Account 10 “Materials” is intended to account for the enterprise’s inventories (raw materials, fuel, spare parts, etc.).

The account is active, synthetic, and has several subaccounts. You can read about what types of accounts there are. In the context of an account, you can maintain analytical accounting by type of material and production assets.

TO account 10 “Materials” Sub-accounts can be opened:

• 10-1 “Raw materials and supplies”;
• 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;
• 10-3 “Fuel”;
• 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;
• 10-5 “Spare parts”;
• 10-9 “Inventory and household supplies”;
• and others.

The Debit of account 10 reflects any receipts of materials, and the Credit records their write-off (disposal).

The balance of account 10 “Materials” can only be debit, since the account is active!

I propose to consider the main standard transactions for account 10.

1. Materials received from supplier D-10 K-60/76
2. VAT is reflected on received materials D-10 K-60/76.
3. Materials were received from the accountable person D-10 K-71.
4. The materials contributed as a contribution to the authorized capital of D-10 K-75 have been capitalized.
5. During the inventory, unaccounted materials were identified D-10 K-91
6. Materials received as a result of the liquidation of fixed assets D-10 K-91 were capitalized
7. Received materials donated by another organization D-10 K-98.
8. Materials were written off for non-production needs (improving working conditions) - D-91 K-10.
9. Materials from the production of D-10 K-20 have been returned.
10. Materials for the construction of fixed assets D-08 K-10 were written off.
11. Materials were written off for the main production of D-20 K-10.
12. Materials were written off for auxiliary production D-23 K-10.
13. The cost of materials is included in the cost of selling D-44 K-10.
14. The cost of materials for victims of emergency situations (fire) was written off - D-99 K-10.

An enterprise has the right to write off materials for production using the following valuation methods:

1. at the cost of each unit;
2. (FIFO method);
3. at the cost of the most recent purchases (LIFO method - not used since 2008).

The method must be selected and prescribed in the accounting policy.

Let’s solve a small problem to reinforce the topic:

A furniture production plant purchased 7 boards at a price of 100 rubles per m, excluding VAT. Charged for delivery of boards is 150 rubles, excluding VAT. The payment for materials and delivery was paid from the bank account. For the production of the cabinet, 3 boards were written off at the average cost.

Make postings.

Solution:

1. Let's calculate VAT on boards = 700 * 0.18 = 126 rubles.
2. Let's calculate VAT on transport costs = 150 * 0.18 = 27 rubles.
3. Transport costs are evenly distributed among the boards.
4. Let's calculate the amount of written-off boards using the average cost method: 850/7*3 = 364.29 rubles.

Let's make the wiring:

1. Materials from the supplier D-10 K-60 were capitalized - 700 rubles.
2. VAT is reflected on purchased materials D-19 K-60 - 126 rubles.
3. Transport costs are reflected - D-10 K - 60 - 150 rubles.
4. VAT is reflected on transport costs – D-19 K-60 – 27 rubles.
5. Materials D-20 K-10 were written off for production - 364.29 rubles.

Account 10 “Materials” is intended to summarize information about the availability and movement of raw materials, materials, fuel, spare parts, inventory and household supplies, containers, etc. assets of the organization (including those in transit and processing).

Materials are accounted for on account 10 “Materials” at the actual cost of their acquisition (procurement) or accounting prices.

Organizations engaged in the production of agricultural products, products of their own production of the reporting year, reflected in account 10 “Materials”, are taken into account at the planned cost during this year (before the preparation of the annual reporting calculation). After preparing the annual reporting cost estimate, the planned cost of materials is adjusted to the actual cost.

When accounting for materials at accounting prices (planned cost of acquisition (procurement), average purchase prices, etc.), the difference between the cost of valuables at these prices and the actual cost of acquisition (procurement) of valuables is reflected in account 16 “Deviation in the cost of materials.”

