(b. 03/17/1953)

Deputy Chairman of the Committee on External Relations of the Mayor's Office

St. Petersburg (chairman V.V. Putin); Chairman of the Central

Election Commission of the Russian Federation from March 27, 2007 in the second presidential term of V.

V. Putin.

Born in Leningrad. Grandfather Vladimir Brezhnev was the boss

Department of Artillery of the Academy named after. M. V. Frunze, father - famous scientist, military man

hydrographer, one of the creators of space navigation and communication systems for

Navy; mother is a publisher. Received education at

Physics Faculty of Leningrad State University (1977) and at

two-year Faculty of Journalism of Leningrad State University. In 1977–1991 worked as a presenter

engineer, group leader at the Integral Aerospace Equipment Design Bureau. IN

1991–1993 Member of the Leningrad City Council. Since 1991 in the Committee on External

relations of the administration of St. Petersburg, since 1995 deputy

Chairman of the Committee - Head of the International Cooperation Department.

After the August crisis of 1991, the House of Political Education in St. Petersburg,

belonging to the CPSU, was transferred to the city. One half of the building housed

International business center, in the other - communist organizations. By

According to V. E. Churov, there was a flagpole on the roof of the house. The communists decided

use it for its intended purpose and hung a red flag. "And every time,

leaving Smolny, the city leadership saw him. The flag was clearly visible

from office windows and Sobchak, and Putin. This was terribly annoying, and Putin

I decided to take down the flag. Gives a command - the red flag is removed. But the next day he

reappears. Putin gives the command again - the flag is removed again. And so the struggle

went with varying degrees of success. The communists began to run out of flags, and they

hung something completely indecent, one of the last options was

It’s not even red anymore, but brownish-brown. This is Putin's definitively

it's baked. He moved the crane, and under his personal supervision the flagpole was cut off

autogenous" ( First person. Conversations with Vladimir Putin. M., 2000.

P. 86). According to V. E. Churov, Committee for External Relations of the St. Petersburg City Hall,

headed by V.V. Putin, began with the opening in the city, for the first time in the country,

representative offices of Western banks. With the most active participation of V.V. Putin

branches of BMP Dresdner Bank and Bank National de Paris opened, and

investment zones were also created, a faculty of international

relationships. In June 2003, he was nominated for the position of member of the Federation Council

from the Leningrad region (received 7 out of 50 votes). Since December 2003

Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fourth convocation, elected by federal

LDPR list. He was Deputy Chairman of the Russian State Duma Committee on CIS Affairs and

connections with compatriots. He was a member of the LDPR faction, but not a member of this party

was. As an observer, he attended elections in Belarus, Ukraine (in

during the “orange” revolution of 2004), Kyrgyzstan (during the “revolution

Tulips" 2005). Since March 27, 2007, Chairman of the Central

Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Elected on an uncontested basis. Changed this one

positions A. A. Veshnyakova. He stated that he is not a member of any parties and does not

is an anti-communist. In biographies he emphasizes “Orthodox

From the editor: We will not be mistaken if we say that the name of the Chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia Vladimir Churov is familiar to almost the entire adult population of our country. But not everyone knows that he also writes stories, including for children. And in 2005, Churov’s book “The Secret of the Four Generals” was published, the annotation of which says that it is dedicated to “the intersection of the destinies of officers and generals of the Russian army and their influence on European politics.” Indeed, in the book you can meet many different people - from the hero of Manchuria, and later the President of Finland, Gustav Mannerheim, to General Brezhnev, who fought in 1944 on the Karelian Front - Vladimir Iosifovich Brezhnev, who is not even a relative of Leonid Ilyich. And from the book you can find out what all this has to do with our region. We offer excerpts from the book by V.E. Churova.

FATHER'S STORY

My father, Evgeny Petrovich Churov, grew up in the Urals. He was born on March 1, 1918 in the village of Verkhne-Troitsk, Belebeevsky canton, Ufa province. That's what this place was called in those days. It is located in the west of Bashkiria approximately in the middle between Tuymazy and Belebey on the banks of the Kidash River. Now the rural village of Verkhnetroitskoye belongs to the Tuymazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. An unpaved road passes through the village, which indicates some abandonment of this place.

A year later, little Zhenya was left without a father. Before the revolution, Pyotr Andreevich Churov served as a zemstvo veterinarian in the Bashkir village of Adnagulovo, neighboring Verkhne-Troitsky. In 1919, he died on the Eastern Front of the Civil War, while in the ranks of the Red Army under the command of Mikhail Frunze.

From April 13, 1919, in the Frunze army on the Eastern Front, my other grandfather, lieutenant of the old army Vladimir Iosifovich Brezhnev, commanded a heavy artillery division of 152-mm howitzers of the right bank group (then the 35th division). Two grandfathers fought side by side, unlike many Russian families, on the same side of the front.

Soon, Zhenya’s mother Maria Matveevna, a mathematics teacher, died. During times of famine, the relatives sent the boy to an orphanage.

You can criticize and even hate the Soviet regime for a lot of things. But for some reason, with her, children from orphanages, orphans, former tramps and street children became worthy people, for example, professors, doctors of science - like my father.

But that's later. And in June 1940 he graduated from the Naval School in Leningrad. On the sleeves of his jacket there were two stripes - medium and narrow - “lieutenant”. I wanted to serve in the Pacific Ocean, but my superiors sent a young hydrographer to Lake Ladoga.

The stripes were “from sea to sea” - from seam to seam, half the circumference of the sleeve.

