rows of strong verbs properly, you need to spend some time (at least several days) to master each row, even with excellent memory. When you have mastered all the rows, test yourself - cover all forms except the infinitive with a sheet of paper and go through the rows in random order.
If you clearly do not need some verbs, then mark the most necessary positions in the list and learn only them. By the way, some very rarely occurring verbs are omitted from this list. On the other hand, don't be too quick to thin the list. For example, according to textbooks, “throw away” (about garbage, etc.) in German is wégwerfen (a strong verb with a separable prefix). Meanwhile, Germans very often say wégschmeißen - throw away(also a strong verb and also with a separable prefix). A good reason to learn both verbs.
In any case, you should teach it like this: “singen - sang - gesungen, springen - sprang - gesprungen”, etc., each time building a chain of three basic forms. Memorizing a list vertically is pointless!
Let us present the ablaut series of strong verbs. Some series are divided into subtypes a) or b) depending on the length or shortness of the vowel and other specific conditions. A short vowel is indicated by a bow (for example, ĭ), a long vowel is indicated by a colon (for example, i:). Verbs with separable and inseparable prefixes formed from those given below are not specifically considered. For example, abbiegen - go around forms basic forms like biegen - bend, verbieten - forbid- like bieten - suggest etc.
| infinitive | preterite | participle II | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ROW | |||
| a)ei | ĭ | ĭ | |
| beisen | bite | biss | gebissen |
| bleichen | bleach | blich | geblichen |
| gleichen | resemble, be like | glich | geglichen |
| gleiten | slide | glitt | gegliten |
| greifen | grab grab | griff | gegriffen |
| leiden | suffer | litt | gelitten |
| pfeifen | whistle | pfiff | gepfiffen |
| reißen | tear, tear | riss | Gerissen |
| reiten | ride, ride | ritt | geritten |
| schleichen | steal | schlich | geschlichen |
| schleifen | polish | schliff | geschliffen |
| schmeißen | throw, throw | schmiss | geschmissen |
| schneiden | cut | schnitt | geschnitten |
| schreiten | step | schritt | geschritten |
| splendid | prick, split | spliss | gesplissen |
| streichen | stroke, touch; paint | strich | gestrichen |
| streiten | argue | stritt | gestritten |
| weichen | give in; retreat | wich | gewichen |
| b)ei | i: (=ie) | i: (=ie) | |
| bleiben | stay | blieb | geblieben |
| gedeihen | prosper | gedieh | gediehen |
| leihen | borrow, borrow for a while | lieh | geliehen |
| meiden | avoid | mied | gemieden |
| preisen | praise | prices | gepriesen |
| reiben | rub | rieb | gerieben |
| scheiden | separate(Hence sich scheiden - divorce; participle II geschieden means divorced. Just like the verb scheiden, the verb entscheiden (sich) forms the main forms - decide).) | schied | geschieden |
| scheinen | shine seem | schien | geschienen |
| schreiben | write | schrieb | geschrieben |
| schreien | scream | schrie | Geschrien |
| schweigen | keep silent | schwieg | geschwiegen |
| speien | spit(Verb speien - spit used in classical literature. In everyday life they usually say spucken (this is a weak verb).) | spie | Gespien |
| steigen | get up | stieg | gestiegen |
| steigen | drive; drive do something | trieb | getrieben |
| verzeihen | forgive | verzieh | verziehen |
| weisen | indicate | wies | gewiesen |
| 2 ROW | |||
| a)ie | o: | o: | |
| bigen | bend | bog | gebogen |
| biten | suggest | bot | geboten |
| erkiesen | elect(Verb of high style. In modern language, the meaning of “to choose, to choose” is conveyed by the weak verb wählen.) | erkor | erkoren |
| fliegen | fly | flog | geflogen |
| fliehen | flee | floh | geflohen |
| frieren | freeze | fror | gefroren |
| schieben | move, move away | schob | geschoben |
| verlieren | lose | verlor | verloren |
| wiegen | weigh; to weight | wog | gewogen |
| b)ie | ŏ | ŏ | |
| fließen | flow | floss | geflossen |
| genius | enjoy | genoss | genossen |
| gießen | pour | goss | Gegossen |
| kriechen | crawl | kroch | gekrochen |
| riechen (nach etw.) | smell something | roch | gerochen |
| schießen | fire | schoss | Geschossen |
| schließen | lock; conclude | schloss | geschlossen |
| siden | boil; boil | sott | Gesotten |
| sprießen | sprout | spross | gesprossen |
| triefen | hit (target) | troff | getroffen |
| verdrießen | annoy | verdross | verdrossen |
| c) e/a/au/o/ä/ö | ŏ/o: | ŏ/o: (depending on verb) | |
| bewegen | move | bewog | bewogen |
| fechten | fencing, fighting | focht | gefochten |
| flechten | weave | flocht | geflochten |
| gäen | wander (about beer, etc.) | gor | gegoren |
| heben | lift up | hob | Gehoben |
| löschen | extinguish, extinguish | losch | geloschen |
| lügen | lie, lie | log | gelogen |
| melken | milk | milk | gemolken |
| pflegen | to look after, groom; be in the habit of | pflog | gepflogen |
| quellen | to flow, to flow | quoll | gequollen |
| saufen | get drunk | soff | gesoffen |
