Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written during the transition of Russian society from outdated, house-building traditions and values to new, enlightening views and ideas. This process became the most difficult and difficult for representatives of the landlord social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if a part of society easily adapted to the renewed circumstances, then for others the process of transition turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the representative of just such landlords, who failed to change along with the world, adapting to it. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building upbringing, which shaped many of Oblomov's main character traits - lack of will, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, unwillingness to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive guardianship of parents, constant prohibitions, the calmly lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most insignificant difficulties.
The inconsistency of Oblomov's character in the novel "Oblomov"
The negative side of Oblomov's character
In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything himself, hoping for help from outside - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who can solve problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will figure out the situation of interest to Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions invented by him. Spending all his days lying on the couch, Oblomov makes unrealizable plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he draws for himself are echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.
It would seem that a lazy, lumberjack hero living in an untidy apartment cannot arouse sympathy and disposition in the reader, especially against the background of the active, active, purposeful friend of Ilya Ilyich - Stolz. However, the true essence of Oblomov is revealed gradually, which allows you to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, care and control of his parents, subtly feeling, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - the knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy gained by his own work. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful courtyards carried out orders at the first call, and parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Once outside the parental nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and affably as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for himself. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, "cruel" world in his dreams.
The positive side of Oblomov's character
The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state, leading to the degradation of the personality, was Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Perhaps Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only negative, but also positive features of Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner peace and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stoltz came in difficult moments when he needed support and understanding. Pigeon tenderness, sensuality and sincerity of Oblomov are revealed during the relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to Oblomov's values - this betrays a subtle psychologist in him. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, because he understands that he will not be able to give Olga the happiness she dreams of.
The character and fate of Oblomov are closely related - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, along with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete departure into a pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.
National character in the novel "Oblomov"
The image of Oblomov in Goncharov's novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the Fool on the stove, about which the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like a character in a fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a benevolent firebird or a kind sorceress will appear who will take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hardworking, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless”, “some kind of lazy person whom everyone offends”.
Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible is the main feature not only of Ilya Ilyich, but also of any Russian person brought up on folk tales and legends. Falling on fertile ground, this belief becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with an illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “he has a fairy tale mixed with life, and sometimes he unconsciously feels sad, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale.”
At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that "Oblomov" happiness that he had long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring kind wife, an arranged life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to a woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three trials, after which he will expect the fulfillment of all desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, first succumbing to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for Olga. Describing Oblomov's life, the author seems to be ironic about the hero's excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle, for which there is no need to fight.
Conclusion
At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov’s character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, make it possible to see in Ilya Ilyich the eternal image of an unrealized personality “out of his time” - an “extra person” who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore left into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not in a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but in the wrong upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Grown as a "houseplant", Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was hard enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.
Artwork test
The presented lesson is intended for the 10th grade of a comprehensive school. This is the second lesson in the study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The first lesson was devoted to the study of the Flemish craftsmanship of I.A. Goncharov, the objective world in the novel.
Lesson type: art lesson.
Type of lesson: a lesson in in-depth work on the text of the work.
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (with elements of artistic reading, discussion).
The purpose of the lesson: analyze "Oblomov's Dream", revealing those aspects of the life of the Oblomovites that influenced the formation of the dual nature of the hero (on the one hand, poetic consciousness, on the other - inactivity, apathy, laziness of life).
Tasks:
1. Cognitive:
- Recall with students the function of sleep in a work of art; give examples of previously studied works in which a dream was present.
- To acquaint students with the compositional feature of using "Oblomov's Dream".
- To identify the positive and negative features of the life of the Oblomovites, which influenced the character of Ilya Ilyich.
2. Developing:
- The development of attention.
- Development of thinking.
- The development of the imagination.
- The development of oral speech.
3. Educational:
- Raising a love for literature lessons.
- Raising interest in Russian traditions, features of the Russian national character.
Equipment: a portrait of I.A. Goncharov, a cassette with excerpts from the film by N. Mikhalkov “Six days in the life of Oblomov”.
Design: a portrait of I.A. Goncharov is attached to the board, the first part of the topic and questions that students will answer during the lesson are recorded.