My father was an excellent student all his life - at an agricultural technical school, a naval school, an academy, but on the marble plaques in the corridor of the Frunze School on the Lieutenant Schmidt embankment, among those who graduated from the school with honors, you will not find the name Churov. In the fall of 1939, the hydrographic department of the school (together with cadets and teachers) was transformed into the Higher Naval Hydrographic School named after G.K. Ordzhonikidze. Therefore, having entered the Frunze School in 1936, in 1940 my father graduated with honors from the Ordzhonikidze School. It ceased to exist almost immediately after the first graduation, in the fall of 1941, when cadets and teachers drowned during evacuation across Lake Ladoga.

On September 17, 1941, a tug with a barge full of people left Osinovets harbor in the direction of Novaya Ladoga. During a storm, the hull of the barge could not withstand the shock of the waves, and it sank. More than a thousand people died (!), among them 128 cadets and 8 officers of the hydrographic school. The school was restored in 1952, and finally disbanded in 1956.

Many years later, Professor Churov was an indispensable member of the Academic Council and the State Examination Commission at the Frunze School. But he refused to place his son (i.e., me) there “through connections.” On a general basis, they would not have accepted me because of my very strong myopia, inherited from my mother.

Father did not get to the marble plaque in the corridor due to objective circumstances. But in 1995, in the antechamber of the gallery of the Supreme Naval Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of Ushakov School named after M.V. Frunze (formerly the Naval Cadet Corps, now the St. Petersburg Naval Institute) a painting 6 meters long and 2 meters high “Worthy Sons of the Fatherland” by Igor Pshenichny appeared. In the huge picture, among 184 figures and figures, the head numbered 175 in the back rows, according to the description, belongs to Captain 1st Rank E.P. Churov. This is an obvious mistake by the compilers of the booklet accompanying the picture; in fact, the head numbered 184 most resembles the father.

A year later the war began. My father paved the ice Road of Life, landed reconnaissance from boats and submarines on the northern shore of Ladoga, on the islands of the Valaam archipelago occupied by the Finns, provided landing forces, was awarded three military orders and was seriously wounded in 1944.

FROM FAMILY CHRONICLES

The origin of the Churov surname, on the one hand, is simple and clear, on the other hand, it contains several mysteries, like all the stories in my story.

A special place in the beliefs of the Slavic tribes living in northern Europe around Lake Ilmen was occupied by ideas about deceased ancestors who protected the family. Figures of bearded people were carved out of wood (I have the best beard in the State Duma) - CHUROV, personifying the ancestors of the family. When they shouted “Forget me!” - asked the ancestors to defend and intercede.

Chura was also the name given to a slave in ancient times, and in later times to a servant-squire. The Eastern Slavs named their children Chur and Chura, probably in honor of Chur, the Slavic pagan deity who was the guardian of the hearth.

Now it’s clear why the idols donated by the Koreans for the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg and placed in Sosnovka Park - “jangseungs”, guards guarding villages, came to my heart. These cute guys, cut out of pine logs, and I, an Orthodox Christian, baptized by my great-grandmother in infancy in the Church of John the Baptist, on Predtechensky Lane on Presnya in Moscow, have the same pagan origin!

The modern surname Churov comes from Novgorod. In Onomasticon (a book about the origin of surnames and given names) by academician S.B. Veselovsky dates its appearance in Novgorod to the middle of the 16th century, when documents found a record of certain Isaac and Karp Churin (Churov), children of the Rudlevs. On the map of the Vologda region, which was part of the Novgorod lands, the villages of Churov and Churovskoye are still preserved.

Here's your first riddle. In international Novgorod, a peasant or townsman Rudel could be both a Slav (ore - blood, ore - red or ginger, as now among the Poles, also, by the way, Slavs), and a German.

Great-grandfather, Andrei Churov, was a forester in the Tambov province. He was, apparently, a wealthy man, since he managed to give both sons a higher education.

Andrei Churov named his sons in honor of two biblical apostles, and quite in the imperial spirit - Peter and Paul. Accordingly, he sent him to study in the capital, where the names of the city’s patron saints are especially respected and the first cathedral, the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

According to family legend, grandfather, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, began studying at St. Petersburg University, but for participating in student unrest he was exiled to the Urals, where he graduated from either Kazan University or the Kazan Veterinary Institute.

In the Russian Medical List, published by the Office of the Chief Medical Inspector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for 1914, on page 107, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, born in 1882, who received a certificate in 1910, is indicated as a zemstvo veterinarian in the village of Adnagulovo, Belebeevsky district, Ufa province.

I used to think that he ended up as a veterinarian in the Bashkir village of Adnagulovo, in general, by accident, as they say, “by assignment.” But recently on the Internet I came across an interesting site dedicated to the history of the Miyakinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It revealed information that the village of Churaevo (Churino, Churovo) belongs to the Ilikei-Minsk volost, and a certain son of the first settler of this village, Ishkildy Churov, participated in the admission, that is, in the settlement, of the Bashkirs of the Gaininsky volost to the village of Gainiyamak in 1763. Another Churov, also a patrimonial landowner of the same volost, is also mentioned in the land affairs papers. However, in the end, the village of Churovo became a haven for landless Bashkirs, who were accepted from Sterlitamak district under the treaty of 1743.

A votchinnik, by the way, according to Dahl, is the owner of a family real estate. So, perhaps, Pyotr Andreevich had some reasons to settle in Bashkiria.

