He did not carry a heart in his chest,
Who did not shed tears over you!
ON THE. Nekrasov
In the work of N.A. Nekrasov, many works are devoted to a simple Russian woman. The fate of a Russian woman has always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he speaks of her plight. Starting with the early poem “On the Road” and ending with the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, Nekrasov spoke about the “female share”, about the dedication of the Russian peasant woman, about her spiritual beauty. In the poem “In full swing the village suffering”, written shortly after the reform, a true reflection of the inhuman hard work of a young peasant mother is given:
Share you! - Russian woman's share!
Hardly harder to find...
Talking about the hard lot of the Russian peasant woman, Nekrasov often in her image embodied high ideas about the spiritual power of the Russian people, about their physical beauty:
There are women in Russian villages
With calm gravity of faces,
With beautiful strength in movements,
With a gait, with the eyes of queens.
In the works of Nekrasov, the image of a “majestic Slav” appears, pure in heart, bright in mind, strong in spirit. This is Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose", and a simple girl from the "Troika". This is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who in Russia should live well."
The image of Matrena Timofeevna, as it were, completes and unites the group of images of peasant women in Nekrasov's work. The poem recreates the type of “stately Slav”, a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and strict beauty:
stubborn woman,
Wide and dense.
Thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
The eyes are large, stern,
Eyelashes are the richest
Stern and swarthy.
She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted to tell about his fate. “Peasant Woman” is the only part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, all written in the first person. Trying to answer the question of the men-truth-seekers, can she call herself happy, Matrena Timofeevna tells the story of her life. The voice of Matrena Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than tells, sang folk songs. “The Peasant Woman” is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost entirely built on folk poetic images and motifs. The whole life story of Matrena Timofeevna is a chain of continuous misfortunes and suffering. No wonder she says about herself: “I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart!” She is convinced: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women." Why? After all, there was love in the life of this woman, the joy of motherhood, the respect of others. But with her story, the heroine makes the peasants think about the question of whether this is enough for happiness and whether all those life hardships and hardships that fall to the lot of the Russian peasant woman will outweigh this cup:
Silent, invisible to me
The storm has passed,
Will you show her?
For me insults are mortal
Gone unpaid
And the whip passed over me!
Slowly and unhurriedly Matrena Timofeevna leads her story. She lived well and freely in her parents' house. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up with a "maiden's will to hell": a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunkard father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom her daughter-in-law had to work like a slave. With her husband, she, however, was lucky. But Philip only returned from work in the winter, and the rest of the time there was no one to intercede for her, except for grandfather Savely. A consolation for a peasant woman is her first-born Demushka. But due to Savely's oversight, the child dies. Matrena Timofeevna becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child (in order to find out the cause of death, the authorities perform an autopsy of the child's corpse). For a long time she cannot forgive Savely's "sin" that he overlooked her Demushka. But the trials of Matrena Timofeevna did not end there. Her second son Fedot is growing up, and misfortune befalls him. Her eight-year-old son is facing punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Fedot took pity on her, he saw how hungry and unhappy she was, and the wolf cubs in her den were not fed:
Looking up, head up
In my eyes ... and howled suddenly!
In order to save her little son from the punishment that threatened him, Matryona herself lies under the rod instead of him.
But the most difficult trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. A recruiting set deprives her of her last intercessor, her husband (he is taken out of turn):
...Hungry
Orphans are standing
In front of me... Unkindly
The family looks at them
They are noisy in the house
On the street pugnacious,
Gluttons at the table...
And they began to pinch them,
Bang on the head...
Shut up, soldier mother!
Matrena Timofeevna decides to ask the governor for intercession. She runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the porter lets her into the house for a bribe, she throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna:
How do I throw
At her feet: “Stand up!
Deception, not godly
Provider and parent
They take from children!
The governor took pity on Matryona Timofeevna. The heroine returns home with her husband and newborn Liodorushka. This incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor".
The further fate of Matryona Timofeevna is also full of troubles: one of the sons has already been taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." The "Baby Parable" sums up her tragic story:
Keys to female happiness
From our free will
abandoned, lost
God himself!
The life history of Matryona Timofeevna showed that the most difficult, unbearable conditions of life could not break a peasant woman. The harsh conditions of life honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to relying on her own strength everywhere and in everything. Nekrasov endows his heroine not only with beauty, but with great spiritual strength. Not resignation to fate, not stupid patience, but pain and anger are expressed in the words with which she ends the story of her life:
For me insults are mortal
Gone unpaid...
Anger accumulates in the soul of a peasant woman, but faith remains in the intercession of the Mother of God, in the power of prayer. After praying, she goes to the city to the governor to seek the truth. Saved by her own spiritual strength and will to live. Nekrasov showed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna both a readiness for self-sacrifice when she stood up for her son, and strength of character when she does not bow to formidable bosses. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is, as it were, woven from folk poetry. Lyrical and wedding folk songs, lamentations have long told about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source, creating the image of his beloved heroine.
Written about the people and for the people, the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" is close to the works of oral folk art. The verse of the poem - Nekrasov's artistic discovery - perfectly conveyed the lively speech of the people, their songs, sayings, sayings, which absorbed centuries-old wisdom, sly humor, sadness and joy. The whole poem is a truly folk work, and this is its great significance.