| saugen | suck | sog | gesogen |
| schallen | sound, resound | scholl | geschollen |
| scheren | cut | schor | geschoren |
| schmelzen | melt, melt | schmolz | Geschmolzen |
| schnauben | sniffle, snort | schnob | geschnoben |
| schwellen | to swell | schwoll | Geschwollen |
| trügen | deceive | trog | getrogen |
| wägen | weigh | wog | gewogen |
| 3 ROW | |||
| a) ě (+ r/l + consonant) | ă | ŏ | |
| bergen | hide(For verbs of this and subsequent rows (and some verbs of 2 rows) in the 2nd and 3rd liters of the present tense e > i(du birgst, er birgt; du giltst, er gilt, etc.).) | barg | geborgen |
| gelten | to be valid, to be considered, to be reputed | galt | gegolten |
| schelten | scold | schalt | gescholten |
| stechen | sting, prick | stach | gestochen |
| sterben | die | starb | gestorben |
| verderben | spoil | verdarb | verdorben |
| werben | recruit, attract | warb | geworben |
| werfen | throw | warf | geworfen |
| b) ĕ | a: | ŏ | |
| brechen | break, break | brach | gebrochen |
| erschrecken | frighten | erschrak | erschrocken |
| sprechen | talk, talk | sprach | gesprochen |
| treffen | meet | traf | getroffen |
| c) e: | a: | o: | |
| befehlen | order | befahl | befohlen |
| empfehlen | recommend | empfahl | empfohlen |
| gebären | give birth, give birth | gebar | geboren |
| commen | come | kam | gekommen |
| nehmen | take | nahm | genommen |
| stehlen | steal | stahl | gestohlen |
| 4 ROW | |||
| a) ĭ (+ nn/mm) | ă | ŏ | |
| beginnen | start off) | begann | begonnen |
| gewinnen | win, win | Gewann | Gewonnen |
| rinnen | run, flow, flow | rann | geronnen |
| schwimmen | swim | schwamm | geschwommen |
| spinnen | spin | spann | Gesponnen |
| b) ĭ (+ n + consonant) | ă | ŭ | |
| binden | bind | band | gebunden |
| dringen | push insist | drang | gedrungen |
| finden | find | fand | gefunden |
| Gelingen | succeed | gelang | gelungen |
| klingen | sound | klang | geklungen |
| ringen | fight | rank | gerungen |
| singen | sing | sang | Gesungen |
| sinken | go down fall | sank | Gesunken |
| springen | jump | sprang | gesprungen |
| stinken | stink | stank | gestunken |
| trinken | drink | trunk | getrunken |
| verschwinden | disappear | verschwand | verschwunden |
| zwingen | coerce, force | zwang | gezwungen |
| 5 ROW | |||
| a) e: | a: | e: | |
| geben | give | gab | gegeben |
| genesen | recover | genas | genesen |
| geschehen | happen, occur | Geschah | geschehen |
| lesen | read | las | gelesen |
| sehen | look, see | sah | gesehen |
| b) ĕ | a: | ĕ | |
| essen | There is | aß | Gegessen |
| fressen | eat (about animals); eat | fraß | gefressen |
| messen | measure | maß | gemessen |
| vergessen | forget | vergaß | vergessen |
| trten | step, step on | trat | getreten |
| c) ĭ | a: | e:/ĕ | |
| bitten | ask | bat | gebeten |
| liegen | lie | lag | gelegen |
| sitzen | sit | saß | gesessen |
| 6 ROW | |||
| ă/a: | a: | ă/a: | |
| backen | bake(For verbs of the 6th and 7th rows in the 2nd and 3rd liters of the present tense a > ä(du bäckst, er bäckt, etc.).) | buk | gebacken |
| fahren | drive | fuhr | gefahren |
| graben | dig | grub | gegraben |
| laden | load, load | lud | geladen |
| schaffen | create(It is necessary to distinguish between the strong verb schaffen (schuf - geschaffen) - create, create and the weak verb schaffen (schaffte - geschafft) - succeed, succeed.) | schuf | Geschaffen |
| schlagen | beat | schlug | geschlagen |
| tragen | carry, wear | trug | getragen |
| wachsen ["vaksən] | grow | wuchs | gewachsen |
| waschen | wash, wash | wusch | gewaschen |
| 7 ROW | |||
| a/au/o/u/e | (=ie)/ĭ | a/au/o/u/e (= infinitive vowel) | |
| blasen | blow | blies | geblasen |
| braten | fry | briet | gebraten |
| fangen | catch | fing | gefangen |
| fallen | fall | field | gefallen |
| hängen | hang(One should distinguish between the strong verb hängen (hing - gehangen) - hang and the weak verb hängen (hängte - gehängt) - hang) | hing | gehangen |
| halten | hold | hielt | gehalten |
| hauen | chop | hieb | gehauen |
| heißen | to be called, to be called | hieß | geheißen |
| lassen | leave, allow | ließ | gelassen |
| laufen | run | lief | gelaufen |
| raten | advise | riet | geraten |
| rufen | shout, call | rief | gerufen |
| schlafen | sleep | schlief | Geschlafen |
| stoßen | push | stieß | gestoßen |
The spelling of the preterite and participle II forms has developed historically. Forms with short vowel + ss used to be written with ß (you can still find such spellings in books published before 1998). The letter ß is preserved where it is preceded by a long vowel or diphthong. Sometimes the preterite and participle II forms differ from the infinitive: for example, schneiden ( cut) - schnitt - geschnitten. In some cases there are serious discrepancies: for example, hauen ( chop) - hieb - gehauen. However, those who have studied English accept English spelling and forms of English irregular verbs such as write - wrote - written, catch - caught - caught, etc. as a given. We must approach the German series of strong verbs in exactly the same way!