Grandfather's brother, Pavel Andreevich, followed in the footsteps of his father, graduating from the Forestry Institute. An amateur photographer, he once sent his brother his card. Pavel Andreevich Churov is listed in the memorial book of the St. Petersburg province for 1914 - 1915 as a 2nd category land surveyor in the Administration of the Specific District, which was in charge of the imperial family’s own lands. He had the rank of provincial secretary (XII class) and lived in house 27 on 7th Rozhdestvenskaya Street. Zemsky veterinarian Petr Andreevich Churov

All my father’s relatives and friends perished in the Civil War. In the Tambov province, a terrible massacre took place, not even between the “reds” and the “whites,” but between the wealthy Tambov peasants and townspeople and the newcomers, who for some reason called themselves “revolutionaries.”

Dad's mother, Maria Matveevna Sorokina, was, as I said at the very beginning of the story, the daughter of a master glass blower from the Maltsov glass factories. She taught children mathematics in a rural school and died soon after the Civil War, in great longing for her husband, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, who died at the front.

Her sister, Nadezhda Matveevna, also taught at a rural school and married the teacher, Tatar Khabib Usmanovich Galeev. Both taught for more than half a century, became honored teachers of the republic, and were each awarded the Order of Lenin - a considerable award in Soviet times.

Nadezhda Matveevna gave birth to five children, which is why I now have a lot of relatives - Tatars living throughout the former Soviet Union. The names of our relatives are: Galeevs, Kutushevs, Sayfullins, Zailalovs.

THE ROAD OF LIFE

The shore of Lake Ladoga in Osinovets (on some maps only the dead-end station of the Ladoga Lake railway is indicated) next to the seventy-meter brick candle of the lighthouse is dotted with small, grass-covered hummocks. Osinovetsky lighthouse is a real sea lighthouse. Painted with wide red and white stripes, it stands on a hill among the pine trees.

The largest lake in Europe was called “our sea” by the sailors of the Ladoga military flotilla. This has been the case since Varangian times. Those who sailed on it know the harsh nature of Ladoga, with rapid and abrupt changes. The lake pretends to be gentle, glittering with dim northern silver only in calm weather. The wind very quickly brings up a short, but steep and high (up to 4.5 meters) wave. Under Peter I, hundreds of ships and barges perished on Ladoga. Then the tsar ordered to build a bypass canal along the southern bank from the source of the Neva to the mouth of the Svir.

Now there are two canals, one is the old one, built by Minikh on the orders of Peter; the other, newer one, is laid closer to the lake, but only boats use it, and occasionally the passenger semi-glider “Zarya” will pass, washing away the embankments with a powerful wake jet.

Large four-deck passenger ships prefer to wait out the storm at the mouth of the Svir. In pursuit of profit, two-thousand-ton dry cargo ships and river-sea tankers risk sailing into stormy Ladoga. However, in vain: sometimes they turn over and swim upside down for a long time, like some kind of whales that are not found on Ladoga. It's not easy to save them.

The lake is fraught with many dangers in winter for amateur fishermen. Between the mouth of the Volkhov near Novaya Ladoga and the source of the Neva in Shlisselburg, a very complex system of currents is formed at different depths, in different directions with many eddies. Even in a severe winter, the ice from Novaya Ladoga to Golsmana Bay, and even more so from Kobona to Kokkorevo, is not particularly strong.

It was along this ice, along two routes from the Osinovetsky lighthouse through the islands of Zelentsy (located to the south, closer to Shlisselburg) and the island of Kareji (north of Zelentsy) to the village of Kobona on the eastern shore of the bay, in the winter of 1941, hydrographers of the Ladoga military flotilla conducted reconnaissance of the ice road , which would later be called the Road of Life.

The commander of the Leningrad naval base, Rear Admiral Yuri Aleksandrovich Panteleev, testifies: “On November 15, in the evening, at the command post of the artillery division of Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Turoverov, our first meeting took place with the Deputy Chief of Fleet Hydrography, Captain 2nd Rank A.A. Smirnov and with the young hydrographer E.P. Churov, who was tasked with forming an ice-road hydrographic detachment and reconnaissance of the lake. The decision to organize an ice road depended on the results of this work. At the disposal of E.P. Churov, hydrograph officers V.S. arrived from Leningrad. Kupryushin, V.N. Dmitriev, S.V. Duev, as well as a special team of ten sailors. Everyone was in a fighting mood. They worked together and quickly. We prepared five Finnish sleighs, installed a compass on them, laid out milestones and an ice pick.

E.P. Churov made a very good impression on me from the first meeting - he is confident in himself and in his abilities, reasonable, knowledgeable officer (now he is a Doctor of Technical Sciences, a professor at Leningrad University). The lieutenant reported to me that he had already flown over the lake in a U-2 plane with pilot Topalov, and was convinced that the edge of the ice was still close to the Shlisselburg Bay and ran parallel to Cape Morier. Apparently, the ice is still very thin, but temperatures are expected to drop to minus twenty.

I demanded that the hydrographers be especially careful, because the Nazis are very close, you can stumble upon their patrols.”

In the evening, the hydrographers reported on the readiness of the party to go out on the ice to the deputy commander of the Ladoga flotilla, captain 1st rank Nikolai Yuryevich Avraamov. My father wrote: “We received from him the latest instructions about the direction of movement and behavior in the event of an unexpected collision with enemy reconnaissance. Through the operational duty officer, he gave orders to the coast guard units to let our group onto the ice and take us back.”

The young lieutenants were “admonished” by an extremely interesting man. I have already mentioned that the surviving officers of the tsarist fleet were “exiled” to Ladoga. Nikolai Yurievich Abrahamov (1892 - 1949) was one of them.

