The volume of actual electricity losses in gardening non-profit partnerships (SNT) can reach 30% of the individual consumption of each individual subscriber. The reason for this is a combination of three factors: poor quality networks, unreliable metering and theft of electricity. Consistent elimination of these problems will reduce the level of actual losses to the standard level - 5% of total electricity consumption within SNT networks.

Technical losses of electricity in SNT distribution networks

Formulation of the problem

Technical losses of electrical energy in 0.4 kV distribution networks are an inevitable phenomenon. According to the Joule-Lenz Line Law, the resistance of the wire converts some of the electricity into heat. These are standard losses that are included in the tariff. In a properly functioning distribution network, their level does not exceed 2-5% of the total volume of transmitted electricity. Losses of up to 10% of total consumption are considered the maximum acceptable. With this indicator, no urgent measures are taken.

The problem arises if technical losses increase sharply compared to the standard indicator. In SNT distribution networks, the increase in standard losses is caused by the following factors:

• reduced wire cross-section;
• physical wear and tear of electrical equipment in the network;
• poor quality connections;
• “distortion” of the load across phases;
• unsatisfactory condition of the circuit along the neutral wire;
• increasing the length of networks by connecting new ones
• subscribers;
• errors made during the design or installation of networks.

Finding a solution

1. Calculate standard electricity losses in SNT networks.
2. Check the condition of the electrical equipment of the networks: transformer, cables, connections.
3. Make sure that the networks are laid in accordance with the design.

Project implementation

1. Reconstruct the network: replace the faulty transformer, install new wires, replace electrical connections. Don't skimp on the quality of cables and other equipment. The wires must be of the same cross-section throughout the entire length of the network. It is better if these are self-supporting insulating wires (SIP) in double insulation. Such wires give off less heat and interfere with unauthorized withdrawal of electricity from the power line, bypassing the meter.
2. Optimize your power distribution design.
3. Establish reliable commercial accounting.
4. After reconstructing the networks, submit an application to the energy supply organization to accept the networks into operation. During the acceptance process, the power industry will re-measure the parameters of the power transmission line, calculate the standard loss coefficient and approve it at the Regional Energy Commission (REC).

With correct and high-quality installation of the 0.4 kV distribution network, technical losses in SNT networks return to the level of the standard indicator.

Inaccurate electricity metering in SNT

Formulation of the problem

Despite the adoption of the law “On Energy Saving,” the organization of reliable electricity metering remains a pressing problem for SNT managers. Often there is a significant under-accounting of electricity or an imbalance between the readings of the calculated meter located at the input of the SNT transformer substation and the total amount of energy consumption according to the readings of the individual electricity meters of the partnership participants.

Modern metering devices provide an error of ±2%. The error of old general and individual meters is higher due to outdated technologies and wear of parts. Such meters are prone to “self-propelling”, when the counting mechanism continues to rotate even when the load is turned off. In addition, it is easier to exert external influence on outdated metering devices in order to distort the readings.

Finding a solution

1. Make sure that individual and general utility meters have no visible damage to the casing or signs of breaking the control seal.
2. Check that certified metering devices with a valid state verification period are installed at the sites.
3. Check the serviceability of individual metering devices that are suspicious. To do this, turn off all power-consuming equipment in the garden. A working induction electric meter will complete no more than one revolution in 10 minutes without load, and a modern electronic meter will consume no more than 5 watts per hour required to power it.

Project implementation

Replace all metering devices that do not meet current requirements for metering mechanisms.

Unmetered electricity consumption in SNT

Formulation of the problem

SNT participants have full access to the network section on their farms, and “savvy” gardeners often take advantage of the technical opportunity to connect to the line to the meter. At the same time, payment for all unmetered electricity falls on all SNT participants in equal shares. In everyday life, this phenomenon is called “electricity theft,” or, in a very simple way, theft.

Some gardeners also use more resourceful methods of unaccountable consumption, most of which are based on interfering with the operation of metering devices.

Finding a solution

To identify thefts, an inspection of garden plots and consumption analysis for each of them will be required.

1. Check the condition of networks, meters, and the presence of bypass lines. Transformers for twisting readings can be connected to the meter through poor insulation without damaging the seal. Therefore, pay attention to the presence of bare sections of wire close to the meter.
2. Study consumption statistics for each site. If consumption on the site remains at a low level during the irrigation period, when electric water pumps are actively operating, or during the heating season, the subscriber may be “stealing” the energy resource.
3. Pay attention to the correspondence of external factors to the test results. For example, consumption readings may not be low if the house is heated with oil-fired electric heaters.

Pay special attention to surveying large consumers connected to SNT networks: shops, workshops, farms. As judicial practice shows, they most often resort to illegal methods of “optimizing” energy consumption.