Subaccounts can be opened for account 10 “Materials”:

10-1 “Raw materials and supplies”;

10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;

10-3 “Fuel”;

10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;

10-5 “Spare parts”;

10-6 “Other materials”;

10-7 “Materials transferred for processing to third parties”;

10-8 “Building materials”;

10-9 “Inventory and household supplies”;

10-10 “Special equipment and special clothing in the warehouse”;

10-11 “Special equipment and special clothing in operation”, etc.”

Subaccount 10-1 “Raw materials and supplies” takes into account the presence and movement of: raw materials and basic materials (including construction materials from contractors) that are part of the manufactured product, forming its basis, or which are necessary components in its manufacture; auxiliary materials that are involved in the production of products or are consumed for economic needs, technical purposes, or to assist the production process; agricultural products prepared for processing, etc.

Subaccount 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts” takes into account the availability and movement of purchased semi-finished products, finished components (including building structures and parts from contractors) purchased to complete manufactured products (construction), which require costs for their processing or assembly. Products purchased for assembly, the cost of which is not included in the cost of production, are recorded on account 41 “Goods”.

Organizations engaged in carrying out research, design and technological work, purchasing special equipment, tools, fixtures and other devices that they need as components for carrying out this work on a specific research or design topic, take into account these values ​​​​in subaccount 10 -2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts.”

Subaccount 10-3 “Fuel” takes into account the presence and movement of petroleum products (oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, etc.) and lubricants intended for the operation of vehicles, technological needs of production, energy generation and heating, solid (coal, peat , firewood, etc.) and gaseous fuel.

Subaccount 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials” takes into account the presence and movement of all types of containers (except for those used as household equipment), as well as materials and parts intended for the manufacture of containers and their repair (parts for assembling boxes, barrel staves, hoop iron and etc.). Items intended for additional equipment of cars, barges, ships and other vehicles in order to ensure the safety of shipped products are accounted for in subaccount 10-1 “Raw materials and materials”.

Organizations carrying out trading activities take into account containers under goods and empty containers in account 41 “Goods”.

Subaccount 10-5 “Spare parts” takes into account the availability and movement of spare parts purchased or manufactured for the needs of the main activity, intended for repairs, replacement of worn parts of machines, equipment, vehicles, etc., as well as car tires in stock and turnover. It also takes into account the movement of the exchange fund of complete machines, equipment, engines, components, and assemblies created in the repair departments of organizations, at technical exchange points and repair plants.

Car tires (tire, tube and rim tape), located on wheels and in stock with a vehicle, included in its initial cost, are taken into account as part of fixed assets.

Subaccount 10-6 “Other materials” takes into account the presence and movement of production waste (stumps, scraps, shavings, etc.); irreparable marriage; material assets received from the disposal of fixed assets that cannot be used as materials, fuel or spare parts in a given organization (scrap metal, waste materials); worn tires and scrap rubber, etc. Production waste and secondary material assets used as solid fuel are accounted for in subaccount 10-3 “Fuel”.

Subaccount 10-7 “Materials transferred for external processing” takes into account the movement of materials transferred for external processing, the cost of which is subsequently included in the costs of production of products obtained from them. Costs for processing materials paid to third-party organizations and individuals are charged directly to the debit of accounts that record products obtained from processing.

Subaccount 10-8 “Building materials” is used by real estate developers. It takes into account the presence and movement of materials used directly in the process of construction and installation work, for the manufacture of building parts, for the construction and finishing of structures and parts of buildings and structures, building structures and parts, as well as other material assets necessary for construction needs (explosives substances, etc.).

Subaccount 10-9 “Inventory and household supplies” takes into account the presence and movement of inventory, tools, household supplies and other means of labor, which are included in the funds in circulation.

Subaccount 10-10 “Special equipment and special clothing in the warehouse” is intended to account for the receipt, accrual and movement of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing located in the organization’s warehouses or other storage areas.

Subaccount 10-11 “Special equipment and special clothing in operation” takes into account the receipt and availability of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing for operation (in the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, for the management needs of the organization). The credit of subaccount 10-11 reflects the repayment (transfer) of the cost of special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing to the cost of products (works, services) in correspondence with the debit of cost accounts, and the write-off of the residual value of objects upon their early disposal in correspondence with the debit of the account for other income and expenses.