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Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" contains a key moment in the search by seven male peasants for people whose life would be happy. One day they meet a certain peasant woman - Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, who tells them her sad life story.

Age and appearance

At the time of the story, Matryona is 38 years old, but the woman herself considers herself an old woman. Matryona is a rather beautiful woman: she is portly and stocky, her face has already noticeably faded, but still retains traces of attractiveness and beauty. She had large, clear and stern eyes. They were framed by beautiful thick eyelashes.

Her hair was already noticeably touched by gray hair, but you could still recognize her hair color. Her skin was dark and rough. Matryona's clothes are similar to the clothes of all peasants - they are simple and neat. Traditionally, her wardrobe consists of a white shirt and a short sundress.

Personality characteristic

Matryona has considerable strength, "Khokhloma cow" - this is the author's description of her. She is a hardworking woman. Their family has a large household, which is mainly taken care of by Matryona. She is not deprived of both intelligence and ingenuity. A woman can clearly and clearly express her opinion on a particular issue, sensibly assess the situation and make the right decision. She is an honest woman - and she teaches her children the same.

All her life after marriage, Matrena had to endure humiliation and various difficulties in her work, but she did not lose the main qualities of character, retaining her desire for freedom, but at the same time she brought up impudence and harshness.
The life of a woman was very difficult. Matrena spent a lot of energy and health working for her husband's family. She steadfastly endured all the sorrows and unfair treatment of herself and her children and did not grumble, over time her situation improved, but it was already impossible to restore her lost health.

Not only physical health suffered from life's litigation - during this time, Korchagina cried a lot of tears, as she herself says, "you can score three lakes." Ironically, she calls them the unthinkable wealth of all life.

On our website you can read in the poem by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”

Religion and true faith in God allowed Matryona not to go crazy - according to the woman herself, she finds solace in prayer, the more she indulges in this occupation, the easier it becomes for her.

One day, the governor's wife helped Matryona solve her difficulties in life, so people, remembering this case, Matryona in the common people began to call her "governor's wife" too.

Matrona's life before marriage

Matryona was lucky with her parents - they were good and decent people. Her father did not drink and was an exemplary family man, her mother always took care of the comfort and well-being of all family members. Her parents protected her from the hardships of fate and tried to make her daughter's life as simple and better as possible. Matryona herself says that she "lived like Christ in her bosom."