During the classes:
I. Introductory stage:
Teacher's word: Today we have to get acquainted with a very significant chapter in the context of the novel, which is called "Oblomov's Dream". In addition, we will find out the compositional feature of its use, identify the features of the life of the Oblomovites, which influenced the formation of the character of Ilya Ilyich.
Conversation (about the tradition of using sleep in literature):
Note: Y - teacher's question; y is the student's answer.
U: Let's remember in what works we studied earlier there was a dream?
at: A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" - Tatyana's dream.
with: A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Petrusha Grinev's dream.
at: "Ballads" by V. Zhukovsky.
*U - teacher's question; y is the student's answer.
W: Yes, you are absolutely right. And what, in your opinion, is the function of sleep in these works, why do the authors use them?
y: Through a dream, the features of the inner world of the character are revealed, the thoughts, fears of the characters are reflected here, in a distorted form, the future can also be represented in dreams.
U: And let's think about what is the peculiarity of the compositional use of sleep in the novel Oblomov?
u: The dream represents Oblomov's childhood, but Goncharov does not begin the novel with a description of childhood, but transfers it to chapter 9. Thus, the hero is first presented to us, and then only his personality is revealed.
II. Analysis of the work:
Teacher's word: And now let's move on to the consideration of "Sleep". Now we will hear the description of Oblomovka, which opens the "Dream". Let's try to find in it meaningful words, epithets (definitions that give the expression imagery and emotionality), with which the author conveys his attitude to this place.
Artistic reading of the passage by the student:
"Where are we? To what blessed corner of the earth did Oblomov's dream take us? What a wonderful land! No, really, there is a sea, there are no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy ...
The sky there, it seems, presses closer to the earth, but not in order to throw stronger arrows, but only to hug her tighter, with love: it spreads so low overhead, like a parent’s reliable roof, to protect, it seems, the chosen one corner from any misfortune.
The sun shines brightly and hotly there for about half a year and then leaves from there not suddenly, as if reluctantly, as if turning back to look once or twice at his favorite place and give him in the fall, in the midst of bad weather, a clear, warm day.
The mountains there seem to be only models of those terrible mountains erected somewhere, which terrify the imagination. This is a series of gentle hills, from which it is customary to ride, frolic, on your back or, sitting on them, look in thought at the setting sun.
The river runs merrily, frolicking and playing; it either spills into a wide pond, or aspires with a quick thread, or subsides, as if in thought, and crawls a little over the pebbles, releasing frisky streams from itself on the sides, under the murmur of which it sweetly slumbers.
The whole corner of fifteen or twenty versts around presented a series of picturesque sketches, cheerful, smiling landscapes. The sandy and gently sloping banks of a bright river, a small bush creeping up from the hill to the water, a twisted ravine with a stream at the bottom, and a birch grove - everything seemed to be deliberately tidied up one to one and masterfully drawn.
Exhausted by worries or not at all familiar with them, the heart asks to hide in this corner forgotten by everyone and live in happiness unknown to anyone. Everything promises there a calm, long-term life to the yellowness of the hair and an imperceptible, sleep-like death.
The student highlights epithets and significant words, the rest complement him: a blessed corner; wonderful edge; favorite place; picturesque sketches; cheerful, smiling landscapes, everything is quiet and sleepy, etc.
U: Make a conclusion about what this place was in Oblomov's life.
Y: This is an ideal place, a paradise for Oblomov.
Teacher's word: And now let's turn to real life in Oblomovka. And let's see if everything in it is really as perfect as it is presented in the description.
In order to recall the key aspects of the life of the Oblomovites, we will watch excerpts from N. Mikhalkov's film "Six Days in the Life of Oblomov". I ask you to divide into two teams, the task of one team will be to find positive moments in Oblomov's life, and the other - negative, negative moments. And in order to make it easier for you to highlight aspects, I suggest you pay attention to 3 areas:
- Picture of the world.
- Philosophy of life.
- Child education.
And then, using examples from the film and supplementing them with examples from the text, we will answer the question: “Can we really call Oblomovka paradise and why?”
