Description of the presentation Stylistic diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries B according to the slides
In Europe, the process of separation of countries and peoples has been completed. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. The scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 17th century finally shook the image of the universe, in the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were reflected in the development of art. The 17th-18th centuries is one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of baroque, rococo, classicism and realism, which saw the world in a new way.
ARTISTIC STYLES Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Manneris and Baroque Classics and Rococo Realism
MANERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a trend in Western European art of the 16th century. , reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness of artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. gal. , London
Characteristic features of the style Mannerism (artsy): Sophistication. pretentiousness. Image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Shape lengthening. Instability and complexity of poses.
If in the art of the Renaissance a person is the lord and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the world chaos. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts. El Greco "Laocoon", 1604 -
The Uffizi Gallery of the Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; using architectonically unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer to feel uneasy. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is sustained in a mannerist spirit.
BAROQUE Baroque (Italian barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries. in European art. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. pretentiousness. Curvature of forms. Brightness of colors. An abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.
The main features of the Baroque are splendor, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Church of the Sign of the Virgin in Dubrovitsy. 1690 -1704. Moscow.
It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative art. This desire for a synthesis of the arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque. Versailles
CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - "exemplary" - an artistic trend in European art of the 17th-19th centuries. , focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.
The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal ones, the subordination of feelings to duty, the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin "The Shepherds of Arcadia". 1638 -1639 Louvre, Paris
In painting, the logical unfolding of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors have acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain "Departure of the Queen of Sheba" The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.
In the countries of Europe, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, was reborn in the neoclassical trends of the 19th - 20th centuries. The works of classicist architecture were distinguished by the strict organization of geometric lines, the clarity of volumes, and the regularity of planning.
ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. Fancifulness of lines, ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtatiousness.
Originating in France, rococo in the field of architecture was mainly reflected in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticated and sophisticated forms. Amalienburg near Munich.
The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, was developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau "Departure for the island of Cythera" (1721) Fragonard "Swing" (1767)
REALISM The real of the serpent (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Concreteness. Simplicity. Naturalness.
Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in 1855 in Paris. realism was divided into two main areas - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornan". 1849 -1850
Realistic painting has become widespread outside of France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia it was known as Wanderers. I. E. Repin. "Barge haulers on the Volga" (1873)
Conclusions: In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Diverse in their manifestations, they nevertheless possessed unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of the life of society and man. It is impossible to unequivocally express what changes happened by the 17th century in the attitude of people. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, the environment and the reflection of the world in motion become the main thing for the art of the 17th - 18th centuries.
References: 1. Danilova GI World artistic culture. Grade 11. - M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: 1. Solodovnikov Yu. A. World artistic culture. Grade 11. - M.: Education, 2010. 2. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7. - M .: Avanta +, 1999. 3. http: //ru. wikipedia. org/
Perform test tasks: Each question has several possible answers. Correct, in your opinion, answers should be noted 1. Place the epochs, styles, trends in art listed below in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) the Renaissance; d) Realism; e) Antiquity; f) Mannerism; g) Rococo
2. Country - the birthplace of the Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.
6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. Works of this style are distinguished by the intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque.
8. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 9. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix b) Poussin; c) Repin. 10. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14th-16th centuries. b) 15-16 century. c) 17th century (late 16th -mid 18th century). 11. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets
12. Match the works with styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo
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Art critic A.A. Anikst noted: “confidence in the imminent and inevitable triumph of the positive principles of life disappears. The feeling of its tragic contradictions is aggravated. The former faith gives way to skepticism. The humanists themselves no longer trust reason as a good force. Able to renew life. They also have doubts about the nature of man - whether good principles really dominate in it.
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Stylistic diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism
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Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style) is a trend in European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the High Renaissance. The main aesthetic criterion is not following nature. The mannerists distorted the harmonious principle inherent in them, cultivating ideas about the precariousness of human destiny, which is in the power of irrational forces. The works of these masters are distinguished by sharp color and light-and-shadow dissonances, complexity and exaggerated expressiveness of poses and movement motifs, elongated proportions of figures, virtuoso drawing, where the line outlining the volume acquires an independent meaning. G. Arcimboldo El Greco El Greco Christ Carrying the Cross
slide 5
P. Rubens. Marchioness Brigitte Spinola Doria Renbrant. "Christ during a storm on the Sea of Galilee" V.V. Rastrelli. Ambassadorial Staircase Baroque (Italian barocco, literally - bizarre, strange), one of the dominant styles in the architecture and art of Europe and Latin America in the late 16th - mid-18th centuries. Baroque embodied new ideas about the unity, infinity and diversity of the world, about its dramatic complexity and eternal variability; his aesthetics was built on the collision of man and the world, ideal and sensual principles, reason and irrationalism. Baroque art is characterized by grandiosity, pomp and dynamics, intensity of feelings, passion for spectacular spectacle, the combination of illusory and real, strong contrasts of scales and rhythms, materials and textures, light and shadow.
slide 6
Bryullov Karl. The last day of Pompeii Bryullov Karl. Narcissus Looking into the Water by Nicolas Poussin. Triumph of Neptune Poussin Nicolas Classicism, an artistic style in European art of the 17th-early 19th century, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to the forms of ancient art as an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard. The principles of rationalistic philosophy underlying classicism determined the view of theorists and practitioners of the classical style on a work of art as a fruit of reason and logic, triumphing over the chaos and fluidity of sensually perceived life. In Classicism painting, line and chiaroscuro became the main elements of form modeling, local color clearly reveals the plasticity of figures and objects, and separates the spatial plans of the picture.