Here is a description of the construction of the ice road route from my father’s memoirs in the collection “Native Ladoga,” published in 1969 with a foreword by Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov:

“About midnight on November 15 we went on a hike. The entire sky was covered with continuous clouds. The northeast wind was blowing. The air temperature dropped to -15° Celsius. There was no snow on the ice. He seemed like a black tablecloth to us.

Three hours later, having made sure that the compasses were in working order, I thanked V. for the help provided, and we parted warmly. Accompanied by a Red Navy man, he returned safely to the shore and reported to Avraamov about our first stage of reconnaissance of the route.

While the ice was strong enough, we walked from each other at a distance of 10 - 15 steps. After each mile traveled, a hole was punched, the thickness and strength of the ice was measured, and the air temperature and wind speed vector were determined. When the thickness of the ice decreased to a decimeter, we tied ourselves with a line and walked, and sometimes crawled, one after another, using skis as a flooring to overcome small gaps. At each checked point, a two-meter pole was placed, their approximate coordinates were determined based on the distance traveled and course, and the route was plotted on the map (under the light of a hand-held electric lantern, covered with a canopy on top). Observations were carefully recorded in a journal.

By the morning of November 16, a cold and sharp north wind blew, and the frost began to get stronger. The clouds began to thin, and stars appeared in their gaps. Several times we identified ourselves by the North Star when we saw a strip of the horizon in the north. At this time, Dmitriev severely injured his leg on the hummocks that suddenly appeared in front of us. According to all data, we were located near the island of Bolshoi Zelenets. Dmitriev could not go further. The Red Navy men were also extremely exhausted. I decided to return to Osinovets. At first we carried Dmitriev on a sled, and when we approached the hummocked Osinovetsky shore, I put him on my back and brought him to the lighthouse.”

And again Yu.A. Panteleev: “You can imagine our surprise when early in the morning the news reached us that Lieutenant Dmitriev had been taken to the medical unit. In which? For what reason? While we were figuring all this out, there was no trace of Lieutenant Churov and his sailors... It turns out that after resting in the dugout, replenishing the meager food supplies, once again checking all the calculations, the lieutenant and his companions set off again. This time everything went well, and by the morning of November 17, the route was laid and lined with poles, the thickness of the ice was marked on the tablet.”

FRIENDLY FIRE

In the twenty-first century, when American Marines accidentally come under fire from their own artillery somewhere in Iraq or Afghanistan, polite American generals, meeting with reporters, call it “friendly fire.”

In such cases, on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, our infantry, using excellent, admittedly, American Lend-Lease radios, openly covered the artillery with a three-story mat. Then we met and drank vodka for the front-line brotherhood.

In one thousand nine hundred and fifty-two in Moscow, General Brezhnev, on the eve of the wedding of his beautiful daughter, recalled with his future son-in-law, a gallant captain of the 2nd rank with two white diamonds (of the Higher Naval School and the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons) and five orders, episodes of the past war. They told each other (maybe even boasted a little) about their participation in battles, about their adventures at the front. Suddenly it turned out that in June 1944, the guns of my grandfather (of course, still in the future, since I was born legally only in March 1953) almost destroyed my father by “friendly fire” on the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga.

This discovery allowed my grandfather and father, despite the clearly expressed displeasure of my mother, grandmother and great-grandmother (naturally, mine... in the future), to pour and drink a large glass (by no means the first).

Only my father came up with this story in order to win the heart of his father-in-law and obtain consent for his daughter’s hand in marriage.

There was a Tuloksa operational landing, there was assistance from artillery fire from the 7th Army, my grandfather commanded this artillery, but my father was not there. A month earlier, while landing a reconnaissance force on the island of Verkkosaari, Senior Lieutenant Churov was seriously wounded by numerous fragments of a Finnish shell. Friends who prepared and supported the Tuloksinsky landing operation spoke about it in detail when they visited their father in the hospital in Leningrad.

Sea baiting is the most interesting type of oral story in form and content. To poison means to tell with humor, or, on the contrary, to deliberately seriously tell interesting cases from maritime, and not only, practice, skillfully mixing truth and harmless fiction. Poisoning gruel is not a very successful use of the above-mentioned genre; in such cases they say: “Stop poisoning the gruel.” Currently, the latter term can be used to stop any boring or too long and boring speech, especially in the State Duma. Some sailors had the gift of transferring sea poisoning to paper. This very rare breed of writers includes: Sergei Kolbasyev, Boris Lavrenev, Leonid Sobolev, Admiral Ivan Isakov, Thor Heyerdahl, Viktor Konetsky, as well as Vladimir Sanin, who is not a sailor, but has traveled a lot and visited both poles. Poking is a type of bullying when they come up with some kind of joke on their closest friend. Especially popular among old sea wolves in relation to young people.

My father was a recognized virtuoso of sea baiting and teasing. Once, during practice near Odessa, he even suffered for this. His comrades hid his uniform while swimming and gave it back only after an oath, pronounced on his knees, to stop teasing him. The oath was formalized in a protocol and recorded on photographic film.

My colleagues say that sometimes I can do it too...

SPACE BEACONS

From the Baikonur cosmodrome, also known as the Tyuratam station, also known as the city of Leninsk, my father brought large, smart, extremely nimble turtles - Toshka, who adored dandelions. In the summer in Lithuania, on the outskirts of Druskenik, they regularly ran away from Grandma Varya, who, sitting on the porch, was thrilled in the sun and, of course, never expected such agility from them.

