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At first, Turgenev wanted to become a poet. In 1834, as a third-year student, he wrote the dramatic poem "Steno" in iambic pentameter. The young author showed these pen tests to his teacher, professor of Russian literature P. A. Pletnev. During one of the lectures, Pletnev analyzed this poem quite strictly, without disclosing its authorship, but at the same time he also admitted that “there is something” in the writer. These words prompted the young poet to write a number of more poems, two of which Pletnev published in 1838 in the Sovremennik magazine, of which he was the editor. They were published under the signature "....v". The debut poems were "Evening" and "To Venus Mediciy".

Turgenev in his 3rd year at St. Petersburg University

Slide 7

In 1843, Turgenev entered the service of an official in the "special office" of the Minister of the Interior, where he served for two years. In the same year, an acquaintance with Belinsky and his entourage took place. Turgenev's social and literary views during this period were determined mainly by the influence of Belinsky. Turgenev published his poems, poems, dramatic works, novels. The critic guided his work with his assessments and friendly advice.

Turgenev official

Slide 8

I. S. Turgenev was sent home in 1852 for publishing an obituary about N. V. Gogol, contrary to the prohibition of the authorities.

Those. he writes about the death of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol

Slide 9

Turgenev's prose

Fathers and Sons

Hunter's Notes

Bezhin meadow

Burmister

Two landowners

living relics

Speaking of Shakespeare

Slide 10

Turgenev's poetry

Foggy morning, gray morning...

spring evening

Man, how many

End of life

K A.S. (I knew you..)

V.N.V. (When on a spring day...)

The storm has passed

Vocation

Wandering over the lake

Where does the silence come from?

Hourglass

slide 11

Let's pass the test according to Turgenev

Years of Turgenev's life

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2) Question: where was Turgenev born?

B) Petersburg

D) Yasnaya Polyana

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3) Turgenev graduated?

A) Petersburg University

B) Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

B) Nizhyn gymnasium

D) Simbirsk University

slide 15

5. Ivan Turgenev served as an official for several years in:

A) Ministry of the Interior

B) College of Foreign Affairs

B) city court

D) Embassies abroad

slide 16

6. Why was I. S. Turgenev exiled to his native village under police supervision in 1852?

slide 1

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818 -1883)
biography

slide 2

early years
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born on October 28 (November 9), 1818 in the city of Orel. His family, both maternal and paternal, belonged to the noble class. The first education in Turgenev's biography was received at the Spassky-Lutovinovo estate. The boy was taught to read and write by German and French teachers. Since 1827 the family moved to Moscow. Then Turgenev's training took place in private boarding schools in Moscow, after which - at Moscow University. Without graduating from it, Turgenev transferred to the philosophical faculty of St. Petersburg University. He also studied abroad, after which he traveled around Europe.
I.S. Turgenev at the age of 7 years. Unknown painter.

slide 4

The beginning of the literary path
In 1841, having returned to Russia, he was engaged in scientific activities, wrote a dissertation and received a master's degree in philology. Then, when the craving for science cooled down, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev served as an official in the Ministry of the Interior until 1844. In 1843, Turgenev met Belinsky, they struck up friendly relations. Under the influence of Belinsky, new poems by Turgenev, poems, stories are created, printed, among which are: Parasha, Pop, Breter and Three Portraits.

slide 5

The heyday of creativity
Since 1847, at the invitation of Nekrasov, his Modern Notes and the first chapters of the Hunter's Notes (Khor and Kalinich) have been published in the transformed Sovremennik magazine, which brought great success to the author, and he began work on the rest of the stories about hunting . Work in Sovremennik brought Turgenev many interesting acquaintances; Dostoevsky, Goncharov, Ostrovsky, Fet and other famous writers were also published in the magazine.