Slide 7
Pompeo Batoni Diana and Cupid Watteau Antoine Dance of Sebastian Ricci Abraham and three angels Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative shell-shaped motif), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Passion for exquisite and complex shapes, bizarre lines, much like the silhouette of a shell. Subtle transfusions of color and at the same time somewhat faded in color rococo painting. Complicated love affairs, fleeting hobbies, daring, risky, socially challenging actions of a person, adventures, fantasies. Rococo artists were characterized by a subtle culture of color, the ability to build a composition with continuous decorative spots, the achievement of general lightness, emphasized by a light palette, a preference for faded, silvery-bluish, golden and pink hues.
Slide 8
Realism (from French realisme, from Latin realis - material) - in art in a broad sense, a truthful, objective, comprehensive reflection of reality by specific means inherent in the types of artistic creativity. The common features of the method of realism is the reliability in the reproduction of reality. Accuracy, concreteness, unbiased perception of life, attention to common folk types, a heartfelt perception of life and nature, simplicity and naturalness of human feelings. Ilya Repin Barge haulers on the Volga
Slide 9
In the art of the XVII-XVIII centuries. there were different artistic styles. Diverse in their manifestations, they had a deep inner unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of life and society.
slide 1
Stylistic diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries
Prepared by the teacher of fine arts and MHC MKOU SOSH p. Brutus Guldaeva S.M.
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In Europe, the process of separation of countries and peoples has been completed. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. The scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 17th century finally shook the image of the universe, in the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were reflected in the development of art. The 17th-18th centuries is one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of baroque, rococo, classicism and realism, which saw the world in a new way.
slide 3
ARTISTIC STYLES
Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era.
Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism
slide 4
MANNERISM
Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a trend in Western European art of the 16th century, which reflected the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness of artistic solutions.
El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London
slide 5
Characteristic features of the style Mannerism (artsy):
Sophistication. pretentiousness. Image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Shape lengthening. Instability and complexity of poses.
slide 6
If in the art of the Renaissance a person is the lord and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the world chaos. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts.
El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614
Slide 7
Uffizi Gallery
Palazzo del Te in Mantua
Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; using architectonically unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer to feel uneasy. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is sustained in a mannerist spirit.
Slide 8
BAROQUE
Baroque (Italian barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries. in European art. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.
Slide 9
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE:
Pomp. pretentiousness. Curvature of forms. Brightness of colors. An abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.
Slide 10
The main features of the Baroque are splendor, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, a combination of reality and fantasy.
Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
Church of the Sign of the Virgin in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.
slide 11
It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative art. This desire for a synthesis of the arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque.
Versailles
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CLASSICISM
Classicism from lat. classicus - "exemplary" - an artistic trend in European art of the 17th-19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics.
Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).
slide 13
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM:
Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.
Slide 14
The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal ones, the subordination of feelings to duty, the idealization of heroic images.
N. Poussin "The Shepherds of Arcadia". 1638 -1639 Louvre, Paris
slide 15
In painting, the logical unfolding of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors have acquired the main importance.
Claude Lorrain "Departure of the Queen of Sheba"
The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.
slide 16
In the countries of Europe, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, was reborn in the neoclassical trends of the 19th - 20th centuries.
The works of classicist architecture were distinguished by the strict organization of geometric lines, the clarity of volumes, and the regularity of planning.
Slide 17
ROCOCO
Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative shell-shaped motif), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century.
Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto
Slide 18
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO:
Refinement and complexity of forms. Fancifulness of lines, ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtatiousness.
Slide 19
Originating in France, rococo in the field of architecture was mainly reflected in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticated and sophisticated forms.
Amalienburg near Munich.
Slide 20
The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, was developed in decorative and easel chamber forms.
Antoine Watteau "Departure for the island of Cythera" (1721)
Fragonard "Swing" (1767)
slide 21
REALISM
Realism (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s.
Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)
slide 22
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM:
Objectivity. Accuracy. Concreteness. Simplicity. Naturalness.
slide 23
Thomas Eakins. "Max Schmitt in a Boat" (1871)
The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition "Pavilion of Realism" in 1855 in Paris. realism was divided into two main areas - naturalism and impressionism.
Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornan". 1849-1850
slide 24
Realistic painting has become widespread outside of France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia it was known as Wanderers.
I. E. Repin. "Barge haulers on the Volga" (1873)
Slide 25
Conclusions:
In the art of the 17th-18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Diverse in their manifestations, they nevertheless possessed unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of the life of society and man. It is impossible to unequivocally express what changes happened by the 17th century in the attitude of people. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, the environment and the reflection of the world in movement become the main thing for the art of the 17th - 18th centuries.
slide 26
References: 1. Danilova G.I. World Art. Grade 11. - M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: Solodovnikov Yu.A. World Art. Grade 11. - M .: Education, 2010. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7.- M.: Avanta+, 1999. http://ru.wikipedia.org/
Slide 27
Run test tasks:
For each question, there are several possible answers. Correct, in your opinion, answers should be marked (underline or put a plus sign). For each correct answer you get one point. The maximum amount of points is 30. The amount of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test.
Arrange the epochs, styles, trends in art listed below in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo
Slide 28
2. Country - the birthplace of the Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.
Slide 29
6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. The works of this style are distinguished by the tension of the images, the mannered sophistication of the form, the sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque. 8. Insert the architectural style “Architecture ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, fusion, fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms. There are often deployed large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors "a) Gothic b) Romanesque style c) Baroque
slide 30
9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14-16 centuries. b) 15-16 century. c) 17th century (late 16th-mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets
Slide 31
13. Match the works with styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo
1
2
3
4
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In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. The presentation gives a brief description of the styles. The material corresponds to Danilova's textbook "World Artistic Culture" grade 11.
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Stylistic diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries Brutus Guldaeva S.M.
In Europe, the process of separation of countries and peoples has been completed. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. The scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 17th century finally shook the image of the universe, in the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were reflected in the development of art. The 17th-18th centuries is one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of baroque, rococo, classicism and realism, which saw the world in a new way.
ARTISTIC STYLES Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism
MANERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a trend in Western European art of the 16th century, which reflected the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness of artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London
Characteristic features of the style Mannerism (artsy): Sophistication. pretentiousness. Image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Shape lengthening. Instability and complexity of poses.
If in the art of the Renaissance a person is the lord and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the world chaos. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts. El Greco "Laocoon", 1604-1614
The Uffizi Gallery of the Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; using architectonically unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer to feel uneasy. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is sustained in a mannerist spirit.
BAROQUE Baroque (Italian barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries. in European art. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. pretentiousness. Curvature of forms. Brightness of colors. An abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.
The main features of the Baroque are splendor, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela Church of the Sign of the Virgin in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.
It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative art. This desire for a synthesis of the arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque. Versailles
CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - "exemplary" - an artistic trend in European art of the 17th-19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.
The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal ones, the subordination of feelings to duty, the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin "The Shepherds of Arcadia". 1638 -1639 Louvre, Paris
In painting, the logical unfolding of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors have acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain "Departure of the Queen of Sheba" The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.
In the countries of Europe, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, was reborn in the neoclassical trends of the 19th - 20th centuries. The works of classicist architecture were distinguished by the strict organization of geometric lines, the clarity of volumes, and the regularity of planning.
ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. Fancifulness of lines, ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtatiousness.
Originating in France, rococo in the field of architecture was mainly reflected in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticated and sophisticated forms. Amalienburg near Munich.
The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, was developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau "Departure for the island of Cythera" (1721) Fragonard "Swing" (1767)
REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Concreteness. Simplicity. Naturalness.
Thomas Eakins. "Max Schmitt in a boat" (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition "Pavilion of Realism" in 1855 in Paris. realism was divided into two main areas - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornan". 1849-1850
Realistic painting has become widespread outside of France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia it was known as Wanderers. I. E. Repin. "Barge haulers on the Volga" (1873)
Conclusions: In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Diverse in their manifestations, they nevertheless possessed unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of the life of society and man. It is impossible to unequivocally express what changes happened by the 17th century in the attitude of people. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, the environment and the reflection of the world in motion become the main thing for the art of the 17th - 18th centuries.
References: 1. Danilova G.I. World Art. Grade 11. - M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: Solodovnikov Yu.A. World Art. Grade 11. - M .: Education, 2010. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7.- M.: Avanta+, 1999. http://ru.wikipedia.org/
Perform test tasks: Each question has several possible answers. Correct, in your opinion, answers should be marked (underline or put a plus sign). For each correct answer you get one point. The maximum amount of points is 30. The amount of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test. Arrange the epochs, styles, trends in art listed below in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo
2. Country - the birthplace of the Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.
6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. Works of this style are distinguished by the intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque. 8. Insert the architectural style “Architecture ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, fusion, fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms. There are often deployed large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors "a) Gothic b) Romanesque style c) Baroque
9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14-16 centuries. b) 15-16 century. c) 17th century (late 16th-mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets
13. Match the works with styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo 1 2 3 4