Marriage and first sorrows

However, the time has come and, like all adult girls, she had to leave her father's house. One day, a visiting man, a stove-maker by profession, approached her. He seemed to Matryona a sweet and good person, and she agreed to become his wife. According to tradition, after marriage, the girl moved to live in the house of her husband's parents. This happened in the situation of Matryona, but here the first disappointments and sorrows awaited the young girl - her relatives accepted her very negatively and hostilely. Matryona was very homesick for her parents and for her former life, but she had no way back.

The husband's family turned out to be large, but not friendly - since they did not know how to treat each other kindly, Matrena was no exception for them: she was never praised for a job well done, but always found fault and scolded. The girl had no choice but to endure humiliation and rude attitude towards herself.

Matrena was the first worker in the family - she had to get up earlier than everyone else and go to bed later than everyone else. However, no one felt gratitude towards her and did not appreciate her work.

Relationship with husband

It is not known how Philip's husband, Matrenin, perceived the unfavorable situation within his new family - it is likely that due to the fact that he grew up in such conditions, this state of affairs was normal for him.

Dear readers! We offer you to get acquainted with which came out from the pen of the talented classical poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.

In general, Matrena considers him a good husband, but at the same time she harbors a grudge against him - once he hit her. It is likely that such a characterization of their relationship by Matryona was very subjective and she considers the significance of her husband from the position - it can be even worse, so my husband is very good against the background of such absolutely bad husbands.

Children of Matryona

The appearance of children with a new family was not long in coming - on the Kazan Matryona she gives birth to her first child - her son Demushka. One day, the boy remains under the supervision of his grandfather, who treated the task entrusted to him in bad faith - as a result, the boy was bitten by pigs. This brought a lot of grief to Matrena's life, because the boy for her became a ray of light in her unsightly life. However, the woman did not remain childless - she still had 5 sons. The names of the elders are mentioned in the poem - Fedot and Liodor. The husband's family was also not happy and not friendly towards Matryona's children - they often beat the kids and scolded them.

New changes

The hardships of Matrena's life did not end there - three years after marriage, her parents died - the woman was very painfully experiencing this loss. Soon her life began to improve. The mother-in-law died and she became a full-fledged mistress of the house. Unfortunately, Matryona failed to find happiness - by that time her children had become old enough to be taken into the army, so new sorrows appeared in her life.

Thus, Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina in Nekrasov's poem has become a collective symbol of a typical peasant woman who will endure everything and endure everything on her hump. Despite such industriousness and fury at work, Matryona did not become happy - those around her, in particular her closest relatives, are meticulous and unfair to her - they do not appreciate her work and do not realize her feat in relation to them. This state of affairs does not escape the woman, but her patience and optimism know no bounds.

Composition on the topic: Matrena Timofeevna. Composition: Who lives well in Russia

Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a peasant woman. The third part of the poem is dedicated to this heroine.

M.T. - “A portly woman, Broad and dense, 38 years old. Beautiful; hair with gray hair, Big strict eyes, Eyelashes of the richest, Harsh and swarthy.

Among the people about M.T. the glory of the lucky woman is coming. She tells the strangers who come to her about her life. Her story is told in the form of folk laments and songs. This emphasizes the typical fate of M.T. for all Russian peasant women: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women."

In the parental home of M.T. life was good: she had a friendly non-drinking family. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up "from a girl's will to hell." The youngest in her husband's family, she worked for everyone like a slave. The husband loved M.T., but often went to work and could not protect his wife. The heroine had one intercessor - grandfather Savely, her husband's grandfather. M.T. she has seen a lot of grief in her lifetime: she endured the harassment of the manager, survived the death of the first-born Demushka, who, due to Savely's oversight, was bitten by pigs. M.T. failed to retrieve the son's body and he was sent for an autopsy. Later, another son of the heroine, 8-year-old Fedot, was threatened with a terrible punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Mother, without hesitation, lay down under the rod instead of her son. But in a lean year, M.T., pregnant and with children, is likened to a hungry she-wolf herself. In addition, the last breadwinner is taken away from her family - her husband is shaved into soldiers out of turn. In desperation, M.T. runs into the city and throws himself at the feet of the governor's wife. She helps the heroine and even becomes the godmother of the born son M.T. - Liodora. But the evil fate continued to haunt the heroine: one of the sons was taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." In the "Woman's Parable" M.T. sums up his sad story: “The keys to female happiness, From our free will, Abandoned, lost From God himself!”

