Mazhanova Daria
At the heart of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is an ideological clash of two different generations, representatives of the "past century" and "present century". However, not all characters in the play can be assessed unambiguously.
Sofia Pavlovna Famusova is an extraordinary person. In the words of the author himself, she is “not stupid herself” and in many ways is opposed to noble society. This is the only character close to the main character Chatsky, who is on an equal footing with him. Sophia by nature has a lively mind, strong character, courage, independent of other people's opinions. The girl received a good education and, despite the anger of her father (“to collect all the books, but burn them”, “learning is the plague”), spends a lot of time reading. Sophia lives with a strong and real feeling, follows the dictates of her heart: “What is rumor to me? Whoever wants, so judges. Why did such a deep girl prefer the soulless careerist Molchalin to the ardent Chatsky?
Sophia was greatly influenced by the atmosphere of the Famus society that raised her. She has to build her life according to generally accepted patterns, and, like the ladies of her circle, dominating society and family, she dreams of a “servant husband”. It is precisely such a hero that Molchalin is, striving to "serve" more influential people ("should not dare to have his own opinion"). He is convenient for her, because the girl sees in him only a soft, quiet, modest, meek, without sins person. Although she is smart, she is spoiled, and Molchalin will do what she needs.
However, Sophia, who grew up on sentimental French novels, actually fell in love with her chosen one, saw a romantic hero in the insignificant Molchalin, imagined him as her ideal. “He takes his hand, presses it to his heart, He sighs from the depths of his soul, Not a free word, and so the whole night passes, Hand with hand, and does not take his eyes off me,” - this is how a young man in love should behave in her eyes. As it seems to her, she has found a suitable submissive and timid chosen one. She does not need the passionate, passionate and crazy love of Chatsky, because once he had already left her, left, leaving her bored. The girl still cannot forgive the hero for "hunting to wander": "if someone loves whom, Why look for the mind, and travel so far?" Because of this resentment, blinded by "fictitious love", Sophia does not notice the stupidity of Molchalin, turns all his vices into virtues, largely because they are opposite to Chatsky's traits. She appreciates that Molchalin "is ready to forget himself for others, the enemy of insolence is always shy, timid." Sophia understands that “there is no such mind in him,” but she does not need such a mind, because “will such a mind make the family happy?” The girl loves and therefore is deprived of the opportunity to reason sensibly, does not see that all the positive qualities that she likes so much in Molchalin are explained by his prudence and indifference, cannot distinguish his fake feeling from Chatsky's sincere love.
The image of Sophia is extremely ambiguous. Her main “woe” is that she fell in love with a person without seeing his true appearance, only under the influence of romantic works and the laws that have developed in society. So the openness, the naivety of her soul turns against herself.
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Why does Sophia prefer the fool Molchalin to the clever Chatsky?
At the heart of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is an ideological clash of two different generations, representatives of the "past century" and "present century". However, not all characters in the play can be assessed unambiguously.
Sofia Pavlovna Famusova is an extraordinary person. In the words of the author himself, she is “not stupid herself” and in many ways is opposed to noble society. This is the only character close to the main character Chatsky, who is on an equal footing with him. Sophia by nature has a lively mind, strong character, courage, independent of other people's opinions. The girl received a good education and, despite the anger of her father (“to collect all the books, but burn them”, “learning is the plague”), spends a lot of time reading. Sophia lives with a strong and real feeling,follows the dictates of his heart: “What is the rumor to me? Whoever wants, so judges ". Why did such a deep girl prefer the soulless careerist Molchalin to the ardent Chatsky?
Sophia was greatly influenced by the atmosphere of the Famus society that raised her. She has to build her life according to generally accepted patterns, and, like the ladies of her circle, dominating society and family, she dreams of a “servant husband”. It is precisely such a hero that Molchalin is, striving to "serve" more influential people ("should not dare to have his own opinion"). He is convenient for her, because the girl sees in him only a soft, quiet, modest, meek, without sins person. Although she is smart, she is spoiled, and Molchalin will do what she needs.
However, Sophia, who grew up on sentimental French novels, actually fell in love with her chosen one, saw a romantic hero in the insignificant Molchalin, imagined him as her ideal. “He takes his hand, presses it to his heart, He sighs from the depths of his soul, Not a free word, and so the whole night passes, Hand with hand, and does not take his eyes off me,” - this is how a young man in love should behave in her eyes. As it seems to her, she has found a suitable submissive and timid chosen one. She does not need the passionate, passionate and crazy love of Chatsky, because once he had already left her, left, leaving her bored. The girl still cannot forgive the hero for “hunting to wander”: “if someone loves whom, Why look for the mind, and travel so far? Because of this resentment, blinded by "fictitious love", Sophia does not notice the stupidity of Molchalin, turns all his vices into virtues, largely because they are opposite to Chatsky's traits.She appreciates that Molchalin "is ready to forget himself for others, the enemy of insolence is always shy, timid." Sophia understands that “there is no such mind in him,” but she does not need such a mind, because “will such a mind make the family happy?” The girl loves and therefore is deprived of the opportunity to reason sensibly, does not see that all the positive qualities that she likes so much in Molchalin are explained by his prudence and indifference, cannot distinguish his fake feeling from Chatsky's sincere love.