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The heyday of creativity
In 1847, together with his friend Belinsky, he went abroad, where he witnessed the February Revolution in France. In the late 40s and early 50s, he was actively involved in dramaturgy, writing the plays “Where it is thin, it breaks there” and “The Freeloader” (both 1848), “The Bachelor” (1849), “A Month in the Country” (1850) , "Provincial" (1851), which are staged on theater stages and are a success with the public.

Slide 7

The heyday of creativity
Turgenev translated the works of Byron and Shakespeare into Russian, from them he learned the skill of mastering literary techniques. In August 1852, one of Turgenev's most important books, Notes of a Hunter, was published. After Gogol's death, Turgenev wrote an obituary, for which Ivan Sergeevich was sent into exile for two years in his native village. There is an opinion that the real reason for the exile was the writer's radical views, as well as the sympathetic attitude towards the serfs, which he expressed in his work.

Slide 8

The heyday of creativity
During his exile, Turgenev wrote the story "Mumu" (1852). Then, after the death of Nicholas I, the most famous works of Turgenev appeared in print: Rudin (1856), The Noble Nest (1859), On the Eve (1860) and Fathers and Sons (1862). Other famous works of the writer include: the novels "Smoke" (1867) and "Nov" (1877), novels and stories "The Diary of a Superfluous Man" (1849), "Bezhin Meadow" (1851), "Asya" (1858), "Spring Waters" (1872) and many others. In the autumn of 1855, Turgenev met Leo Tolstoy, who soon published the story "Cutting the Forest" with a dedication to I. S. Turgenev.

Slide 9

Last years
Since 1863, he left for Germany, where he met with outstanding writers of Western Europe, promoted Russian literature. He works as an editor and consultant, he is engaged in translations from Russian into German and French and vice versa. He becomes the most popular and read Russian writer in Europe. And in 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.

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Last years
It was thanks to the efforts of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev that the best works of Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy were translated. It is worth briefly noting that in the biography of Ivan Turgenev in the late 1870s and early 1880s, his popularity rapidly increased, both at home and abroad. And critics began to rank him among the best writers of the century.

Kryazheva Elena Anatolyevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, School No. 48 of the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg IVAN SERGEEVICH TURGENEV LIFE AND CREATIVITY Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

• Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich
(1818 - 1883) - famous Russian writer.
• Born October 28, 1818 in Orel. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich, a retired cuirassier colonel, was a remarkably handsome man, insignificant in his moral and mental qualities.
• Mother, nee Lutovinova, a wealthy landowner; in her estate Spasskoe-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer, who early learned to subtly feel nature and hate serfdom, passed.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich

Turgenev at the age of 12 and 20

• One of the strongest impressions of early youth (1833), falling in love with Princess E. L. Shakhovskaya, who at that time was having an affair with Turgenev's father, was reflected in the story First Love (1860).

E. L. Shakhovskaya

Moscow University 19th century Moscow University 19th century Moscow University in the 21st century

• In May 1838, Turgenev went to Germany (the desire to complete his education was combined with the rejection of the Russian way of life based on serfdom). Until August 1839, Turgenev lives in Berlin, listens to lectures at the university, studies classical languages, writes poetry, communicates with T. N. Granovsky, N. V. Stankevich.
• After a short stay in Russia in January 1840 he went to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he was again in Berlin. Arriving in Russia in January 1843, Turgenev entered the service of the Ministry of the Interior.

Pauline Viardot (Viardot Garcia)

• November 1, 1843 Turgenev meets the singer Pauline Viardot (Viardot Garcia), love for which will largely determine the external course of his life.

The most significant work of the young Turgenev - cycle of essays "Notes of a hunter" (1847-1852), condemning serfdom. This book had a great influence on the development of Russian literature and brought the writer worldwide fame.

The same sentiments are imbued with the novels Mumu (1854) and Inn (1855) adjoining the Notes.