When studying the German (German) language, great attention has to be paid to verbs (verbs), since the verb. - this is the center of any mute. offers. He is often compared to a conductor in an orchestra, since the presence or absence of additional members and their place in the sentence depends on him.
Those who have recently begun to learn German may find it complex and confusing, and its verb system the invention of a rare misanthrope. For example, three forms (f-we) of German verbs. Many people wonder why there is one verb instead. (infinitive, which is given in the dictionary) you have to learn 3 forms at once. We hope our article will help you understand this.
So, everyone is mute. verb has three functions: infinitive, imperfect (Präteritum) and participle (Partizip II). Strictly speaking, every verb. has many more forms than these three, but these are the ones we will talk about. It will be a little easier for those who are familiar with English grammar, since these forms are similar in the two languages.
With the infinitive, everything is more or less clear, this f-ma is in the dictionary, from it all f-mas of the present and future tense are formed: machen, spielen, studieren, verkaufen, einkaufen.
Imperfect (Präteritum) is the past tense commonly used in written German. From the base of the imperfect (the second f-me), the personal f-me of verbs in this past tense are formed (using personal verb endings).
It is also formed from the infinitive using a special suffix -t- and endings. If a word has a separable prefix (adj.), then it is pronounced separately.
However, this is only true for weak verbs. As for strong verbs. and verb. mixed conjugation (irregular), then for them the imperfective form must be looked at in a special table (see below).
Mach-en – mach-t-e, spiel-en – spiel-t-e, studieren – studier-t-e, verkauf-en – verkauf-t-e, ein-kauf-en – kauf-t-e ein,
Accordingly, the 2nd form of these verbs: machte, spielte, studierte, verkaufte, kaufte ein.
Past participles (Partizip II) are used as independent parts of speech (passive participles), as well as to form the passive voice, past tenses Perfekt and Plusquamperfekt and future tense Futurum II.
These participles are also formed from the infinitive, using the adverb. ge- and the suffix –t.
Mach-en – ge-mach-t, spiel-en – ge-spiel-t.
NOTES!!!
- These phrases do not have verb endings.
- If in verb. there is a suffix -ier-, then adj. ge- is not added. Stud-ier -en – studier-t, buchstab-ier-en – buchstab-ier-t.
- If verb. begin with inseparable prefix (be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp-,miss and some others), then adj. ge- is not added. Ver kauf-en – verkauf-t, be suchen – be such-t.
- If verb. begins with a separable prefix, then adj. ge- is placed between adj. and root. Ein -kauf-en – ein-ge -kauf-t, auf -räum-en – auf-ge -räum-t.
Accordingly, the third f-ma verb: gemacht, gespielt, studiert, verkauft, eingekauft.
That's all you need to know to form three f-we. verbs. Of course, a little more practice wouldn't hurt, but you already have the theory.
As for strong and irregular (irregular) verbs, it is easier to learn them in a table. You may find a table where there are only 3 forms, or a table where there are 4. Don't be alarmed, this is not some new confusing form. In fact, in such tables there is a separate column for the 3rd line. unit (i.e. f-ma for he/she/it). Just in the roots of some German verbs. alternation occurs, so it is easier for beginners to learn ready-made functions.
Because two verbs are used as auxiliaries in the past tense Perfect. haben and sein (for the verb movement, change of state and verb bleiben), then we recommend teaching the third form together with the auxiliary verb. All this is reflected in our table.