The image of Sophia is extremely ambiguous. Her main “woe” is that she fell in love with a person without seeing his true appearance, only under the influence of romantic works and the laws that have developed in society. So the openness, the naivety of her soul turns against herself.
Why did Sophia fall in love with Molchalin?
The heroine who violates the moral foundations.
Combining the features of classicism and realism in the comedy "Go", G-dov abandoned the one-sidedness in the depiction of heroes. Therefore, there are no ideal, positive characters in the play, but Chatsky, Sofya, Molchalin, Famusov and others appeared before us as living ones.
No wonder Goncharov noted and appreciated in Sophia "character traits of a lively and realistic." Sophia has her pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages. She is smart, determined, independent. It is no coincidence that even the very name of the heroine Sophia is "wise." Her speech, bright, figurative, emotional, aphoristic, corresponds to the character of a young girl ("Happy hours do not watch"). Sophia in the comedy is assigned the difficult role of repelling Chatsky's attack. In critical situations, she shows not only determination and resourcefulness.
Let us recall the episode when, in an effort to divert the attention of the priest from the presence of Molchalin in her room, she composes a dream that allegedly upset her. This dream, invented on the go, testifies to Sophia's subtle mind, her outstanding literary abilities.
Chatsky fell in love with Sophia, first of all, for her subtle mind, independence of views, independence in decision-making, in relations with people. The strong, proud character of the girl is sympathetic. Chatsky falls madly in love: "I love you without memory." It is no coincidence that, returning to Moscow from distant countries, he constantly appeals to her mind. Sophia is smart in her own way, she reads a lot (“She can’t sleep from French books”), but the subject of her reading is sentimental novels that describe love stories (their characters are poor and have no position in society).
Sophia admires their loyalty, devotion, readiness to sacrifice everything in the name of love. Under the influence of these novels, she develops an idea of \u200b\u200bthe ideal hero whom she would like to love. Sophia imagined Molchalin as such a romantic hero. Here is the external line of behavior of Molchalin alone with Sophia: "he takes his hand, presses it to his heart ...". This is how the heroes of French novels behave.
But Chatsky is not like that. Although he was in love with Sophia, he left her for three whole years and left to wander. During this time, Chatsky did not write a single line. And significant changes were taking place in Sophia, her attitude towards Chatsky was changing. The psychology of young girls is such that they need love, affection, attention, admiration. Separation, they can not endure.
The same thing happened with Sophia. But in Chatsky, love did not die out. Hence the love drama - misunderstanding of one hero by another. In the play "Go" each character draws up a life scheme for himself. Here is the main conflict according to G-dov (the conflict of life and schemes). There is nothing wrong with the fact that a young girl wants to feel like a heroine of a novel, something else is bad - she does not see the difference between romantic fiction and life, she does not know how to distinguish a true feeling from a fake. She loves, but her chosen one is serving his confession: And now I take the form of a lover In the pleasing of the daughter of such a person ...
Following literary cliches leads to a tragic denouement, bitter insight, and the collapse of ideals. Sophia has her own plan, in her family life she wants to be happy. Perhaps that is why she chose Molchalin, who can be commanded, who is so suitable for the role of "husband-boy, husband-servant." Sofya rejects Chatsky not only because of a feeling of offended female pride, but also because the independent, impudent, freedom-loving and rebellious Chatsky scares her: “Will such a mind make a family happy?” Therefore, G-dov wrote about his heroine in this way: "The girl herself is not stupid, she prefers a fool to a smart person."
At the end of the play, Chatsky accuses the heroine of forgetting "female fear and shame": And dear, for whom both the former friend and female fear and shame are forgotten - He hides behind the door, afraid to be answered. And Chatsky, and Katenin, and even Pushkin accused the heroine: "Sophia crossed the boundaries of behavior set for the young lady of her circle. She violated decency!" Sophia thus challenged the old views on love, marriage. If Chatsky shakes the social foundations, then Sophia shakes the moral ones. And the tsarist censorship forbade this play to be printed and staged not because of Chatsky's seditious speech, but because of Sophia's violation of moral standards of behavior.