From 1847, Turgenev completely stopped writing poetry, except for a few small comic letters to friends and "ballads". Until July 1856, Turgenev lives in Russia: in the winter, mainly in St. Petersburg, in the summer in Spassky. acquaintances with I. A. Goncharov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. N. Ostrovsky took place. Rudin (1856) opens a series of Turgenev novels, compact in volume, unfolding around the hero-ideologist. novel "Rudin"- a kind of result of Turgenev's thoughts about the leading hero of our time, followed by the stories "Faust" (1856) and "Asya" (1858), the novels The Nest of Nobles (1859), Fathers and Sons (1862),"Smoke" (1867), "New" (1877).

• In 1863 there is a new rapprochement between Turgenev and Pauline Viardot; until 1871 they live in Baden, then (at the end of the Franco-Prussian war) in Paris. Turgenev closely converges with G. Flaubert and through him with E. and J. Goncourt, A. Daudet, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant; he assumes the function of an intermediary between Russian and Western literatures.
• His all-European fame is growing: in 1878, at the international literary congress in Paris, the writer was elected vice president; in 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. Turgenev maintains contacts with Russian revolutionaries (P. L. Lavrov, G. A. Lopatin) and provides material support to emigrants.

Turgenev's house in the Yaseni estate in Bougival

Towards the end of his life, Turgenev's fame reached its peak both in Russia, where he again becomes a universal favorite, and in Europe, where criticism, in the person of its most prominent representatives - Taine, Renan, Brandes and others - ranked him among the first writers of the century.

His visits to Russia in 1878-1881 were true triumphs. All the more painful was the news of the writer's serious illness. Turgenev died courageously, with full consciousness of the near end, but without any fear of it. His death (in Bougival near Paris, August 22, 1883) made a huge impression, the expression of which was a grandiose funeral.

The body of the great writer was, according to his desire, brought to St. Petersburg and buried at the Volkovo cemetery with such a gathering of people, which had never before or since been at the funeral of a private person.

Monument to Turgenev I.S.

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Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev 1818-1883 Great, handsome and kind... So he was as a person and as an author; Such were his mind, heart and appearance. Ludwig Pich I.S. Turgenev. 1857 A.P. Nikitin. In Russia, in a country of all sorts of revolutionary and religious maximalism, a country of self-immolations, a country of the most violent excesses, Turgenev is almost the only genius of measure after Pushkin and, consequently, a genius of culture. For what is culture, if not the measurement, accumulation and preservation of values. D. Merezhkovsky

Parents and homeland The most accurate idea of ​​the parents of I.S. Turgenev can be obtained from his works, in which he, without hiding, depicted them, which shocked some very much. It is enough to recall "First Love" and "Mumu" to understand the family drama and its consequences for the writer.

Born into a wealthy noble family. According to his father, Turgenev belonged to an old noble family, which took its roots from the time of Ivan the Terrible. Mother, nee Lutovinova, a wealthy landowner.

Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova, the writer's mother She was already under 30 when a young officer, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, drove into Spasskoye ... Varvara Petrovna immediately fell in love with him: he was distinguished by rare beauty ... In 1816 she married him, in fact bought him, since Turgenev was threatened with ruin . A year later, their son Nikolai was born, then Ivan. I. Turgenev's mother was a domineering, stern woman. Her son loved her, but was afraid of anger and terrible punishments. Varvara Petrovna's life was not easy... Loneliness, insults, beatings - that's her childhood... One terrible night, the girl ran away from home... Half-dressed, on foot, walked sixty miles to Spassky. There she took refuge with her uncle Ivan Ivanovich, where a savory life awaited too - with a tough and stingy old man ... She lived with her uncle for ten years, she was twenty-seven, when she suddenly turned into the owner of thousands of serfs, thousands of acres of Oryol and Tula fertile lands ...