Many scientific works of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Evgeniy Petrovich Churov are still available only to military specialists. While working at the Naval Academy, he never went into details of official matters at home. But he loved to talk about global philosophical problems of space exploration and fantasize about future space wars. I remember how back in the late sixties he said that all missile weapons would soon become obsolete, and wars would be waged from outer space: laser, electronic, electromagnetic with a direct effect on the enemy’s brain, especially precise weapons and robots would be used.

My father's work was strictly secret. Only 20 years after his death, in the book “Naval Academy in the Service of the Fatherland” prepared by Captain 1st Rank Vladimir Vladimirovich Pyzh in 2001 for the 175th anniversary of the Academy, I read: “Solving problems of reconnaissance and target designation was taught at the Department of Space Facilities of the Navy, founded in 1963. At that time, it was headed by a well-known specialist in the field of space navigation, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor E.P. Churov."

In the Soviet Union, a satellite navigation system, primarily for military purposes, was proposed in 1956 by a senior lecturer at the Department of Military Hydrography of the Krylov Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons, Captain 2nd Rank Evgeniy Petrovich Churov. Together with his friends and colleagues - employees of the Navigation and Hydrographic Institute of the Navy Leonid Ivanovich Gordeev and Vadim Alekseevich Fufaev, he immediately appreciated the importance of the research that had begun in the USA on this topic. My father addressed the command of the academy and the Navy at least twice, explaining what satellite navigation means for the future fleet, proposing to urgently launch similar work in our country. The drafts, written in the most beautiful, absolutely legible handwriting in blue ink on yellowed and already deteriorating checkered paper, have been preserved.

In February 1956, my father wrote:

“Navigation of the near future.

The All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical Information reported in October last year that the American National Defense Transportation Journal in its June issue (vol. 12, no. 3) published a significant interview for our century with the former president of the American Rocket Society Lawrence about the project of artificial satellites for navigation purposes. The current state of science and technology is such that the possibility of creating and launching such satellites will be quite realistic in the next 10–15 years.

Since we do not have any other data other than those listed above, taking them as a basis, we will try to approximately estimate the achievable accuracy of determining the location of a ship at any point in the World Ocean and draw some general conclusions...”

In naval jargon, the large embroidered stars on admiral's shoulder straps are called "flies", perhaps due to the fact that between the golden rays there is also sewing with black threads.

Alas, admirals with a large number of stars on their epaulets did not immediately understand how important the offer of relatively young (from 30 to 38 years old) scientific officers in small ranks was. The only father had a modest degree in naval sciences. Later, in the mid-sixties, when they had to grit their teeth and once again catch up with the Americans, my father and his friends defended “closed” doctoral and candidate dissertations, became professors and laureates of high awards, authors of “closed discoveries.”

In July 1963, my father defended his doctoral dissertation on the development of the problem of satellite navigation. In October he became the head of the new department he created at the Naval Academy.

In 1972, my father went into reserve. At Leningrad University, at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Professor Churov creates and heads another new department - theory of control systems.

Accustomed to the uniform and strict discipline of students in the corridors and auditoriums of the Naval Academy, my father was initially surprised by the university disorder (aka academic freedom) and the morals of the students - especially the numerous girls in short skirts. I remember my father, however, without much indignation, telling my mother in the evening: “They walk along the corridor hugging and kissing!”

My father died in 1981 at the age of 63 after a second heart attack. About two years before his death, the penultimate fragment of a Finnish mine embedded in his neck came out. The latter, in the spleen, is buried with his father at the Pargolovskoye cemetery.

A few days before his death, my father was listening to the record and, with the words “Leningrad, Leningrad, I don’t want to die yet...” asked to turn off the player. “I don’t want to die yet,” he repeated, as if to himself.

The name Churov was assigned to an underwater mountain in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean at a point with coordinates 17°29" south latitude, 009°53" west longitude at a depth of 1880 meters. It is approximately three hundred and fifty nautical miles southwest of St. Helena.

Knowing the careless attitude of the Western powers towards Russian names on the world map, I appeal to all the monarchs, presidents, ministers, parliamentarians, ambassadors and consuls of these countries personally known to me with a request - do not allow my mountain to be renamed. You have many of them, but I have one!

Explanation of the Chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia V. E. Churov on the issue of production of printed materials for the purposes of election campaigning using equipment belonging to electoral associations.

To the deputy
State Duma
Federal Assembly
Russian Federation

V. G. Solovyov

Dear Vadim Georgievich!

Your appeal No. SVG-3/337 dated October 25, 2010 to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation has been carefully considered.
As follows from paragraph 11 of Article 54 of the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in Referendums of Citizens of the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law), organizations and individual entrepreneurs performing work or providing services for the production of printed campaign materials are required to submit to the relevant commission information about the amount and other terms of payment for the work (services) they provide no later than 30 days from the date of official publication of the decision to call elections. However, electoral associations themselves are not organizations that perform work or provide services for the production of printed campaign materials, and therefore the requirements of paragraph 11 of Article 54 of the Federal Law do not apply to them.
In addition, the provisions contained in paragraph two of paragraph 6 of Article 59 of the Federal Law grant the electoral association that has nominated a list of candidates the right to use for the purposes of its election campaign, without payment from its election fund, real and movable property in its use (including on a rental basis) on the day of the official publication (publication) of the decision to call elections. The exceptions are securities, printed materials and consumables.
Thus, based on the above legislative norms, an electoral association, if it nominates a list of candidates, has the right to independently, without any notification to the election commission or publication of advertisements in the media, produce printed materials for the purposes of election campaigning, using equipment that belongs to it for the day publication of the decision to call elections. However, such activities can be considered legal only if the cost of consumables (paper, cartridges, etc.) is paid from the funds of the relevant election fund, as well as compliance with the requirements of Part 3 of Art. 54 of the Federal Law on providing the election commission with copies of campaign materials and other information before their distribution.