Organizations engaged in the production of agricultural products can open separate sub-accounts for account 10 “Materials” to account for: seeds, planting material and feed (purchased and own production); mineral fertilizers; pesticides used to control pests and diseases of agricultural crops; biological products, medicines and chemicals used to combat diseases of farm animals, etc.

Depending on the accounting policy adopted by the organization, the receipt of materials can be reflected using the accounts “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and “Deviation in the cost of material assets” or without using them.

If an organization uses the accounts “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and “Deviation in the cost of material assets”, based on the payment documents received by the organization from suppliers, an entry is made in the debit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and in the credit of the accounts “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” ", "Main production", "Auxiliary production", "Settlements with accountable persons", "Settlements with various debtors and creditors", etc. depending on where certain values ​​came from, and on the nature of the costs of procuring and delivering materials to the organization. In this case, an entry in the debit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and the credit of account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” is made regardless of when the materials arrived at the organization - before or after receiving the supplier’s settlement documents.

The posting of materials actually received by the organization is reflected by an entry in the debit of account 10 “Materials” and the credit of account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets.”

If the organization does not use the accounts “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and “Deviation in the cost of material assets”, the posting of materials is reflected by an entry in the debit of account 10 “Materials” and the credit of the accounts “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, “Main production”, “Auxiliary proceedings”, “Settlements with accountable persons”, “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, etc. depending on where certain values ​​came from, and on the nature of the costs of procuring and delivering materials to the organization. In this case, materials are accepted for accounting regardless of when they were received - before or after receipt of the supplier's payment documents.

The cost of materials remaining in transit at the end of the month or not removed from suppliers’ warehouses is reflected at the end of the month as a debit to account 10 “Materials” and a credit

Any organization acquires materials for the company’s activities not for their own sake. And the purchased valuables will not lie dead weight in the warehouse for the director to admire. They are intended for use in production, sales or administrative purposes. Therefore, purchased materials are subsequently consumed in production. However, in the warehouse the storekeeper or warehouse manager is responsible for them, and the materials are taken into account on account 10. When the materials leave the warehouse, the situation will change: the account and the person in charge will change. In this article we will analyze the write-off of materials with step-by-step instructions for this procedure for you. Contents of the article: 1. Accounting entries for the write-off of materials 2. Registration of the write-off of materials 3. Write-off of materials - step-by-step instructions if not all are consumed 4. Standards for writing off materials for production 5. An example of a write-off act 6.

Accounting for account 10: postings, examples. receipt and write-off of materials

Attention

The organization sets its own standards for materials consumption (limits). They can be fixed in estimates, technological maps, etc.

similar internal documents.

Important

Documents of this kind are not developed by the accounting department, but by the unit that controls the technological process (technologists), and then they are approved by the manager. Materials are written off for production in accordance with approved standards.

You can write off materials in excess of the norm, but in each such case you need to explain the reason for the excess write-off. For example, correction of defects or technological losses.
The release of materials in excess of the limit is carried out only with the permission of the manager or his authorized persons. On the primary accounting document - the demand invoice, the act - there must be a note about the excess write-off and its reasons.

Account 10 materials in accounting: postings, examples, subaccounts

General rules for write-off Materials are the current assets of an organization. Materials are accounted for on account 10 “Materials”. In the process of life of the company, a large amount of low-value property is used.
After use, the material must be written off; leaving it on the balance sheet makes no sense, as this leads to an unreasonably inflated value of assets. The write-off deadlines are set individually by each organization; this information must be specified in the accounting policy.
This could be the month, quarter or day of disposal of the property. The disposal is documented by a write-off act. This document indicates the amount of materials written off and the total cost.
The form is developed by the company independently. For certain groups of materials, additional documents confirming consumption will be required.