Project implementation

Metering devices for consumers who come under suspicion must be dismantled to conduct a trace examination. This will make it possible to unambiguously establish the fact of interference in the operation of the meter, or to refute it.

The only way to manipulate the metering device, which cannot be recorded by experts, is to stop the counting mechanism with a neodymium magnet. The magnetic field of this device is strong enough to block the counter and leaves no trace. To avoid using a magnet to stop the meter, stick a magnetic field indicator seal on its body. This will make it possible not only to stop “magnetic theft”, but also to prove its fact in court.

A more effective, but expensive way to stop energy theft is to install an automatic electricity metering system (ASCAE).

The chairmen of the SNT perceive the organization of electricity metering on the poles of 0.4 kV overhead lines as a panacea for the theft of energy resources. Yes, this method reduces the possibility of unmetered consumption, eliminates the error of outdated metering devices and allows crawlers to monitor readings at any time. But such a decision contradicts the Electricity Metering Rules, which clearly states that an electrical energy meter can only be installed indoors. In other words, it is illegal. The chairmen of dacha cooperatives may not know about this. But this is known for sure to entrepreneurs who earn good money by installing electricity meters on poles or facades of houses. The only correct, legal and effective solution to combat unmetered consumption is the installation of ASKUE. Jan Kalish, Chief Power Engineer of Asset Management Center LLC

Amount of fines for electricity theft

In order to hold an unscrupulous consumer accountable for the theft of electricity, it is necessary to draw up an act on unaccounted consumption of energy resources. The court will hold violators administratively liable under Art. 7.19 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. According to the court decision, the “enterprising” gardener will be fined and monetary compensation for unaccounted consumption, which will be accrued from the date of the last check of the meter according to the current standard.

The current fines for unaccounted consumption are:

• from 3 thousand to 4 thousand rubles for individuals;
• from 6 thousand to 8 thousand rubles for officials;
• from 60 thousand to 80 thousand rubles for legal entities.

If theft is detected on an especially large scale, the violators will be prosecuted under Art. 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the consumer will pay a fine of up to 300 thousand rubles, or in the amount of income for two years. The maximum punishment is forced labor or imprisonment for two years with a fine of up to 80 thousand rubles.

Prevention of commercial electricity losses in SNT networks

The introduction of ASKUE will make it possible to comprehensively solve the problems of losses in SNT. This technology eliminates factors that influence the increase in actual losses in the network:

1. Excessive technical losses in 0.4 kV distribution networks. ASKUE with high accuracy identifies areas of technical losses of electricity and effectively monitors the condition of the network itself.
2. Inaccurate accounting of consumed electrical energy. ASKUE provides full control over the energy consumption of all SNT participants in real time.
3. Unaccounted consumption of energy resources. ASKUE records any attempts to influence the operation of metering devices in normal mode and remotely limit the energy consumption of the violating gardener.

In addition, ASKUE allows SNT participants to switch to a multi-tariff system for metering consumed electricity, which will provide additional savings for each gardening farm.

Thus, the introduction of ASKUE systems is an effective means of preventing an increase in actual electricity losses in SNT networks.

ASKUE for SNT based on LPWAN technology,
without wires or hubs.

Fair electricity metering has always been and will be a sore subject for any electricity consumer. This problem becomes especially relevant in Gardening Non-Profit Partnerships (SNT), where serious “battles” for fair payment often take place. It is no secret that in SNT, where the owner becomes the full owner of not only the plot and house, but also his internal networks, it is possible to connect to the wires to the meter, which is what “savvy” gardeners use. Nonsense, you say? How much can you steal? And you would be wrong, because it really is a lot, for example, when using an electric heater in winter? And not in one, but in several houses.

But payment for all unmetered electricity falls in equal shares on all members of the partnership. Those. someone uses many times more, but everyone pays for them!!!

Our company offers a system for metering consumed electricity, which not only eliminates theft, but also greatly simplifies the process of collecting meter readings using PLC technology. PLC technology is the transmission of meter readings via 0.4 kV power wires without the use of additional information cables. Readings from all metering devices are collected in the concentrator and stored there until the accumulated information is collected. All consumers will be presented in the form of a table on a computer monitor with data about each gardener and the electricity he consumed.

And that’s all, there is no need for any inspection raids or calls to conscience from “unclean” gardeners. And if a persistent defaulter appears, then you can teach him a lesson - disconnect him from the power grid for a while until payment is received.

In this case, we propose to use metering devices that allow you to remotely disconnect the consumer and reconnect them after paying for the consumed energy.

The result of installing the system will be the absence of a difference in the readings of the settlement meter and the sum of the gardeners' meter readings. Those. there will be no need to find money to cover this difference, i.e. increases in tariffs, membership fees, which could go towards useful things - road repairs, garbage removal, ecology, etc., so necessary for gardeners. The headache of chairmen for constantly explaining the need for additional collections of money is completely eliminated.

It should be borne in mind that constant annual increases in electricity tariffs make this difference larger and larger, and rising energy prices make some category of gardeners want to avoid paying for it.

We also consider the ability to balance electricity consumption to be an important result of the installation, which allows us to localize, or simply find, places of current leaks, bad connections, undersized wires, and as a result, increase the reliability of power supply and reduce costs.

Installed metering devices allow you to tariff and pay for electricity, taking into account the time of consumption, which also allows you to reduce costs.

Summarize:

1. Eliminates theft of electricity
2. Automation of meter readings
3. Localization of "weak" points of electrical networks
4. Possibility of payment according to a multi-tariff plan

To receive advice on any questions you may have, you can contact us:

By phone: 969-51-50

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Operating mode:Mon.-Fri.-from 10.00 to 18.00 without lunch; Sat.-Sun. - closed.

Low collection of electricity payments is usually one of the main problems on arrays. A typical picture for SNT is when payments to the energy sales company amount to 1,600 thousand rubles. per year, and the fee for electricity from members of the array is 600 thousand. rub. in year. Taking into account the energy consumption of pumps and guards, the shortfall is from 400 to 1000 thousand. rub. per year and is evenly distributed among all members of the array and paid from general contributions.

This situation can be easily started to be corrected by organizing a bypass of meters, charging and presentation for consumed electricity.

Let's consider the first steps that the chairman and the electrician need to take to create an electricity metering system on the array and organize meter bypasses.

• appoint responsible persons and prepare title documents
• prepare tools and camera
• print out the deed forms, take a carbon copy and a pen
• bypass the meters
• enter completed forms and photographs into the program
• make accruals based on indications, unaccounted consumption and penalty acts
• for the chairman: collect reports on objects without meters, payment terms, rounds, inspections, etc.

A correctly completed act and photograph are evidence in court.

Let's look at the points in more detail:

1. Appoint responsible persons and formalize legal issues: make copies of an extract from the decision of the general meeting, minutes of the board, extracts from the Charter. Check the availability of a certificate of admission group, a certificate of authority, or the existence of an agreement to conduct inspections.

An example of a meter sealed with modern seals

2. Prepare tools: in addition to the standard set: pliers, side cutters, voltage indicator, screwdrivers, electrical tape, dielectric gloves, you need: a flashlight, current clamps (Chinese ones are suitable for simple inspection), seals, ideally we recommend using modern plastic seals with a special wire, “antimagnetic” ” seals indicating the use of a magnet; in extreme cases, lead seals and seals are suitable for simple inspection. It is also mandatory and desirable to have a camera with a flash to record facts of violations or, ideally, a smartphone to directly transfer data to the Domrad-energo program.

3. Take and print out forms - templates for inspection reports; when doing a walk-through, you need to write two carbon copies of the report at once and hand a copy to the owner of the site. You can print ready-made inspection report forms and an example of filling out the report in the Domrad – Energy program after registration.

4. Prepare a list of site inspections, ask an accountant to make a list, or you can make a printout from the program - before this, you can automatically download all the data for the sites in a single list from a Word, Excel file. During the inspection, it is important to know when, by whom the meter was installed, how it was sealed, seal numbers, meter type, number, old readings, consumption, etc.

Going out for an inspection: if an initial inspection is being carried out, you can go to one electrician inspector; if the inspection is carried out on large or obviously conflicting consumers, then it is advisable to invite two witnesses or board members with you.

We go out to the objects: when approaching the house before entering, it is necessary to carry out an external inspection of the electricity input into the house for extraneous connections, insulation integrity, visibility of the input integrity directly to the meter! also check first visually that the phasing is correct (there is an option for theft, when the phase and zero are swapped on a support or input insulators, and grounding is done in the house). Next, we go into the house, look at the metering unit, the input device, check: meter number, seal numbers, readings, and so on, we go through the points indicated in the act form, we also check with previously received information, the facility card, old readings, consumption, etc.

Example of a meter mounted on a support

We carry out an external inspection of the metering group, it is important to assess the possibility of connecting to the meter, then we look at the details: starting from uniform dust content, integrity of the case, lid, state verification seals and seals on the lid, etc., there are many nuances here, detailed inspection instructions are available in the paid version of the program Domrad – energy.

We check - we are looking for an unmetered connection throughout the house: we turn off the input circuit breaker, we walk throughout the house with a voltage indicator and look for the presence of voltage on the sockets. A detailed technology for detecting thefts is available in the paid version of using the program on the website: when violations are detected, we photograph the result in order to then attach the photos to the object in the program.

If there are sockets and wiring connected to the meter, we photograph the violation and draw up an act of unmetered consumption, after which we disconnect and dismantle the wires.

We close the meter cover, seal it correctly, including the introductory machine (a detailed analysis of the seals and correct sealing are discussed in the paid version of the Domrad-energo service). We photograph the general appearance of the object, input, panel, meter, seals, meter passport, identified violations.

Please note in the act form, in the technical parameters there are two important fields:

1. relative level of consumption: 0-5, (0-disconnected, 1-barn, 5-cottage, etc.)
2. level of accounting organization: 0-5, (0-no meter, 5-meter on a support, etc.)

By filling out these parameters when writing the act and entering them into the program, you can subsequently always determine the primary objects for subsequent checks in the first place: where there is high consumption and poorly organized accounting (5/0, 5/1, 5/2). In addition, you become independent from the staff and, in the event of an electrician’s dismissal, you can easily view all the data and collect a list of major consumers. Using these two parameters, you can easily generate lists of: disconnected objects and areas where there are no electricity meters!

We draw up and fill out an act according to a ready-made template, the results of the inspection and write the resulting part: either it is an act of inspection and acceptance of the meter with an order to eliminate minor violations, usually within a month, or it is a separate act of unaccounted consumption.

The act is drawn up in two copies using a carbon copy and one copy is given to the consumer. IMPORTANT point - we obtain the subscriber’s signatures on the act, with a transcript.

5. We bring the completed acts to the board and here I will immediately say that there is a benefit from the initially completed acts, but by manually analyzing over 100 paper acts, it is almost impossible to get a good effect. It is necessary to enter acts into the program and collect reports on the necessary parameters.

In our practice, there were cases when, at the request of the audit commission, over 300 paper acts were written, they were pinned to the cards, and that was the end of the work on the acts! The accountant does not need 30 technical parameters of the meter, and he (she) will not calculate consumption according to acts, he will say: collect and go through the acts yourself.

We enter the acts into the Domrad-energo program: go to the site card, select the event: acceptance of the meter, replacement order and attach a file - a photograph. The program stores all data and allows you to see the history of the object and analyze consumption.

The program is also easy to collect a report for the chairman on the number of entered acts, to monitor the work of the electrician.

An example of an assembled shield

If the electrician-controller has identified unmetered consumption, then we fill out the second act, the form for the act of unmetered consumption and a sample of filling are available in the paid version of the Domrad - Energy service, but, unfortunately, an analysis of this case is not within the scope of this article.

It is important not only to identify unaccounted consumption (theft), but also, if possible, to prevent theft in the future.

In our practice, there was a case when the chairman, in connection with the transfer of affairs to another chairman, hired third-party inspectors to inspect the meters and this led to an increase in payments for electricity by 150 thousand rubles. despite the fact that the controllers drew up acts without searching and recording thefts!

I’ll add that it’s convenient to start checking the meters in winter, when there are few areas with permanent residents, and consumption is high, due to the heaters being on.

As a result, this article turned out to be a whole instruction for the chairman and the electrician. THE MAIN THING is to start putting basic order in place and this will reduce losses and significantly increase the collection of payments for consumed electricity on the array. Training your electrician to do walk-throughs and enter data into the Domrad program is the most energy-efficient way, because does not require the involvement of expensive specialists, and the effect can be obtained in the shortest possible time. In addition, you create a working system in which the accrual, acceptance of contributions and income reporting are automated.

In this article I want to give an overview of my new program, which will be useful to the chairmen, power engineers of SNT and other similar organizations where there are many sub-subscribers. With the help of the program, paying for electricity will become much easier.

I already have a similar program:

But that program was made for a specific enterprise and, I must admit, is not suitable for everyone.

My new program has become simpler, more convenient and more functional.

For example, you have a transformer substation where general electricity metering is installed. Using this meter, you need to pay the energy supply organization. Each sub-subscriber has its own counter. But, if you add up the readings of all sub-subscriber meters, the sum will be less than the readings of the main electricity meter. This occurs due to losses in overhead (cable) power lines.

How to take into account the line losses of each sub-subscriber A?

The most accurate way is to provide 2 counters on each line: at the beginning and at the end of the line. But, in real conditions, this is almost impossible to do, and why would you need extra counters?

In my program I took a different path. I distribute electricity losses evenly depending on the electricity consumed. I think this method is the fairest and simplest. This method allows you to distribute absolutely all electricity losses. Other calculation methods will not do this.

At the same time, you must understand that losses are different at each moment in time. The more loaded the cable, the greater the loss of electricity. In other words, if you consume all the power in 1 day, then the losses will be greater than if you consume the same power evenly throughout the entire month.

Now let's move directly to the program.

First page: input of initial data.

All initial data for all metering devices is recorded here. The readings of the main accounting and the readings of all sub-accountants are recorded.

For a more detailed overview of the program, watch the video:

I should note that this program is not included in my software package and is adapted for each object. To receive the program, contact me on the page