V. E. Churov

One of these heroes of the battle for Leningrad is Evgeniy Petrovich Churov, the first, as a hydrographer, to survey the fairway and conduct ice reconnaissance to create the ice route of the Road of Life, since October 1943, commander of the operational unit of the Intelligence Department of the headquarters of the Ladoga Military Flotilla, one of the organizers and participants in unique combat submarine operations on Lake Ladoga.

Evgeniy Petrovich Churov was born on March 1, 1918 in the village of Verkhne-Troitsk, Belebeevsky canton of the Ufa province, in modern Russia now a rural village of Verkhnetroitskoye, Tuymazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. His father, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, graduated from the Kazan Veterinary Institute and served as a zemstvo veterinarian. In 1919 he died while serving in the Red Army. Mother - Maria Matveevna Churova (Sorokina) after graduating from the Sterlitamak women's gymnasium, she worked in a rural school, teaching mathematics. In 1929, M. M. Churova died. In times of famine, relatives were forced to send Zhenya to an orphanage; it was much better and more nourishing there. From 1929 to 1931 he studied at the Tuymazinsky collective farm youth school, and from 1931 to 1932 - at the Tuymazinsky Agricultural Technical School. In 1932, after the dissolution of the technical school, he was transferred to the Aksyonovsky Agricultural Technical School, from which he graduated with honors in 1935. In 1935-1936 he worked as a livestock specialist for horses in the Tuymazinsky district land department and studied at the correspondence Youth Institute of the city of Gorky.

In July 1936, he was enrolled in the first year of the Higher Naval School named after M. V. Frunze. In the fall of 1939, the hydrographic department of the VVMU named after. M. V. Frunze was transformed into the Higher Naval Hydrographic School named after G. K. Ordzhonikidze, the cadets-to-be hydrographers, including Evgeny Churov, were transferred to the new school. In 1940, Evgeny Petrovich Churov graduated with honors from VVMGU named after. G. K. Ordzhonikidze, specializing in naval hydrographer.

After graduating from college, Lieutenant Churov was sent to Lake Ladoga as the head of the hydrographic party of the Ozerny district of the 3rd category of the hydrographic service of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. As the head of the hydrographic party, he carried out a detailed study and description of the northern part of the lake, and carried out tasks of trawling Finnish minefields.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, E. P. Churov, as a navigator of the landing detachment on the Sovet transport and a senior pilot in pilotage, participated from July 22 to 27 in the landing of the 4th Marine Brigade on the islands of Lunkulansaari and Matsinsaari. This was the first combat operation of a lieutenant who was young in terms of service, but who had already established himself as an experienced, competent and courageous officer. The crew of the motor ship "Sovet" performed its combat missions brilliantly, all the paratroopers quickly and without losses carried out the landing, then the ship evacuated the wounded soldiers. The enemy countered with powerful artillery fire, the gunboat "Olekma" was hit in the stern by a shell, and during the shelling of the "Sovet" on July 24, E. P. Churov was slightly wounded in the lower back from shell fragments, but remained on the "Soviet" until the end of the operation. From July 28 to August 29, he was a pilot guiding convoys in the skerries of Lake Ladoga during the evacuation of the 19th Rifle Corps from the island of Kilpola and the Rautalahti Peninsula before and during the Putsala operation, including guiding the Volodarsky transport at full speed along a narrow fairway on August 14 "with 400 wounded, while avoiding damage and losses from enemy mortar fire.

Diploma of E. P. Churov.

In September 1941, he participated in ensuring the landing of troops in the Shlisselburg area and in laying the first military controlled fairway. During the war, our fleet in the Baltic and Ladoga was forced to create special communications that had air cover and were protected from attacks by surface ships and submarines. Fairways were usually laid close to their shores, within the range of coastal artillery, covered by aircraft, patrol ships, and minefields. To ensure safe navigation, the hydrographic service placed milestones and illuminated buoys on the water. Lighthouses and guiding signs were built on the shore and islands. By the end of September, two main military-controlled fairways were created on Lake Ladoga - two arteries of the water Road of Life. The first fairway initially ran between Osinovets and Black Satama Bay, then it began to connect Osinovets with Kobona and the Careggi Spit. The second fairway connected Osinovets with Novaya Ladoga. Food and fuel began to be delivered by water, but there was a catastrophic shortage of bread.

In besieged Leningrad, on November 20, the fifth reduction in food standards for the city population was carried out: 250 grams of bread per day began to be issued for work cards, and only 125 grams for others; people were dying. The sailors of the Ladoga Military Flotilla and the rivermen of the North-Western River Shipping Company did everything possible to provide besieged Leningrad with food; everything was mobilized for transportation: transports, barges, and warships. But every day it became more and more difficult, it was almost impossible to break through the ice on the lake. The delivery of food by transport aviation did not solve the difficult situation. It was necessary to create ice tracks as soon as possible. Equipment for road equipment was prepared and delivered to the lake shore in advance, but there was no reliable information about the condition of the ice cover.