Unlike Famusov, Molchalin, and other characters in the play, Sofya is not afraid of the judgment of others: "But what do I care about whom? before them? before the whole universe?" Sofya Pavlovna blames herself for her mistakes: "Don't go on, I blame myself all around." This means that this girl has a sense of responsibility for her own actions. It is worth paying attention to the fact that Chatsky, fighting for a free way of thinking, behavior, life, denies this right to Sophia. Sophia calmly keeps herself in the last scene of the comedy, when the meanness and baseness of Molchalin is revealed.
The heroine is very hard, because everything happens in the presence of Chatsky. She, a beautiful, intelligent, educated noblewoman, was preferred to a maid. But after all, Sophia is young, let's forgive the mistakes of youth, it's not for nothing that the wise Pushkin wrote in the novel "Eugene Onegin": Let's forgive the fever of youth And youthful fever and youthful delirium. In G-dov, all the heroes who set goals in life fail. A kind of "woe from the mind", if you understand the mind as a developed plan of action, the desire to mold life from someone. But life doesn't go according to plan.
The love line of the play means one simple truth, life is a secret burning, flight. G-dov, in my opinion, wrote a play about life, not about politics, and about the most important thing in life - about love. Goncharov wrote that in Sophia "there are strong inclinations of remarkable nature." And indeed it is. It is necessary to appreciate in this girl "features of a lively and realistic character." It is Sofia Pavlovna Famusova who begins the gallery of beautiful images of Russian women in our literature.
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://ilib.ru/
One of the greatest works of the first half of the 19th century is A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. In the comedy, the author posed a number of the most important problems of his time, which continue to worry humanity to this day.
The protagonist of the comedy, Chatsky, is considered both in his relationship with representatives of the Famus society, and with Sophia, whom he loves. That is why Sophia plays an important role in the comedy and her attitude not only to Chatsky, but also to Molchalin.
The image of Sophia Pavlovna is complex. By nature, she is endowed with good qualities: a strong mind and an independent character. She is able to deeply experience and sincerely love. For a girl of the noble circle, she received a good education and upbringing. The heroine is fond of reading French literature. Famusov, Sophia's father, says:
She has no sleep from French books, And it hurts me to sleep from Russians.
But, unfortunately, all these positive character traits of Sophia could not be developed in Famus society. Here is how I. A. Goncharov wrote about this in his critical study “A Million of Torments”: “It is difficult to treat Sofya Pavlovna not sympathetically: she has strong inclinations of a remarkable nature, a lively mind, passion and feminine gentleness. It is ruined in stuffiness, where not a single ray of light, not a single stream of fresh air penetrates. At the same time, Sophia is a child of her society. She drew ideas about people and about life from French sentimental novels, and it was this sentimental literature that developed dreaminess and sensitivity in Sophia. She says about Molchalin:
He takes his hand, shakes his heart,
Breathe from the depths of your soul
Not a free word, and so the whole night passes,
Hand in hand, and the eye does not take my eyes off me.
Therefore, it was not by chance that she paid attention to Molchalin, who, with his features and his behavior, reminded her of her favorite heroes. However, it cannot be said that the heroine is blinded: she is able to evaluate the chosen one sensibly and critically:
Of course, he does not have this mind,
What a genius for others, and for others a plague,
Which is fast, brilliant and soon opposes ...
Sofya loves Molchalin, but hides this from her father, who, of course, would not recognize him as a son-in-law, knowing that he is poor. The heroine sees a lot of good things in her father's secretary:
Submissive, modest, quiet,
Not a shadow of worry on your face
And there are no misdeeds in my soul,
Strangers and at random does not cut, -
That's why I love him.
Sophia also fell in love with Molchalin because she, a girl with character, needed a person in her life whom she could manage. “The desire to patronize a loved one, a poor, modest one who does not dare to raise his eyes to her, to elevate him to himself, to his circle, to give him family rights” - this is her goal, according to I. A. Goncharov.
Therefore, Chatsky, having returned to Moscow and seeing how Sophia has changed under the influence of the environment, is very worried. It was painful for him to see her like this after his three-year absence, it was hard to realize that her beloved had chosen Molchalin. Sophia is also very worried, but because of something else. She involuntarily hears Molchalin's conversation with Lisa and suddenly sees her chosen one in a different light. She realized that in fact Molchalin took the form of a lover only "to please the daughter of such a person." He needed Sophia only in order to take advantage of her influence at the right time. His goal was also to get a higher rank, so he, according to the precepts of his father, catered to "all people without exception." Perhaps someday Sophia would have found out about the true intentions of Molchalin and she would not have been so hurt. But now she had lost a man who was very suitable for the role of a boy-husband, a servant-husband. It seems that she will be able to find such a person and repeat the fate of Natalya Dmitrievna Gorich and Princess Tugoukhovskaya. She did not need a person like Chatsky, but it was he who opened her eyes to everything that was happening. And if Sophia had grown up in a different environment, she might have chosen Chatsky. But she chooses a person who suits her better, because she does not think of another hero. And in the end, according to Goncharov, “heaviest of all, even harder than Chatsky” is Sofya.
Griboedov introduced us to the heroine of the comedy as a dramatic person. This is the only character that is conceived and executed as close to Chatsky. But in the finale, when Sophia becomes an unwitting witness to Molchalin's "courtship" of Lisa, she is struck to the very heart, she is destroyed. And this is one of the most dramatic moments of the whole play.
So, in his comedy, A. S. Griboedov managed to show not only the time in which he lived, but also created unforgettable images that are interesting to the modern reader and viewer. Therefore, as Goncharov says, “Woe from Wit” is kept apart in literature and differs from other works of the word in its youthfulness, freshness and stronger vitality.
The comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov, which combines the traditions of classicism and romanticism in it, is one of the most striking works in the author's work. The play is based on a love conflict connected with the Sofya-Molchalin-Chatsky storyline. Chatsky returns to his beloved Sophia, whom he has not seen for 3 years. However, during his absence, the girl has changed. She is offended by Chatsky because he left her, left and “did not write three words”, and is in love with Father Molchalin's secretary.
So why did Sophia prefer the inconspicuous Molchalin to the brilliant Chatsky? There are a number of objective and subjective reasons for this. The first include the long absence of Chatsky, at a time when Molchalin was constantly nearby. In one of the remarks, the heroine expressed her opinion on this matter: “He thought about himself highly ... The desire to wander attacked him, ah! If someone loves whom, why travel so far? Also, objective reasons include the fact that it was easier to love Molchalin in such a society than Chatsky. Compliance, modesty, silence, the ability to serve could help to survive in such an environment. And the mind, freethinking, any word spoken against the foundations, doomed Chatsky to failure in the Famus society. As the hero said: "Silents rule the world."
One of the brightest subjective reasons is Sophia's passion for novels. “She has no sleep from French books” (Famusov). The lover-servant is a "perfect romance", as if from French books. Chatsky humiliates the chosen one of the heroine, thereby causing her displeasure, and after that she starts a rumor about his madness.
Showing a love conflict, the author reveals the characters (Sofya, Chatsky, Molchalin). The finale of the play is dramatic - having learned the truth, the characters realize their mistakes, but it is already too late. Although Sophia preferred the inconspicuous Molchalin to the brilliant Chatsky, she was disappointed in this choice due to the fact that her lover turned out to be a scoundrel.
C1- What is the feeling of A.T. Tvardovsky’s attitude towards young “guys”?
The attitude of A.T. Tvardovsky to young "guys" is filled with a sense of patriotism. The author distinguishes such qualities of a Russian soldier as decisiveness, courage and heroism. The comparison helps to reveal this: "The pontoons went like rafts, one rumbled, the other in a bass, iron tone, like a roof under one's foot." The author also refers to history, drawing an analogy between the guys and their predecessors: “Fighters live in the war, as their comrades-fathers ever did in the twentieth”, “They go the harsh way that a Russian worker walked with a flintlock gun two hundred years ago -soldier". Through the images of young soldiers, A.T. Tvardovsky shows the decisiveness and patriotism of a Russian person who is ready for anything, even death, for the sake of his homeland.
In Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit, Sofia Famusova chose Molchalin, although she had previously been in love with Chatsky.
This happened for several reasons. Chatsky left Russia for three years. During all this time, he did not write a single letter to Sophia. Sophia was at the age when girls fall in love. Molchalin lived and worked in her house at that time. It was him that Sophia chose. She could easily meet him secretly from her father. Sophia saw in Molchalin an ideal husband and father. She saw that her father was actively promoting him in his service, that Molchalin received a title of nobility. He does not argue with others, he knows how to find an approach to any person. He was able to confuse Sophia's head so that she does not notice his shortcomings. She sees in him only the virtues that she herself endowed him with. In Chatsky, she is annoyed by his wit, his jokes, the barbs that he releases against Molchalin. She, like her father, believes that it will be impossible to go out in marriage with Chatsky. After all, he says what he thinks, does not want to curry favor with anyone. There will be no peace with him.
Sophia does not need such a husband. After all, it will be much more convenient for her to command Molchalin, and Chatsky will not tolerate such an attitude.