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life, Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time for them, and hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard day's work, the girl found time to relax.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage. Marriage means that now the free and free life of the girl is over. Now she will live in a strange family, where she will not be treated in the best way. When a mother gives her daughter in marriage, she grieves for her, worries about her fate:

The mother was crying

“... Like a fish in a blue sea

You yell! like a nightingale

Flutter from the nest!

Someone else's side

Not sprinkled with sugar

Not watered with honey!

It's cold there, it's hungry there

There is a well-groomed daughter

Violent winds will blow,

Shaggy dogs bark,

And people will laugh!”

In these lines, the sadness of a mother is clearly read, who perfectly understands all the hardships of life that will fall to the lot of her married daughter. In a strange family, no one will show interest in her, and the husband himself will never stand up for his wife.

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matryona Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now:

The family was big

Grumpy... I got it

From girlish holi to hell!

Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys:

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And there was no grief!

Sang like I sang

In the parental home.

We were one-year-olds

Don't touch us - we have fun

We are always fine.

The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Such was the life of Matrena Timofeevna after marriage. The days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But a peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down. Now the woman is not so embittered at the whole wide world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

Philip on the Annunciation

He left, but on Kazanskaya

I gave birth to a son.

How written was Demushka

Beauty taken from the sun

The snow is white

Poppies have scarlet lips

The eyebrow is black in sable,

The Siberian sable

The falcon has eyes!

All the anger from my soul is my handsome

Driven away with an angelic smile,

Like the spring sun

Drives snow from fields...

I didn't worry

Whatever they say, I work

No matter how they scold - I am silent.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then there is a baby in her arms. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the camp officer accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Matrena Timofeevna is still young, but she has already had to endure a lot, a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. Very often this is exactly what happens. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long, very often women die in the prime of life. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. Nevertheless, one cannot help but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matrena Timofeevna causes genuine admiration. After all, she finds the strength in herself to live, work, continues to enjoy those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And let her honestly admit that she cannot be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, she continues to live.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

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ON THE. Nekrasov, a famous Russian poet, in many of his works describes with great sympathy the hard life of ordinary working women.

In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina tells about her fate to wanderers who are looking for happy people. Her life has developed, like many Russian peasant women. Since childhood, she has been a hard worker. But all the same, memories of life in childhood are only joyful, since she had, according to Matryona herself, “a good, non-drinking family.” Having married, Matrena went through difficult trials: conflicts in the family (nitpicking by her husband's relatives), hard work, the death of her first child, separation from her husband who had gone to work, eternal need.

This is how her life turned out. And there was both bad and good in her, of course, there is more bad, but this woman found the strength to live in herself. With what pain she endured the death of Demushka's son! And she is accused of the death of a child, and she still has to make excuses! Matryona Timofeevna. So she forgives grandfather Savely his oversight, which led to the death of her first son. Instead of another son, Matryona is punished and lies under the rods, suffers shame and humiliation for the sake of the child, and after punishment goes to the river and cries. When it became known that Matryona's husband was being taken into the soldiers, she went to the governor's wife, threw herself at her feet, and her husband was saved. Matryona is considered "lucky" in the village. But new troubles come instead of happiness. Such a share, like that of Matryona, fell to many. And there is no time to worry for a long time - you have to feed your family. They lived, accumulating grief and despair.

Nekrasov lovingly describes the portrait of this working woman, her beauty. She has big eyes, gray hair. Nekrasov sees the main advantage of a Russian woman in her ability to be a good mother, to take care of children, despite all the difficulties.

The image of Matryona Timofeevna in Nekrasov's poem turned out to be truly Russian thanks to songs, proverbs, sayings, the use of expressive means of the language: epithets, synonyms, comparisons. She laments over her dead son: “Fall, my tears, ... right on the heart of my villain!”

Matrena lived her life in constant work and struggle for her family. The author concludes: there is no happiness in Russia for a peasant woman.

Nekrasov for the first time in literature so deeply and truthfully depicted a Russian woman, showed the features of the national character of Russian women. Living in inhuman, slavish conditions, oppressed and humiliated, they retained a pure soul, strong will, tenderness, love, fidelity. These qualities help them live and believe.

Option 2

The people are the entire population of the country. For N. A. Nekrasov, this is, first of all, the peasantry. The writer sympathized with the people, found in them the best human virtues, considered himself indebted to them for all his difficult life circumstances.

The image of a peasant woman, Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna, in Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” plays an important role, he appears in one of the parts of the work called “Peasant Woman”.

Matryona Timofeevna felt truly happy only when she was in her parents' house, in a wonderful peasant family, where the father and mother took care of their daughter, affectionately addressed her as "kasatushka". Being a member of a working-class family, Matryona had to do hard work from an early age, allocate little time for children's fun. Despite this, the peasant woman cherished the time she spent in her home, often recalled it with sadness.

Many guys looked at the hardworking Matryona. The girl was given to a man from another village. The house in which Matryona ends up is incomparable with her parents. The unfriendly family does not respect the new family member, calls the girl "drowsy, drowsy, messy", despite her great efforts. The husband was cruel to Matryona, beat her: "the whip whistled, blood spurted."

The only joy in a dysfunctional family life was the birth of a child. This event serves as a consolation for the peasant woman. The need to work does not make it possible to independently raise Matryona's firstborn, she has to leave him in the care of an old man who once overlooked the child. The death of a child becomes a tragedy for a poor peasant woman.

The death of the firstborn did not break Matryona, she continues to live, to protect her children and family. So she takes upon herself the punishment of her son, Fedot, who lost a sheep while grazing, stands up for her husband, whom they want to take into the soldiers, asking the governor for help.

The image of Matryona cannot be called happy. Not everyone is able to withstand the difficulties that the peasant woman had to endure, to sacrifice themselves for the sake of others, so the heroine is admired.

The writer endowed Matryona with all the features of peasant women in order to show the life of the people as a whole. And now the reader is presented with a strong woman, an honest wife, hard-working, purposeful, gentle and simple.

Composition about Matryona

The Russian peasant woman is a character in various works by Nekrasov. All of them are imbued with sympathy for her fate. However, the peasant woman appears before us not only tortured by hard work, but also in the form of a “stately Slav woman”, who has high moral qualities, endured life's troubles and loves her family. Such is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina.

Kindness, pleasant appearance, ingenuity, the glory of a lucky woman are inherent in this woman. We see how Nekrasov shows the life of Matryona from childhood to meeting with the seekers of a happy fate. It is interesting how the author portrays her thoughts and feelings, as well as the emotional upheavals that left a big mark on her life. It was especially difficult for her after the death of Demushka's first son.

At the beginning of the poem, which speaks of the tragic death of a child, the image of a bird is described, which inconsolably cries for its chicks who died during a thunderstorm. It helps the reader to understand the tragedy of the peasant mother. However, when the corpse of Demushka is opened, Matrena Timofeevna finds herself in the grip of hopelessness and rage. In her curses to the villains and executioners, she had a plan of revenge. And therefore, foreseeing such a situation, the police officer orders the mother to be tied up.

Saving the youngest Fedotashka, from undeserved punishment, she herself lay down under the rods, without even begging for forgiveness from the headman. She bore her shameful punishment with her head held high. Only in the evening by the river was the woman able to cry out all the pain of her suffering. Matryona is worried when she finds out that her husband is being sent to the soldiers. Seeing her husband being beaten with sticks on the orders of Colonel Shalashnikov, and her children begging for alms, she goes to hiccup intercession.

At night she goes to the city, praying to the heavenly intercessor. Unlike other heroines of the poet's works, she was lucky, as she asked for help from the governor, who helped her. And so, the peasant woman returns home with her husband, who was released from military service, and with the baby Liodorushka. Her heart was filled with joy, gratitude and love. In this state, she sees the world around her better. Matrena goes and admires the natural beauties that are present at the beginning of spring. But, with all her luck and natural talent, Matryona did not become happy. Saying goodbye to the seekers of happiness, she says that the keys to women's happiness are lost, and are unlikely to be found.

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Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna

TO WHOM IN RUSSIA LIVE WELL
Poem (1863-1877, unfinished)

Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna is a peasant woman, the third part of the poem is entirely devoted to her biography. “Matryona Timofeevna / A portly woman, / Broad and thick, / Thirty-eight years old. / Beautiful; gray hair, / Large, stern eyes, / The richest eyelashes, / Harsh and swarthy. / She has a white shirt on, / Yes, a short sundress, / Yes, a sickle over her shoulder "; The glory of a lucky woman leads wanderers to her. M. agrees to "lay out her soul" when the peasants promise to help her in the harvest: the suffering is in full swing. The fate of M. was largely prompted by Nekrasov, published in the 1st volume of "Lamentations of the Northern Territory", collected by E. V. Barsov (1872), the autobiography of the Olonets wailer I. A. Fedoseeva. The narrative is based on her laments, as well as other folklore materials, including "Songs collected by P. N. Rybnikov" (1861). The abundance of folklore sources, often almost unchanged included in the text of the "Peasant Woman", and the very title of this part of the poem emphasize the typical fate of M.: this is the usual fate of a Russian woman, convincingly indicating that the wanderers "started / It's not a deal - between women / Looking for a happy one." In the parental home, in a good, non-drinking family, M. lived happily. But, having married Philip Korchagin, a stove-maker, she ended up “from a girl’s will to hell”: a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunkard father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom the daughter-in-law must work like a slave. True, she was lucky with her husband: only once it came to beatings. But Philip only returns home from work in winter, and in the rest of the time there is no one to intercede for M., except for grandfather Savely, father-in-law. She has to endure the harassment of Sitnikov, the master's manager, which ceased only with his death. Her first-born Demushka becomes a consolation in all troubles for a peasant woman, but due to Savely's oversight, the child dies: he is eaten by pigs. An unrighteous judgment is being carried out over a heartbroken mother. Not guessing in time to give a bribe to the boss, she becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child.

For a long time K. cannot forgive Savely for his irreparable oversight. Over time, the peasant woman has new children, "there is no time / Neither to think nor be sad." The heroine's parents, Savely, are dying. Her eight-year-old son Fedot is threatened with punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a she-wolf, and his mother lies under the rod instead of him. But the most difficult trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. Recruitment deprives her of her last intercessor, her husband (he is taken out of turn). In delirium, she draws terrible pictures of the life of a soldier, soldier's children. She leaves the house and runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the porter lets her into the house for a bribe, she throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna. With her husband and newborn Liodo-rushka, the heroine returns home, this incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor". Her further fate is also full of troubles: one of her sons has already been taken to the soldiers, "They burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." In the "Woman's Parable" her tragic story is summed up: "The keys to a woman's happiness, / From our free will / Abandoned, lost / God Himself!" Part of the criticism (V. G. Avseenko, V. P. Burenin, N. F. Pavlov) met the "Peasant Woman" with hostility, Nekrasov was accused of implausible exaggerations, false, fake common people. However, even ill-wishers noted some successful episodes. There were also reviews about this chapter as the best part of the poem.

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