Viewing episodes from the movie:
- Ilyusha's curiosity.
- Mismanagement of the Oblomovites.
- A comprehensive sleep like death.
- Repetitive, fruitless evenings. A unifying beginning in laughter.
- Prayer.
A discussion between two groups of students. The results of the discussion are drawn up in notebooks and on the board in the form of the following table.
| "+" Oblomov life | "-" Oblomov life |
Picture of the world |
|
1. The unity of people with nature, nature is anthropomorphic, a person has no fear of it.
|
|
Philosophy of life. |
|
| 1. A measured, calm life, where, as in nature, there are no cataclysms. Death, which comes imperceptibly, is also perceived as a natural process. 2. There is no place for evil in Oblomovka, the biggest evil is "stealing peas in the gardens." |
|
|
|
| 1. Mother's love. 2. Formation of a poetic spirituality in a child with the help of fairy tales, folklore. |
|
Teacher's word: So, we have reflected in our table the opposite sides of Oblomovka's life. And most often, the hero of the novel himself was evaluated, only taking into account one side that influenced his life. Here are two statements by critics, what side did they take in Oblomov?
N. Dobrolyubov: “In Goncharov's book, we see a living modern Russian type, minted with merciless rigor and correctness. What are the features of Oblomov's character? In complete inertia, which comes from apathy towards everything that is happening in the world ... "
A.V. Druzhinin: “The sleepy Oblomov, a native of the sleepy and yet poetic Oblomovka, is free from moral illnesses ... He is not infected with worldly debauchery. A child by nature and by the conditions of his development, Ilya Ilyich in many ways left behind the purity and simplicity of a child, which put the dreamy eccentric above the prejudices of his age.
W: Which of these researchers do you think is right?
Students come to the conclusion that both of these sides are in Oblomov's personality and neither one nor the other can be excluded or absolutized.
III. Lesson Summary:
The class comes up with a topic for the lesson that would reflect the bidirectional nature of Oblomov's essence. (For example, "Oblomov's dream is the world of a sleepy and poetic soul.")
The pinnacle of creativity of the talented Russian prose writer and critic of the 19th century Ivan Goncharov was the novel Oblomov, published in 1859 in the journal Domestic Notes. His epic scale of the artistic study of the life of the Russian nobility in the mid-nineteenth century allowed this work to occupy one of the central places in Russian literature.
Characteristics of the main character
The protagonist of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a young (32-33 years old) Russian nobleman, idly and carefree living on his estate. He has a pleasant appearance, the main feature of which is softness in all his features and the main expression of his soul.
His favorite activity is to lie listlessly on the couch and waste time in empty thoughts and dreamy reflections. Moreover, the complete absence of any actions is his conscious choice, because once he had a position in the department and was waiting for promotion on the career ladder. But then he got bored with it and left everything, making his ideal a carefree life filled with sleepy peace and tranquility, as in childhood.
(Old faithful servant Zakhar)
Oblomov is distinguished by sincerity, gentleness and kindness, he did not even lose such a valuable moral quality as conscience. He is far from evil or bad deeds, but at the same time it is impossible to confidently say that he is a positive hero. Goncharov painted the reader a terrible picture of Oblomov's spiritual desolation and his moral decay. The old and faithful servant Zakhar is a mirror reflection of the character of his young master. He is just as lazy and sloppy, devoted to the depths of his soul to his master and also shares with him the philosophy of his life.
One of the main storylines in the novel, which perfectly reveals the character of the protagonist, is Oblomov's love relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. Romantic feelings for this young and sweet lady that suddenly flared up in Oblomov's heart arouse in him an interest in spiritual life, he begins to be interested in art and the mental demands of his time. Thus, there is a ray of hope that Oblomov can return to a normal human life. Love reveals in him new, previously unknown traits of his character, inspires and inspires a new life.
But in the end, the feeling of love for this pure and highly moral girl becomes a bright, but very short-term flash in the measured and monotonous life of the couch potato master. Illusions are dispelled very quickly, from the fact that they can be together, they are too unlike Olga, he can never become the one she wants to see next to her. There is a natural breakdown in relations. In the process of choosing between romantic dates and a serene sleepy state in which he lived most of his conscious life, Oblomov chooses the usual and favorite option for him to do nothing. And only in the house of Agafya Pshenitsina, surrounded by such usual care and an idle, carefree life, he finds his ideal refuge, where his life ends quietly and imperceptibly.
The image of the main character in the work
After its release, the novel received close attention from critics and readers alike. By the name of the protagonist of this work (at the initiative of the famous literary critic Dobrolyubov), the whole concept of "Oblomovism" appeared, which later acquired a wide historical significance. It is described as a real disease of modern Russian society, when young and full of strength people of noble birth are busy with reflection and apathy, they are afraid to change anything in their lives and prefer lazy and idle living instead of action and struggle for their happiness.
According to Dobrolyubov, the image of Oblomov is a symbol of serf society in Russia in the 19th century. The origins of his “disease” lie precisely in the serf system, in the technical backwardness of the economy, in the process of exploitation and humiliation of forced peasant slaves. Goncharov revealed to the readers the whole path of the formation of Oblomov's character and his complete moral degradation, which applies not only to one individual representative of the nobility, but to the entire nation as a whole. Oblomov's path, sadly, is the path of the majority of people who do not have a specific goal in life and are absolutely useless for society.
Even such noble and lofty feelings as friendship and love could not break this vicious circle of laziness and idleness, so one can only sympathize with Oblomov that he did not find the strength to cast off the shackles of sleep and live a new, full life.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov - the main character of the novel by I. A. Goncharov - is a collective image of Russian landowners. It presents all the vices of the noble society of the times of serfdom: not just laziness and idleness, but taking it for granted.
Ilya Ilyich all day long
He spends in inactivity: he does not even have a public service, he does not go to the theater, he does not go to visit. It would seem that a person living such a useless life can only be called a negative hero. But even at the beginning of the novel, Goncharov makes us understand that this is not so: Oblomov mentions Andrei Stolz, his childhood friend, who more than once rescued Ilya Ilyich and settled his affairs. If Oblomov did not represent himself as a person, then with such a lifestyle he would hardly have maintained such a close friendship with Stolz.
What made the German take care of Oblomov and try to “save” him from “Oblomovism” even after so many years of futile attempts? The first part of the novel, the scene of Oblomov's meeting with "friends", will help to understand this. All of them continue to visit Ilya Ilyich, but each for his own needs. They come, talk about their lives, and leave without listening to the owner of the hospitable house; so Volkov leaves, and Sudbinsky also leaves. The writer Penkin leaves, trying to advertise his article, which undoubtedly caused success among society, but did not interest Oblomov at all. Alekseev leaves; he seems to be a grateful listener, but a listener without his own opinion; a listener who is not interested in Oblomov himself, not the personality of the speaker, but his presence. Tarantiev also leaves - he generally came to benefit from the kindness of Ilya Ilyich.
But at the same time, one feature of Oblomov can be noticed - he not only receives guests, but also notices their shortcomings. Life in inaction made Oblomov reasonable and calm; he looks at everything from the outside and notices all the vices of his generation, which young people usually take for granted. Oblomov does not see the point in haste, he does not care about rank and money; he knows how to reason and realistically assess the situation. Ilya Ilyich did not have a passion for reading, therefore he did not know how to talk beautifully and intelligently about politics or literature, but at the same time he subtly noticed the current state of affairs in society. Lying on the couch was not only Oblomov’s vice, but also his salvation from the “rottenness” of society - having renounced the bustle of the world around him, Ilya Ilyich reached true values in his thoughts.
But, alas, no matter how Oblomov talked about how to live, no matter how he reproached himself for lying on the couch, he still could not inspire himself to at least some action, and Oblomov’s ideas remained inside him. Therefore, Ilya Ilyich cannot be called a positive hero, just as it cannot be called a negative one.
Stolz, in contrast to Oblomov, is a man of action. He thinks narrowly and cynically, not allowing himself free thoughts and dreams. Stoltz clearly thinks out the plan, evaluates his capabilities, and only then makes a decision and follows it. But he can not be called a positive or negative hero. Both Stolz and Oblomov are two different types of people, a driving and thinking force that can only support humanity together. I believe that the essence of the novel "Oblomov" is not to eradicate "Oblomovism", but to direct its strengths into acting hands. During the time of serfdom, “Oblomovism” was strong: the inaction and laziness of the landlords, who left labor to the peasants and knew only fun in life. But now, I think, the big problem is the “Stoltsy”, people who are active, but not able to think as deeply as Oblomov.
In society, both the Oblomovs, who are able to make the right decisions, and the Stolts, who implement these decisions, are important. And only with the equal presence of both of them is it possible to improve society.
Essays on topics:
- The name of the hero of the novel by Ivan Goncharov, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, has become a household name. It began to designate in Russian culture a person who leads an idle ...
- Character development can take place in a variety of ways. Often the author portrays his hero in certain circumstances and conditions, makes him pass ...
The novel "Oblomov", written by Ivan Goncharov, became one of the key ones in the literature of the 19th century, and such a concept as "Oblomovism", brilliantly revealed by Goncharov in the novel, reflected the character of the society of that time in the best possible way. When we consider the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the protagonist of the novel, the concept of "Oblomovism" will become even more understandable.
So, Ilya Oblomov was born into a landowner's family with its way of life and accepted standards. The boy grew up, absorbing the environment and the spirit of the life of the landowners. He began to consider as his priorities what he learned from his parents, and, of course, his personality was formed precisely in such circumstances.
Brief description of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov
Already at the beginning of the novel, the author introduces us to the image of Oblomov. This is an introvert experiencing apathy for everything, who indulges in his dreams and lives in illusions. Oblomov can draw a picture in his imagination so vividly and vividly, having invented it, that he himself often cries or rejoices from the bottom of his heart at those scenes that do not actually exist.
Oblomov's appearance in the novel "Oblomov" seems to reflect his inner state, his soft and sensual character traits. We can say that his body movements were smooth, graceful and gave off some tenderness unacceptable for a man. Oblomov's characteristic is pronounced: he had soft shoulders and small plump hands, had long been flabby and led an inactive lifestyle. And Oblomov's gaze - always sleepy, devoid of concentration - testifies to him more clearly than anything else!
Oblomov at home
From considering the image of Oblomov, we turn to a description of his life, which is important to understand when studying the characteristics of the protagonist. At first, reading the description of his room, one gets the impression that it is beautifully tidy and comfortable: there is a nice wooden bureau, and sofas with silk upholstery, and carpets with curtains hang, and paintings ... But now we look better at the decoration of Oblomov's room and we see cobwebs, dust on the mirrors, dirt on the carpet, and even an uncleaned plate on which lies a gnawed bone. In fact, his housing is unkempt, abandoned and sloppy.
Why is this description and its analysis so important for us in Oblomov's characterization? Because we make a significant conclusion about the main character: he does not live in reality, he plunged into the world of illusions, and life does not bother him much. For example, when meeting acquaintances, Oblomov not only does not greet them with a handshake, but he does not even deign to get out of bed.
Conclusions about the main character
Of course, the upbringing of Ilya Ilyich played an important role in the formation of his image, because he was born in the distant estate of Oblomovka, which was famous for its peaceful life. Everything there was calm and measured, from the weather to the very way of life of the locals. They were lazy people, constantly on vacation and dreaming of a hearty meal from morning to evening. But the image of Oblomov, which we see when starting to read the novel, is very different from the characterization of Oblomov in childhood.
When Ilya was a child, he was interested in everything, thought and imagined a lot, lived actively. For example, he liked to consider the world around him with its diversity, go for walks. But Ilya's parents raised him on the principle of a "greenhouse plant", they tried to protect him from everything, even from work. How did this boy grow up? What is sown, is grown. Oblomov, being an adult, did not respect work, did not want to communicate with anyone, and preferred to solve difficulties by calling a servant.
Turning to the childhood of the protagonist, it becomes clear why the image of Oblomov developed in this way, who is to blame for this. Yes, because of such an upbringing and nature of Ilya Ilyich, who was already very sensual with a good imagination, he was practically unable to solve problems and strive for something high.