Diplomas and certificates E.P. Churova

Since November 15, E. P. Churov acted as head of the hydrographic section of the Osinovets naval base and head of the ice road detachment of the hydrographic department of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet along the Ladoga ice route. And it was he who was the first, as a hydrographer, to carry out ice reconnaissance on November 15-17 along the route Osinovetsky lighthouse - Zelentsy islands, Osinovetsky lighthouse - Kobona, Kobona - Careggi lighthouse - Osinovets. The results of this reconnaissance served as the basis for the construction by the Leningrad Front of the Kokkorevo-Lavrovo ice route, that is, the Road of Life. The reconnaissance was ordered to be carried out by two specialist hydrographers - E. P. Churov (group commander) and V. I. Dmitriev. Around midnight on November 15, a reconnaissance party of five people set out on a mission. While the ice was strong, they walked at a distance of 10-15 steps from each other. Every mile, Churov and Dmitriev, together with the Red Navy men, made a hole, measured the thickness and strength of the ice, determined the air temperature and the wind speed vector. When the thickness of the ice decreased to a decimeter, they were forced to crawl through a number of areas, tied with a line (in order to be able to rescue those who had fallen through the ice). And all this at a temperature of minus 15 degrees, besides, they carried equipment, two-meter poles - milestones, weapons - on sleds. Hydrographers-scouts placed milestones at each checked point. By the morning of November 16, the group was near the island of Bolshoy Zelenets, when Lieutenant Dmitriev severely injured his leg on hummocks and could not go further on his own. How difficult was the situation (strong wind, hummocks, cold) that even a professional, well-trained officer could not protect himself. The commander decided to return to Osinovets. First they took V.I. Dmitrieva on a sled, then near the hummocked bank of E.P. Churov put him on his back and carried him to the lighthouse. Of the specialists, only Evgeniy Petrovich remained, the three Red Navy men were extremely exhausted, so the commander selected other physically strong young guys and, sincerely thanking the sailors of the first exit, sent them to bed. At noon on November 16, together with three other Red Navy men, he set off again. The frost intensified to 20 degrees, but the group surveyed the future route all day and all night. By 4 a.m. on November 17, they reached the shore at Kobona. After a short rest, the reconnaissance party set off along the route Kobona - Careggi - Osinovets, laying another ice reconnaissance line. The research continued all day and evening on November 17, it was difficult, just like on the first day of reconnaissance, late at night they returned to their base. All night the collected materials were processed by Senior Lieutenant V.S. Kupryushin and lieutenants A. A. Anishchenko and S.V. Duev. By the morning of November 18, maps of the routes were ready: Osinovetsky lighthouse - Zelentsy islands; Osinovetsky lighthouse - Kobona; Kobona - Careggi - Osinovets. E.P. Churov wrote an explanatory note and around noon on November 18 reported to the command about the completion of the task and handed over all the materials.

The information collected served as the basis for the decision made on November 19 to organize permanent communication on the ice of Lake Ladoga. In a uniquely short time - 48 hours - E.P. Churov and his subordinates completed the task - they conducted reconnaissance of the future ice route of the Road of Life. The first crossing on the ice of the lake took place on November 20, 1941 - 350 teams of a horse-drawn transport regiment entered the ice of Ladoga. The ice bent and cracked, but all the teams returned to the besieged city on November 21 and delivered the first 10 tons of flour. On November 22, three days ahead of schedule, the first 60 vehicles entered the ice and regular transportation began.

In 1942, E. P. Churov took an active part in the hostilities. June 27 - August 1 participated in the organization of artillery support by armored boats No. 99 and 100 of the 311th division of the 54th Army of the Volkhov Front at the final stage of the Kirishi offensive operation, he secretly led the boats to the position and provided the initial data for firing. From August 7 to September 1, he served as a supporting hydrographer in the raiding operations of boats of the “Sea Hunter” type (landing of a sabotage group on the island of Gange-Pa, actions on the enemy’s communication routes). During a raid on the island of Gange-Pa on August 12, he was slightly wounded by a fragment of an aerial bomb in his left hand.

Ships of the Ladoga military flotilla. Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov

On September 1, 1942, Evgeniy Petrovich Churov was awarded the rank of senior lieutenant, and on November 6, he was awarded the first military order - the Red Star. In 1942, a special manual “Description of the skerries of Lake Ladoga” prepared by E. P. Churov was published. The author collected some of the materials before the war, the other part was obtained during military campaigns to the islands captured by the Finns in the north of the lake. The manual has become a kind of reference book for commanders and navigators of ships of the Ladoga military flotilla.

In 1943, E. P. Churov led the reconnaissance activities of the submarine “M¬-77”, was its navigator, and participated in all combat campaigns of the boat. In October, a new appointment - commander of the operational unit of the 4th (Intelligence) branch of the Headquarters of the Ladoga Military Flotilla. It is especially worth noting the excellent basic training and personal hard work of Evgeniy Petrovich Churov; during the war years he was able to master a number of naval specialties and brilliantly complete the assigned tasks. In November 1942, Senior Lieutenant Churov was awarded the first Order of the Red Star.

The sailing of submarines on Ladoga, the performance of combat reconnaissance missions by the crews, is a unique naval experience, taking into account the specifics of the difficult Ladoga lake conditions. In June 1943, two submarines “M-77” and “M-79” were transported by rail from Leningrad to Osinovets. Transporting boats is not an easy task, but the railway workers and sailors managed it: they prepared special platforms with an extended base, temporarily removed the wires along the entire route, and built inclined slips on Ladoga for launching boats into the water.