(1793-1834) Sergey Nikolaevich Turgenev combined different qualities of his ancestors: he was straight and courageous, very handsome, very womanly ... Varvara Petrovna could not be happy with her husband - she loved him boundlessly and unrequitedly. Unlike the Lutovinovs, the Turgenevs left a noticeable mark on Russian history. Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, father of the writer K

In the estate of Spasskoe-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer, who early learned to feel nature subtly and hate serfdom, passed. “Hatred of serfdom already lived in me then, by the way, it was the reason that I, having grown up among beatings and tortures, did not defile my hand with a single blow ...”

with a church opposite, with a house of forty rooms, endless services, greenhouses, wine cellars, pantries, stables, with a famous park and orchard. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo family estate of the Turgenevs The village of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is located a few versts from Mtsensk, a county town of the Oryol province. A huge manor estate, in a birch grove, with a horseshoe-shaped estate,

Manor house of I.S. Turgenev. 1881 Ya.P. Polonsky. The estate is located near the city of Mtsensk in the Oryol province. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Popovsky Pond. 1881 Ya.P. Polonsky. Behind the house, a garden with luxurious flower beds, with dark shady alleys, descends to the ponds.

Noble Nest

"Cradle" Turgenev. “1818, October 28, Monday, son Ivan was born, 12 inches tall, in Orel, in his house, at 12 o’clock in the morning.” (From the memorial book of Varvara Petrovna)

Brothers Nikolai and Ivan Parents took care of the upbringing of three sons. With the rank of colonel, Sergei Nikolaevich leaves military service. When Ivan was 4 years old, the family undertook the first trip abroad. In Bern, they visited the zoo and examined the famous "pit" where bears lived. The inquisitive Ivan was so carried away by the observations that he crawled over the barrier and dashed his head down - to the horror of the public! The child was saved by the dexterity of the father, who managed to grab his son by the leg. They lived in Paris for half a year, visiting theaters and concerts, viewing the picturesque collections of the world-famous Louvre. Ivan as a child was fluent in 3 languages ​​and read the classics of French, English and German literature in the original.

Vanechka's pet began to disturb mother from an early age. And kind and affectionate, but very simple and truthful to the point of ingenuity: what is on the mind, then on the tongue. Somehow, the Most Serene Princess Golenishcheva-Kutuzova, a respectable lady of advanced age, of exotic appearance, paid a visit. Vanechka stared at the princess with wide-open eyes, froze in surprise, and suddenly declared audibly: “You look very much like a monkey!” Ivan Turgenev 12 years old

“I have nothing to remember my childhood. Not a single happy memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle, in a word, drilled like a recruit. A rare day passed without a rod; when I dared to ask why I was being punished, my mother categorically stated: “You better know about it, guess it” I.S. Turgenev. Portrait 1830 Watercolor

Moscow University Pension IF Weidenhammer Education In 1827 the family moved to Moscow; At first, Turgenev studied in private boarding schools and with good home teachers. 1833 Moscow State University. Verbal department. 1834 - 1837 years. Petersburg University. Verbal Department of the Faculty of Philosophy In January 1843 Turgenev entered the service of the Ministry of the Interior. 1845 - resigns.

Turgenev was not yet 15 when he became a student of the verbal department of Moscow University. Herzen. "The Past and Thoughts".

Adolescence and youth. 1827-1837. Young Turgenev can be imagined as a graceful and well-mannered boy, well-educated and not without arrogance ... In the fate of Turgenev-son, it is important that his first meeting with true love was an unrequited meeting. “Unrequited love” - this is how the life of the most elegant, smartest, very beautiful person and great artist began. He preferred someone else. In the enigmatic and exciting impression that remains of this story, it matters that the “other” turned out to be the father ...

The irresistible handsome father, cold and unapproachable even for children, lived his own life and love affairs. The fascination of Sergei Nikolayevich with the 18-year-old poetess Princess Ekaterina Shakhovskaya ended tragically: soon (in October 1834) S.N. Turgenev died in St. Petersburg from "stone disease" "after three days of terrible torment." This episode of the biography is reflected in the story "First Love".

Turgenev grew up in an atmosphere of tyranny and despotism. Varvara Petrovna turned her estate into an autocratic state, where even her ardently adored sons were deeply unhappy. Before her death, she almost disinherited both sons - Nikolai and Ivan (the youngest - Sergey - died at the age of 16). In a fit of anger at her eldest son, who did not please her with his marriage, she smashed the portraits of his three sons to smithereens. Ivan predicted love slavery. It is symbolic that Nikolai also exchanged one yoke for another - maternal for love. “My son, be afraid of woman's love, be afraid of this happiness, this poison…” - this warning from the story “First Love” turned out to be prophetic.

I.S. Turgenev is 20; the first lyrical poems have already been written and printed

Berlin From 1839 I.S. Turgenev lives in Berlin, listens to lectures at the university, studies classical languages, writes poetry Europe Ivan Turgenev 1838-1839

Europe In Berlin, he communicates with T. N. Granovsky, N. V. Stankevich (1813-1840). After a short stay in Russia in January 1840 he went to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he was again in Berlin, where he met M. A. Bakunin.

Petersburg circle in 1843 the beginning of literary activity: the poem "Parasha" acquaintance with the critic V. Belinsky, which turned into friendship a positive review of the first work collaborates with the Sovremennik magazine

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I.S. Turgenev. 1843 - 1844 E. Lamy. “Poet, talent, aristocrat, handsome, rich, smart, educated, 25 years old - I don’t know what nature denied him? Finally: the character is inexhaustibly direct, beautiful, worked out in a good school. F.I. Dostoevsky The significance of this portrait - in the very time of its creation, which determined the creative and personal fate of Turgenev - the beginning of a literary career and acquaintance with Pauline Viardot.

Therefore, there was nothing surprising in the fact that the inspired singing of a young Spaniard (Polina was then 22 years old) shocked the enthusiastic young Turgenev, who was barely 25 years old. The musical season of 1843-1844 was amazing: performances of the Parisian Italian Opera resumed in the northern capital. Among the singers, Pauline Viardot stood out, performing with great success. According to the memoirs of her contemporaries, the extraordinary passion of her game acted especially on the audience. The beginning of a love story

M.-P. Viardot Garcia. 1843 P.F. Sokolov. In the autumn of 1843 Turgenev first heard the singing of Pauline Viardot and was literally bewitched by her extraordinary voice and artistry. From that moment on, his whole life, talent, wealth were laid at the feet of this woman.

Daughter of the famous Spanish tenor Manuel Garcia. From childhood she knew the theater, listened to operas, grew up among aristocrats. She has been performing since the age of 16. London, Paris, Italian Opera. Beauty was not famous. In conversation alive, brilliant, bold. The character was domineering. In St. Petersburg, she opened the tour with The Barber of Seville and was a tremendous success. Pauline Viardot.

Did she know that it was here that she would meet a Russian classic who would surpass her in glory? That he will be attached to her for forty years? That her own life would intertwine with his?

Acquaintance with Pauline Viardot "I have not seen anything in the world better than you ... To meet you on my way was the greatest happiness of my life, my devotion and gratitude have no boundaries and will die only with me" 1844 K

Captivating fool. According to general reviews, Viardot was not beautiful. Round-shouldered, with large features, she even seemed ugly to many, but she was a captivating ugly girl. One of the Russian music lovers, admirers of her talent, rightly noted that she did not shine with beauty, but on stage she was transformed beyond recognition: “Ugly! - said my neighbor behind! Really,” I thought. Suddenly, something extraordinary happened: such delightful velvety notes were heard, which, it seemed, no one had ever heard before. And her lips were lovely! Who said "ugly"? - Ridiculous! For Turgenev himself, Polina was a beauty.

I.S. Turgenev. Rice. P. Viardot Only Viardot turned out to be subject to that before which professional artists were powerless. She won not only his heart - even the nuances of his appearance, invisible to others, were obedient to her.

“Next Tuesday it will be seven years since I first visited you ... And I am happy to tell you ... that meeting you on my way was the greatest happiness of my life ...” (I.S. Turgenev - P. Viardot)

Turgenev in France. In the summer of 1845, Turgenev traveled to France for the first time at the invitation of Madame Viardot. There he met and befriended her family.

Link In April 1852, for a response to the death of N.V. Gogol, banned in St. Petersburg and published in Moscow, Turgenev, by royal command, was put on a congress. In May he was exiled to Spasskoe, where he lived until December 1853.

During Turgenev's exile, Polina Viardot was invited to sing in St. Petersburg. To see her, Turgenev came to Moscow with a fake passport. Annenkov recalled this event: “We saw a false passport of some tradesman, acquired by him somewhere, with which he once came to Moscow to the amazement and horror of his friends.” Before this meeting, Turgenev had not seen Polina for several years. The opportunity to marry was given to him more than once. But in the whole world, only one woman mattered to him. He said that this was his destiny, it could not be otherwise.

On the edge of someone else's nest After being pardoned and allowed to travel abroad, Turgenev lived for some time in St. Petersburg, and in 1856 returned to France. There he soon lived in the shadow of Pauline Viardot and her family. Brother Nikolai, who came to see him, wrote to his wife: “Viardot’s children treat him like a father. I don't want to spread gossip. I think that once in the past there was a closer connection between him and Polina, but, in my opinion, now he just lives with them, becoming a family friend. On the one hand, Turgenev was happy being next to his beloved woman, on the other hand, this happiness brought confusion to his soul, because he loved this woman, and he was tormented that he had to live "on the edge of someone else's nest."

Turgenev Pauline Viardot: “Oh my dearly beloved friend, I constantly, day and night, think about you, and with such endless love! Every time you think of me, you can calmly say: “My image now stands before his eyes. And he worships me." It literally is." Reading this, you understand that Pauline Viardot brought the writer not only mental suffering. It was she who was the source of the writer's creative inspiration, and largely because she showed a lively genuine interest in all the works that came out from under his pen.

Viardot herself once remarked jokingly: “Not a single line of Turgenev got into print before he introduced me to it. You Russians don't know how much you owe me that Turgenev continues to write and work." Indeed, despite the personal family drama, despite the complexity of what is happening in the Viardot family, in the 60-70s Turgenev devotes a lot of time to literary work. He writes novels, short stories, short stories, poetry in prose.

The second Polina in the life of Turgenev. Although the writer called himself a familyless bean, he had a daughter (1842-1919) - from a fleeting relationship with his mother's seamstress, whose existence became known to him a few years later, in 1850, after returning from abroad. Turgenev, having learned the news, immediately took care of his daughter, and Pauline Viardot, whom he informed about this, suggested that he send the girl to her. She left Russia forever in 1850, turning from Pelageya into Polina, and soon completely forgot the Russian language, was brought up with Viardot's children, who managed to give Turgenev's daughter a worthy noble upbringing and education. This story served as the basis for the plot of the story "Asya".

Polina (Pelageya) Turgeneva, the daughter of the writer Polina Turgeneva, until the end of her life, retained a hostile attitude towards Viardot, although she received in her house everything that one can only dream of, since only the singer completely owned her father's heart. Ivan Sergeevich impeccably fulfilled his father's duty: he gave his daughter a decent upbringing and education, and all his life meekly carried the ever-increasing burden of material and moral concerns about her. The family life of her daughter did not work out: in 1865 she unsuccessfully married the French businessman Gaston Brewer. They had children: in 1872 - Jeanne, in 1875 - Georges Albert, the appearance of which the writer was looking forward to. He loved his grandchildren, showed constant interest in them, was a caring grandfather.

The creative fate of Turgenev was wonderful: world fame came to him during his lifetime, "he is read in all languages, like Byron, Schiller, Goethe and Dickens." But his human fate is dramatic and completely incomprehensible: Turgenev divided his life between Russia and Europe. Why did it happen that the Russian writer, who loved his homeland, lived in France for years, decades? Russian European

I.S. Turgenev. 1880. Photo by M.M. Panova Each visit of Turgenev to his homeland was a great holiday for many people. The writer was 60 years old, but he looked much older; in his eyes, kind and affectionate, one could feel fatigue, some hidden sadness.

I.S. Turgenev at work in his office. From the picture br. Kurnakov While still young, Turgenev wrote to P. Viardot: “What a wonderful and noble thing is labor!”. Addressing novice writers, he constantly repeated: “Work steadfastly, calmly, without impatience ... Read as much as possible, work hard! ..” This “steadfastness” in work was very characteristic of him. In spite of everything, he persisted in working; having finished one thing, he immediately set to another.

Break with the Sovremennik magazine in 1860. After the novel "On the Eve" and the article dedicated to it by N. A. Dobrolyubov "When will the real day come?" (1860) there is a break between Turgenev and the radicalized Sovremennik (in particular, with N. A. Nekrasov; their break continued almost until Nekrasov's death). The conflict with the "young generation" was aggravated by the novel "Fathers and Sons"

In the same period, he did not develop relations with L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, and even with an old friend A. Herzen. As a result, abandoned by Russian friends, Turgenev became more and more attached to the Viardot family. Thus, Turgenev was not understood by Russian society: he found coldness, reaching indignation, in many people he liked and gratitude from those who could be considered an enemy of progressive thought.

The last time Turgenev visited his homeland was in May 1881. To friends, he repeatedly expressed his "determination to return to Russia and settle there." “When you are in Spasskoye,” he asked one of his friends, “bow from me to the house, the garden, my young oak tree, bow to the motherland, which I will probably never see again.”

Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Piano in the dining room Turgenev's creativity is inseparable from musical culture. Music sounds in many of his works, the writer himself did not know pleasure higher. Romance "Misty morning, gray morning .." - a song of love for the dear homeland

They often met together: first at Sunday meetings in Flaubert's small drawing room, then at the monthly dinners at the Café Riche, which were called "dinners of five", since Flaubert, Zola, Daudet and Edmond Goncourt remained their constant participants. Ivan Sergeevich introduced writers to the best representatives of Russian realistic literature: Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy. Closest of all Turgenev got along with Flaubert. By his own admission, he had only two friends: in Russia - Belinsky, and in France - Gustave Flaubert. Turgenev meets and becomes close to the best French writers: Flaubert, Zola, Merimet, Maupassant, Daudet, Gauthier, the Goncourt brothers, George Sand.

I. Turgenev - Honorary Doctor of Oxford University

Engraving of the funeral of I. Turgenev in St. Petersburg Ivan Sergeevich died on August 22, 1883. Death was preceded by more than a year and a half of a painful illness (cancer of the spinal cord). The funeral ceremony was attended by "a whole world of people of heroic stature with blurry features, bearded like God the Father - real Russia in miniature, the existence of which was not suspected in Paris." The body of the writer was sent to Russia and, according to the will, was buried at the Volkovo cemetery. Moreover, in St. Petersburg he was given such a solemn burial, which had not been seen since the death of Pushkin.

And in Paris, on seeing off the coffin with the body of the writer to Russia, the French writer and publicist Edmond Abu said: “France would be proud to adopt you if you so desired, but you always remained faithful to Russia ...”

Photo 1880 "Russian language". Autograph. 1882 "Poems in Prose" are rightly considered the final chord of the writer's literary activity. They reflected searches, reflections, contradictions of recent years, difficult experiences, personal disorder. “I have never printed a single line in my life in a language other than Russian” I.S. Turgenev

Grave of I.S. Turgenev at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg

Monuments to Mumu Russia, St. Petersburg France, Honfleur