Write-off of materials step-by-step instructions for accounting

Taking into account the received spare parts at the actual cost, the accountant of Gulliver LLC made the following entries: Debit Credit Description Amount Document 10 60 Components were received at the warehouse of Gulliver LLC (247,500 rubles - 37,754 rubles + 64,800 rubles - 9,885 rubles) 264,661 rubles . Consignment note 19 60 Reflects the amount of input VAT on received components (37,754 rubles + 9,885 rubles) 47,639 rubles. Consignment note 68 VAT 19 The amount of VAT sent for deduction is 47,639 rubles. Invoice 60 51 Funds were transferred in favor of Market JSC to pay for components and delivery (RUB 247,500.
+ 64,800 rub.) 312,300 rub.

Info

Payment order Uninvoiced delivery Avers LLC entered into an agreement with the Central meat processing plant for the supply of minced meat. In April 2015, a delivery was made for which the Central MK did not provide payment documents.

Account 10 in accounting

The director, as I understand it, is by default the financially responsible person. There is no separate order for it yet, but this is not a problem. I am worried about how I can justify the fact that I wrote off something and not something? Well, and VAT.
Shmymzik 17.10.2006, 17:24 The director, as I understand it, is, by default, the financially responsible person. Nothing of the kind. Justifications are needed FOR WRITTING OFF, and not for the lack of writing off. odri 17.10.2006, 17:25 Slightly confused. Is the justification for write-off the requirement-invoice M-11? Shmymzik 10.17.2006, 17:26 Of course you can. This is normal. Now, if you buy 300 pens and write them off at once, despite the fact that there are 2 employees, that would be suspicious, but otherwise everything is normal. 10/17/2006, 17:27

Excuse me, odri, but your question sounds like nonsense. The fact is that if I write off everything from account 10, I will get a loss, but the owner definitely needs a profit, albeit a small one.

The procedure for writing off materials in accounting (nuances)

To watch the video, click on it ⇓ You can get the slides for the presentation in the lesson using the link below. Download the presentation “Accounting for materials on account 10, postings and example” in PDF format Account 10 in accounting: receipt of materials Receipt of materials to the warehouse can be carried out both on the basis of primary documents received from the supplier, and without them (the so-called uninvoiced delivery ).

Let's look at each of these operations with an example. Delivery according to the settlement documents Gulliver LLC purchased materials from Market JSC - spare parts necessary for the production of products. The cost of components according to the delivery note was 247,500 rubles, VAT 37,754 rubles.

Delivery of components to the warehouse cost Gulliver LLC 64,800 rubles, VAT 9,885 rubles.

How to make a posting for materials write-off

For this purpose, 143 units of spare parts were transferred from the warehouse to the workshop at a price of 341 rubles per unit. The purposes for using materials were not indicated in the invoice request. The accountant of Revers LLC made the following entries in the accounting: Debit Credit Description Amount Document 10 Workshop No. 1 10 Main warehouse A batch of spare parts was transferred to workshop No. 1 from the main warehouse (143 units * 341 rub.) 48.763 rub. Request-invoice form M-11 20 10 Workshop No. 1 A batch of spare parts was written off as costs of RUB 48,763. Act of consumption of materials Operations for the disposal of materials may also be associated with technological losses incurred in excess of established standards or within their limits. Let's consider an example: the accounting policy of JSC Industrialist approved the threshold of technological losses at the level of 0.65% of the weight of materials used in production.

Methods for writing off materials for production 7. Option No. 1 - average cost 8. Option No. 2 - FIFO method 9. Option No. 3 - at the cost of each unit So, let's go in order. If you don't have time to read a long article, watch the short video below, from which you will learn all the most important things about the topic of the article. (if the video is not visible clearly, there is a gear at the bottom of the video, click it and select Quality 720p) We will look at write-offs of materials in more detail than in the video later in the article. 1. Accounting entries for writing off materials So, let's start by determining where purchased materials can be sent.

Consignment note for the current supply of materials 19 60 Reversal of the VAT amount on an uninvoiced supply RUB 22,454. Consignment note for the current supply of materials 20 10 Reversal of the cost of minced meat transferred for the production of sausages 124,746 rubles.
Consignment note for the current supply of materials 43 20 Reversal of the cost of sausage products at the market price (cost of purchased minced meat) 124,746 rubles. Consignment note for the current supply of materials 90.2 43 Reversal of the write-off of the actual cost of shipped products (sausages) at the price of minced meat (uninvoiced delivery) RUB 124,746. Bill of lading for the current supply of materials 10 60 The cost of minced meat is reflected according to the documents (163,400 rubles - 24,925 rubles) 138,475 rubles. Consignment note for the current supply of materials 19 60 The amount of VAT on the supply of minced meat is reflected: RUB 24,925.

Do I need to write off all materials on account 10?

Example of a write-off act Therefore:

1. - or you issue and immediately write off only what is actually consumed (in this case, the requirement of an invoice is quite sufficient)
2. - or you draw up an act for writing off materials (transmitting a demand invoice, and then gradually writing off acts for writing off).

If you use write-off acts, do not forget to also approve their form as part of the accounting policy. The act usually indicates the name, and, if necessary, the item number, quantity, accounting price and amount for each item, number (code) and (or) name of the order (product, product) for the manufacture of which they were used, or number (code) and (or) the name of the costs, the quantity and amount according to consumption standards, the quantity and amount of consumption in excess of the standards and their reasons. An example of what such an act might look like is in the picture below.
Option No. 3 – at the cost of each unit At the cost of a unit of inventory, i.e. Each unit of materials has its own cost. This method is not applicable for ordinary cardboard boxes. Cardboard boxes are no different from each other. But materials and goods used by the organization in a special manner (jewelry, precious stones, etc.), or inventories that cannot normally replace each other, can be valued at the cost of each unit of such inventories. Those. If all our boxes were different, we would put a different tag on each one, then each of them would have its own cost. Here are the most important questions on the topic of writing off materials: step-by-step instructions are now before your eyes. For those who keep records in the 1C: Accounting program, watch a video tutorial on writing off materials in this program.

Such tracking of material consumption will allow you to achieve greater reliability in accounting and correctly calculate income tax. Please note that this applies not only to materials that go into production, but also to any property, including stationery used for administrative needs.

Materials should not be issued “in reserve”. They must be used immediately. Therefore, a one-time operation to write off 10 calculators for an accounting department of 2 people, during an audit, will certainly raise questions as to what purpose they were required in such quantities. 4.

To summarize and analyze information about the balances and movement of materials owned by the organization, account 10 is used. In the article you can find information about the features of accounting for account 10, as well as standard postings and examples of operations with materials.

Accounting 10: features of accounting

Account 10 is intended for accumulating accounting data on raw materials, supplies, spare parts and semi-finished products owned by the organization.

Taking into account materials for production purposes, an organization, as a rule, reflects transactions for the receipt and write-off of inventory items in correspondence with production accounts:

Write-off/receipt of materials at trading enterprises is carried out using the sales expense account:

Transactions with materials that were used for the repair/purchase of OS are reflected in the accounting in correspondence with account 08:

Video lesson “Accounting 10 (Materials), postings, examples”

In this video lesson, Natalya Vasilievna Gandeva, an expert teacher at the site “Accounting and Tax Accounting for Dummies,” talks in detail about Account 10 “Materials”, accounting, standard postings and practical examples. To watch the video, click on it ⇓

You can get the slides for the presentation in the lesson using the link below.

Account 10 in accounting: receipt of materials

The arrival of materials at the warehouse can be carried out both on the basis of primary documents received from the supplier, and without them (the so-called uninvoiced delivery). Let's look at each of these operations with an example.

Delivery according to settlement documents

LLC “Gulliver” purchased materials from JSC “Market” - spare parts necessary for the production of products. The cost of components according to the delivery note was 247,500 rubles, VAT 37,754 rubles. Delivery of components to the warehouse cost Gulliver LLC 64,800 rubles, VAT 9,885 rubles.

Taking into account the received spare parts at actual cost, the accountant of Gulliver LLC made the following entries:

Uninvoiced delivery

Avers LLC entered into an agreement with the Central meat processing plant for the supply of minced meat. In April 2015, a delivery was made for which the Central MK did not provide payment documents. In April 2015, minced meat was transferred for the production of sausages. The cost of minced meat was reflected in accounting at market value (according to the cost of delivery of the previous batch of minced meat) - 147,200 rubles, VAT 22,454 rubles. In April 2015, the minced meat was put into production and sausages were made from it, which were sold in the same month at a price of 182,900 rubles, VAT 27,900 rubles. In May 2015, MK “Tsentralny” provided LLC “Avers” with documents according to which the cost of minced meat was 163,400 rubles, VAT 24,925 rubles.

The following entries were made in the accounting of Avers LLC:

Debit	Credit	Description	Sum	Document
10	60	The cost of minced meat that arrived at the warehouse of Avers LLC without documents is reflected in the accounting	RUB 124,746
19	60	The amount of VAT on the uninvoiced supply of minced meat is reflected	RUR 22,454	Delivery note for the previous batch of materials, Accounting statement and calculation
20	10	Minced meat transferred to production	RUB 124,746
43	20	The cost of sausage products is taken into account at the market price (the cost of capitalized minced meat)	RUB 124,746	Cost calculation, Delivery note for the previous batch of materials
62	90.1	Sausages sold	182,900 rub.	Implementation report
90.2	43	The write-off of the actual cost of sold sausages is reflected	RUB 124,746
90.3	68 VAT	The amount of VAT on sales revenue is taken into account	RUB 27,900	Implementation report
51	62	Funds were credited to the account of Avers LLC as payment for sold sausages.	182,900 rub.	Bank statement
10	60	Reversal of the cost of minced meat for an uninvoiced delivery	RUB 124,746
19	60	Reversal of the VAT amount on an uninvoiced supply	RUR 22,454	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
20	10	Reversal of the cost of minced meat transferred to the production of sausages	RUB 124,746	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
43	20	Reversal of the cost of sausages at the market price (cost of purchased minced meat)	RUB 124,746	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
90.2	43	Reversal of write-off of the actual cost of shipped products (sausages) at the price of minced meat (uninvoiced delivery)	RUB 124,746	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
10	60	The cost of minced meat is reflected according to the documents (163,400 rubles - 24,925 rubles)	RUR 138,475	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
19	60	The amount of VAT on the supply of minced meat is reflected	RUR 24,925	Bill of lading for the current supply of materials
68 VAT	19	VAT is deductible	RUR 24,925	Invoice
20	10	Minced meat transferred to the production of sausages	RUR 138,475	Request-invoice, Material consumption certificate
43	20	The cost of sausage products is reflected according to settlement documents	RUR 138,475	Consignment note for the current supply of materials, Cost calculation
90.2	43	The actual cost of sold sausages was written off	RUR 138,475	Sales report, Cost calculation
60	51	Funds were transferred to MK “Central” as payment for the supply of minced meat	163,400 rub.	Payment order

Write-off of materials on account 10

The main operations for the disposal of materials from the warehouse are their write-off into production.

Let's consider an example: Revers LLC, whose activities are related to the automotive industry, procures spare parts. For this purpose, 143 units of spare parts were transferred from the warehouse to the workshop at a price of 341 rubles per unit. The purposes for using materials were not indicated in the invoice request.

The accountant of Revers LLC made the following entries in the accounting:

Material disposal operations may also be associated with technological losses incurred in excess of established standards or within their limits.

Let's consider an example: the accounting policy of JSC Industrialist approved the threshold of technological losses at the level of 0.65% of the weight of materials used in production. Based on the results of August 2015 at JSC Industrialist:

• 125 tons of sheet metal were processed;
• price of 1 ton of sheet metal – 24,700 rubles;
• total cost of processing – 3,087,500 rubles;
• actual losses - 0.95% (1.19 tons, 29,393 rubles).

Hidden text

• standard losses (weight) 0.65% * 125 t = 0.82 t;
• standard losses (cost) 0.82 t * 24,700 rub. = 20.254 rub.;
• standard losses (cost) RUB 29,393. – 20.254 rub. = 9.139 rub.

The following entries were made in the accounting records of Industrialist JSC.

In this article we will tell you what the 10th accounting account is for dummies.

Let's start with the name

Account 10 “Materials”, in accordance with Instruction 94n, is used to reflect on it everything that happens in the company with materials, raw materials, fuel, spare parts, inventory and other similar acquisitions. Briefly, we can say that account 10 reflects what relates to inventories (inventories): their receipt and disposal.

Subaccounts to account 10 can be opened by types of inventories enlarged: raw materials and supplies (10-1), fuel (10-3), spare parts (10-5), account 10-10 (which applies) - special equipment and special clothing, etc. etc., in accordance with those recommended in Instruction 94n or independently created and included in the accounting policy.

Basic transactions for account 10

Since the account is active, then by its debit we show the receipt of an asset in the form of inventories, and by credit - its disposal from this account:

• Dt 10 Kt 60 (71, 76) - registration of materials;
• Dt 20 (23, 26, 44, 91) Kt 10 - how to write off materials from account 10 to main or auxiliary production, general business expenses, sales expenses or financial results.

If at the end of the reporting or other analyzed period there is a debit balance on the account. 10, it shows the cost of materials available. At the end of the reporting period, such balance is reflected in the balance sheet asset on line 1210 “Inventories”.

Everything that happened in accounting for materials for any period is reflected in the balance sheet for account 10, which contains:

• balance (remains) at the beginning of a given period;
• receipt as debit turnover;
• disposal as loan turnover;
• balances at the end of the period.

Now in more detail about each operation.

We capitalize the receipt

Before recording funds received into the account. 10, you need to recalculate everything and compare it with the quantity and name indicated in the seller’s document, usually TORG-12 or TTN, and inspect for defects.

If the inspection reveals no problems, everything is in place and in excellent condition, they are transferred for reporting to the storekeeper without registration at the warehouse. Documentary posting is executed by an invoice in the unified form M-4 or in free form with the mandatory details established by law 402-FZ. Another option is to put a “posted” stamp on the seller’s document with the name of your company, date of posting, full name. and the position of the responsible person and his signature.

If, however, the check shows that not everything is as expected, you need to draw up a report on the defects of the goods in terms of quantity or quality. In this case, the actual quantity of received materials with quality that satisfies you is subject to capitalization.

Write off

Materials are subject to disposal in cases where they are transferred to production, for management purposes, upon sale, damage, or shortage. You can write off materials by evaluating them in one of three ways:

• at the cost of each unit (clauses 16, 17 PBU 5/01). This method is used mainly with a unique price for each unit of purchased inventories and involves accounting for each unit. The disposal of each unit in this case is written off at its acquisition price;
• at average cost (clauses 16, 18 PBU 5/01). This method assumes the presence of inventory groups in analytical accounting. It is advisable to prescribe the principle of their distribution into groups in the accounting policy. With this write-off method, the unit cost is calculated as the ratio of the amount of the debit balance of the account. 10 at the beginning of the month and the debit turnover on this account for this month to an amount equal to the amount of materials in the account. 10 at the beginning of the month and the number of materials received this month. To calculate the amount of disposal of all materials of a group, you need to multiply the average cost of inventories of this group by the number of retired materials of this group;
• at the cost of the first in time of acquisition (FIFO) (clauses 16, 19 PBU 5/01). Accounting by groups is assumed, as in the previous version. Write-off occurs at the price of early purchases in each group: the first write-off at the price of inventories listed at the beginning of the month. At this price, the quantity that is accounted for at the beginning of the month is written off. If such a number of inventories are written off, we begin to write off at the price of those inventories that were purchased second from the beginning of the month, etc.

The chosen method is fixed in the accounting policy.

The listed methods for determining the value of inventories for write-off are not used by retail trade organizations (they write them off at the sales price) and those who keep simplified accounting (they can write them off at the purchase price).