Lieutenant Commander E. P. Churov in the fall of 1944 aboard the Meripoega in Helsinki. Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov

Submarines and boats on Lake Ladoga carried out reconnaissance activities, and the idea of ​​​​using submarines can be described as ingenious and effective. The submarine approached the observation point, raised the periscope and conducted observations for many days. The history of world wars knows many facts when intelligence helped save the lives of thousands of soldiers and officers. Therefore, a lot of attention and effort is always given to reconnaissance, collection and information. Then groups of reconnaissance officers began to be dropped from the submarines into the territory occupied by the enemy. The boat approached, the situation was studied through the periscope and the scouts were secretly landed. After a designated number of days and time, the submarine picked up our sailors, but the most amazing thing was the ability to capture “tongues” directly from a submarine or boat. In good weather, Finnish soldiers went out to the lake to fish. And suddenly something large, gray and slippery, with a gun on its nose, appeared in front of them. Shock, fear, panic in the enemy; Probably, in this situation many would be scared. Brave Russian sailors come out of the boat and explain that there is no need to shoot or make noise, but to put the machine guns and fishing rods on the bottom, cut through the bottom with knives and quickly get on board the Soviet submarine. It should be noted that the Finns understood everything and followed orders in a disciplined manner. E. P. Churov personally took one “tongue”, his reconnaissance groups took five more.

In 1944, E. P. Churov from May 15 to 21 led a reconnaissance landing force on the enemy-occupied island of Verkkosaari from the boat "MO-228" accompanied by the boat "MO-199". During the withdrawal of the reconnaissance landing from the island on May 21, he was seriously wounded by shell fragments in the thigh of his right leg and several light wounds in other parts of the body. After lying in hospitals for two months and not recovering, Evgeniy Petrovich returned to his native Ladoga military flotilla, which by that time had become the Red Banner Flotilla. From August 16 to 26, he commanded the reconnaissance and raiding operations of the armored boats "BKA-101" and "BKA-102" to liberate the islands of the Valaam archipelago.

Scientific research vessel of the USSR Academy of Sciences steamship "Mikhail Lomonosov" in 1958. Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov

The Order of the Red Banner was awarded to E. P. Churov on September 22, 1944, and on September 30 he was awarded the rank of “captain-lieutenant.” In October, the wounds opened, and he was ordered to the hospital. Then a new appointment - senior hydrographer of a separate detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. In his new position, he carried out hydrographic and pilotage work in the skerries of the Gulf of Finland and the Abo-Aland archipelago. Along the fairways he explored, submarines (including the famous “S¬-13” by A. I. Marinesko) entered combat positions.

In January 1945, he was appointed head of the hydrographic party of a separate detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. In the spring and summer, he carried out a command assignment to reconnaissance the island of Bornholm (Denmark) as part of a group led by Rear Admiral E. E. Shwede. As a result, the group compiled a complete military-geographical description of the island.

The third military order - the Patriotic War, 1st degree, was awarded to Evgeniy Petrovich Churov on July 17, 1945. After the war, E. P. Churov graduated with honors, a gold medal and being included on a marble plaque from the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons. In 1953, he defended his PhD thesis in the department of naval sciences, dedicated to shipborne radar photography. Since 1957, he began to deal with the use of spacecraft in the interests of the Navy. He writes two notes to the leaders of the state and command: in February 1957 - under the title “Navigation of the Near Future” and in December 1959 - with the title “Information on the current state of research in the field of navigational use of artificial Earth satellites.” Participates in the first research projects on this topic. On November 5, 1957, he was awarded the rank of captain 1st rank.

In 1963 he defended his doctoral dissertation in the department of technical sciences, dedicated to the development of satellite systems. From October 1963 to February 1972 - head of the Department of Space Technology (Military Space Facilities) of the Naval Order of Lenin Academy, created at his suggestion. The scientific works of E. P. Churov formed the basis of the first space navigation system of the Navy, “Cyclone-¬B”. In June 1965, he was awarded the academic title of professor in the department of space technology.

March 1, 1972 - farewell to E. P. Churov with the staff of the Department of Space Research of the Naval Academy upon his retirement. Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov

For military activities during the Great Patriotic War and post-war naval service, Evgeniy Petrovich Churov was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and twelve medals. Among the medals, the most revered during the war years and in our time are “For Military Merit” and “For the Defense of Leningrad.”

From 1972, after retiring, until the end of his life he worked at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes at Leningrad University. At the faculty in 1974, he created the Department of Control Systems Theory, where he continued research in the field of satellite applications, and also began solving problems in the theory of large systems.

Evgeny Petrovich Churov passed away on February 11, 1981, and was buried at the Northern Cemetery in St. Petersburg. A life well lived.

Vice-Admiral Viktor Sergeevich Cherokov and Admiral Yuri Aleksandrovich Panteleev left us their memories, in which they highly appreciate Evgeniy Petrovich Churov and, first of all, his feat of ice exploration to create the ice route of the Road of Life. Let us recall that during the war years V. S. Cherokov was the commander of the legendary Red Banner Ladoga military flotilla, and Yu. A. Panteleev was the commander of the Leningrad naval base, people sincerely respected in our country, and their opinion is significant and objective.

On November 5, 1986, in accordance with paragraph 15 of the Regulations “On the procedure for naming and renaming state objects of union subordination and physical-geographical objects”, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 29, 1966 No. 914, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences decided to assign the name “Mountain” Churov" underwater mountain, located at 17°29' south latitude and 009°53' west longitude, 1880 meters. Let us express the opinion that in memory of Evgeniy Petrovich Churov, his name should be immortalized in our city.

Publication cover: Lieutenant E. P. Churov in 1940

S. Morozov.

Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov